EP3891407B1 - Ball joint - Google Patents

Ball joint Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3891407B1
EP3891407B1 EP19801250.2A EP19801250A EP3891407B1 EP 3891407 B1 EP3891407 B1 EP 3891407B1 EP 19801250 A EP19801250 A EP 19801250A EP 3891407 B1 EP3891407 B1 EP 3891407B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ball
joint
housing
connecting element
shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19801250.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3891407A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Hahn
Wolfgang Eulerich
Manfred Heidemann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication date
Application filed by ZF Friedrichshafen AG filed Critical ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Publication of EP3891407A1 publication Critical patent/EP3891407A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3891407B1 publication Critical patent/EP3891407B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • F16C11/0638Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics characterised by geometrical details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/005Ball joints
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/10Arrangements for locking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/416Ball or spherical joints
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0642Special features of the plug or cover on the blind end of the socket
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0685Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
    • F16C11/069Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints with at least one separate part to retain the ball member in the socket; Quick-release systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/50Positive connections
    • F16C2226/80Positive connections with splines, serrations or similar profiles to prevent movement between joined parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/05Vehicle suspensions, e.g. bearings, pivots or connecting rods used therein

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ball joint, in particular a chassis joint, with a housing and a ball socket, which has a ball bearing section to accommodate a joint ball, and an anti-rotation device, which blocks movement of the ball socket within the housing, the housing and the ball socket forming the Anti-twist devices each have at least one connecting element that has corresponding retaining profiles, so that the connecting elements form a positive plug-in connection when assembled.
  • Such a ball joint is from EP 0 591 928 A1 known.
  • Such ball joints are used in particular for the movable mounting of chassis parts.
  • the ball shells are mounted inside the housing so they cannot rotate, on the one hand to prevent them from closing the joint opening at least partially due to twisting, and on the other hand to prevent increased wear.
  • EP 0 591 928 A1 discloses a bearing according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • ball joints are known whose ball shells are anchored in the housing via coupling rods.
  • form-fitting connections are known, which are arranged laterally on the spherical shells and are mostly of cylindrical design, so that they can be introduced by milling processes.
  • grooves or nipples are known which are introduced into connection components and which deform the spherical shell surfaces during assembly and increase the clamping within the housing.
  • small, mostly raised elements are also known which form a kind of ridge and are pressed into the outer contour of the spherical shells during assembly.
  • a ball joint in particular a chassis joint, with increased performance.
  • the contact area of the ball shell should be increased and the performance of the joint should be essentially temperature-independent.
  • the housing and the ball shell each have at least one connecting element for forming the anti-twist device, which have corresponding retaining profiles, so that the connecting elements form a positive plug connection in the assembled state.
  • This essentially results in a separation of the anti-twist device, or the connecting elements forming the anti-twist device, and the ball bearing section, which forms the area of the load-bearing bearing of the joint ball within the ball joint.
  • additional fastening elements can be dispensed with, which would otherwise lead to an irregular wall thickness of the ball bearing section.
  • This maximizes the contact area of the ball socket reduces the influence of temperature due to homogeneous thermal expansion and reduces signs of wear on the ball socket. Overall, this can significantly increase the performance of the ball joint.
  • the ball bearing section completely encloses the connecting element of the ball shell, so that the ball bearing section allows the joint ball to be mounted independently and unaffected by the connecting elements, with the connecting element preferably being arranged around the central longitudinal axis of the ball joint.
  • the connecting element of the ball shell is located within a cone angle ⁇ with respect to the geometric center of the ball joint and the ball bearing section outside of the cone angle ⁇ , whereby the connecting element and the ball bearing section are angularly spaced from one another.
  • the connecting element is preferably arranged coaxially to the central axis (vertical axis), the central longitudinal axis being aligned perpendicularly to the equatorial plane of the spherical shell and passing through its center. This results in a direct separation of the anti-twist device and the ball bearing section, which do not thereby affect their respective functions.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the ball bearing section is designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the ball joint, so that the ball bearing section is designed without slots or grooves.
  • the connecting element of the ball shell is designed as a positive mold and the connecting element of the housing is designed as a corresponding negative mold.
  • the ball shell has a cylindrical connecting element with outer retaining profiles that can be inserted into a connecting element of the housing in the form of a correspondingly designed cylindrical recess, which also has retaining profiles that are formed on the inside of the cylinder of the negative mold.
  • Holding profiles that have proven to be preferred as corresponding holding profiles of the connecting elements are designed as hexagons or hexalobes or have a slot shape, cross shape or polygon shape in cross section.
  • the connecting elements can also be designed inverted, so that the connecting element of the ball shell is designed as a negative shape and the connecting element of the housing is designed as a corresponding positive shape.
  • the connecting element is configured in a manner that deviates from a cylindrical shape and has a substantially frustoconical outer contour, so that the connecting element assumes a centering function.
  • the connecting element of the housing has a correspondingly conical design.
  • a recess is formed on the outside of the ball shell, which completely surrounds the connecting element of the ball shell and into which the housing engages in the assembled state with a correspondingly formed annular elevation, the recess in the Cross-section is U-shaped.
  • the annular elevation of the housing on the side facing the ball bearing section is designed as a contact surface.
  • the ring-shaped narrowing of the cross section results in a homogeneous material in the ball bearing section with few material defects, which can be attributed to the manufacturing process of the ball socket.
  • the ball shells according to the invention are preferably produced using the injection molding process, with the plastic material being injected in a suitable form first in the area of the later anti-rotation device. The plastic material then penetrates through the narrowing of the cross section into the region of the ball bearing section.
  • the narrowing of the cross section acts as a kind of throttle, causing a pressure drop behind the narrowing of the cross section and the plastic material relaxes, which leads to a calming of the injection process and to an even filling of the ball bearing section.
  • Ball shells produced in this way have few material defects, in particular in the area of the ball bearing section, in particular no flow lines or cavities.
  • the ball bearing section has a steadily decreasing wall thickness from the connecting element of the ball socket to a joint opening of the ball joint.
  • the ball bearing section has a steadily decreasing wall thickness from the annular recess to the joint opening of the ball joint.
  • the ball socket Before assembly, the ball socket is essentially cylindrical or quasi-cylindrical from the opening area to the equator, so that a joint ball can be inserted into the ball socket. Furthermore, an annular closure element is provided, which deforms the cylindrical part of the ball socket in the assembled state in such a way that the ball socket encompasses the joint ball in a form-fitting manner. As a result, the ball bearing section is pressed homogeneously onto the joint ball and can then be held in the housing of the ball joint in a form-fitting manner.
  • the ball socket 1 shows a specific embodiment of the ball joint 1 in the assembled state with a housing 2, a ball socket 3 and a joint ball 4 mounted therein, which reaches through the ball socket 2 with a shaft 5 at a joint opening 6.
  • the ball socket 3 is connected to the housing 2 via an anti-twist device 7, which blocks a movement of the ball socket 3 within the housing 2, in particular a rotation around the central longitudinal axis 8 (vertical axis), which is perpendicular to a plane 9 of the joint opening 6 or the equator 21 of the spherical shell 3 and runs through the center point M of the spherical shell 3 .
  • the anti-twist device 7 consists of a connecting element 10 on the ball socket 3, which is designed as a positive mold, and a corresponding one trained connecting element 11 of the housing 2, which is designed as a negative mold.
  • Both connecting elements 10, 11 are cylindrical and have retaining profiles (in 1 Not shown).
  • the exemplary embodiments Figures 3a, b show in this connection a holding profile 12 with an external hexalobe on the part of the spherical shell 3 and a holding profile 13 with an internal hexalobe on the part of the housing 2 .
  • a connecting element 10, 11 designed in this way blocks any movement of the ball socket 3 within the housing 2, in particular a rotation of the ball socket 3 about the central longitudinal axis 8 of the ball joint 1.
  • the connecting element 10 of the ball shell 3 is surrounded by a ball bearing section 14 so that there is a separation between the anti-twist device 7 or the connecting element 10 and the ball bearing section 14 .
  • the anti-rotation device 7 is arranged within the cone angle ⁇ , while the ball bearing section 14 is arranged outside of the cone angle ⁇ .
  • the ball bearing section 14 can be designed to be completely rotationally symmetrical with a constant wall thickness 15 viewed in the circumferential direction, which has a positive effect on the load-bearing capacity of the ball socket 3 .
  • a recess 16 (or indentation) is formed between the ball bearing section 14 and the anti-twist device 7 , into which a correspondingly formed annular elevation 17 of the housing 2 engages.
  • the recess 16 is essentially U-shaped in cross section.
  • the annular elevation 17 of the housing 2 is formed as a contact surface 18 on the side facing the ball bearing section 14, so that the ball bearing section 14 can be supported thereon. If the shaft 5 is pivoted to the left in the direction of arrow 19, for example, a force acts on the ball bearing section 14 in the direction of the anti-twist device 7, depending on the frictional forces within the joint 1, and the ball bearing section 14 can be supported on the contact surface 18 of the housing 2 arranged there.
  • FIG. 2a, b each show cross-sectional views of the ball shell 3, the embodiment according to Figure 2a has a recess 16 between the ball bearing portion 14 and the connecting element 10, while according to the embodiment not claimed Figure 2b has no recess between the ball bearing portion 14 and the connecting element 10. Irrespective of this, it is provided in both cases that the wall thickness 15 of the ball bearing section 14 decreases continuously from the connecting element 10 in the direction of the joint opening 6 , ie in the direction of the arrow 20 .
  • Figure 3a shows the spherical shell 3 Figure 2a in a perspective view, wherein the ball socket 3 is shown in the not yet assembled state.
  • a substantially cylindrical section 22 extends from the equator 21 to the joint opening 6, which facilitates the insertion of the joint ball 4 (in Figure 3a not shown) allowed in the spherical shell 3.
  • the ball shell 3 is inserted into the housing 2, which is Figure 3b is shown in perspective.
  • a ring element 23 is then pressed onto the cylindrical section 22 of the ball socket 3 so that the ball socket 3 rests against the joint head 4 .
  • the ring element 23 is finally inserted into the housing 2 until the snap-in connections 24 provided for this purpose hold the ring element 23 and consequently the ball socket 3 within the housing 2 in a form-fitting manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Kugelgelenk, insbesondere ein Fahrwerksgelenk, mit einem Gehäuse und einer Kugelschale, die zur Aufnahme einer Gelenkkugel einen Kugellagerabschnitt aufweist, und einer Verdrehsicherung, die eine Bewegung der Kugelschale innerhalb des Gehäuses blockiert, wobei das Gehäuse und die Kugelschale zur Ausbildung der Verdrehsicherung jeweils mindestens ein Verbindungselement besitzen, die korrespondierende Halteprofile aufweisen, so dass die Verbindungselemente im montierten Zustand eine formschlüssige Steckverbindung bilden.The present invention relates to a ball joint, in particular a chassis joint, with a housing and a ball socket, which has a ball bearing section to accommodate a joint ball, and an anti-rotation device, which blocks movement of the ball socket within the housing, the housing and the ball socket forming the Anti-twist devices each have at least one connecting element that has corresponding retaining profiles, so that the connecting elements form a positive plug-in connection when assembled.

Ein derartiges Kugelgelenk ist aus der EP 0 591 928 A1 bekannt. Solche Kugelgelenke werden insbesondere zur beweglichen Lagerung von Fahrwerksteilen verwendet. Um dabei die Beweglichkeit der Fahrwerksteile dauerhaft zu gewährleisten, sind die Kugelschalen verdrehsicher innerhalb des Gehäuses gelagert, um einerseits zu vermeiden, dass sie durch eine Verdrehung die Gelenköffnung zumindest teilweise verschließen, und um andererseits einem erhöhten Verschleiß vorzubeugen. Hierzu stehen nach dem Stand der Technik mehrere alternative Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. EP 0 591 928 A1 offenbart ein Lager gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.Such a ball joint is from EP 0 591 928 A1 known. Such ball joints are used in particular for the movable mounting of chassis parts. In order to ensure the mobility of the chassis parts over the long term, the ball shells are mounted inside the housing so they cannot rotate, on the one hand to prevent them from closing the joint opening at least partially due to twisting, and on the other hand to prevent increased wear. According to the state of the art, several alternative options are available for this purpose. EP 0 591 928 A1 discloses a bearing according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es sind beispielsweise Kugelgelenke bekannt, deren Kugelschalen im Gehäuse über Koppelstangen verankert sind. Ferner sind formschlüssige Verbindungen bekannt, die seitlich an den Kugelschalen angeordnet und zumeist zylindrisch ausgebildet sind, damit sie durch Fräsverfahren eingebracht werden können. Darüber hinaus sind Rillen oder Nippel bekannt, die in Anschlussbauteilen eingebracht sind, und die die Kugelschalenoberflächen während der Montage verformen und die Klemmung innerhalb der Gehäuse erhöhen. Schließlich sind auch kleine zumeist erhabene Elemente bekannt, die eine Art Grat bilden und sich bei der Montage in die Außenkontur der Kugelschalen eindrücken.For example, ball joints are known whose ball shells are anchored in the housing via coupling rods. Furthermore, form-fitting connections are known, which are arranged laterally on the spherical shells and are mostly of cylindrical design, so that they can be introduced by milling processes. In addition, grooves or nipples are known which are introduced into connection components and which deform the spherical shell surfaces during assembly and increase the clamping within the housing. Finally, small, mostly raised elements are also known which form a kind of ridge and are pressed into the outer contour of the spherical shells during assembly.

Die bisherigen Lösungen von Verdrehsicherungen der Kugelschalen können sich unmittelbar auf die Bereiche der tragenden Lagerung und mithin die Kugellagerabschnitte der Kugelschalen auswirken. Insbesondere variierende Wandstärken in den Kugellagerabschnitten führen gelegentlich zu unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungen, was nicht selten die Leistungsfähigkeit der Gelenke verringert.The previous solutions of anti-rotation of the ball shells can have a direct effect on the areas of the supporting bearing and therefore the ball bearing sections of the ball shells. In particular, varying wall thicknesses in the Ball bearing sections sometimes lead to different thermal expansions, which often reduces the performance of the joints.

Hiervon ausgehend ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Kugelgelenk, insbesondere ein Fahrwerksgelenk, mit einer gesteigerten Leistungsfähigkeit vorzuschlagen. Insbesondere soll der Traganteil der Kugelschale erhöht werden und die Leistungsfähigkeit des Gelenkes soll im Wesentlichen temperaturunabhängig sein.Proceeding from this, it is the object of the present invention to propose a ball joint, in particular a chassis joint, with increased performance. In particular, the contact area of the ball shell should be increased and the performance of the joint should be essentially temperature-independent.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Kugelgelenk nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass das Gehäuse und die Kugelschale zur Ausbildung der Verdrehsicherung jeweils mindestens ein Verbindungselement besitzen, die korrespondierende Halteprofile aufweisen, so dass die Verbindungselemente im montierten Zustand eine formschlüssige Steckverbindung bilden. Hierdurch ergibt sich im Wesentlichen eine Trennung der Verdrehsicherung, bzw. der die Verdrehsicherung bildenden Verbindungselemente, und dem Kugellagerabschnitt, der den Bereich der tragenden Lagerung der Gelenkkugel innerhalb des Kugelgelenkes bildet. Hierdurch kann auf zusätzliche Befestigungselemente verzichtet werden, die anderenfalls zu einer unregelmäßigen Wandstärke des Kugellagerabschnitts führen. Hierdurch wird der Traganteil der Kugelschale maximiert, der Temperatureinfluss aufgrund einer homogenen Wärmeausdehnung reduziert und Verschleißerscheinungen an der Kugelschale reduziert. Insgesamt kann hierdurch die Leistungsfähigkeit des Kugelgelenkes deutlich gesteigert werden.This object is achieved by the ball joint according to claim 1. According to the invention it is provided that the housing and the ball shell each have at least one connecting element for forming the anti-twist device, which have corresponding retaining profiles, so that the connecting elements form a positive plug connection in the assembled state. This essentially results in a separation of the anti-twist device, or the connecting elements forming the anti-twist device, and the ball bearing section, which forms the area of the load-bearing bearing of the joint ball within the ball joint. As a result, additional fastening elements can be dispensed with, which would otherwise lead to an irregular wall thickness of the ball bearing section. This maximizes the contact area of the ball socket, reduces the influence of temperature due to homogeneous thermal expansion and reduces signs of wear on the ball socket. Overall, this can significantly increase the performance of the ball joint.

Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgend und in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below and in the dependent claims.

Damit der Kugellagerabschnitt eine von den Verbindungselementen abgekoppelte und mithin unabhängige und unbeeinflusste Lagerung der Gelenkkugel erlaubt, ist nach einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass der Kugellagerabschnitt das Verbindungselement der Kugelschale vollständig umringt, wobei das Verbindungselement vorzugsweise um die Mittellängsachse des Kugelgelenkes angeordnet ist. Anders ausgedrückt ist vorgesehen, dass sich das Verbindungselement der Kugelschale mit Bezug auf den geometrischen Mittelpunkt des Kugelgelenkes innerhalb eines Kegelwinkels α befindet und der Kugellagerabschnitt außerhalb des Kegelwinkels α, womit das Verbindungselement und der Kugellagerabschnitt angular voneinander beabstandet sind. Vorzugsweise ist dabei das Verbindungselement koaxial zur Mittelachse (Hochachse) angeordnet, wobei die Mittellängsachse senkrecht zur Äquatorebenen der Kugelschale ausgerichtet ist und durch ihren Mittelpunkt führt. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine unmittelbare Trennung der Verdrehsicherung und des Kugellagerabschnitts, die sich hierdurch in ihren jeweiligen Funktionen nicht beeinflussen.According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the ball bearing section completely encloses the connecting element of the ball shell, so that the ball bearing section allows the joint ball to be mounted independently and unaffected by the connecting elements, with the connecting element preferably being arranged around the central longitudinal axis of the ball joint. In other words, it is provided that the connecting element of the ball shell is located within a cone angle α with respect to the geometric center of the ball joint and the ball bearing section outside of the cone angle α, whereby the connecting element and the ball bearing section are angularly spaced from one another. The connecting element is preferably arranged coaxially to the central axis (vertical axis), the central longitudinal axis being aligned perpendicularly to the equatorial plane of the spherical shell and passing through its center. This results in a direct separation of the anti-twist device and the ball bearing section, which do not thereby affect their respective functions.

Damit sich in alle Richtungen eine homogene Abstützung und Lagerung der Gelenckugel innerhalb der Kugelschale ergibt, ist nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass der Kugellagerabschnitt mit Bezug auf die Mittellängsachse des Kugelgelenkes rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet ist, so dass der Kugellagerabschnitt schlitzfrei und nutfrei ausgestaltet ist.To ensure that the joint ball is supported and positioned homogeneously in all directions within the ball socket, a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the ball bearing section is designed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the central longitudinal axis of the ball joint, so that the ball bearing section is designed without slots or grooves.

Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass das Verbindungselement der Kugelschale als Positivform und das Verbindungselement des Gehäuses als korrespondierende Negativform ausgebildet sind. Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass die Kugelschale ein zylinderförmiges Verbindungselement mit äußeren Halteprofilen besitzt, das in ein Verbindungselement des Gehäuses in Form einer korrespondierend ausgebildeten zylindrischen Ausnehmung einführbar ist, das ebenfalls Halteprofile aufweist, die an der Zylinderinnenseite der Negativform ausgebildet sind. Als korrespondierende Halteprofile der Verbindungselemente haben sich Halteprofile als bevorzugt erwiesen, die als Sechskant oder Sechsrund ausgebildet sind oder im Querschnitt eine Schlitzform, Kreuzform oder Polygonform besitzen.According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the connecting element of the ball shell is designed as a positive mold and the connecting element of the housing is designed as a corresponding negative mold. In particular, it is provided that the ball shell has a cylindrical connecting element with outer retaining profiles that can be inserted into a connecting element of the housing in the form of a correspondingly designed cylindrical recess, which also has retaining profiles that are formed on the inside of the cylinder of the negative mold. Holding profiles that have proven to be preferred as corresponding holding profiles of the connecting elements are designed as hexagons or hexalobes or have a slot shape, cross shape or polygon shape in cross section.

Die Verbindungselemente können bei Bedarf jedoch auch invertiert ausgestaltet sein, so dass das Verbindungselement der Kugelschale als Negativform und das Verbindungselement des Gehäuses als korrespondierende Positivform ausgebildet sind. Es ist ebenfalls nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform bedarfsweise vorgesehen, dass das Verbindungselement von einer Zylinderform abweichend ausgestaltet ist und eine im wesentlichen kegelstumpfförmige Außenkontur besitzt, so dass das Verbindungselement eine Zentrierungsfunktion übernimmt. Das Verbindungselement des Gehäuses ist in diesem Fall entsprechend konisch ausgestaltet.If required, however, the connecting elements can also be designed inverted, so that the connecting element of the ball shell is designed as a negative shape and the connecting element of the housing is designed as a corresponding positive shape. According to a preferred embodiment, it is also provided, if required, that the connecting element is configured in a manner that deviates from a cylindrical shape and has a substantially frustoconical outer contour, so that the connecting element assumes a centering function. In this case, the connecting element of the housing has a correspondingly conical design.

Um die Verdrehsicherung weiter von dem Kugellagerabschnitt abzukoppeln, ist vorgesehen, dass in der Außenseite der Kugelschale eine Ausnehmung ausgebildet ist, die das Verbindungselement der Kugelschale vollständig umringt und in die das Gehäuse im montierten Zustand mit einer korrespondierend ausgebildeten ringförmigen Erhebung eingreift, wobei die Ausnehmung im Querschnitt U-förmig ausgebildet ist. Die ringförmige Erhebung des Gehäuses auf der dem Kugellagerabschnitt zugewandten Seite ist als Anlagefläche ausgebildet. Hierdurch kann sich der Kugellagerabschnitt bei auftretenden Kräften, die in die Richtung der Verdrehsicherung wirken, an der Anlagefläche des Gehäuses abstützen, womit allenfalls geringe Kräfte auf die Verdrehsicherung wirken. Bei hohen Druckbelastungen im Kugelgelenk lässt die Anlagefläche des Gehäuses kaum ein Ausweichen des Kunststoffmaterials der Kugelschale zu und stützt das verformte Material ab, damit es nicht in weniger belastete Bereiche ausweichen kann und die Gelenkspannung hierdurch herabsetzt.In order to further decouple the anti-twist device from the ball bearing section, it is provided that a recess is formed on the outside of the ball shell, which completely surrounds the connecting element of the ball shell and into which the housing engages in the assembled state with a correspondingly formed annular elevation, the recess in the Cross-section is U-shaped. The annular elevation of the housing on the side facing the ball bearing section is designed as a contact surface. As a result, the ball bearing section can be supported on the contact surface of the housing when forces occur that act in the direction of the anti-rotation lock, with the result that only small forces act on the anti-rotation lock. With high pressure loads in the ball joint, the contact surface of the housing hardly allows the plastic material of the ball shell to yield and supports the deformed material so that it cannot yield to less stressed areas and thereby reduce joint tension.

Darüber hinaus ergibt sich durch die ringförmige Querschnittsverjüngung ein homogenes Material im Kugellagerabschnitt mit wenig Materialfehlern, was auf das Herstellverfahren der Kugelschale zurückzuführen ist. Die erfindungsgemäßen Kugelschalen werden vorzugsweise im Spritzgießverfahren hergestellt, wobei das Kunststoffmaterial in einer geeigneten Form zuerst in dem Bereich der späteren Verdrehsicherung eingespritzt wird. Anschließend dringt das Kunststoffmaterial durch die Querschnittsverjüngung in den Bereich des Kugellagerabschnitts ein. Die Querschnittsverjüngung wirkt als eine Art Drossel, womit hinter der Querschnittsverjüngung ein Druckabfall entsteht und sich das Kunststoffmaterial entspannt, was zu einer Beruhigung des Spritzvorgangs und zu einem gleichmäßigen Auffüllen des Kugellagerabschnitts führt. Derart hergestellte Kugelschalen besitzen insbesondere im Bereich des Kugellagerabschnitts wenig Materialfehler, insbesondere keine Fließlinien oder Lunker.In addition, the ring-shaped narrowing of the cross section results in a homogeneous material in the ball bearing section with few material defects, which can be attributed to the manufacturing process of the ball socket. The ball shells according to the invention are preferably produced using the injection molding process, with the plastic material being injected in a suitable form first in the area of the later anti-rotation device. The plastic material then penetrates through the narrowing of the cross section into the region of the ball bearing section. The narrowing of the cross section acts as a kind of throttle, causing a pressure drop behind the narrowing of the cross section and the plastic material relaxes, which leads to a calming of the injection process and to an even filling of the ball bearing section. Ball shells produced in this way have few material defects, in particular in the area of the ball bearing section, in particular no flow lines or cavities.

Um den Traganteil der Kugelschale weiter zu erhöhen, ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass der Kugellagerabschnitt von dem Verbindungselement der Kugelschale bis zu einer Gelenköffnung des Kugelgelenkes eine stetig abnehmende Wandstärke besitzt. Für den Fall, dass zwischen dem Verbindungselement und dem Kugellagerabschnitt eine ringförmige Ausnehmung angeordnet ist, ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass der Kugellagerabschnitt von der ringförmigen Ausnehmung bis zu der Gelenköffnung des Kugelgelenkes eine stetig abnehmende Wandstärke besitzt.In order to further increase the contact area of the ball socket, it is preferably provided that the ball bearing section has a steadily decreasing wall thickness from the connecting element of the ball socket to a joint opening of the ball joint. In the event that an annular recess is arranged between the connecting element and the ball bearing section, it is preferably provided that the ball bearing section has a steadily decreasing wall thickness from the annular recess to the joint opening of the ball joint.

Vor der Montage ist die Kugelschale von dem Öffnungsbereich bis zum Äquator im Wesentlichen zylindrisch oder quasizylindrisch ausgebildet ist, so dass eine Gelenckugel in die Kugelschale einführbar ist. Ferner ist ein ringförmiges Verschlusselement vorgesehen, das den zylindrischen Teil der Kugelschale im montierten Zustand derart verformt, dass die Kugelschale die Gelenkkugel formschlüssig umgreift. Hierdurch wird der Kugellagerabschnitt homogen auf die Gelenkkugel gedrückt und kann anschließend formschlüssig im Gehäuse des Kugelgelenkes gehalten werden.Before assembly, the ball socket is essentially cylindrical or quasi-cylindrical from the opening area to the equator, so that a joint ball can be inserted into the ball socket. Furthermore, an annular closure element is provided, which deforms the cylindrical part of the ball socket in the assembled state in such a way that the ball socket encompasses the joint ball in a form-fitting manner. As a result, the ball bearing section is pressed homogeneously onto the joint ball and can then be held in the housing of the ball joint in a form-fitting manner.

Konkrete Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden nachfolgend mit Bezug auf die Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
Querschnittsdarstellung eines Kugelgelenkes,
Fig. 2a, b
Querschnittsdarstellungen einer Kugelschale und
Fig. 3a, b
perspektivische Darstellungen einer Kugelschale und eines Gehäuses.
Concrete configurations of the present invention are explained below with reference to the figures. Show it:
1
cross-sectional view of a ball joint,
Fig. 2a, b
Cross-sectional representations of a spherical shell and
3a, b
perspective representations of a spherical shell and a housing.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine konkrete Ausgestaltung des Kugelgelenkes 1 im montierten Zustand mit einem Gehäuse 2, einer Kugelschale 3 und einer hierin gelagerten Gelenkkugel 4, der die Kugelschale 2 mit einem Schaft 5 an einer Gelenköffnung 6 durchgreift. Die Kugelschale 3 ist über eine Verdrehsicherung 7 mit dem Gehäuse 2 verbunden, die eine Bewegung der Kugelschale 3 innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 blockiert, insbesondere eine Rotation um die Mittellängsachse 8 (Hochachse), die senkrecht zu einer Ebenen 9 der Gelenköffnung 6 oder dem Äquator 21 der Kugelschale 3 angeordnet ist und durch den Mittelpunkt M der Kugelschale 3 verläuft. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht die Verdrehsicherung 7 aus einem Verbindungselement 10 auf der Kugelschale 3, das als Positivform ausgebildet ist, und einem korrespondierend ausgebildeten Verbindungselement 11 des Gehäuses 2, das als Negativform ausgestaltet ist. Beide Verbindungselemente 10, 11 sind zylindrisch ausgestaltet und besitzen an ihrer Zylinderaußen- bzw. Zylinderinnenfläche Halteprofile (in Fig. 1 nicht gezeigt). Die Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 3a, b zeigen in diesem Zusammenhang seitens der Kugelschale 3 ein Halteprofil 12 mit einem Außensechsrund und seitens des Gehäuses 2 ein Halteprofil 13 mit einem Innensechsrund. Im montierten Zustand blockiert ein derart ausgestaltetes Verbindungselement 10, 11 jedwede Bewegung der Kugelschale 3 innerhalb des Gehäuses 2, insbesondere eine Rotation der Kugelschale 3 um die Mittellängsachse 8 des Kugelgelenkes 1. 1 shows a specific embodiment of the ball joint 1 in the assembled state with a housing 2, a ball socket 3 and a joint ball 4 mounted therein, which reaches through the ball socket 2 with a shaft 5 at a joint opening 6. The ball socket 3 is connected to the housing 2 via an anti-twist device 7, which blocks a movement of the ball socket 3 within the housing 2, in particular a rotation around the central longitudinal axis 8 (vertical axis), which is perpendicular to a plane 9 of the joint opening 6 or the equator 21 of the spherical shell 3 and runs through the center point M of the spherical shell 3 . In the illustrated embodiment, the anti-twist device 7 consists of a connecting element 10 on the ball socket 3, which is designed as a positive mold, and a corresponding one trained connecting element 11 of the housing 2, which is designed as a negative mold. Both connecting elements 10, 11 are cylindrical and have retaining profiles (in 1 Not shown). The exemplary embodiments Figures 3a, b show in this connection a holding profile 12 with an external hexalobe on the part of the spherical shell 3 and a holding profile 13 with an internal hexalobe on the part of the housing 2 . In the mounted state, a connecting element 10, 11 designed in this way blocks any movement of the ball socket 3 within the housing 2, in particular a rotation of the ball socket 3 about the central longitudinal axis 8 of the ball joint 1.

Das Verbindungselement 10 der Kugelschale 3 ist von einem Kugellagerabschnitt 14 umringt, so dass sich eine Trennung zwischen der Verdrehsicherung 7 bzw. dem Verbindungselement 10 und dem Kugellagerabschnitt 14 ergibt. Konkret ist mit Bezug auf den Mittelpunkt M der Kugelschale 3 vorgesehen, dass die Verdrehsicherung 7 innerhalb des Kegelwinkels α angeordnet ist, während der Kugellagerabschnitt 14 außerhalb des Kegelwinkels α angeordnet ist. Hierdurch kann der Kugellagerabschnitt 14 vollständig rotationssymmetrisch mit einer in Umfangsrichtung gesehen konstanten Wandstärke 15 ausgebildet sein, was sich positiv auf die Tragfähigkeit der Kugelschale 3 auswirkt.The connecting element 10 of the ball shell 3 is surrounded by a ball bearing section 14 so that there is a separation between the anti-twist device 7 or the connecting element 10 and the ball bearing section 14 . In concrete terms, with reference to the center point M of the ball socket 3, it is provided that the anti-rotation device 7 is arranged within the cone angle α, while the ball bearing section 14 is arranged outside of the cone angle α. As a result, the ball bearing section 14 can be designed to be completely rotationally symmetrical with a constant wall thickness 15 viewed in the circumferential direction, which has a positive effect on the load-bearing capacity of the ball socket 3 .

Zwischen dem Kugellagerabschnitt 14 und der Verdrehsicherung 7 ist im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Ausnehmung 16 (oder Vertiefung) ausgebildet, in die eine korrespondierend ausgebildete ringförmige Erhebung 17 des Gehäuses 2 eingreift. Die Ausnehmung 16 ist im Querschnitt im wesentlichen U-förmig ausgestaltet. Dabei ist die ringförmige Erhebung 17 des Gehäuses 2 auf der dem Kugellagerabschnitt 14 zugewandten Seite als Anlagefläche 18 ausgebildet, so dass sich der Kugellagerabschnitt 14 hieran abstützen kann. Wird der Schaft 5 beispielsweise in Pfeilrichtung 19 nach links verschwenkt, wirkt in Abhängigkeit der Reibungskräfte innerhalb des Gelenkes 1 eine Kraft auf den Kugellagerabschnitt 14 in Richtung der Verdrehsicherung 7 und der Kugellagerabschnitt 14 kann sich an der dort angeordneten Anlagefläche 18 des Gehäuses 2 abstützen.In the exemplary embodiment shown, a recess 16 (or indentation) is formed between the ball bearing section 14 and the anti-twist device 7 , into which a correspondingly formed annular elevation 17 of the housing 2 engages. The recess 16 is essentially U-shaped in cross section. The annular elevation 17 of the housing 2 is formed as a contact surface 18 on the side facing the ball bearing section 14, so that the ball bearing section 14 can be supported thereon. If the shaft 5 is pivoted to the left in the direction of arrow 19, for example, a force acts on the ball bearing section 14 in the direction of the anti-twist device 7, depending on the frictional forces within the joint 1, and the ball bearing section 14 can be supported on the contact surface 18 of the housing 2 arranged there.

Die Fig. 2a, b zeigen jeweils Querschnittsdarstellungen der Kugelschale 3, wobei die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2a eine Ausnehmung 16 zwischen dem Kugellagerabschnitt 14 und dem Verbindungselement 10 besitzt, während die nicht beanspruchte Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2b keine Ausnehmung zwischen dem Kugellagerabschnitt 14 und dem Verbindungselement 10 besitzt. Unabhängig hiervon ist in beiden Fällen vorgesehen, dass die Wandstärke 15 des Kugellagerabschnitts 14 von dem Verbindungselement 10 in Richtung der Gelenköffnung 6, also in Pfeilrichtung 20 stetig abnimmt.The Fig. 2a, b each show cross-sectional views of the ball shell 3, the embodiment according to Figure 2a has a recess 16 between the ball bearing portion 14 and the connecting element 10, while according to the embodiment not claimed Figure 2b has no recess between the ball bearing portion 14 and the connecting element 10. Irrespective of this, it is provided in both cases that the wall thickness 15 of the ball bearing section 14 decreases continuously from the connecting element 10 in the direction of the joint opening 6 , ie in the direction of the arrow 20 .

Fig. 3a zeigt die Kugelschale 3 nach Fig. 2a in einer perspektivischen Darstellung, wobei die Kugelschale 3 im noch nicht montierten Zustand abgebildet ist. Hiernach erstreckt sich vom Äquator 21 bis zur Gelenköffnung 6 ein im Wesentlicher zylinderförmiger Abschnitt 22, der das Einführen der Gelenkkugel 4 (in Fig. 3a nicht dargestellt) in die Kugelschale 3 erlaubt. Anschließend wird die Kugelschale 3 in das Gehäuse 2 eingeführt, das in Fig. 3b perspektivisch dargestellt ist. Im montierten Zustand (s. Fig. 1) wird anschließend ein Ringelement 23 auf den zylinderförmigen Abschnitt 22 der Kugelschale 3 gedrückt, so dass sich die Kugelschale 3 an dem Gelenkkopf 4 anlegt. Das Ringelement 23 wird schließlich so weit in das Gehäuse 2 eingeführt, bis dafür vorgesehene Rastverbindungen 24 das Ringelement 23 und mithin die Kugelschale 3 innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 formschlüssig halten. Figure 3a shows the spherical shell 3 Figure 2a in a perspective view, wherein the ball socket 3 is shown in the not yet assembled state. After this, a substantially cylindrical section 22 extends from the equator 21 to the joint opening 6, which facilitates the insertion of the joint ball 4 (in Figure 3a not shown) allowed in the spherical shell 3. Then the ball shell 3 is inserted into the housing 2, which is Figure 3b is shown in perspective. When assembled (see 1 ) A ring element 23 is then pressed onto the cylindrical section 22 of the ball socket 3 so that the ball socket 3 rests against the joint head 4 . The ring element 23 is finally inserted into the housing 2 until the snap-in connections 24 provided for this purpose hold the ring element 23 and consequently the ball socket 3 within the housing 2 in a form-fitting manner.

BezugszeichenReference sign

11
Kugelgelenkball joint
22
GehäuseHousing
33
Kugelschalespherical shell
44
Gelenkkugeljoint ball
55
Schaftshaft
66
Gelenköffnungjoint opening
77
Verdrehsicherunganti-rotation device
88th
Mittellängsachsecentral longitudinal axis
99
Ebenelevel
1010
Verbindungselement auf der KugelschaleConnection element on the ball shell
1111
Verbindungselement des Gehäusesconnecting element of the housing
1212
Halteprofil der KugelschaleHolding profile of the spherical shell
1313
Halteprofil des GehäusesHousing retaining profile
1414
Kugellagerabschnittball bearing section
1515
WandstärkeWall thickness
1616
Ausnehmungrecess
1717
Erhebungelevation
1818
Anlageflächecontact surface
1919
Pfeilrichtungarrow direction
2020
Pfeilrichtungarrow direction
2121
Äquatorequator
2222
zylinderförmiger Abschnitt der Kugelschalecylindrical section of the spherical shell
2323
Ringelementring element
2424
Rastverbindungsnap connection
αa
Kegelwinkelcone angle
MM
Mittelpunkt der Kugelschalecenter of the spherical shell

Claims (8)

  1. Ball joint, in particular chassis joint, having a housing (2) and a ball shell (3) which has a ball-bearing portion (14) for receiving a joint ball (4), and having a rotation-prevention means (7) which blocks a movement of the ball shell (3) within the housing (2), wherein, for the formation of the rotation-prevention means (7), the housing (2) and the ball shell (3) each have at least one connecting element (10, 11), which have corresponding holding profiles (12, 13), so that, in the assembled state, the connecting elements (10, 11) form a form-fitting plug connection, characterized in that, in the outer side of the ball shell (3), there is formed a recess (16) which completely surrounds the connecting element (10) of the ball shell (3) and into which the housing (2) engages with a correspondingly formed annular elevation (17) in the assembled state, wherein, in cross section, the recess (16) is of substantially U-shaped form, and the annular elevation (17) of the housing (2) is formed as an abutment surface (18) on the side facing towards the ball-bearing portion (14), wherein the ball-bearing portion (14) is supported against the abutment surface (18) of the housing (2) under the action of forces acting in the direction of the rotation-prevention means (7).
  2. Ball joint according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ball-bearing portion (14) completely surrounds the connecting element (10) of the ball shell (3), wherein the connecting element (10) is preferably arranged around the central longitudinal axis (8) of the ball joint (1).
  3. Ball joint according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, with respect to the geometric centre (M) of the ball joint (1), the connecting element (10) of the ball shell (3) is situated inside a cone angle α and the ball-bearing portion (14) is situated outside the cone angle α.
  4. Ball joint according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, with respect to the central longitudinal axis (8) of the ball joint (1), the ball-bearing portion (14) is of circularly symmetrical form, so that the ball-bearing portion (14) is designed to be free of slots and grooves.
  5. Ball joint according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the connecting element (10) of the ball shell (3) is in the form of a positive shape and the connecting element (11) of the housing (2) is in the form of a corresponding negative shape.
  6. Ball joint according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the corresponding holding profiles (12, 13) of the connecting elements (10, 11) are in the form of hexagonal or hexalobular holding profiles or, in cross section, have the shape of a slot, a cross or a polygon.
  7. Ball joint according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ball-bearing portion (14) has a steadily decreasing wall thickness (15) from the connecting element (10) of the ball shell (3) to a joint opening (8) of the ball joint (1).
  8. Ball joint according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ball-bearing portion (14) has a steadily decreasing wall thickness (15) from the annular recess (16) to a joint opening (8) of the ball joint (1).
EP19801250.2A 2018-12-04 2019-11-05 Ball joint Active EP3891407B1 (en)

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DE102018220954.5A DE102018220954B4 (en) 2018-12-04 2018-12-04 Ball joint
PCT/EP2019/080144 WO2020114694A1 (en) 2018-12-04 2019-11-05 Ball joint

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KR (1) KR20210097687A (en)
CN (1) CN113167313B (en)
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CN113167313A (en) 2021-07-23
US11815128B2 (en) 2023-11-14
CN113167313B (en) 2024-02-23
US20220003266A1 (en) 2022-01-06
DE102018220954B4 (en) 2020-06-25
KR20210097687A (en) 2021-08-09
EP3891407A1 (en) 2021-10-13
DE102018220954A1 (en) 2020-06-04

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