Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P3/00—Fungicides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
  • A01N33/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds only one oxygen atom attached to the nitrogen atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
  • A01P7/04—Insecticides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an improved solution for enhancing protection of living plants through synergistic effects between buffered amine oxides and insecticides and fungicides and related methods.
• insects and fungi have been employed in a wide variety of locations and types of uses to inhibit plant destruction due to fungus and insect pests. Problems created by insects and fungi have long existed in many environments including, but not limited to agriculture, parks, golf courses, residential environments, highways, vegetable gardens, railroad tracks, recreational facilities, floral gardens, forests, pastures, waterways and in many other environments. This can interfere with desired functionality, the health of plants, as well as the aesthetics of an area containing vegetation.
• insects and fungi A wide variety of insecticides and fungicides have been employed in order to enhance the health of living plants and resist attack thereon by insects, fungi and other destructive organisms.
• Green lumber is also said to be treatable by the system.
• This patent which relates to wood as distinguished from living plants does include within the definition of wood preservatives, a number of chemical compounds including specific reference to fungicidal, insecticidal, water resistant, termite resistant materials.
• U.S. Patent 6,811,731 is directed toward a fire-retardant wood-based composite
• the fire-retardant treated green wood furnish is blended with a binder and then bound by applying pressure to form a non-leaching fire retardant wood based composite.
• boron compounds as wood preservatives.
• amine oxides improving the effectiveness of boron compounds as insecticides or biocides and plant growth regulating agents. They are also said to provide better dispersion of boron compounds when applied to plants and ftmgi. It also makes reference to the seeds of plants and the area on which the plants or fungi grow.
• the present invention provides a sol ution and method of obtaining synergistic action between a fungicide and a buffered amine oxide and/or an insecticide and a buffered amine oxide in order to provide enhanced resistance of a living plant to undesired deterioration due to fungi and insects.
• the solution and related method provides for greater plant protection than would be obtained through use of the fungicide alone or the insecticide alone. [0013] It is an object of the present invention to provide effective economical means for enhancing the performance of insecticides and fungicides on living plants.
• living plant is used in its ordinary sense, and is to be distinguished from both (a) plants which have died and (b) products or items which once were, but are no longer living or part of a living plant such as, for example, lumber.
• This definition will include living plant food products such as fruits or vegetables which have been removed from a plant.
• Living plants are characterized by the following:
• a“buffer” or“buffer system” is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base with its conjugate acid.
• a buffer system may also be obtained by adding a weak acid/conjugate base or a weak base/conjugate acid or by adding the weak acid/weak base and a strong acid/strong base in sufficient amount to form the conjugate acid/conjugate base,
• a buffer is a solution that resists change in pH when an acid or base is added to it.
• a “single buffer” involves only one compound being added to a solution to make a buffer which internally contains a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid,
• A“dual buffer system” or“dual buffer” consists of two different buffering agents each of which has its own weak acid/conjugate base or weak base/conjugate acid or weak acid/weak base pairs which combine to provide the desired pH.
• the specific buffering system or buffers of the present invention are preferably all dual buffering systems or dual buffers.
• the present invention involves creating a synergistic effect by applying to the plant a solution which includes of either an insecticide or a fungicide or both which will achieve a synergistically created improvement in the result through combining the same with a buffered amine oxide.
• the amine oxides may be mixed with buffers in a solvent to create a buffered amine oxide solution and then mixed with an insecticide and/or fungicide solution.
• the preferred amine oxides are selected from the group consisting of (a) the 12 carbon length amine oxides such as that sold under the trade designation Barlox 12 and (b) a mixture of the 12 and 18 carbon lengths sold under the trade designation Barlox 1218.
• the buffer system has the property that the pH of the solution changes very little when a small amount of a strong acid or strong base is added to it. Buffer solutions are employed as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value within a wide range of chemical operations. In the present invention, the buffer system helps to maintain a substantially constant pH when in contact with biological systems, such as living plants.
• the buffer system concepts can be extended to polyprotic species in which one or more protons may be removed to form different buffer systems, i.e., phosphate systems.
• buffer systems i.e., phosphate systems.
• preferred buffers are ammonium salt/ammonia, Deprotonated Lysine/Doubly Deprotonated Lysine, Phosphate Dibasic, Potassium
• buffered amine oxides do not significantly alter the pH of the insecticide or fungicide products but, rather, make the pH much less likely to change based on the buffer capacity of the buffer additives.
• TABLE 1 recites the composition of buffer systems 3-4 that were used in the studies.
• Buffer systems 3-4 were prepared by dissolving the appropriate reagents into one liter of deionized water until a homogenous solution was obtained.
• TABLE 4 shows, in the left hand column, the number assigned to a particular buffer with column 2 containing the abbreviated name or full name of the buffers. The amount of acidic chemical per liter and basic chemical per liter appear in the next two pairs of columns.
• TABLE 2 is directed toward the experimental method in preparation of the pre- blended amine oxide and buffer systems.
• the compositions of buffer system identifies the buffer system name in the first column with the next two columns providing identification of the acidic chemical and weight percent amount followed by the amount of basic chemical and the name. The last two columns provide, respectively, the water weight percent and Barlox 12 (30% by weight amine oxide donor) weight percent.
• TABLE 2 discloses the composition of pre-blended Amine Oxide and Buffer System
• Buffer system 3 was prepared by dissolving the appropriate reagent salts in water and then adding the amine oxide donor in sufficient amount to make one liter of solution.
• TABLE 3 shows the pH and buffer total Ion strengths (Molar) for buffer systems 3 and 4.
• amine oxides were mixed with buffers and then added to insecticide or fungicide formulations.
• preferred amine oxides were those of 12 carbon length such as diat sold under the trade designation Barlox 12 and a mixture of the 12 and 18 carbon lengths sold under the trade designation Barlox 1218,
• the buffer solution serves to stabilize the pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical operations.
• the buffer system maintains a substantially constant pH
• Tbe buffer system is an aqueous system consisting of a mixture of a weak acid in its conjugate or a weak base in its conjugate acid
• One may obtain the desired buffer system by directly adding the weak acid/conjugate base or weak base/conjugate acid salts or by adding the weak acid/weak base and a strong acid/strong base in sufficient amount to form the conjugate acid/conjugate base.
• the amine oxide additives may be mixed as tank blends with the insecticides or
• fungicides or may be incorporated into the insecticides or fungicide formulas.
• TABLE 1 shows 2 different buffers, while TABLE 3 shows an amine oxide blend.
• TABLE 4 discloses systems wherein the appropriate reagents were dissolved in deionized water until a homogenous solution was obtained.
• TABLE 3 deals with the pre-blending of the amine oxide and buffer systems with the appropriate reagents salts dissolved in water and subsequently, adding the amine oxide donor.
• concentrations in terms of PPM which involves totals of the amount present on the basis of total solution weight, with respect to the other columns of the table refer to concentration on a total solution volume basis.
• the 12 carbon length will be present in an amount of about 1.3 to 2.0 times the amount of 18 carbon length and in the preferred range about 1.5 to 1.8 times the amount of 18 carbon length.
• the tests were performed on white oak seedlings which were provided witii a stem wound in which was introduced staining fungi which was of the ceratocystis variety. Staining indicates that the fungicide or other treatment did not resist growth of the fungi with the number 100 representing 100% with no inhibitions of fungi growth and the number 0 indicating 0 % or 0 indicating no fungi growth,
• oxides of both the 12 and 1218 length in concentrations of 200; 1 and 400:1 did not in any way inhibit growth of the staining fungi.
• Propiconazole employed alone it is seen that with 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm, the inhibition at 50 ppm did not exist as tiiere was 100% growth and that at 100 ppm, 80% growth was experienced, while tit 200 ppm, 20% growth existed.
• the method of testing the tnaterials was to spray the trunk of the seedling with the particular solution being tested and 7 days after such application, creating a wound of approximately 2 millimeters by 10 millimeters on each seedling stem. Fourteen days after the wounding, the wounds were examined for the presence of staining fungi.
• concentrations of 200: 1 and 400: 1 produced any measurable difference in gypsy moth caterpillar damage over the control which had neither insecticide nor buffered amine oxide systems.
• the buffered amine oxide systems 3 and 4 were employed with insecticide concentrations of 10 ppm, at 400:1 concentration of the 12 length carbon buffered amine oxide systems, there was only 10% gypsy moth caterpillar damage and with 200: 1 concentration, there was 0 damage.
• a single solution may contain both an insecticide and a fungicide.
• Opaque black straw covering was applied to each wound.
• the opaque black straws were applied within about one minute after wounding and inoculation with the ftmgi.
• the straws are simple polypropylene straws as employed in the fowl industry, for example. They are wider than the normal straws as they are employed in the health industry for patients needing such straws. They are sterile.
• the purpose for using such straws is to facilitate the creation of a dark environment on the wound as fungi tend to like dark damp places. This is employed to enhance the effectiveness of the test by accelerating the severity of the fungal growing conditions.
• Each stem wound was given two ml of distilled water 10, 17, 21 and 28 days after wounding by a low volume trigger spray.
• the fourth column employs amine oxides without a buffer.
• the fourth column deals with the amine oxide without a buffer.
• the fifth column deals with the use of buffered amine oxide system and buffer identity.
• the final column is a numerical grade which represents the percent of staining fungi coverage in percentage in the stem wound of the red oak seedlings as measured on day 28.
• the buffered amine oxide employing buffer system 3 with 12 and 1218 carbon length produced 25 and 26 respectively.
• the chlorothalonil fungicide employed with buffered amine oxide employing buffer system 4 and the fungicide concentration of 200: 1 and carbon length of 12 and 1218 produced good results of 24 and 33, respectively.
• the chlorothalonil fungicide was used alone in the amount of 2470 ppm, the percent of staining was 49 and when 4940 ppm was employed, the percent staining was 37.
• the use of the unique combination of the invention produced superior stain fungi coverage resistance when 1235 ppm of the fungicide was used compared widi the use of the fungicide alone in much greater quantities.
• Table 6 also provides test results employing the fungicide Propiconazole. When the propiconazole was used alone, the percentage of staining was 85. Employing the buffer systems 4 and 3 without amine oxide, resulted in staining percentage, respectively, at a concentration of 200: 1 of 77 and 74. Use of amine oxide without a buffer in lengths 12 and 1218, showed staining percentage of 43 and 55, respectively.
• butler system 3 had values of 24 and 30 and buffer system 4 with lengths 12 and 1218, respectively, had values of 9 and 23. .
• concentration of mancozeb was increased to 2194 ppm and 4388 ppm, the numbers were 35 and 22. These numbers, respectively, were not any more effective and generally less effective than the fungicide employed at 1097 ppm. As a result, it is apparent that a smaller quantity of fungicide may be employed when it is used with the buffered amine oxide systems of the present invention.
• buffered amine oxide system substantially better employing applicant’s buffered amine oxide system with the preferred 4 and 3 buffer systems. It will also be noted that the 12 carbon length and 1218 carbon length both performed effectively. In each instance, the buffered amine oxide system was more effective in inhibiting staining fungi over (a) the tests with no fungicide, (b) the tests with no amine oxide, and (c) the tests with amine oxide, but no buffer.
• the infestation involved either lepidopteran larvae at the 3 rd to 4th instar development per container: four cabbage loopers ( Ttichoplusia ni ), and four beet armywomis (Spodoptera exigua) were employed.
• the test containers were placed in a dark humidity cabinet at 15°C and 80% relative humidity. Visual evaluations of the average percent damage were taken at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the initiation of infestation. The results are provided in the last column of Table 8.
• Table 7 in percentage values. The concentrations of each of the insecticides remained constant for the first nine tests were increased for the tenth test and were further increased for the eleventh test. The first group of tests involving no insecticides. The test with only insecticide produced a value of 41. When the no insecticide tests were performed with no amine oxide for CO 3 and PO 4 , the values were respectively 32.5 and 42.5. With the amine oxide and no buffer, the tests results were 41.5 and 48.
• buffer CO 3 produced damage of only 28.0 and 47,5, respectively for carbon Lengths 12 and 1218.
• Buffer PO 4 produced values of 45.0 and 60.0.
• the damage where the buffered amine oxide system of the invention was employed ranged from 1.0 to 11.5 which was dramatically superior to the otiier two categories, Le., no amine oxide and no buffer. With the no amine oxide, the values were 31.0 and 20.0 and with the no buffer, the values were 28.0 and 36.0. Increasing the concentration of the Acephate to 105 ppm and 140 ppm still showed increased damage of 16.5 and 13.0, respectively, as compared with applicant’s preferred buffered amine oxide system.
• romaine lettuce leaf discs 5/8” in diameter were dipped in the treatment solution for about one second per disc. Infestation was provided by eight lepidopteran larvae at the 3 rd to 4 th instar development per container. Four cabbage loopers (Trichoplusia ni) and four beet armyworms (Spodoptera exigua) were employed in infestation. The containers were placed in a dark humidity cabinet at 15T and 80% relative humidity. Visual observations of the average percent damage was taken at 24, 48 and 72 hours after infestation. Damage evaluation was by 5% increments over the total disc area.
• insecticide was identical to the tests results reported in Table 7.
• concentration of 200:1 was employed for the no amino oxide, no buffer and buffered amine oxide system. This series of tests, however, reported how the percent damage changed with time at the respective 24, 48 and 72 hour intervals,
• the buffered amine oxide system of the present invention after 72 hours the Acephate without using the buffered amine oxide experienced damage in the range of 59.5 through 79.5. This is to be contrasted with the buffered amine oxide tests at length 12 and 1218 of applicant’s two buffered amine oxides which had damage in range of 51 through 72.
• the Spinosad employed alone had a range of 28 to 59 damage.
• the range for the preferring amine oxide with Spinosad, at 72 hours was 29.5 to 49.5.
• the increased usage of Spinosad alone increased concentration of Spinosad alone produced results of 36.0 and 36.5.
• buffered amine oxide system additives of the present invention may be employed in many ways such as mixing as tank blends with insecticide or incorporation into insecticide formulations.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-06-19 EP EP19892294.0A patent/EP3890485A4/de active Pending
  • 2019-06-19 AU AU2019391691A patent/AU2019391691A1/en active Pending
  • 2019-06-19 WO PCT/US2019/037851 patent/WO2020117315A1/en unknown
  • 2019-06-19 BR BR112021010837-8A patent/BR112021010837A2/pt unknown
  • 2019-06-19 CA CA3120560A patent/CA3120560A1/en active Pending
  • 2019-06-19 MX MX2021006587A patent/MX2021006587A/es unknown
• 2021
  • 2021-06-02 CL CL2021001443A patent/CL2021001443A1/es unknown
• 2023
  • 2023-08-04 CL CL2023002315A patent/CL2023002315A1/es unknown

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