EP3894786A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur positionsbestimmung mittels trägheitsnavigation, und kalibriersystem - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur positionsbestimmung mittels trägheitsnavigation, und kalibriersystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP3894786A1 EP3894786A1 EP19836454.9A EP19836454A EP3894786A1 EP 3894786 A1 EP3894786 A1 EP 3894786A1 EP 19836454 A EP19836454 A EP 19836454A EP 3894786 A1 EP3894786 A1 EP 3894786A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensors
- sensor
- coordinate
- calibration
- positions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013017 mechanical damping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/10—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
- G01C21/12—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
- G01C21/16—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
- G01C21/183—Compensation of inertial measurements, e.g. for temperature effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/10—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
- G01C21/12—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
- G01C21/16—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C25/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass
- G01C25/005—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass initial alignment, calibration or starting-up of inertial devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/23—Testing, monitoring, correcting or calibrating of receiver elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/45—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement
- G01S19/47—Determining position by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement the supplementary measurement being an inertial measurement, e.g. tightly coupled inertial
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/48—Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system
- G01S19/49—Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system whereby the further system is an inertial position system, e.g. loosely-coupled
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining position by means of
- Orientation is determined by measuring accelerations and rotation rates a current position. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for determining position by means of inertial navigation with a plurality of sensors for measuring accelerations and rotation rates. The invention further relates to a calibration system for calibrating the device.
- GNSS global or regional satellite-based positioning systems
- B. GLONASS Galileo
- GPS Beidou
- IRNSS IRNSS
- QZSS QZSS
- the applicability of the technology in the area of navigation is limited to situations in which reception of the signals is guaranteed. Due to the relatively low transmission power and the resulting low field strength of the satellite signals
- Shielding of any kind is a massive obstacle to the functioning of a GNSS.
- inertial-based navigation systems are based on the measurement of linear accelerations and rotation rates along or around three pairs of linearly independent body axes. Based on the classic mechanics, knowing the initial spatial position, speed and alignment, the initial conditions, the alignment or orientation is initially obtained from the continuously measured yaw rates around the three axes via simple integration. Together with the linear acceleration, which is also continuously measured, adjusted for gravitational acceleration, the current speed after integration and the current spatial position of a moving body after further integration.
- Inertial sensors have these disadvantages, so that navigation is only possible for a relatively short period of time with sufficient positional accuracy.
- One of the main problems of inertia-based sensors is the bias error. This also results in small amounts of this error
- Movement drift which is expressed, for example, in the fact that a movement is derived from the measured acceleration data of a body at rest, but this does not actually take place. Due to the double integration in the position calculation, the position error increases quadratically with time. This means that the position determination can become unusable within minutes.
- Figures 1a and 1b show examples of the influence of a minor
- a straight, dashed line 1 shows the actual value
- a curved, continuous line 2 shows the value determined from the sensor data.
- the object of the invention is to increase the accuracy of the position determination in environments or situations in which reliable reception of electromagnetic signals including visible light is not possible or there is no corresponding technical infrastructure.
- the invention provides a method for
- Position determination by means of inertial navigation in which from a known starting position and starting orientation by detecting
- Accelerations and rotation rates a current position comprising the steps: providing sensors for detecting accelerations and rotation rates; Calculating the accelerations and rotation rates acting on the sensors over a period of time along or around three sensor axes; a position is determined from the data of the individual sensors and the vector components of the determined positions are then added in a weighted manner, the weights being determined by calibration.
- a non-linear combination of the vector components of the positions of a plurality of sensors (10) is preferably formed, the vector components and in each case at least the second power thereof being added up separately and weighted.
- a number of sensor combinations, each of which fulfills at least one quality criterion, is selected for calibration from a large number of sensor combinations for each coordinate direction.
- the quality criterion is advantageously met if the sum of the deviations of the coordinates of the positions of the individual sensors of the respective sensor combination from the actual value of the coordinate of the current position is below a defined limit value for each coordinate direction at the end of the calibration.
- the quality criterion is preferably met if the deviation of the center of gravity of the coordinates of the positions of the individual sensors of the respective sensor combination from the actual value of the coordinate of the current position is below a defined limit value for each coordinate direction at the end of the calibration.
- the quality criterion is met if for each
- a number of sensor combinations is advantageously selected, at least one at different times during the calibration
- a predetermined minimum and / or maximum number of sensor combinations which meet the quality criterion is preferably selected.
- a spatial coordinate of the center of gravity is used to determine the weights for each of the selected sensor combinations
- Center of gravity of the center of gravity of the corresponding coordinates is calculated.
- the deviations of the corresponding coordinates of the current positions of the individual sensors of the selected sensor combinations from the actual value of the corresponding coordinate of the current position are preferably used to determine the weights for each coordinate direction. For example, an over-determined system of equations is solved for determining the weights for each coordinate direction.
- Coefficients of a linear combination of corresponding coordinates of the positions associated with the sensors are formed.
- Position determination created by means of inertial navigation, comprising a large number of sensors for detecting accelerations and rotation rates along or around their respective sensor axes, and an evaluation device for calculating a current position from the detected accelerations and rotation rates, the evaluation device being designed in such a way that it consists of the Data of the individual sensors determined a position and the
- Vector components of the determined positions are then added in a weighted manner, the weights being determined by calibrating the sensors.
- the evaluation device is advantageously designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
- the device preferably comprises means for thermally decoupling the sensors from the environment and / or thermocouples to compensate for temperature changes.
- the device comprises a device for mechanical damping of the sensors.
- the device is preferably used in an aircraft, land vehicle or watercraft, which can be manned or unmanned, for example, and / or is designed as a portable navigation device for people and / or for use under water, such as in particular for diving operations.
- a calibration system which comprises a device according to the invention and a calibration unit for Calibration of the device according to the invention comprises.
- At least 25, preferably at least 36, and particularly preferably at least 42 or 100 sensors are advantageously used in the device and / or in the method.
- the good sensor combinations each comprise more than 10 sensors, preferably between 12 and 36 sensors.
- the computing time for determining the weights in e.g. 100 sensors are in the range of a few minutes using a standard computer.
- the computing time for determining the weights in e.g. 100 sensors are in the range of a few minutes using a standard computer.
- Computing time can also be shorter.
- the weights can also be determined, for example, using a PC, which is integrated directly into a charging station, for example. After the weights have been determined with the aid of the external PC, these are transferred to the device or to the navigation device and the system can be used, for example by a user.
- the invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art by dispensing with the evaluation of satellite signals.
- no electromagnetic radiation is used as an information carrier.
- the invention differs fundamentally from localization technologies such as Wi-Fi-based location, beacons, time of flight using UWB, VLC, where light signals are used for navigation, and camera-based solutions such as stereo vision, triangulation, etc.
- This property predestines the present invention for use in environments and situations in which reliable reception of EM Signals (including visible light) is possible or there is no corresponding technical infrastructure.
- the invention uses a number of so-called inertial measurement units (IMU: Intertial Measurement Unit) manufactured in microsystem technology (English micro electro mechanical system - MEMS).
- IMU Intertial Measurement Unit
- a matrix of inertial measuring units is used.
- the sensors or IMU sensors each contain a digital three-axis acceleration sensor and a three-axis digital gyroscope or rotation rate sensor. However, it is not a necessary condition that acceleration sensors and gyroscopes are in the same housing. Some IMUs also contain a digital thermometer and a
- the invention is based on the following considerations:
- each sensor supplies a stream of data that characterizes the linear acceleration and rotation rate.
- the simplest model uses a linear relationship for the relationship between sensor value and movement variables. For example, the following mapping or transformation rule applies to linear acceleration and the rotation rate along or around the X axis:
- the parameters are sensor-specific a * and ox denote the actual acceleration and angular velocity or rotation rate along or around the sensor X-axis, a x, s and oox.s the raw values sent by the sensor for the linear acceleration and rotation rate in or around the sensor X direction, sc ax and sccox the scaling factors and biasax or bias ffl x the values at
- the parameters scax, sc «, x, biasax and biaso * in the figure above are determined via a calibration process, which, however, is not part of the present invention. To distinguish it from the calibration described below, this is called parameter calibration below.
- each of the three sensor axes is z. B. parallel and then aligned antiparallel to the direction of gravitational acceleration. The meanwhile
- the recorded raw sensor values correspond to acceleration 1g or -1g or 9.81m / s 2 and -9.81 m / s 2 .
- the sensors are rotated around the corresponding axis with at least two different but known angular velocities.
- the drift described above is u. a. through the noise and through the
- Figures 2, 3a and 3b show a possible histogram or the
- the bias error of the linear acceleration and yaw rate along or around an axis can be defined as the deviation of the current bias value for this axis from the true value.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show a possible distribution of the bias error (in raw sensor values) of the linear acceleration for the X and Y axes in 36 IMU sensors.
- the graphic shows that the bias errors have different values for each sensor and for each axis.
- the approach on which the invention is based for calculating the trajectory or trajectory and thus the current position differs from that of existing navigation systems with one or more IMUs. It is not the primary aim to minimize the noise of the sensor values by using an intelligent filter, or to identify the influence of other effects, parameters and sizes and to include them in a suitable way in order to obtain optimized properties with regard to the drift behavior, or in general one Prevent position errors or keep them small.
- the current position determination is instead optimized by weighting the positions calculated with the aid of the individual sensors in such a way that, for. B. a linear combination of the X coordinates of the positions belonging to the individual sensors of the IMU matrix leads to a more precise X coordinate.
- FIG. 4 shows the calculated current positions 41 of the individual sensors of an arrangement of 36 IMU sensors (crosses) after a calibration period of 10 minutes (the Z coordinate has been omitted); the system was at rest during calibration. It can be seen very clearly that after 10 minutes the deviation of the calculated values from the
- the idea of the invention is based on the fact that instead of the path coordinates individually calculated for each sensor, the components of the linear acceleration and the rotation rate of the individual sensors can also be suitably weighted, in order thereby to have one continuously for each point in time
- Room position can be calculated.
- the arrangement as a matrix is not relevant.
- the sensors can be arranged in a single row or completely arbitrarily, as long as the positions are known and the three sensor axes of all IMUs are each parallel. This also has advantages in the
- the probability increases that the calculation of an average trajectory or the formation of the center of gravity of all N current position results in a more precise result when calculating the actual trajectory or the actual position in space.
- the mentioned center of gravity t represents the vector sum of all current positions originating from the individual sensors
- n 1 .. N] divided by N and can be viewed mathematically as a linear combination of the N current positions with the identical coefficients 1 / N:
- Deviation of the calculated from the averaging from the actual current position an amount after a short time that makes this procedure unsuitable for navigation (see FIG. 5).
- FIG. 5 shows the error 51 of the calculated X coordinate for all sensors of the IMU arrangement after 10 minutes.
- the arithmetic mean of the deviations is approx. 200 m.
- the weights or contributions of the individual IMUs for the three spatial coordinates will be different, so that for each of the coordinates X, Y, Z of the current position a separate set of N weights or also
- the weight of the IMU sensor Sj deviates from the weight for the Y and Z coordinates when determining the X coordinate of the current position: wxi wyi wzi.
- weight vectors do not represent time constants and depend, for example, on the temperature, so that different weight vectors for different coordinates for each coordinate
- the temperature of the IMUs could be kept relatively constant to a certain degree and with a certain effort (thermal insulation, heating and cooling elements, early switching on, etc.).
- the calibration process described below can also be carried out for different temperatures. For these reasons, the temperature influence is not considered further at first.
- the weight vectors for each coordinate, ie wx, wy and wz, are constant over time and are not or no longer temperature-dependent (see above).
- a x waxy a xl + wax 2 a x 2 + ⁇ + wax N a XN (11)
- a Y way- L a Y1 + way 2 a Y 2 H - l ⁇ way N a YN
- a z waz x a zi + waz 2 a Z2 + - I- waz N a ZN
- wgx (wgx l ..., wgx N )
- wgy (wgy l ..., wgy N )
- wgz ⁇ wgz ⁇ ⁇ wgz ⁇ .
- the acceleration vector measured by an IMU in its own reference system is transformed into the world coordinate system (“earth frame”), after firstly the current orientation with regard to an initial orientation using the three-axis gyroscope of the IMU through simple integration the angular velocity or rate of rotation is determined (see formula (14)) and secondly the acceleration due to gravity from the above
- Acceleration in the world coordinate system gives the position in relation to a known starting position.
- the current angular position about the Y axis of the world coordinate system can be calculated using an initial angular position f U ⁇ (t 0 ) and the following formula:
- Flgs. 1a, b is a diagram of an example of the influence of a small one
- Acceleration sensor to the calculated X coordinate of speed and position
- Figs. 3a, b a possible distribution of the bias error of the linear linear
- Fig. 4 shows an example of the calculated current positions of individual
- Figs. 6a, b a device for position determination according to a preferred
- Embodiment of the invention as a schematic representation; 7 shows a histogram of the accumulated deviations per
- Fig. 8 shows an example of good subsets or sensor combinations
- Fig. 9 shows an example of an actual and a means
- Figs. 10a, b show the development over time of the X and Y errors of the calculated trajectory shown in FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the detection of a movement of a person according to FIG. 12
- FIG. 13 shows a block diagram in which a calibration according to a
- Embodiment of the invention is shown schematically.
- FIG. 14 shows a calibration system 200 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention as a schematic illustration.
- FIGS 1 to 5 serve to illustrate the general
- FIGS. 6 a and b show the basic structure of a device 100 for position determination according to a preferred embodiment as
- FIG. 1 A schematic representation. The front A and the back B are shown.
- Figure 6b shows an arrangement for displaying and transmitting the data.
- the sensors 10 are used to measure
- the sensor or IMU arrangement consists of 25 sensors.
- an evaluation device 13 in the form of several processors or microcontrollers (MCU) 13a, 13b is provided, which are arranged on the rear side B of the circuit board 11.
- the main task of the processors or MCUs 13a, 13b is to read out the IMU data and calculate the position.
- the MCU 13b is used for weighting the individual results and for carrying out further calculation steps, as well as for displaying the result on a display 16 and / or for sending to a receiving station via a transmitter or receiver 17 using an MCU 13c (see also FIG. 6b ).
- the evaluation device 13 is designed such that it calculates a position value for each coordinate axis and for each point in time from the sensor data of the plurality of sensors 10, positions for each IMU separately, for example, from the sensor data of the plurality of sensors 10 after conversion into accelerations and rotation rates are calculated and then added weighted component by component.
- the system Due to the small size of the IMU sensors 10 (approx. 4 mm x 4 mm x 1 mm), the system has a very compact design.
- Sensor arrangement 20 which in this example consists of 25 sensors 10, is 35 mm ⁇ 35 mm.
- the device 100 shown here is designed such that a plurality of IMUs or
- Sensors 10 can be read by an MCU 13a.
- the IMUs each have an l 2 C interface so that they can be addressed directly by an MCU or, if necessary, via an l 2 C multiplexer.
- the l 2 C multiplexers 14 offer the possibility of reading out all the associated IMUs separately.
- Each microcontroller 13 can thereby select an on addressing, for example, of 8 IMUs, which are connected via separate channels using a multiplexer l 2 C-.
- each IMU is assigned exactly one microcontroller.
- the circuit board 11 thus forms an IMU matrix circuit board with a suitable computer architecture 13, 14 for reading out the IMU data via I 2 C multiplexers, for calculating the position via weight vectors by means of the processor or the MCU 13b, for transmission a display 16 and to a PC during a calibration.
- the calculated position data or the sensor data or other relevant information can also be sent to a receiver.
- a method for determining the position is explained below by way of example, which is preferably carried out with the device described above.
- the basic idea is based on the random selection of Q subsets or subsets from the set of sensors 10 ⁇ 5 1 ..., S N ⁇ with at least K and at most M elements:
- good subsets is given below.
- FIG. 7 shows a possible histogram of the accumulated deviations Xerror per sensor subset with a large number (> 10 5 ) of subsets of the sensor arrangement 20
- the focus of the X-coordinate XTI such a good part quantity as the sum of the current X-positions of the individual sensors associated with the parts Cti amount h divided by the number of elements of the subset
- Figure 8 shows an example of good subsets for calculating the X and Y coordinates of the current position.
- the horizontally striped IMUs or sensors 10a represent a good subset or good sensor combination for calculating the X coordinate of the current position; the vertically striped sensors 10b form a good subset for the Y coordinate.
- a sensor can also belong to the two good subsets.
- tE 10 min at 100 Hz
- the aim of the calibration is to identify such good subsets and to use them to determine the weight vectors. It is not only a search for the subset whose associated current X coordinate as the center of gravity of the current X coordinates of the sensors 10 belonging to this subset best matches the actual X coordinate of the system, but a certain, predetermined number Q of such good subsets (e.g. a few hundred with 25 IMU sensors).
- the value of Limit was typically between 10 m and 100 m. The smaller this value is, the fewer sensor combinations can meet the criterion.
- the calibration is preferably carried out using a PC or another suitable external platform.
- Figures 6a and 6b described above show a possible structure of the system.
- the clock rates of the microcontrollers (MCU) used are typically between 20 and 200 MHz and are thus more than an order of magnitude slower than modern PCs. It is therefore advantageous to transfer the IMU data to a PC during calibration in order to search for good sensor combinations and to calculate the weight. The weight vectors are then transferred from the PC to the system and are available for position determination.
- the two specified criteria can be determined by other quality criteria or
- Another condition can be, for example, that the length of the trajectories averaged over the subsets must match the actual length as closely as possible.
- An even stricter criterion for a good sensor combination can also require that the sum of the deviations from the true value over the entire measuring time of the calibration must be as small as possible, which is equivalent to the requirement that the averaged trajectory of the subset agrees well with the actual trajectory is.
- Sensor combination may exist and must exist at least, then there is a way to determine good subsets by selecting a series of sensor combinations or subsets by random generator and checking for compliance with a quality criterion with a suitable computer system until a predetermined minimum number is found.
- T34 ⁇ S4, S9, S9, S9, S12, S19, S21 ⁇ , which is algorithmic however, the numbers given for the number of possible subsets may again be increased significantly.
- Xi denotes the X coordinate of the current positions belonging to the sensor Si.
- the focus of these priorities is: s «0.071 X + 0.083 X 2 + 0.155 X 3 + 0.155 X 6 + 0.155 X 1 +
- Weight determination is not the only possibility and can only be seen as an example.
- X s wx 1 X 1 + WX2X2 + ⁇ + wx N X N and can also be a good approximation for the current X position coordinate: Xs (t) »Xtrue (t).
- T calib [0; t ß ].
- weight vectors calculated using different methods do not necessarily have to be identical.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of an actual flat trajectory 81 (shown continuously) and a plane calculated using the weight vector
- Path curve 82 (shown in dashed lines) for an arrangement of 25 IMU sensors 10.
- FIGS. 10a and 10b show the development over time of the X and Y errors of the calculated trajectory shown in FIG. 9.
- Figure 11 shows an example of the movement of a person who the
- Device 100 wears after 12 minutes; the crosses show the positions 101 determined with the aid of the individual sensors 10 of the IMU matrix; the asterisk shows the position 102 determined by a weight vector according to the invention and coincides well with the actual position 103, which is represented as a circle.
- the starting position 104 is shown as a double circle.
- Weighting of the linear accelerations and rotation rates or rotation angles of the individual sensors 10 is carried out in order to calculate the current orientation and position with the aid of the calculated substitute values.
- Calibration time is continuously read out at a sufficiently high rate (e.g. 15 min at 200 Hz), while a defined system movement is carried out with exactly known starting conditions, known path curve and known chronological course of acceleration and angular velocity or orientation, so that for each point in time ( after transforming the
- Sensor raw data values for the linear acceleration and the rotation rate are available for each sensor 10 and for each sensor axis.
- w c t. n (t E ) and a XT n (t E ) denote the rotation rate by or the linear acceleration along the sensor X axis of the nth sensor of the part quantity T and yc , t ⁇ e) the angle of rotation of the nth Sensor of the part quantity T around the world X axis at the end of the
- Step A Provision of the sensors
- Step B detection of accelerations and rotation rates
- Step C determine the positions that result from the data of each sensor
- Step D Weighted addition of the vector components of the positions determined.
- FIG. 13 additionally shows a block diagram in which a calibration according to one exemplary embodiment is shown schematically. Inscribed
- Step K1 detection of positions which are determined by a plurality of sensors at a known position
- Step K2 Check a variety of different sensor combinations for that
- Step K3 Selection of those sensor combinations that have at least one
- Step K4 Determine the weights for the selected ones
- Step K5 Provision of the weights for the weighted addition when carrying out the method for determining the position.
- FIG. 14 additionally shows a calibration system 200 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which comprises a calibration unit 110 for calibrating the device 100, as described above.
- the calibration unit 110 comprises units for carrying out those described in detail above
- thermocouples for temperature compensation
- An operational temperature gradient can be according to a
- Embodiment can be reduced by early switching on before calibration and before use.
- the system or the device 100 or at least the IMU sensors 10 can also be permanent by a corresponding energy supply
- the calibration should advantageously only be carried out after a certain operating time or operating time, since then a constant bias error can be assumed and it is also advantageous if this takes place promptly before the actual use, without that the system is switched off in the meantime, which also solves the "turn-on to turn-on problem" already mentioned.
- a user can also operate two systems, one of which is calibrated while the other is in use.
- Weight vector for each coordinate are extrapolated from the associated weight vectors of the previous sections of the calibration by a fit.
- the actual alignment of the system with respect to the orientation of the magnetic lines of the earth's magnetic field can be measured and used to correct the calculated direction of movement or orientation.
- the position error resulting from the processing of the acceleration data can also be reduced.
- an external sensor system or generally external information can be used to determine whether an actual movement takes place relative to the earth's surface. It may also be possible to determine the amount to estimate the speed.
- a coupling of the system or device 100 to e.g. B. a drive shaft or the wheels of a land vehicle provide information about whether and how fast the system is moving or when it is at rest.
- This information can be used to calculate the acceleration data after a simple integration of the acceleration data
- the system or device 100 is used by people who move about, according to an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, e.g. B. detected steps via heuristic considerations of the sensor data. If there are no steps, the speed will most likely be zero. This corrects the calculated speed and reduces drift or the error in the position calculation.
- Measurement data of physical variables such as water or air pressure are used to calculate the depth or height above the ground in order to further reduce errors, at least for the Z and height coordinates.
- the sensor raw values of all sensors are advantageously via an adapted low-pass filtering or a history fit of
- high-frequency components exempt. This reduces the influence of noise or vibrations. If, on the other hand, a drift-like movement is not to be expected, high-pass filtering is advantageously carried out in order to minimize drift.
- the present invention can also advantageously be used in combination with other localization technologies. For example, is the reception of the GPS signal is only possible sporadically due to the environment, then the received GPS coordinates can be used to correct the position calculated continuously with the IMU matrix.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Navigation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018009913 | 2018-12-11 | ||
| PCT/DE2019/000305 WO2020119841A1 (de) | 2018-12-11 | 2019-11-29 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur positionsbestimmung mittels trägheitsnavigation, und kalibriersystem |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3894786A1 true EP3894786A1 (de) | 2021-10-20 |
Family
ID=69165271
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19836454.9A Withdrawn EP3894786A1 (de) | 2018-12-11 | 2019-11-29 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur positionsbestimmung mittels trägheitsnavigation, und kalibriersystem |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210364652A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3894786A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112019006140A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020119841A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4341781A1 (de) * | 2021-05-18 | 2024-03-27 | Snap Inc. | Dynamische initialisierung eines ar 3dof-verfolgungssystems |
| US11898873B2 (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2024-02-13 | Zoox, Inc. | Calibrating multiple inertial measurement units |
| US12391265B2 (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2025-08-19 | Zoox, Inc. | Pose component |
| CN114279311B (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-08-16 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | 一种基于惯性的gnss变形监测方法与系统 |
| EP4227647B1 (de) * | 2022-02-09 | 2024-05-22 | Renesas Electronics America Inc. | Verfahren zur kalibrierung einer linearisierungsfunktion zur korrektur des ausgangs eines positionssensors |
| EP4227646B1 (de) * | 2022-02-09 | 2024-05-29 | Renesas Electronics America Inc. | Verfahren zur kalibrierung einer linearisierungsfunktion zur korrektur des ausgangs eines positionssensors |
| US20240302169A1 (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2024-09-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Inertial measurement unit (imu) with blending of outputs from an array of micro-electromechanical system (mems) sensors |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6532419B1 (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2003-03-11 | Magellan Dis, Inc. | Calibration of multi-axis accelerometer in vehicle navigation system |
| US20160047675A1 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2016-02-18 | Tanenhaus & Associates, Inc. | Inertial Measurement and Navigation System And Method Having Low Drift MEMS Gyroscopes And Accelerometers Operable In GPS Denied Environments |
| JP2011220844A (ja) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-11-04 | Seiko Epson Corp | 位置算出方法及び位置算出装置 |
| IL234691A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2017-12-31 | Boyarski Shmuel | A method and system for inertial navigation using a world-wide fastening system |
| US10365131B2 (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2019-07-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Hybrid inertial measurement unit |
| CN107764258B (zh) * | 2016-08-17 | 2021-04-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞行自动控制研究所 | 一种飞行管理系统的导航管理方法 |
| GB2575694A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-22 | Atlantic Inertial Systems Ltd | Sensor packages |
-
2019
- 2019-11-29 WO PCT/DE2019/000305 patent/WO2020119841A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-11-29 DE DE112019006140.2T patent/DE112019006140A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-11-29 EP EP19836454.9A patent/EP3894786A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-06-11 US US17/345,169 patent/US20210364652A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210364652A1 (en) | 2021-11-25 |
| WO2020119841A1 (de) | 2020-06-18 |
| DE112019006140A5 (de) | 2021-10-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3894786A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur positionsbestimmung mittels trägheitsnavigation, und kalibriersystem | |
| DE69012278T2 (de) | Navigationssysteme. | |
| DE69021354T2 (de) | System zur Detektion eines Hindernisses. | |
| DE69306069T2 (de) | Bordnavigationssystem für ein Flugzeug mit einem Seitensichtradar mit synthetischer Apertur | |
| EP2044573B1 (de) | Überwachungskamera, verfahren zur kalibrierung der überwachungskamera sowie verwendung der überwachungskamera | |
| DE69006709T2 (de) | System zum Bestimmen der Position an Bord eines Luftfahrzeugs und seine Anwendungen. | |
| DE102019114511A1 (de) | Radar-odometrie für ein fahrzeug | |
| DE2801045A1 (de) | Navigationsgeraet | |
| DE102011080432A1 (de) | Systeme und Verfahren zum Berechnen einer vertikalen Position | |
| WO2016113411A1 (de) | Lokalisierungsvorrichtung und verfahren zur lokalisierung | |
| EP3017319A1 (de) | Verfahren zur bestimmung von trajektorien beweglicher physischer objekte in einem raum, auf der basis von sensordaten mehrerer sensoren | |
| EP2269002A2 (de) | Verfahren zur trägheits-navigation unter wasser | |
| EP2381208B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Positionsdaten eines Zielobjekts in einem Referenzsystem | |
| DE102009007684B4 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Lokalisierung von Objekten | |
| EP3538843A1 (de) | Schätzen einer eigenposition | |
| DE102014205640B4 (de) | Vermessung mittels mobilem Gerät | |
| WO2023186350A1 (de) | Unbemanntes fluggerät zur optischen gebietserfassung | |
| EP3610224A1 (de) | Verfahren, vorrichtung und computerlesbares speichermedium mit instruktionen zur schätzung einer pose eines kraftfahrzeugs | |
| EP3584536B1 (de) | Terrestrisches beobachtungsgerät mit lagebestimmungsfunktionalität | |
| DE102020127315A1 (de) | System und Verfahren zum Annotieren von Automobilradardaten | |
| DE102011111342B3 (de) | Verfahren zur Positionsbestimmung von sich bewegenden Objekten | |
| DE102022106260A1 (de) | Fehlerkorrektursystem und fehlerkorrekturverfahren für trägheitsnavigationsgeräte | |
| WO2002097371A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur autonomen navigation von satelliten | |
| DE112014006164T5 (de) | Fahrrichtungs-Informationsausgabevorrichtung, Kartenabgleichsvorrichtung, Fahrrichtungs-Informationsausgabeverfahren und Programm | |
| DE69705465T2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Identifikation und Ortsbestimmung von festen Objekten entlang eine Strecke |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20210521 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R079 Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: G01C0021160000 Ipc: G01S0019230000 |
|
| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: G01C 25/00 20060101ALI20220609BHEP Ipc: G01C 21/16 20060101ALI20220609BHEP Ipc: G01S 19/23 20100101AFI20220609BHEP |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20230201 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20240601 |