EP3887807A1 - Verfahren zum erfassen einer aus einem ersten werkstoff gebildeten beschichtung eines bauteils, insbesondere einer maschine - Google Patents
Verfahren zum erfassen einer aus einem ersten werkstoff gebildeten beschichtung eines bauteils, insbesondere einer maschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP3887807A1 EP3887807A1 EP20702231.0A EP20702231A EP3887807A1 EP 3887807 A1 EP3887807 A1 EP 3887807A1 EP 20702231 A EP20702231 A EP 20702231A EP 3887807 A1 EP3887807 A1 EP 3887807A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component
- virtual
- area
- model
- data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004886 head movement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 chromium-aluminum-yttrium compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011365 complex material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/8422—Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
- C23C28/022—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer with at least one MCrAlX layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8803—Visual inspection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/81—Modelling or simulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/8422—Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method
- G01N2021/8427—Coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/8422—Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method
- G01N2021/8427—Coatings
- G01N2021/8433—Comparing coated/uncoated parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
- G01N2021/8854—Grading and classifying of flaws
- G01N2021/888—Marking defects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/9515—Objects of complex shape, e.g. examined with use of a surface follower device
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting, in particular for a visualization, a material formed from a first material coating of a component, in particular a machine, such as a fluid energy machine, according to claim 1.
- Blades are used in machines such as, for example, fluid energy machines, which can be designed, for example, as a gas turbine or also as an aircraft engine.
- a respective bucket is therefore a component of the machine.
- the respective blade or the respective blade should be able to withstand particularly large thermal and mechanical loads in order to be used particularly advantageously in the fluid energy machine designed, for example, as an engine.
- the respective blade in particular, for example, a gas turbine blade
- the respective blade is accordingly generally made of highly complex materials, for example in complex 3D geometries and with complex cooling air ducts.
- the complexity of the structure usually leads to particularly high overall manufacturing costs.
- the blade is usually provided with a plurality of protective layers which, after a certain amount of stress during operation of the fluid energy machine, have to be replaced by maintenance measures.
- refurbishment processes are carried out for renewing the protective layers of the blade.
- a process which consists for example of chemical or electro-chemical etching, sandblasting and grinding, whereby the individual process steps can be repeated several times, old layers or layer remnants of the protective layers removed from the blade.
- the layer comprises, for example, a ceramic and an adhesion promoter, which connects the ceramic to the blade, which is formed in particular from a metallic material.
- the skilled worker generally removes at least the ceramic part of the residual layer or coating by sandblasting.
- the bonding agent usually has to be removed by etching.
- the in particular metallic material of the component that is to say the blade, generally has cobalt, which turns blue when heat-treated or when heated.
- the layer or the layer remnants change color, in particular, for example, due to the material contained in the layer, which has MCrAlY, where M stands for any metal and the rest denotes chrome-aluminum-yttrium.
- This heat treatment is referred to as heat tint in English due to the blue coloring of the material of the base body of the component, ie the blade. This heat tint clearly shows where there are still layers on the blade. This allows the skilled worker to remove this residual layer when reworking.
- This heat-tint process is a reliable indicator for the detection of residual layers in the visual inspection.
- this he-at-tint process is particularly time and energy consuming, so that its implementation significantly lengthens the refurbishment processes and at the same time, particularly due to the energy required for this, a particularly large cost factor when refurbishing the blade or the component entails.
- the heat tint does not provide a reliable indication of the thickness of the layer residues, so that the skilled worker has no idea how much he has to remove.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method by means of which layers of a first material on a component, the base body of which is made of a second material, can be detected particularly advantageously, so that machining of the component can be carried out particularly efficiently .
- a method according to the invention is used for detecting, for example for a subsequent visualization, a coating of a construction formed from a first material.
- a first material partly which is in particular a component of a machine such as a fluid energy machine and which we at least a first sub-area in which a base body of the component with the coating formed from a second material different from the first material is seen.
- the component also has at least one adjoining the first partial region, the second partial region in which the base body is free of the coating or the first material.
- the coating or the first material of the component which is in particular part of a machine, in particular as a blade, for example for a gas turbine, can be detected particularly advantageously, by means of a detection device, at least one having at least a first wavelength, of which the first partial area of the component reflects first electromagnetic radiation and a second electromagnetic radiation, in particular at least one second wavelength that is different from the first wavelength, is detected and reflected by the second partial area of the component.
- the detection device can be, for example, a camera device which is in particular designed to capture a particularly large part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which in particular extends beyond the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is visible to the human eye.
- the wavelength range that can be detected in particular by the detection device can be selected such that the reflection property of the first material differs from the reflection property of the second material.
- the detection device may, for example, itself have a suitable light source or source of the electromagnetic radiation, by means of which the component can be illuminated, for example by the detection device, so that the electromagnetic radiation reflected by the lighting, for example, is detected.
- first data which characterize the first electromagnetic radiation and thus the first partial area of the component and second data which characterize the second electromagnetic radiation and thus the second partial area of the component are generated.
- this picture is now evaluated for generating the data with a view to characterizing the at least a first partial area and the at least a second partial area.
- the first part which has the first material with different reflection properties from the second material, can be assigned a first color
- the second part which is free of the first material, can be assigned a second color.
- the data are determined, for example, by a mathematical processing of the, in particular digital, recording of the detection device, so that the data can be kept for example as a false color image of the recording.
- a binary coding can be used to clearly differentiate between the at least one first partial area and the at least one second partial area by assigning a first color to the first partial area and a second color to the second partial area.
- a limit value is specified for the creation of the data if both the first material and the second material can be detected in a partial area by the detection device, so that this partial area is clearly one of the first partial areas or the first partial area or clearly that at least can be assigned to one of the second partial areas or the second partial area.
- a virtual, three-dimensional model of the component is generated as a function of the data, so that the virtual model has a virtual first area corresponding to the first partial area and a virtual second partial area corresponding to the second partial area.
- an already existing three-dimensional model of the component such as a CAD model (CAD, computer-aided design, in German computer-aided design) is used, which for an inverse projection as the projection surface of the data, which, for example as a false color image is used.
- CAD model computer-aided design, in German computer-aided design
- the already existing three-dimensional CAD model is fused with the data by fusion, in particular data fusion.
- the method according to the invention is based in particular, for example, on a combination of an, in particular digitized, imaging method, in which, in particular, the detection device is involved, with an, in particular mathematical, machine vision through which the data, that is to say the first data and the second data, on the basis of which the results of the imaging method can be generated.
- These data are corrected or combined with the shape or design or the three-dimensional characteristics of the component, or combined in such a way that a, in particular three-dimensional, model of the virtual component can be generated, which can be made visible or recognizable where there are particles or deposits or coatings of the first material on the base body of the component formed by the second material.
- the virtual component in particular for the machining or reworking of the component, for example by a skilled worker, in particular if the component is a blade or a component of a fluid energy machine, such as a gas turbine, the virtual component can be used in a variety of ways can be made visible by configurations of the method according to the invention described later.
- the method can also be summarized, for example, with the following steps:
- a first step the component is recorded, in particular digitally, by the imaging method, which enables a clear distinction between the base material and the coating.
- the imaging method which enables a clear distinction between the base material and the coating.
- the first type of material or the first material can be distinguished from the second type of material or the second material by the imaging method, for which purpose hyper-spectral imaging can be used, for example, as the imaging method.
- this digital image acquisition or acquisition can be used from different directions, for example, in order to be able to record a component surface as a whole.
- a false color image with a particularly large contrast between, in particular by mathematical processing of the digital image recording or the electromagnetic radiation detected by the detection device is then first.
- Base material and coating i.e. between the second material and the first material.
- the contrast is advantageously selected so that the digital image can be converted into a binary mask for displaying the partial areas, that is to say the residual layer locations, by means of a sound separation.
- this false color image or the mask which is designed in particular as a binary mask, is projected onto the CAD model of the, in particular measured, component, the projection being in particular an inverse projection.
- This means that the, in particular two-dimensional, image of the detection device or the mask obtained therefrom and / or the false color image are projected onto the three-dimensional body of the CAD model.
- This allows the mask or the data that the first and / or the second data include region assignments, ie respective first and respective second partial areas, are assigned to a 3D coordinate triplet of the CAD model.
- the previous 2D pixel can now be located in a 3D surface of the CAD model that can be represented, for example, by an electronic computing device.
- the inverse projection or the generation of the virtual three-dimensional model of the component which makes the corresponding sub-areas of the component visible with the respective materials, results in a data fusion of the geometric shape description and pictorial surface property, whereby the false colors or region affiliation shows whether or not this corresponds to the point of the CAD model of a residual layer or a coating and thus the first material is present or not.
- the generated model can essentially be understood as a texture assignment for the CAD model.
- the electromagnetic radiation reflected by the at least one first partial area and the second electromagnetic radiation reflected by the at least one second partial area, that is to say from a recording are recorded and the corresponding further implementation is carried out of the method as a rule several times, so that several images or recordings of the electromagnetic radiation are taken of the component, in particular in order to be able to completely record the surface of the component, the recording being made from different views.
- the detection device is pivoted around the construction part, for example, and makes a detection in several different positions relative to the component.
- the recordings or recordings are usually listed so that at least between two neighboring overlaps are present so that the surface of the component can be put together particularly advantageously.
- Each image thus provides a texture fragment for the model to be generated, and the entirety of these fragments or the data obtained from them can produce a complete texture layer for the part of the component or component surface that is of particular interest, and thus a workpiece surface.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that a model, for example in the form of a CAD model, of the component can be provided which has information-bearing, complete textures which, on the basis of the data obtained by the method, that is to say at least the first and the second Data that may be collected may include.
- the thus obtained, virtual, three-dimensional model is suitable in a particularly advantageous manner, for example the skilled worker who has to carry out further processing of the component, in a particularly advantageous manner information about positions of the base body formed on the second material of the construction part to provide the first material.
- a refurbishment process for components of a fluid energy machine such as blades of the fluid energy machine exposed to particularly high temperatures, can be refurbished or repaired in a particularly energy-saving and time-saving manner.
- a further advantage of the method according to the invention can be that costs for machining the component can be kept particularly low.
- the virtual model is at least partially displayed by means of an electronic display device such that the virtual first area of the model corresponding to the first partial area, in particular in a first way, and the virtual second Be corresponding to the second partial area of the virtual model, especially one of the first type different second type, from each other under different types that are visually perceptible to the human eye in particular.
- the component can be processed, in particular by a skilled worker and / or a machine.
- the at least partial display of the virtual model or at least the virtual first area or the virtual second area results in the advantage that processing, in particular in the form of a person, in particular the skilled worker, is particularly simple and / or particularly fast a post-treatment or reprocessing of the component, in particular a fluid energy machine, can be made possible.
- the first type can be a first texture of the model, in particular a CAD model
- the second type is a second texture of the model that is different from the first texture.
- the textures or the types can, for example, be displayed on a display device designed as a screen, so that the skilled worker, in particular comfortably and in particular in particular while he is working on the component, for example blasting or grinding, the correct places or regions, in particular the at least one first Part area of the component, can see.
- the types which are optically perceptible can differ from one another with respect to the respective colors of the regions.
- the first color for the first type can preferably represent a special contrast in comparison to the second color for the second type, so that, for example, the coating formed by the first material and the second material different from the first material is formed by the skilled worker - th base body of the component can be displayed particularly advantageously.
- the virtual model is displayed on an electronic screen as a display device.
- a screen as the display device, the virtual model can be displayed in a particularly simple and therefore cost-effective manner, so that processing of the component can be carried out particularly efficiently.
- the display direction is designed to be carried on a head of a person, so that at least one of the areas of the virtual model is represented by at least one eye of the person by means of a display element of the display device.
- the display device is designed as a visual output device worn on the head, and the display device can have, for example, a holding element which holds the display element relative to the person's head thereon.
- the holding element can be, for example, a band and / or a temple and / or an at least partially designed helmet shell.
- the display element comprises, for example, a screen, which can in particular be transparent, semi-transparent and / or opaque. Additionally or alternatively, the display element can be designed such that it includes, for example, a small projector which can project an image directly onto a retina of the eye. This is a so-called light field display or a virtual retina display.
- the display device can be designed, for example, as a so-called head-mounted display or helmet-mounted display, where a head-mounted display can be, for example, data glasses, in particular AR glasses and / or VR glasses.
- the holding element can, for example, be a head holder, so that the display element particularly follows most, in particular all, head movements of a wearer.
- the display device can be provided with sensors in order to detect the head movements of the wearer.
- the wearer can capture visual impressions which, in particular completely, are isolated from an environment, so that, for example, the virtual model can be captured in a virtual space. This is done, for example, particularly advantageously with VR glasses, VR being a virtual reality in which the wearer of the display device is immersed.
- the skilled worker or person who wears such VR glasses does not see the actual component due to the lack of transparency of the display element.
- AR glasses for example, with a light field display or with a transparent or semi-transparent display or a similar display option, which in particular has a sensor system for detecting the wearer's head movements, there is the possibility that at least the first virtual area and / or the second virtual area Be rich or the respective type can be represented in such a way that it appears to the wearer of the AR glasses or to the skilled worker as if he were directly on the component actually in the field of vision of the wearer or skilled worker.
- augmented reality glasses which means an augmented reality, that means that with the aid of the display device, objects that are actually in the field of view of the viewer are superimposed with additional objects that are in the field of vision of the user customized information instead.
- the first type or the second type and thus information about the first or the second sub-area are faded in directly on the component, or the impression arises for the wearer of the display device that the component actually has, for example, a color change which is the first Material marked, entry. If the method is carried out in such a way that the data are available in quasi real time, the virtual areas can be updated accordingly in quasi real time.
- the display device designed to be carried on the head and the possibility given thereby of viewing the, in particular virtual image, the actual reality by means of augmented reality or completely in a virtual space by means of virtual reality
- the skilled worker is able, for example, to For example, the coatings to be removed or reworked or coating residues and thus the first material to be calibrated particularly advantageously on the base body of the component formed from the second material.
- At least one projector device projects at least one of the areas of the virtual model directly, in particular optically, onto the part area of the component corresponding to the area.
- the at least one projection device projects an image which contains information about the partial areas contains, for example, the first type or the second type, on the surface, in particular workpiece surface, of the component.
- the surface thereof is generally matt and particularly bright, so that the surface can be suitable as a screen for a projection.
- the curved component surface must be factored in, in particular by mathematical equalization or distortion, so that the texture and / or the color as the first type of the first area and / or the second Type of the second area can be displayed correctly.
- the texture is transferred from the virtual, three-dimensional model, that is to say the textured CAD model, to the real three-dimensional surface of the component by optical projection, that is to say a textured component is virtually projected.
- the data are determined by machine vision, in particular by means of a computer vision routine.
- machine vision is in particular computer-assisted, that is to say that objects such as the first material or the second material, for example in a receptacle of the detector device, can be detected by means of an electronic computing device.
- a blade in particular a moving blade, sliding blade and / or inlet blade, is used as the component for a fluid energy machine, such as a gas turbine or an engine.
- the second material has cobalt.
- the use of blades as a construction part gives the method the advantage that particularly complex components can be reprocessed in a particularly simple manner. For example, it is possible to save costs particularly well.
- the use of cobalt as a particular component of an alloy, which at least comprises the second material results in the possibility that electromagnetic radiation of a characteristic wavelength can be reflected.
- the first material has a ceramic and / or an adhesion promoter and / or MCrAlY, that is to say a chromium-aluminum-yttrium compound with metal.
- a ceramic and / or the adhesion promoter and / or the MCrAlY means that the first material can be made particularly sensitive to heat, for example, so that the component can be used particularly advantageously, for example, as a component of a fluid energy machine.
- the method is suitable in a particularly advantageous manner as to be able to use at least part of a refurbishment process in the reconditioning of blades for fluid energy machines, as a result of which the refurbishment processes can be carried out particularly advantageously.
- the electromagnetic radiation is detected by at least one spectral recording.
- a hyperspectral camera device is used as the detection device.
- the detection device is designed, for example, as a sensor system which can record recordings of a very large number, in particular closely spaced wavelengths, of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- the detection device is designed to show different wavelengths in a different wavelength range on a plurality of channels.
- the hyper spectral recording can include information in a wavelength range that extends from the hard ultraviolet range to a long-wave infrared wavelength range.
- the reflection property can be determined for a large number of different wavelengths, so that both the first material and the second material can be recognized in a particularly advantageous manner for creating the first data and / or the second data.
- This has the advantage for the method that the determination of the respective partial areas or of the respective materials can be carried out particularly precisely.
- At least one tool path for a tool for machining the component is calculated on the basis of the virtual model.
- the tool is a grinding or blasting tool which is designed to separate or remove the coating or the first material from the second material.
- the display of the model can be omitted and everything can be done internally, for example, in an electronic computer. direction are generated or calculated.
- the single figure shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for detecting a coating of a component formed from a first material.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram for a method for detecting a coating 12 of a component 10 formed from a first material, in particular a machine, such as a fluid energy machine, which has at least a first partial area 14, in which one of one of the first material differing second material formed base body of the component 10 is provided with the coating 12, and has at least one adjoining the first section 14 second section 16, in which the base body of the construction part 10 is free of the coating 12.
- a machine such as a fluid energy machine
- the method comprises several steps:
- first step S1 one of the first partial area 14 of the component is made by means of a detection device 18 10 reflected first electromagnetic radiation 20 and a second electromagnetic radiation 20 reflected by the second partial area 16 of the component 10.
- the first electromagnetic radiation 20 has, for example, at least at least one first wavelength.
- the second electromagnetic radiation 20 has at least one second wavelength different from the first wavelength.
- first data 22, which characterize the first electromagnetic radiation 20 and the first partial area 14, and second data 24, which characterize the second electromagnetic radiation 20 and the second partial area 16, are generated.
- the data 22, 24 can be determined in an advantageous manner by machine vision, in particular by a computer vision routine. For example, a false color, for example of the electromagnetic radiation 20 detected in particular in a hyperspectral recording, is initially processed as an intermediate stage, for which purpose the detection device 18 is advantageously designed as a spectral recording device.
- a false color image with maximum contrast between the second material, ie the base material of the component 10, and the first material, ie the coating 12 of the component 10, is produced.
- a, in particular binary, mask can be created which, for example, a CAD model 26 (CAD: computer-aided design) later in a step S3 of the method.
- a virtual three-dimensional model 28 of the component 10 is generated as a function of the data 22, 24 such that the virtual model 28 has a virtual region 30 corresponding to the first partial region 14 and one with the second partial region 16 Corresponding, virtual second portion 32.
- the method is based on a combination of a digitized imaging method, such as, for example, the generation of a hyperspectral image by the detection device 18, with an, in particular mathematically based, computer vision routine, which can be carried out by machine vision in step S2 of the method .
- the virtual, three-dimensional model 28 of the component 10 can be represented in a visual manner, for example on a display device.
- the virtual model 28 is advantageously displayed at least partially by means of the electronic display device in such a way that the virtual first area 30 of the model 28 corresponding to the first partial area 14 in a first manner and that corresponding to the second partial area 16, virtual second area 32 of the virtual model is displayed in a second way which is different from the first type and thus different from one another and is visually perceptible to the human eye.
- a digital image, in particular a hyperspectral image, of the component 10 is generated by an imaging method, for example hyperspectral imaging, by means of the detection device 18, so that there is a clear distinction between the base material, i.e. the second material, and the Coating 12, ie the first material, is made possible.
- the method or the recording is preferably carried out from different viewing directions in order to record a component surface of component 10 as a whole.
- the data 22 and 24 are then created in step S2 of the method, so that the coating and the base body of the component 10 can be recorded separately in the model 28. This is done, for example, using the mask mentioned.
- an inverse projection of the mask onto the CAD model 26 can then take place, whereby from the in particular two-dimensional hyperspectral recording or the two-dimensional data 22, 24 on the CAD model 26, in particular the three-dimensional surface thereof.
- the corresponding value that is to say the type of representation, for example in the form of a color or a texture, can be stored for the data of the CAD model 26 for each pixel of the data 22 and 24, so that the previous 2D data 22 and 24 now located in the visible three-dimensional surface of the CAD model 26 who can, whereby the model 28 can be generated.
- the inverse projection brings about, so to speak, a data fusion of a geometric shape description, that is to say of the CAD model 26 and of image-acquired surface properties, which were detected by the detection device 18 in step S1.
- the false color representation creates a region that indicates whether a point of the CAD model is coated by the coating or not, preferably by means of a texture assignment for the CAD model 26 in the model 28.
- each image or each hyperspectral image provides a texture fragment for the surface of the component.
- the fragments are preferably recorded by the detection device 18 in such a way that they overlap at their edges, for example, so as to provide a complete texture layer, in particular for the part of the workpiece or the workpiece surface that is of interest to a specialist for reworking the component 10 and thus to obtain the component 10.
- the display device can be, for example, an electronic screen.
- the display device and / or a further display device is additionally or alternatively designed to be carried on a head of a person, so that by means of a display geelements of the display device at least one of the areas of the virtual model 28 is represented by at least one eye of the person.
- the display device to be worn on the head can be, for example, data glasses or a data helmet which, depending on the type of display, is suitable for presenting the complete virtual model 28 to the skilled worker in a virtual room or in a superimposed image with the actual one Component 10 to display the first region 30 and / or the second region 32 directly on the component 10 by using an expanded reality.
- a projector device can be used for the display of the model 28 or the at least partial display of the model 28, for example the display of the area 30 or 32, which directly adjusts the areas 30, 32 of the virtual model 28 optically projected on the partial area 14 or 16 of the component 10 corresponding to the area.
- the component 10 is a blade, in particular a rotor, guide and / or inlet blade, for a fluid energy machine, such as a gas turbine or an engine.
- the second material preferably has cobalt, so that, for example, on account of its reflection behavior in steps S1 to S3 carried out in an alloy, the second material can be detected particularly advantageously.
- the first material advantageously has a ceramic and / or an adhesion promoter and / or a metallic connection with chromium-aluminum-yttrium (MCrAlY). If the material has one of the components mentioned, it can be used particularly advantageously as a coating for a component 10 designed as a blade for a fluid energy machine, as a result of which the method relates to the reprocessing of turbines in a particularly advantageous manner. How fluid energy machines, especially for the heat resistance of their component 10, distinguishes, whereby time and / or costs can be saved in a particularly advantageous manner.
- the method presented which can be used as an imaging measurement method for the chemical composition of the workpiece surface of the component 10, can be used in a particularly advantageous manner, for example, the so-called heat tint, which, through intense heating, consumes the actual energy and time Color surface of the component 10, replaced.
- This also has the advantage that the surface of the component 10 is not changed by the method presented, that is to say there is no change in color, which may be desirable, for example
- the method allows a skilled worker to rework component 10 in a particularly advantageous manner.
- the created model 28 could, for example, also advantageously determine a tool path, for example for a grinding or blasting tool, so that in the future, for example, the finishing of the component 10 can be carried out fully automatically, in particular the removal of the coating 12
- the method 28 is created which, as a digital twin, can lead to an interface for a multitude of digital uses of the data 22, 24.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019201164.0A DE102019201164A1 (de) | 2019-01-30 | 2019-01-30 | Verfahren zum Erfassen einer aus einem ersten Werkstoff gebildeten Beschichtung eines Bauteils, insbesondere einer Maschine |
| PCT/EP2020/051165 WO2020156839A1 (de) | 2019-01-30 | 2020-01-17 | Verfahren zum erfassen einer aus einem ersten werkstoff gebildeten beschichtung eines bauteils, insbesondere einer maschine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3887807A1 true EP3887807A1 (de) | 2021-10-06 |
Family
ID=69326491
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20702231.0A Withdrawn EP3887807A1 (de) | 2019-01-30 | 2020-01-17 | Verfahren zum erfassen einer aus einem ersten werkstoff gebildeten beschichtung eines bauteils, insbesondere einer maschine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220099585A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3887807A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019201164A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020156839A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4647747A1 (de) * | 2024-05-07 | 2025-11-12 | RTX Corporation | System und verfahren zur erkennung des verschleisses von schaufelspitzen für luft- und raumfahrtkomponenten |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014115650A1 (de) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-04-28 | Witrins S.R.O. | Inspektionssystem und Verfahren zur Fehleranalyse |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6977650B2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2005-12-20 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Process for generating a computer image of a coated three-dimensional object |
| US20080111074A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2008-05-15 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Method for infrared imaging of substrates through coatings |
| DE102007044553B3 (de) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-26 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Bestimmen des Zustands eines Turbinenbauteil |
| US8300232B2 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2012-10-30 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Method of measuring coating thickness using infrared light |
| WO2011060404A1 (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-19 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Techniques for removing a contaminant layer from a thermal barrier coating and estimating remaining life of the coating |
| GB201001354D0 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2010-03-17 | Rolls Royce Plc | An apparatus and a method of determining the presence of an alumina layer on a component |
| US9310317B2 (en) * | 2012-01-25 | 2016-04-12 | The Boeing Company | Automated system and method for tracking and detecting discrepancies on a target object |
| US9599537B2 (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2017-03-21 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Internal inspection of machinery by stitched surface imaging |
| JP6141150B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-28 | 2017-06-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 皮膜の管理方法 |
| US20160086380A1 (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-03-24 | Invuity, Inc | Hyperspectral imager |
| US9575004B2 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-02-21 | The Boeing Company | Automated low cost method for illuminating, evaluating, and qualifying surfaces and surface coatings |
| CN104567679B (zh) * | 2015-01-08 | 2017-11-24 | 华中科技大学 | 一种涡轮叶片视觉检测的系统 |
| DE102015217166A1 (de) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-09 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von mindestens einer Oberflächeneigenschaft |
| US10232473B2 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2019-03-19 | General Electric Company | System and method for performing laser induced breakdown spectroscopy during laser ablation coating removal |
| JP6685777B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-09 | 2020-04-22 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 部材の検査装置及び部材の補修方法 |
| US10429657B1 (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2019-10-01 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Eye tracking for a head mounted display including a pancake lens block |
| US11010887B2 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2021-05-18 | General Electric Company | Automated distress ranking system |
-
2019
- 2019-01-30 DE DE102019201164.0A patent/DE102019201164A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-01-17 EP EP20702231.0A patent/EP3887807A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-01-17 WO PCT/EP2020/051165 patent/WO2020156839A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-01-17 US US17/425,363 patent/US20220099585A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014115650A1 (de) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-04-28 | Witrins S.R.O. | Inspektionssystem und Verfahren zur Fehleranalyse |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102019201164A1 (de) | 2020-07-30 |
| US20220099585A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
| WO2020156839A1 (de) | 2020-08-06 |
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