EP3893255B1 - Système de contrôle thermique d'un transformateur - Google Patents

Système de contrôle thermique d'un transformateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3893255B1
EP3893255B1 EP20168886.8A EP20168886A EP3893255B1 EP 3893255 B1 EP3893255 B1 EP 3893255B1 EP 20168886 A EP20168886 A EP 20168886A EP 3893255 B1 EP3893255 B1 EP 3893255B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
control unit
fans
fan control
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20168886.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3893255A1 (fr
Inventor
Sergio COLOMBI
Davide INGHINGOLO
Roberto CONCA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tecsystem Srl
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Tecsystem Srl
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Publication date
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Priority to EP20168886.8A priority Critical patent/EP3893255B1/fr
Priority to PCT/IB2021/052917 priority patent/WO2021205375A1/fr
Publication of EP3893255A1 publication Critical patent/EP3893255A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3893255B1 publication Critical patent/EP3893255B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/085—Cooling by ambient air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2876—Cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H01F2027/406—Temperature sensor or protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/322—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof the insulation forming channels for circulation of the fluid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of MV/MV or MV/LV resin transformers for distributing electric energy.
  • MV/MV or MV/LV resin transformers for distributing electric energy are electric machines which, during the operation thereof, generate heat due to losses, which heat is to be kept within design limits for safety matters and to protect the transformer.
  • the transformer autonomously disposes of the heat by virtue of the stack effect.
  • the arrows in Figure 1 indicate the air flow from the bottom upwards, which causes the cooling of the transformer.
  • the natural up-draft is not sufficient to ensure an adequate cooling under critical use conditions, both of environmental and electric type, such as to maintain the transformer below the maximum operating temperature thereof.
  • the invention achieves the object by a temperature control system of a transformer as defined in indepedent claim 1, which comprises a plurality of fans adapted to force the passage of air through one or more windings of the transformer in order to facilitate the heat exchange between such windings and the surrounding environment, actuation devices of said fans, one or more inputs for receiving the thermal status of the transformer and/or commands as a function of the thermal status of the transformer, and at least one control unit in communication with said one or more inputs and said actuation devices.
  • the control unit is programmed to send actuation signals to the actuation devices so as to adjust the rotation speed of each fan as a function of the thermal status of the transformer.
  • the idea behind the invention is that of replacing the traditional asynchronous motors mounted to the ventilation bars with intelligent electronic motors based on BLDC (brushless DC) technology and providing the ventilation bar with one or more control boards capable of dialoging with the control unit in charge of monitoring the transformer and commanding the ventilation system.
  • BLDC brushless DC
  • the system comprises a plurality of sensors for measuring the temperature in one or more points of the transformer windings in communication with corresponding inputs of the control unit for reading the temperature values detected by said sensors.
  • Such temperature values reach the control unit by means of the control unit of the transformer through a specific communication protocol.
  • the control unit is configured to set the rotation speed of the fans, each independently of the other, on the basis of the detected temperature values.
  • the actuation devices of said fans advantageously comprise DC motors of the brushless type, driven with variable phase currents such as to generate a magnetic field of rotating stator. Said phases are advantageously determined by the control unit as a function of the rotation speed to be set.
  • control unit may be configured to use such speed and/or position information as a feedback to control the rotation of the fans.
  • the invention also relates to an MV/MV or MV/LV resin transformer for distributing electric energy comprising a plurality of windings placed side-by-side, bars adapted to support a plurality of fans arranged at the bottom on opposite sides of each winding so as to facilitate the air flow from the bottom upwards in each winding, actuation devices of said fans mounted to the same support bars, at least one control unit configured to set the rotation speed of said fans to obtain the aforesaid heat exchange control system.
  • the transformer comprises temperature sensors interfaced with a control unit configured to read the temperature of each winding and correspondingly communicate the speed value to be set for each fan to the control unit.
  • a system for controlling the heat exchange of a transformer comprises a control unit 2 interfaced with a plurality of devices 101 for actuating fans 1.
  • Such actuation devices 101 advantageously comprise DC motors of the brushless type, and related drives.
  • the control unit 2 is a typical device with a microcontroller or microprocessor 102 provided with program memory 202 and input/output devices 302, 402, respectively, towards the actuation devices 1 and towards the control unit 3 of the transformer.
  • control unit 2 may be several control units which manage subgroups of fans.
  • the brushless DC (BLDC) motors are characterized by a rotor with a permanent magnet and a stator with coils typically arranged at 120°. By driving the coils with conveniently out-of-phase currents, a stator rotating magnetic field may be generated, followed by the rotor magnet which is thus rotated.
  • the key part of the operation of a BLDC motor is the driving of the stator coils.
  • mechanisms are required, which allow the direction and the application ranges of the current in each coil to be controlled, i.e. the phase changes and the duration of the stator currents to be controlled.
  • a way of controlling the BLDC motors consists in using square waves with variable duty cycle as driving signals (PWM - Pulse Width Modulation), which allows a complete control of the motor rotation to be carried out, both in terms of direction and rotation speed, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • control unit 2 on the basis of the speed to be set for each individual motor, generates square waves for controlling the BLDC motors by means of drivers capable of supplying the power required for each coil.
  • drivers may consist of discrete MOSFET bridges or, advantageously, integrated circuits which are suitable for this purpose, e.g. DRV10983.
  • the speed control of the fans is performed on the basis of the temperature of the windings detected by sensors 4. These sensors are temperature probes commonly employed to monitor the operation of the transformers.
  • the temperature sensors 4 are operatively connected to the control unit 3 which monitors the operation of the transformer. Said control unit 3 is in charge of translating the readings received from the temperature sensors into command signals. If the temperatures detected exceed the thresholds programmed in the control unit 3, it manages the actuators, for example the alarm relays, in addition to processing the command signal for the ventilation system. Moreover, said control unit 3 communicates the values read by the temperature sensors, or directly the related generated actuation commands, to the control unit 2 by means of a communication line 103.
  • the same communication line 103 may be used to transmit statuses related to the fans 1, e.g. breakdowns, or the actual rotation speed, to the control unit 3.
  • further sensors here speed/position sensors, for example encoders or Hall effect sensors, coupled to the shaft of each motor and preferably interfaced with the control unit 2 may be used, the data of which may be used both as a feedback to better operate the actuation control of the fan motors and to send status information to the control unit 3.
  • the same motors may also be provided with internal sensors which signal an abnormal increase of ambient temperature where they are located, with consequent implementation of safety measures if they are operating excessively beyond the maximum limits allowed.
  • control unit of the fans 2 is in communication with a control unit of the transformer 3 to receive commands and/or send operating statues from/to said control unit 3.
  • a complete control system is obtained, in which in addition to the temperature, other parameters may also be involved for adjusting the speed of the fans, and therefore of the heat exchange between transformer and external environment.
  • the control unit which is typically provided with safety relays, monitors the operation of the transformer and advantageously comprises a remote communication interface, e.g. of the RS485, Ethernet or Wireless type, for sending operating data and receiving setting commands of the operation of the transformer and/or of the fans.
  • a remote communication interface e.g. of the RS485, Ethernet or Wireless type
  • transformers may be built, which provide a very effective and highly reliable system for managing the heat exchange by even using the same support bars of the fans currently used, with an apparent advantage in terms of retrofitting existing systems. Indeed, it will be sufficient to replace the fans with brush motors with fans with BLDC motors and a control unit on the same support bar to provide the existing transformers with an evolved heat exchange control system.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show an installation example of a fan with a BLDC motor (shown in detail in Figure 5 ) in a ventilation bar of a traditional transformer.
  • transformer (5) typically an MV/MV or MV/LV resin transformer for distributing electric energy, comprises a plurality of windings (105) placed side-by-side, bars (205) adapted to support a plurality of fans (1) arranged at the bottom on opposite sides of each winding (105) so as to facilitate the air flow from the bottom upwards in each winding, actuation devices (101) of said fans (1) mounted to the same support bars (205), at least one control unit (2) configured to set the rotation speed of the fans (1), to obtain the heat exchange control system described.
  • variable speed of the motors By virtue of the variable speed of the motors and the digital communication of the control system, various advantages are achieved, including:

Claims (6)

  1. Système pour le contrôle d'une température d'un transformateur, le système comprenant :
    une pluralité de ventilateurs (1) conçus pour forcer le passage d'air à travers un ou plusieurs enroulements du transformateur afin de faciliter le refroidissement desdits enroulements ; des dispositifs pour l'actionnement desdits ventilateurs (101) ;
    une unité de contrôle de transformateur (3) pour le contrôle du transformateur, et au moins une unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) en communication avec ladite unité de contrôle de transformateur (3) pour recevoir des commandes et/ou envoyer des états de fonctionnement en provenance de/vers ladite unité de contrôle de transformateur (3) ;
    une ou plusieurs entrées pour la réception de la température du transformateur et/ou des commandes en fonction de la température du transformateur, ladite au moins une unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) étant en communication avec lesdites une ou plusieurs entrées et lesdits dispositifs d'actionnement (101), ladite unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) étant programmée pour envoyer des signaux d'actionnement aux dispositifs d'actionnement (101) de façon à ajuster la vitesse de rotation de chaque ventilateur (1) en fonction de la température du transformateur ;
    une pluralité de capteurs (4) pour la mesure de la température en un ou plusieurs points des enroulements de transformateur en communication avec des entrées correspondantes de l'unité de contrôle de transformateur (3) pour la lecture des valeurs de température détectées par lesdits capteurs (4), l'unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) étant configurée pour régler la vitesse de rotation des ventilateurs (1), chacun indépendamment des autres, sur la base des valeurs de température détectées,
    caractérisé en ce que l'unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) est programmée pour entraîner les ventilateurs (1) à une vitesse de sécurité lorsque la communication entre l'unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) et l'unité de contrôle de transformateur (3) est interrompue.
  2. Système selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel les dispositifs d'actionnement (101) desdits ventilateurs (1) comprennent des moteurs à courant continu du type sans balais configurés pour être entraînés avec des courants à phase variable de façon à générer un champ magnétique d'un stator rotatif, lesdites phases étant déterminées par l'unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) en fonction de la vitesse de rotation devant être réglée.
  3. Système selon la revendication précédente, comprenant des capteurs couplés ou aptes à être couplés aux ventilateurs (1) et/ou aux moteurs (101), lesdits capteurs étant en communication avec des entrées de l'unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) pour lire la vitesse et/ou la position du rotor des moteurs, l'unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) étant configurée pour utiliser de telles informations de vitesse et/ou de position comme un retour d'informations pour contrôler la rotation desdits ventilateurs (1).
  4. Système selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite unité de contrôle de transformateur (3) est configurée pour envoyer des informations de vitesse devant être réglée pour au moins une partie des ventilateurs (1) à l'unité de contrôle de ventilateur (2) sur la base de paramètres de fonctionnement du transformateur.
  5. Système selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'unité de contrôle de transformateur (3) comprend une interface de communication à distance pour l'envoi de données de fonctionnement et la réception de commandes de réglage du fonctionnement du transformateur et/ou des ventilateurs (1).
  6. Transformateur (5) en résine moyenne tension/moyenne tension, MT/MT, ou moyenne tension/basse tension, MT/BT, pour la distribution d'énergie électrique, comprenant le système selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5,
    dans lequel le transformateur (5) en résine MT/MT ou MT/BT comprend une pluralité d'enroulements (105) placés côte à côte, des barres (205) conçues pour porter une pluralité de ventilateurs (1) agencés en bas sur des côtés opposés de chaque enroulement (105) de façon à faciliter l'écoulement d'air de bas en haut dans chaque enroulement, et dans lequel les dispositifs d'actionnement (101) desdits ventilateurs (1) sont montés sur les barres de support (205).
EP20168886.8A 2020-04-09 2020-04-09 Système de contrôle thermique d'un transformateur Active EP3893255B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20168886.8A EP3893255B1 (fr) 2020-04-09 2020-04-09 Système de contrôle thermique d'un transformateur
PCT/IB2021/052917 WO2021205375A1 (fr) 2020-04-09 2021-04-08 Système de régulation thermique d'un transformateur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20168886.8A EP3893255B1 (fr) 2020-04-09 2020-04-09 Système de contrôle thermique d'un transformateur

Publications (2)

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EP3893255A1 EP3893255A1 (fr) 2021-10-13
EP3893255B1 true EP3893255B1 (fr) 2024-03-27

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EP (1) EP3893255B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021205375A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6392372B1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2002-05-21 Ljm Products, Inc. Brushless DC fan module incorporating integral fan control circuit with a communication port for receiving digital commands to control fan
CN2452102Y (zh) * 2000-11-23 2001-10-03 庞启东 干式变压器用的横流式多级调节风冷装置
US7714524B2 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-05-11 Minebea Co., Ltd. System and method for controlling multiple DC fans
US8692492B2 (en) * 2011-03-30 2014-04-08 Panasonic Corporation Lead angle value setting method, motor driving control circuit, and brushless motor
CN205406243U (zh) * 2016-02-24 2016-07-27 广州银变电力设备有限公司 一种干式变压器调频散热系统
CN105810402A (zh) * 2016-05-10 2016-07-27 士林电机（苏州）电力设备有限公司 一种干式变压器
KR101919875B1 (ko) * 2016-12-28 2019-02-08 경북대학교 산학협력단 지능형 변압기 보호 장치 및 그 방법

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EP3893255A1 (fr) 2021-10-13

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