EP3871969A1 - Element for attaching a means for attaching a construction element intended for a ship - Google Patents

Element for attaching a means for attaching a construction element intended for a ship Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3871969A1
EP3871969A1 EP21158770.4A EP21158770A EP3871969A1 EP 3871969 A1 EP3871969 A1 EP 3871969A1 EP 21158770 A EP21158770 A EP 21158770A EP 3871969 A1 EP3871969 A1 EP 3871969A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fixing element
fastener
insulating material
wall
covering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21158770.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gary JACQUS
Pierre Leroy
Carole DURANTET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Isover SA France
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Isover SA France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Isover SA France filed Critical Saint Gobain Isover SA France
Publication of EP3871969A1 publication Critical patent/EP3871969A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/68—Panellings; Linings, e.g. for insulating purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0832—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/0833—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable
    • E04F13/0835—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements
    • E04F13/0837—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements extending completely through the covering elements

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is that of construction elements intended for ships. More particularly, the present invention relates to the field of construction elements used to separate different spaces of a ship.
  • the construction elements used must meet a number of criteria. These construction elements must thus ensure, on the one hand, thermal insulation of the spaces which they separate, and on the other hand, insulation and acoustic correction of these spaces.
  • the sound insulation properties are particularly important for the construction elements which delimit the engine rooms, that is to say the spaces in which, among other things, the propulsion engines of these ships are arranged. Indeed, such motors are particularly noisy and it is necessary to reduce as much as possible the noise pollution which they generate.
  • these construction elements must be resistant to fire, so that in the event of a fire breaking out, this fire is contained, thus limiting the damage caused, both to the ship itself and to the passengers of this ship. .
  • the construction elements currently used on these ships comprise at least one wall, for example a metal sheet, on which is fixed a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material.
  • a material is fixed to the metal wall by means of a plurality of hooking means, each of these hooking means comprising at least one rod integral with the metal wall and at least one fixing element, which can for example take the in the form of a washer and which, on the one hand, impales itself on the rod and, on the other hand, engages in the thermally and / or acoustically insulating material.
  • the thermally and / or acoustically insulating material is thus sandwiched between the metal wall and the washers of the various attachment means installed.
  • a disadvantage of these construction elements is the transmission of vibrations generating noise pollution.
  • the vibrations of the latter are transmitted to the metal wall, then to the rods integral with this metal wall and finally to the fastening elements impaled on these rods, the latter having a tendency to radiate the vibrations.
  • the transmission of these vibrations is amplified by an “acoustic bridge” effect.
  • the fixing element exerts a pressure on the thermal and / or acoustically insulating material which generates a point compression, that is to say in the extension of this fixing element, of this thermally insulating material and / or acoustically. This compression of the thermally and / or acoustically insulating material intensifies the transmission of vibrations from the ship by means of grip and therefore the resulting acoustic nuisance.
  • the sound of the ship's engines tends to radiate, causing the excitation of the metal wall, which also generates noise pollution.
  • this metal wall is sensitive to any aerial source, that is to say that there are a multitude of factors which can generate such noise pollution.
  • the present invention therefore aims to resolve at least the drawback mentioned above by proposing a hooking means, the fixing element of which is improved compared to the fixing elements currently used.
  • the present invention thus proposes a means of attachment which makes it possible, on the one hand, to limit the effect of "acoustic bridge" and, on the other hand, to dissipate at least in part the vibrations transmitted by the rod of this. means of grip, thus reducing noise pollution otherwise observed.
  • An object of the present invention thus relates to an element for fixing a hooking means intended to connect a layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material to a wall of a construction element of a ship, the fixing element comprising at least one material which has a Young's modulus of between 5kPa and 100MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%.
  • the Young's modulus E translates a stiffness of the material considered.
  • the measurement of the Young's modulus E can for example be carried out according to the ISO 18437 standard and according to the article of C. Langlois, R.Panneton, and N. Atalla: Polynomial relations for quasi-static mechanical characterization of isotropic poroelastic materials, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110 (6), 3032-3040 (2001 ).
  • the measuring device used is a “QMA” quasi-static mechanical analyzer developed by Mecanum.
  • the damping factor ⁇ for its part reflects the capacity of the material considered to absorb vibrations. It corresponds to a ratio between the energy dissipated in the form of heat and the elastic strain energy.
  • This damping factor ⁇ can be estimated using a rheometer by dynamic mechanical analysis “DMA” or any other suitable known device such as a quasi-static mechanical analyzer “QMA”. More precisely, its measurement can be carried out according to the standard and the article cited above with reference to the measurement of the Young E modulus.
  • DMA dynamic mechanical analysis
  • QMA quasi-static mechanical analyzer
  • the present invention provides a fastening element which has sufficient stiffness to ensure the structural function of the attachment means of which it is part, that is to say to hold together the various parts forming the element. construction, and a vibration dissipating capacity sufficient to reduce as much as possible the noise pollution generated by the vibrations generated during the use of the vessel.
  • the use of such materials makes it possible to limit the “acoustic bridge” effect otherwise observed and linked to the point compression of the thermally and / or acoustically insulating material at the level of the fixing element of the attachment means. .
  • the fixing element according to the invention makes it possible, compared to the fixing elements currently used, to reduce a pressure exerted by this fixing element on the insulating material, without reducing the mechanical strength of this insulating material on the insulating material. the building material.
  • the “acoustic bridge” effect is thus reduced and therefore the resulting acoustic nuisance as well.
  • the at least one material participating in forming the fixing element can have a damping factor of between 10% and 50%. Even more advantageously, this at least one material has a damping factor of between 20% and 30%.
  • the fixing element has a surface between 1250 mm 2 and 7860 mm 2 .
  • the fixing element has an area of between 2820 mm 2 and 5030 mm 2 .
  • the fixing element may have a circular shape, or a substantially circular shape.
  • the fixing element has a diameter of between 20 mm and 50 mm, advantageously between 30 mm and 40 mm.
  • the fixing element may have a parallelepipedal shape, for example rectangular, the area of which is between 1250 mm 2 and 7860 mm 2 , advantageously between 2820 mm 2 and 5030 mm 2 .
  • the fixing element comprises at least one material which has a Young's modulus of between 5 MPa and 100 MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%, this at least a material being a synthetic material.
  • this synthetic material can comprise at least one intumescent material.
  • this material can advantageously have a damping factor of between 10% and 50%. Even more advantageously, this material has a damping factor of between 20% and 30%.
  • the fixing element comprises at least a first part formed of a material which has a Young's modulus of between 50GPa and 250GPa and at least a second part formed of the material which has the Young's modulus included. between 5kPa and 100MPa and the damping factor between 5% and 100%.
  • the at least a first part can be formed by a material which has a Young's modulus of between 69GPa and 210GPa.
  • the at least a first part may for example comprise, for the most part, a metallic material and the at least a second part may for its part comprise, for the most part, a deformable material.
  • the deformable material can be mineral wool.
  • the deformable material can be chosen from any other flexible and damping, elastic or visco-elastic material.
  • the metallic material mainly forming the first part of the fixing element may for its part be steel or aluminum.
  • the first part and the second part forming the fixing element may for example each have a circular shape, this first part and this second part then being arranged concentrically.
  • the mineral wool forming, for the most part, the second part of the fixing element has a density less than or equal to 200 kg / m3, preferably between 20 kg / m3 and 90 kg / m3
  • the mineral wool can be chosen from glass wool, rock wool, or this mineral wool can consist of an assembly of these different wools.
  • the second part of the fixing element may comprise a mineral wool composed of both glass wool and rock wool.
  • Such a material is particularly suitable for use on a ship because it combines good insulating properties and low weight.
  • the metallic material forming, for the most part, the first part of the fixing element may for its part be steel or aluminum.
  • the first part of the fixing element and the second part of the fixing element are stacked one on top of the other.
  • the first part and the second part of the fixing element can have identical dimensions. In other words, an outline of the first part and an outline of the second part of the fixing element are then superimposed.
  • an opening is formed in the first part of the fixing element, the second part of the fixing element being arranged in the opening of the first part of this fixing element.
  • the opening made in the first part has dimensions complementary to the dimensions of the second part of the fixing element, that is to say that an outline of this second part is arranged in contact with a periphery. of the opening made in the first part.
  • the opening, and therefore the second part of the fixing element can be circular.
  • the present invention also relates to a means for attaching a layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material to a wall of a construction element intended for a ship, the attachment means comprising at least one rod and the at least one fixing element as mentioned above, the fixing element comprising at least one recess adapted to receive, at least partially, the rod.
  • the rod can be made of a metallic material.
  • the attachment means may comprise at least one covering element which covers, at least partially, the fixing element, this at least one covering element comprising, for the most part, a synthetic material.
  • the synthetic material can be plastic. Provision can also be made for the covering element to include an intumescent material in order to meet the fire-fighting standards in force in shipbuilding.
  • This covering element has two advantageous functions. On the one hand, this covering element has an aesthetic function, by hiding the fixing element, and on the other hand, this covering element can make it possible to cover one end of the rod on which the fixing element is impaled. and which can protrude from this fixing element once this fixing element is actually impaled on the rod, this covering element thus ensuring protection of the passengers of the ship.
  • the present invention further relates to a construction element for a ship, comprising at least one wall, at least one layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material, the insulating material being fixed to the wall by means of at least one hooking means as mentioned above.
  • the layer of insulating material is fixed to the wall by means of a plurality of attachment means according to the invention.
  • the wall can be a metal wall. According to a particular example of the invention, provision can be made for the rod of the attachment means and the metal wall to be made of the same material.
  • the rod and the metal wall can then form a one-piece assembly, that is to say a single assembly which cannot be separated without causing deterioration of the rod and / or of the metal wall.
  • the rod could be attached to the wall, by any known means compatible with the present invention.
  • the layer of thermally and / or acoustically insulating material is at least partially covered with a covering material, the rod of the attachment means being integral with the wall and passing through the layer of thermally insulating material. and / or acoustically and the covering material, the fixing element of the hooking means being arranged in contact with the covering material.
  • the covering material can be a metal foil or a heavy membrane.
  • the metal foil can be aluminum foil.
  • the heavy membrane may for its part be formed, for the most part, of a synthetic material, for example a plastic, this heavy membrane forming an acoustic insulation membrane which comes in addition to the insulating material.
  • this heavy membrane has a thickness greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and a density greater than or equal to 3 kg / m 2 .
  • the present invention finally relates to a ship comprising at least one construction element as mentioned above.
  • This construction element can for example be used to separate two spaces of the ship.
  • insulating material and “thermally and / or acoustically insulating material” will be used without distinction.
  • the figure 1 firstly illustrates a construction element 100 intended to partition different spaces of a ship, this construction element 100 being shown in a longitudinal section, that is to say a section taken along a plane P1 in which s' inscribes a main axis of extension X of this construction element 100, this plane P1 also being perpendicular to a plane P2 in which the construction element 100 predominantly extends.
  • a construction element 100 comprises at least one wall 110, to which is fixed at least one layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material 120, this layer of insulating material 120 being covered, at least partially with a covering material 130.
  • the layer of thermally and / or acoustically insulating material 120 and the covering material 130 are fixed to the wall 110 thanks to at least one attachment means 200 according to the invention, advantageously thanks to a plurality of attachment means 200.
  • the covering material 130 may for example be a metal foil, for example an aluminum foil.
  • the covering material 130 can be a heavy membrane, that is to say a membrane comprising, mainly, a synthetic material, for example a plastic, this heavy membrane being configured to improve the sound insulation of the element. of construction 100 as well got.
  • this heavy membrane may for example have a thickness greater than or equal to 1.5 mm thick, and a density greater than or equal to 3 kg / m 2 .
  • Such a heavy membrane is for example used to delimit the spaces of the ship in which the acoustic constraints are the most important, for example in the engine room.
  • the hooking means 200 illustrated on figure 1 more particularly each comprise at least one rod 210 which emerges from the wall 110 and at least one fixing element 220 which is impaled on the rod 210.
  • the rod 210 extends along an extension line.
  • main Y which is inscribed in the first plane P1 and which is perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, to the main axis of extension X of the construction element 100.
  • Each rod 210 thus passes through the layer of thermally and / or acoustically insulating material 120 and the covering material 130.
  • the fixing element 220 for its part bears against this covering material 130, thus blocking the layer of insulating material 120 and the covering material 130 against the wall 110.
  • the layer of insulating material 120 and the covering material 130 are sandwiched between the wall 110 and the fixing element 220 of the hooking means 200.
  • the material 120 insulation present
  • this recess 121 is linked to a pressure exerted by the fastening element 220 on the layer of insulating material 120, this pressure allowing the mechanical maintenance of the layer of insulating material 120 against the wall 110.
  • the construction element 100 comprises a plurality of hooking means 200, identical to each other, so that the layer of insulating material 120 and the covering material 130 are taken sandwiched between the wall 110 and a plurality of fixing elements 220, thus ensuring lasting fixing.
  • the layer of insulating material 120 thus has as many recesses 121 as the construction element 100 comprises hooking means 200.
  • the hooking means 200 implemented in the construction element 100 illustrated, thus have at least one structural function and participate in maintaining the construction element 100.
  • a covering element 221 can be arranged on the fixing element 220, as a covering thereof.
  • this covering element 221 can be made, for the most part, in a synthetic material, for example a plastic. It will be understood that this covering element 221 has a shape and dimensions complementary to the shape and dimensions of the fixing element 220.
  • This covering element 221 has, on the one hand, an aesthetic function by hiding the element of fixing 220, and on the other hand a function of securing the assembly.
  • the covering element 221 thus forms, in addition to its aesthetic function, a means of protecting the passengers of the ship.
  • the rods 210 of the attachment means 200 may form a single unit with the wall 110, that is to say an assembly which cannot be separated without causing damage. of the wall 110 or of at least one of the rods 210.
  • the rods 210 of the hooking means 200 and the wall 110 are then made of the same material.
  • the rods 210 of the hooking means 200 and the wall 110 can be made of metal.
  • the wall 110 may for example consist of a metal sheet. It is understood that this is only an exemplary embodiment which does not limit the present invention.
  • these rods 210 can be made integral with the wall 110, for example by welding, or by means of attachment means such as screws. According to this alternative, the rods 210 and the wall 110 can be made from the same material, for example a metal, or from two different materials without departing from the context of the present invention.
  • the fixing element 220 comprises at least one material of which a Young's modulus is between 5 kPa and 100 MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%.
  • this at least one material has a damping factor of between 10% and 50%.
  • this at least one material has a damping factor of between 20% and 30%.
  • Young's modulus reflects a stiffness of the material considered.
  • the damping factor for its part reflects the capacity of the material considered to absorb vibrations.
  • the measurement of the Young's modulus E can for example be carried out according to the ISO 18437 standard and according to the article of C. Langlois, R.Panneton, and N.
  • Atalla Polynomial relations for quasi-static mechanical characterization of isotropic poroelastic materials, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110 (6), 3032-3040 (2001 ).
  • the measuring device used is a “QMA” quasi-static mechanical analyzer developed by Mecanum.
  • the damping factor ⁇ for its part reflects the capacity of the material considered to absorb vibrations. It corresponds to a ratio between the energy dissipated in the form of heat and the elastic strain energy. The higher the damping factor, the greater the energy dissipated.
  • This damping factor ⁇ can be estimated using a rheometer by dynamic mechanical analysis “DMA” or any other suitable known device such as a quasi-static mechanical analyzer “QMA”. More precisely, its measurement can be carried out according to the standard and the article cited above with reference to the measurement of Young's modulus.
  • such values give the fastening element 220 according to the invention both sufficient mechanical strength to ensure its structural role of maintaining the layer of insulating material 120 against the wall 110 and an absorption capacity. frequencies generated by the vibrations of the ship enabling it to improve the acoustic performance of the construction element 100 according to the invention compared to the construction elements currently used on ships. It is in fact understood that by absorbing the vibrations, the fixing element 220 prevents these vibrations from being transmitted to the air present in the space delimited by the construction element concerned, thus avoiding noise pollution.
  • this at least one material makes it possible to reduce an “acoustic bridge” effect, which otherwise accentuates these noise pollution.
  • the term “acoustic bridge effect” is understood to mean a phenomenon caused by the pressure exerted by the fixing elements 220 on the layer of insulating material 120 which results in a point compression, that is to say opposite each element of the insulation. fixing 220, of this layer of insulating material 120, and which tends to accentuate the transmission of vibrations from the ship to the environment of the construction element 100 concerned.
  • the fixing element 220 allows the structural maintenance of the construction element 100 by exerting on the layer of insulating material 120 a lower pressure than the fixing elements currently used, thus limiting the pressure. propagation of the vibrations generated and therefore the acoustic nuisances felt near the construction element concerned.
  • the fixing element 220 has an area of between 1250 mm 2 and 7860 mm 2 .
  • a surface of the fixing element 220 according to the invention is between 2820 mm 2 and 5030 mm 2 .
  • the fastening element 220 has a circular or substantially circular shape, and has a diameter D of between 20 mm and 50 mm, advantageously between 30 mm and 40 mm. It is understood that this is only an exemplary embodiment and that the fixing element 220 may have a different shape, without departing from the context of the present invention.
  • the fixing element 220 further comprises at least one recess 221 formed in its center 222 and adapted to be traversed, at least partially, by the rod of the hooking means.
  • the term “center” is understood to mean a point of the fixing element 220 equidistant from the set of points forming a contour 223 of this fixing element 220.
  • the fixing element 220 has at least one outer face 227 turned towards the space delimited by the construction element, once the fixing element 220 has been impaled on the rod of the corresponding hooking means and at least one inner face 228 facing the layer of insulating material when mounted on the rod.
  • the internal face 228 of the fixing element 220 has at least one protuberance, advantageously a plurality of protuberances, which forms one or more hook (s) adapted to engage this layer. of insulating material and / or on the covering material interposed between this layer of insulating material and the fixing element.
  • the fixing element 220 mainly comprises a synthetic material.
  • the at least one material exhibiting a Young's modulus of between 5 kPa and 100 MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%, advantageously between 10% and 50 %, even more preferably between 20% and 30% is a synthetic material.
  • the fixing element 220 according to the first exemplary embodiment mainly comprises a material which has a Young's modulus of between 5 MPa and 100 MPa.
  • the synthetic material predominantly forming the fixing element 220 may be a plastic.
  • the fixing element 220 according to the invention is intended to be installed on ships. This fastening element 220 must thus meet a certain number of criteria, and in particular in terms of fire safety.
  • this fastening element 220 can, optionally, comprise an intumescent material.
  • This second exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the fixing element comprises at least a first part 224 produced, for the most part, with a metallic material and at least a second part 225 made, for the most part, with a deformable material.
  • the first part 224 is made, for the most part, with a material which has a Young's modulus of between 50GPa and 250GPa and the second part 225 is itself made with at least one material.
  • the first part 224 can be produced, for the most part, with a material which has a Young's modulus of between 69GPa and 210GPa.
  • the metallic material can be steel or aluminum and the deformable material mineral wool or a combination of different types of mineral wool.
  • the mineral wool can be a glass wool, a rock wool or a combination of at least two of these wools. Provision can in particular be made for the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 to be made of a material comprising both glass wool and rock wool.
  • the first part 224 makes it possible to give the fixing element 220 sufficient mechanical strength - expressed by the Young's modulus as defined. above - and the second part 225 for its part confers on the fixing element 220 its properties of absorption of the vibrations generated by the use of the vessel - reflected by the damping factor as defined above.
  • the first part 224 and the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 are concentric.
  • the first part 224 and the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 are stacked one on top of the other, along a transverse axis T which passes through the recess 221 made in the center of the fixing element. fixing 220.
  • This transverse axis T is also coincident with the main extension line Y of the rod when the fixing element 220 is impaled on this rod.
  • the first part 224 of the fixing element 220 and the second part 225 of this fixing element 220 have equivalent dimensions.
  • a contour 224a of the first part 224 of the fastener 220 and a contour 225a of the second part 225 of the fastener 220 are superimposed.
  • the fastening element 220 is impaled on the rod of the fastening means by its second part 225.
  • the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 is arranged in contact with the metal foil or the heavy membrane which covers, at least partially, the layer of insulating material of the construction element, the first part 224 of this fixing element 220 being to her turned towards the space delimited by this element of construction.
  • the outer face 227 of the fixing element 220 is formed by a first face of the first part 224 of this fixing element 220 and the inner face 228 of the fixing element 220 is formed by a first face of the second part 225 of this fixing element 220, a second face of the first part 224 and a second face of the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 being turned towards each other and in contact with each other.
  • the covering element mentioned above is arranged so as to cover, at least partially, the first part 224 of this fixing element 220.
  • the covering element can be arranged so as to cover, both the first part 224 and the second part 225 of the fastener 220.
  • the first part 224 of the fixing element 220 surrounds the second part 225 of this fixing element 220.
  • an opening 226 is formed in the first part 224 of the fixing element 220, and the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 is received in this opening 226.
  • a contour 225a of the second part 225 of the fixing element has a shape and dimensions complementary to the shape and dimensions of a periphery 226a of the aperture 226.
  • the contour 225a of the second part 225 is thus arranged in contact with the periphery 226a of the aperture 226.
  • the opening 226 formed in the first part 224 of the fixing element 220 and the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 have circular shapes but it is understood that this is only an example of embodiment and that the opening 226 and the second part 225 could have another form without departing from the context of the present invention.
  • the outer face 227 and the inner face 228 of the fixing element 220 are identical, that is to say they are both formed at the same time by the first part 224 of the fixing element 220 and by the second part 225 of this fixing element 220.
  • the covering element mentioned above is arranged so as to cover, at least partially, the first part 224 and the second part of this fastening element 220.
  • the vibrations are transmitted from the metal wall, to the rod of the attachment means, and finally to the fixing element 220 of this attachment means. Since the rod is advantageously arranged in contact with the second part 225 of the fixing element 220, the vibrations generated by the use of the vessel are mainly transmitted to this second part 225 which is particularly suitable for absorbing these vibrations.
  • the fixing element 220 according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the “acoustic bridge” effect mentioned above. The noise pollution generated during the use of the vessel is thus very limited compared to the nuisance measured with a fastening element as currently implemented.
  • the present invention thus proposes a means for attaching a construction element intended for a ship which is improved compared to the attachment means currently used, in particular in terms of sound insulation, and to lower cost.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un élément de fixation (220) d'un moyen d'accroche (200) destiné à relier une couche d'un matériau isolant (120) thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement à une paroi (110) d'un élément de construction (100) d'un navire, l'élément de fixation (220) comprenant au moins un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 5kPa et 100MPa et au moins un matériau dont le facteur d'amortissement est compris entre 5% et 100%.The present invention relates to a fastening element (220) of a fastening means (200) for connecting a layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material (120) to a wall (110) of a fastening element. construction (100) of a ship, the fastener (220) comprising at least one material which has a Young's modulus of between 5kPa and 100MPa and at least one material with a damping factor of between 5% and 100%.

Description

Le domaine de la présente invention est celui des éléments de constructions destinés aux navires. Plus particulièrement, la présente invention se rapporte au domaine des éléments de construction utilisés pour séparer différents espaces d'un navire.The field of the present invention is that of construction elements intended for ships. More particularly, the present invention relates to the field of construction elements used to separate different spaces of a ship.

Dans ces navires, les éléments de construction utilisés doivent répondre à un certain nombre de critères. Ces éléments de construction doivent ainsi assurer, d'une part une isolation thermique des espaces qu'ils séparent, et d'autre part, une isolation et une correction acoustique de ces espaces. Les propriétés d'isolation acoustique sont particulièrement importantes pour les éléments de construction qui délimitent les salles des machines, c'est-à-dire les espaces dans lesquels sont agencés, entre autres, les moteurs de propulsion de ces navires. En effet de tels moteurs sont particulièrement bruyants et il est nécessaire de réduire au maximum les nuisances sonores qu'ils génèrent.In these ships, the construction elements used must meet a number of criteria. These construction elements must thus ensure, on the one hand, thermal insulation of the spaces which they separate, and on the other hand, insulation and acoustic correction of these spaces. The sound insulation properties are particularly important for the construction elements which delimit the engine rooms, that is to say the spaces in which, among other things, the propulsion engines of these ships are arranged. Indeed, such motors are particularly noisy and it is necessary to reduce as much as possible the noise pollution which they generate.

En outre, ces éléments de construction doivent être résistants au feu, de sorte qu'en cas de départ de feu, ce feu soit contenu, limitant ainsi les dommages causés, aussi bien au navire en lui-même qu'aux passagers de ce navire.In addition, these construction elements must be resistant to fire, so that in the event of a fire breaking out, this fire is contained, thus limiting the damage caused, both to the ship itself and to the passengers of this ship. .

Les éléments de construction actuellement mis en œuvre sur ces navires comprennent au moins une paroi, par exemple une tôle métallique, sur laquelle est fixé un matériau thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement isolant. Un tel matériau est fixé à la paroi métallique grâce à une pluralité de moyens d'accroche, chacun de ces moyens d'accroche comprenant au moins une tige solidaire de la paroi métallique et au moins un élément de fixation, qui peut par exemple prendre la forme d'une rondelle et qui vient, d'une part, s'empaler sur la tige et, d'autre part en prise dans le matériau thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement isolant. Le matériau isolant thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement est ainsi pris en sandwich entre la paroi métallique et les rondelles des différents moyens d'accroche installés.The construction elements currently used on these ships comprise at least one wall, for example a metal sheet, on which is fixed a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material. Such a material is fixed to the metal wall by means of a plurality of hooking means, each of these hooking means comprising at least one rod integral with the metal wall and at least one fixing element, which can for example take the in the form of a washer and which, on the one hand, impales itself on the rod and, on the other hand, engages in the thermally and / or acoustically insulating material. The thermally and / or acoustically insulating material is thus sandwiched between the metal wall and the washers of the various attachment means installed.

Un inconvénient de ces éléments de construction réside dans la transmission de vibrations génératrice de nuisances sonores. Par exemple, lorsque le navire est en service, les vibrations de ce dernier sont transmises à la paroi métallique, puis aux tiges solidaires de cette paroi métallique et enfin aux éléments de fixation empalés sur ces tiges, ces derniers ayant tendance à rayonner les vibrations. En outre la transmission de ces vibrations est amplifiée par un effet de « pont acoustique ». En effet, l'élément de fixation exerce une pression sur le matériau isolant thermique et/ou acoustiquement qui génère une compression ponctuelle, c'est-à-dire dans le prolongement de cet élément de fixation, de ce matériau isolant thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement. Cette compression du matériau isolant thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement intensifie la transmission des vibrations du navire au moyen d'accroche et donc les nuisances acoustiques qui en découlent.A disadvantage of these construction elements is the transmission of vibrations generating noise pollution. For example, when the ship is in service, the vibrations of the latter are transmitted to the metal wall, then to the rods integral with this metal wall and finally to the fastening elements impaled on these rods, the latter having a tendency to radiate the vibrations. In addition, the transmission of these vibrations is amplified by an “acoustic bridge” effect. Indeed, the fixing element exerts a pressure on the thermal and / or acoustically insulating material which generates a point compression, that is to say in the extension of this fixing element, of this thermally insulating material and / or acoustically. This compression of the thermally and / or acoustically insulating material intensifies the transmission of vibrations from the ship by means of grip and therefore the resulting acoustic nuisance.

En outre, le bruit des moteurs du navire tend à rayonner, entrainant l'excitation de la paroi métallique, ce qui génère également des nuisances sonores. D'une manière générale, cette paroi métallique est sensible à toute source aérienne, c'est-à-dire qu'il existe une multitude de facteurs qui peuvent générer de telles nuisances sonores.In addition, the sound of the ship's engines tends to radiate, causing the excitation of the metal wall, which also generates noise pollution. In general, this metal wall is sensitive to any aerial source, that is to say that there are a multitude of factors which can generate such noise pollution.

La présente invention vise donc à résoudre, au moins l'inconvénient évoqué ci-dessus en proposant un moyen d'accroche dont l'élément de fixation est amélioré par rapport aux éléments de fixation actuellement mis en œuvre. La présente invention propose ainsi un moyen d'accroche qui permet, d'une part, de limiter l'effet de « pont acoustique » et, d'autre part, de dissiper au moins en partie, les vibrations transmises par la tige de ce moyen d'accroche, réduisant ainsi les nuisances sonores autrement observées.The present invention therefore aims to resolve at least the drawback mentioned above by proposing a hooking means, the fixing element of which is improved compared to the fixing elements currently used. The present invention thus proposes a means of attachment which makes it possible, on the one hand, to limit the effect of "acoustic bridge" and, on the other hand, to dissipate at least in part the vibrations transmitted by the rod of this. means of grip, thus reducing noise pollution otherwise observed.

Un objet de la présente invention concerne ainsi un élément de fixation d'un moyen d'accroche destiné à relier une couche d'un matériau isolant thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement à une paroi d'un élément de construction d'un navire, l'élément de fixation comprenant au moins un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 5kPa et 100MPa et un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 5% et 100%.An object of the present invention thus relates to an element for fixing a hooking means intended to connect a layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material to a wall of a construction element of a ship, the fixing element comprising at least one material which has a Young's modulus of between 5kPa and 100MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%.

Le module de Young E traduit une raideur du matériau considéré.. La mesure du module d'Young E peut par exemple être réalisée selon la norme ISO 18437 et selon l'article de C. Langlois, R.Panneton, et N. Atalla : Polynomial relations for quasi-static mechanical characterization of isotropic poroelastic materials, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110(6), 3032-3040 (2001 ). L'appareil de mesure utilisé est un analyseur mécanique quasi statique « QMA » développé par Mecanum. Le facteur d'amortissement η traduit quant à lui la capacité du matériau considéré à absorber les vibrations. Il correspond à un ratio entre l'énergie dissipée sous forme de chaleur et l'énergie de déformation élastique. Plus le facteur d'amortissement est élevé, plus l'énergie dissipée est importante. Ce facteur d'amortissement η peut être estimé à l'aide d'un rhéomètre par analyse mécanique dynamique « DMA » ou de tout autre dispositif connu adéquat tel qu'un analyseur mécanique quasi statique « QMA ». Plus précisément, sa mesure peut être réalisée selon la norme et l'article cités plus haut en référence à la mesure du module de Young E.The Young's modulus E translates a stiffness of the material considered. The measurement of the Young's modulus E can for example be carried out according to the ISO 18437 standard and according to the article of C. Langlois, R.Panneton, and N. Atalla: Polynomial relations for quasi-static mechanical characterization of isotropic poroelastic materials, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110 (6), 3032-3040 (2001 ). The measuring device used is a “QMA” quasi-static mechanical analyzer developed by Mecanum. The damping factor η for its part reflects the capacity of the material considered to absorb vibrations. It corresponds to a ratio between the energy dissipated in the form of heat and the elastic strain energy. The higher the damping factor, the greater the energy dissipated. This damping factor η can be estimated using a rheometer by dynamic mechanical analysis “DMA” or any other suitable known device such as a quasi-static mechanical analyzer “QMA”. More precisely, its measurement can be carried out according to the standard and the article cited above with reference to the measurement of the Young E modulus.

Autrement dit, on comprend que la présente invention propose un élément de fixation qui présente une raideur suffisante pour assurer la fonction structurelle du moyen d'accroche dont il fait partie, c'est-à-dire maintenir ensemble les différentes pièces formant l'élément de construction, et une capacité dissipative des vibrations suffisante pour réduire au maximum les nuisances sonores engendrées par les vibrations générées lors de l'utilisation du navire. En outre, l'utilisation de tels matériaux, permet de limiter l'effet de « pont acoustique » autrement observé et lié à la compression ponctuelle du matériau isolant thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement au niveau de l'élément de fixation du moyen d'accroche. En effet, l'élément de fixation selon l'invention permet, par rapport aux éléments de fixation actuellement mis en œuvre, de réduire une pression exercée par cet élément de fixation sur le matériau isolant, sans diminuer la tenue mécanique de ce matériau isolant sur le matériau de construction. L'effet de « pont acoustique » est ainsi réduit et donc les nuisances acoustiques qui en découlent également.In other words, it is understood that the present invention provides a fastening element which has sufficient stiffness to ensure the structural function of the attachment means of which it is part, that is to say to hold together the various parts forming the element. construction, and a vibration dissipating capacity sufficient to reduce as much as possible the noise pollution generated by the vibrations generated during the use of the vessel. In addition, the use of such materials makes it possible to limit the “acoustic bridge” effect otherwise observed and linked to the point compression of the thermally and / or acoustically insulating material at the level of the fixing element of the attachment means. . In fact, the fixing element according to the invention makes it possible, compared to the fixing elements currently used, to reduce a pressure exerted by this fixing element on the insulating material, without reducing the mechanical strength of this insulating material on the insulating material. the building material. The “acoustic bridge” effect is thus reduced and therefore the resulting acoustic nuisance as well.

Avantageusement, on pourra prévoir que l'au moins un matériau participant à formant l'élément de fixation présente un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 10% et 50%. Encore plus avantageusement, cet au moins un matériau présente un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 20% et 30%.Advantageously, provision can be made for the at least one material participating in forming the fixing element to have a damping factor of between 10% and 50%. Even more advantageously, this at least one material has a damping factor of between 20% and 30%.

Selon une caractéristique de la présente invention, l'élément de fixation présente une surface comprise entre 1250 mm2 et 7860 mm2. Avantageusement, l'élément de fixation présente une surface comprise entre 2820 mm2 et 5030 mm2.According to one characteristic of the present invention, the fixing element has a surface between 1250 mm 2 and 7860 mm 2 . Advantageously, the fixing element has an area of between 2820 mm 2 and 5030 mm 2 .

Par exemple, l'élément de fixation peut présenter une forme circulaire, ou sensiblement circulaire. Selon cet exemple, l'élément de fixation présente un diamètre compris entre 20 mm et 50 mm, avantageusement entre 30 mm et 40 mm. Alternativement, l'élément de fixation peut présenter une forme parallélépipédique, par exemple rectangulaire, dont une aire est comprise entre 1250 mm2 et 7860 mm2, avantageusement, entre 2820 mm2 et 5030 mm2.For example, the fixing element may have a circular shape, or a substantially circular shape. According to this example, the fixing element has a diameter of between 20 mm and 50 mm, advantageously between 30 mm and 40 mm. Alternatively, the fixing element may have a parallelepipedal shape, for example rectangular, the area of which is between 1250 mm 2 and 7860 mm 2 , advantageously between 2820 mm 2 and 5030 mm 2 .

Selon un premier exemple de réalisation de la présente invention, l'élément de fixation comprend au moins un matériau qui présente un module d'Young compris entre 5MPa et 100MPa et un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 5% et 100%, cet au moins un matériau étant un matériau synthétique. Optionnellement, ce matériau synthétique peut comprendre au moins un matériau intumescent. Tel qu'évoqué ci-dessus, ce matériau peut avantageusement présenter un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 10% et 50%. Encore plus avantageusement, ce matériau présente un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 20% et 30%.According to a first embodiment of the present invention, the fixing element comprises at least one material which has a Young's modulus of between 5 MPa and 100 MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%, this at least a material being a synthetic material. Optionally, this synthetic material can comprise at least one intumescent material. As mentioned above, this material can advantageously have a damping factor of between 10% and 50%. Even more advantageously, this material has a damping factor of between 20% and 30%.

Selon un deuxième exemple de réalisation, l'élément de fixation comprend au moins une première partie formée d'un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 50GPa et 250GPa et au moins une deuxième partie formée du matériau qui présente le module de Young compris entre 5kPa et 100MPa et le facteur d'amortissement compris entre 5% et 100%. Avantageusement, l'au moins une première partie peut être formée par un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 69GPa et 210GPa. Selon ce deuxième exemple de réalisation, l'au moins une première partie peut par exemple comprendre, majoritairement, un matériau métallique et l'au moins une deuxième partie peut quant à elle comprendre, majoritairement, un matériau déformable. Par exemple, le matériau déformable peut être une laine minérale. Alternativement, le matériau déformable peut être choisi parmi n'importe quel autre matériau souple et amortissant, élastique ou visco-élastique. Le matériau métallique formant majoritairement la première partie de l'élément de fixation peut quant à lui être de l'acier ou de l'aluminium. Selon ce deuxième exemple de réalisation, la première partie et la deuxième partie formant l'élément de fixation peuvent par exemple présenter, chacune, une forme circulaire, cette première partie et cette deuxième partie étant alors agencées de manière concentrique. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la laine minérale formant, majoritairement, la deuxième partie de l'élément de fixation présente une densité inférieure ou égale à 200kg/m3, de préférence comprise entre 20kg/m3 et 90kg/m3According to a second exemplary embodiment, the fixing element comprises at least a first part formed of a material which has a Young's modulus of between 50GPa and 250GPa and at least a second part formed of the material which has the Young's modulus included. between 5kPa and 100MPa and the damping factor between 5% and 100%. Advantageously, the at least a first part can be formed by a material which has a Young's modulus of between 69GPa and 210GPa. According to this second exemplary embodiment, the at least a first part may for example comprise, for the most part, a metallic material and the at least a second part may for its part comprise, for the most part, a deformable material. For example, the deformable material can be mineral wool. Alternatively, the deformable material can be chosen from any other flexible and damping, elastic or visco-elastic material. The metallic material mainly forming the first part of the fixing element may for its part be steel or aluminum. According to this second exemplary embodiment, the first part and the second part forming the fixing element may for example each have a circular shape, this first part and this second part then being arranged concentrically. According to one characteristic of the invention, the mineral wool forming, for the most part, the second part of the fixing element has a density less than or equal to 200 kg / m3, preferably between 20 kg / m3 and 90 kg / m3

Plus particulièrement, la laine minérale peut être choisie parmi la laine de verre, la laine de roche, ou cette laine minérale peut consister en un assemblage de ces différentes laines. Par exemple, on pourra notamment prévoir que la deuxième partie de l'élément de fixation comprennent une laine minérale composée à la fois de laine de verre et de laine de roche. Un tel matériau est notamment particulièrement adapté à une utilisation sur un navire car il combine de bonnes propriétés isolantes et un poids faible. Le matériau métallique formant, majoritairement, la première partie de l'élément de fixation peut quant à lui être de l'acier ou de l'aluminium.More particularly, the mineral wool can be chosen from glass wool, rock wool, or this mineral wool can consist of an assembly of these different wools. For example, provision may in particular be made for the second part of the fixing element to comprise a mineral wool composed of both glass wool and rock wool. Such a material is particularly suitable for use on a ship because it combines good insulating properties and low weight. The metallic material forming, for the most part, the first part of the fixing element may for its part be steel or aluminum.

Selon une première variante de ce deuxième exemple de réalisation, la première partie de l'élément de fixation et la deuxième partie de l'élément de fixation sont empilées l'une sur l'autre. Avantageusement, la première partie et la deuxième partie de l'élément de fixation peuvent présenter des dimensions identiques. Autrement dit, un contour de la première partie et un contour de la deuxième partie de l'élément de fixation sont alors superposés.According to a first variant of this second exemplary embodiment, the first part of the fixing element and the second part of the fixing element are stacked one on top of the other. Advantageously, the first part and the second part of the fixing element can have identical dimensions. In other words, an outline of the first part and an outline of the second part of the fixing element are then superimposed.

Selon une deuxième variante de ce deuxième exemple de réalisation, un ajour est ménagé dans la première partie de l'élément de fixation, la deuxième partie de l'élément de fixation étant agencée dans l'ajour de la première partie de cet élément de fixation. Par exemple, l'ajour ménagé dans la première partie présente des dimensions complémentaires aux dimensions la deuxième partie de l'élément de fixation, c'est-à-dire qu'un contour de cette deuxième partie est agencé au contact d'un pourtour de l'ajour ménagé dans la première partie. Par exemple, l'ajour, et donc la deuxième partie de l'élément de fixation peuvent être circulaires.According to a second variant of this second exemplary embodiment, an opening is formed in the first part of the fixing element, the second part of the fixing element being arranged in the opening of the first part of this fixing element. . For example, the opening made in the first part has dimensions complementary to the dimensions of the second part of the fixing element, that is to say that an outline of this second part is arranged in contact with a periphery. of the opening made in the first part. For example, the opening, and therefore the second part of the fixing element can be circular.

La présente invention concerne également un moyen d'accroche d'une couche d'un matériau isolant thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement à une paroi d'un élément de construction destiné à un navire, le moyen d'accroche comprenant au moins une tige et au moins un élément de fixation tel qu'évoqué ci-dessus, l'élément de fixation comprenant au moins un évidement adapté pour recevoir, au moins partiellement, la tige. Par exemple, la tige peut être réalisée en un matériau métallique. Optionnellement, le moyen d'accroche peut comprendre au moins un élément de recouvrement qui recouvre, au moins partiellement, l'élément de fixation, cet au moins un élément de recouvrement comprenant, majoritairement, un matériau synthétique. Par exemple le matériau synthétique peut être du plastique. On pourra en outre prévoir que l'élément de recouvrement comprenne un matériau intumescent afin de répondre aux normes anti-incendie en vigueur dans les constructions navales. Cet élément de recouvrement présente deux fonctions avantageuses. D'une part, cet élément de recouvrement présente une fonction esthétique, en cachant l'élément de fixation, et d'autre part, cet élément de recouvrement peut permettre de recouvrir une extrémité de la tige sur laquelle est empalé l'élément de fixation et qui peut dépasser de cet élément de fixation une fois que cet élément de fixation est effectivement empalé sur la tige, cet élément de recouvrement assurant ainsi une protection des passagers du navire.The present invention also relates to a means for attaching a layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material to a wall of a construction element intended for a ship, the attachment means comprising at least one rod and the at least one fixing element as mentioned above, the fixing element comprising at least one recess adapted to receive, at least partially, the rod. For example, the rod can be made of a metallic material. Optionally, the attachment means may comprise at least one covering element which covers, at least partially, the fixing element, this at least one covering element comprising, for the most part, a synthetic material. For example the synthetic material can be plastic. Provision can also be made for the covering element to include an intumescent material in order to meet the fire-fighting standards in force in shipbuilding. This covering element has two advantageous functions. On the one hand, this covering element has an aesthetic function, by hiding the fixing element, and on the other hand, this covering element can make it possible to cover one end of the rod on which the fixing element is impaled. and which can protrude from this fixing element once this fixing element is actually impaled on the rod, this covering element thus ensuring protection of the passengers of the ship.

La présente invention concerne en outre un élément de construction destiné à un navire, comprenant au moins une paroi, au moins une couche d'un matériau isolant thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement, le matériau isolant étant fixé sur la paroi par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un moyen d'accroche tel qu'évoqué ci-dessus. Avantageusement, la couche de matériau isolant est fixée sur la paroi par l'intermédiaire d'une pluralité de moyens d'accroche selon l'invention. Par exemple, la paroi peut être une paroi métallique. Selon un exemple particulier de l'invention, on pourra prévoir que la tige du moyen d'accroche et la paroi métallique soient réalisées dans le même matériau. Optionnellement, la tige et la paroi métallique peuvent alors former un ensemble monobloc, c'est-à-dire un unique ensemble qui ne peut être séparé sans entrainer la détérioration de la tige et/ou de la paroi métallique. Alternativement, la tige eut être rapportée sur la paroi, par tout moyen connu et compatible avec la présente invention.The present invention further relates to a construction element for a ship, comprising at least one wall, at least one layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material, the insulating material being fixed to the wall by means of at least one hooking means as mentioned above. Advantageously, the layer of insulating material is fixed to the wall by means of a plurality of attachment means according to the invention. For example, the wall can be a metal wall. According to a particular example of the invention, provision can be made for the rod of the attachment means and the metal wall to be made of the same material. Optionally, the rod and the metal wall can then form a one-piece assembly, that is to say a single assembly which cannot be separated without causing deterioration of the rod and / or of the metal wall. Alternatively, the rod could be attached to the wall, by any known means compatible with the present invention.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la couche de matériau isolant thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement est au moins partiellement recouverte d'un matériau de recouvrement, la tige du moyen d'accroche étant solidaire de la paroi et traversant la couche de matériau isolant thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement et le matériau de recouvrement, l'élément de fixation du moyen d'accroche étant agencé au contact du matériau de recouvrement. Selon l'invention, le matériau de recouvrement peut être une feuille métallique ou une membrane lourde. Par exemple, la feuille métallique peut être une feuille d'aluminium. La membrane lourde peut quant à elle être formée, majoritairement, d'un matériau synthétique, par exemple un plastique, cette membrane lourde formant une membrane d'isolation acoustique qui vient en complément du matériau isolant. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, cette membrane lourde présente une épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 1,5 mm et une densité supérieure ou égale à 3kg/m2.According to one characteristic of the invention, the layer of thermally and / or acoustically insulating material is at least partially covered with a covering material, the rod of the attachment means being integral with the wall and passing through the layer of thermally insulating material. and / or acoustically and the covering material, the fixing element of the hooking means being arranged in contact with the covering material. According to the invention, the covering material can be a metal foil or a heavy membrane. For example, the metal foil can be aluminum foil. The heavy membrane may for its part be formed, for the most part, of a synthetic material, for example a plastic, this heavy membrane forming an acoustic insulation membrane which comes in addition to the insulating material. According to one characteristic of the invention, this heavy membrane has a thickness greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and a density greater than or equal to 3 kg / m 2 .

La présente invention concerne enfin un navire comprenant au moins un élément de construction tel qu'évoqué ci-dessus. Cet élément de construction peut par exemple être utilisé pour séparer deux espaces du navire.The present invention finally relates to a ship comprising at least one construction element as mentioned above. This construction element can for example be used to separate two spaces of the ship.

D'autres détails, caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront plus clairement à la lecture de la description détaillée donnée ci-après en relation avec les différents modes de fonctionnement illustrés, à titre indicatif, sur les figures suivantes :

  • [Fig. 1] est une représentation schématique, selon une coupe longitudinale, d'un élément de construction selon l'invention, destiné à un navire ;
  • [Fig. 2] est une représentation schématique, en perspective d'un élément de fixation selon un premier exemple de réalisation de la présente invention ;
  • [Fig. 3] est une représentation schématique, en perspective, de l'élément de fixation selon une première variante d'un deuxième exemple de réalisation de la présente invention ;
  • [Fig. 4] est une représentation schématique, de face, de l'élément de fixation selon une deuxième variante du deuxième exemple de réalisation de la présente invention.
Other details, characteristics and advantages will emerge more clearly on reading the detailed description given below in relation to the various operating modes illustrated, by way of indication, in the following figures:
  • [ Fig. 1 ] is a schematic representation, in longitudinal section, of a construction element according to the invention, intended for a ship;
  • [ Fig. 2 ] is a schematic representation, in perspective, of a fastening element according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
  • [ Fig. 3 ] is a schematic representation, in perspective, of the fixing element according to a first variant of a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
  • [ Fig. 4 ] is a schematic front view of the fixing element according to a second variant of the second embodiment of the present invention.

La description qui va suivre est donnée à titre indicatif et décrit différentes caractéristiques de la présente invention. Il est entendu que les caractéristiques décrites en référence aux différents exemples de réalisation illustrés dans le présent document peuvent être combinées entre elles sans sortir du contexte de la présente invention, dans la mesure où elles ne sont pas incompatibles entre elles. En outre les exemples donnés ci-après sont décrits pour une application sur un navire mais il est entendu que la présente invention ne se limite pas à une telle utilisation et que le moyen d'accroche décrit et illustré ici peut être utilisé sur n'importe quel type d'élément de construction présentant des contraintes de fabrication similaires à celles imposées dans les constructions navales sans sortir du contexte de la présente invention.The description which follows is given by way of indication and describes various characteristics of the present invention. It is understood that the characteristics described with reference to the various exemplary embodiments illustrated in the present document can be combined with one another without departing from the context of the present invention, insofar as they are not mutually incompatible. In addition, the examples given below are described for an application on a ship, but it is understood that the present invention is not limited to such use and that the attachment means described and illustrated here can be used on any what type of construction element having manufacturing constraints similar to those imposed in shipbuilding without departing from the context of the present invention.

Dans la suite de la description, les termes « matériau isolant » et « matériau thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement isolant » seront utilisés sans distinction.In the remainder of the description, the terms “insulating material” and “thermally and / or acoustically insulating material” will be used without distinction.

La figure 1 illustre tout d'abord un élément de construction 100 destiné à cloisonner différents espaces d'un navire, cet élément de construction 100 étant représenté selon une coupe longitudinale, c'est-à-dire une coupe réalisée selon un plan P1 dans lequel s'inscrit un axe d'extension principal X de cet élément de construction 100, ce plan P1 étant en outre perpendiculaire à un plan P2 dans lequel s'étend majoritairement l'élément de construction 100. Un tel élément de construction 100 comprend au moins une paroi 110, sur laquelle est fixée au moins une couche d'un matériau 120 thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement isolant, cette couche de matériau 120 isolant étant recouverte, au moins partiellement d'un matériau de recouvrement 130. Selon l'invention, la couche de matériau 120 thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement isolant et le matériau de recouvrement 130 sont fixés à la paroi 110 grâce à au moins un moyen d'accroche 200 selon l'invention, avantageusement grâce à une pluralité de moyens d'accroche 200.The figure 1 firstly illustrates a construction element 100 intended to partition different spaces of a ship, this construction element 100 being shown in a longitudinal section, that is to say a section taken along a plane P1 in which s' inscribes a main axis of extension X of this construction element 100, this plane P1 also being perpendicular to a plane P2 in which the construction element 100 predominantly extends. Such a construction element 100 comprises at least one wall 110, to which is fixed at least one layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material 120, this layer of insulating material 120 being covered, at least partially with a covering material 130. According to the invention, the layer of thermally and / or acoustically insulating material 120 and the covering material 130 are fixed to the wall 110 thanks to at least one attachment means 200 according to the invention, advantageously thanks to a plurality of attachment means 200.

Selon l'invention, le matériau de recouvrement 130 peut par exemple être une feuille métallique, par exemple une feuille d'aluminium. Alternativement, le matériau de recouvrement 130 peut être une membrane lourde, c'est-à-dire une membrane comprenant, majoritairement, un matériau synthétique, par exemple un plastique, cette membrane lourde étant configurée pour améliorer l'isolation acoustique de l'élément de construction 100 ainsi obtenu. Selon un exemple d'application de la présente invention, cette membrane lourde peut par exemple présenter une épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 1,5 mm d'épaisseur, et une densité supérieure ou égale 3kg/m2. Une telle membrane lourde est par exemple mise en œuvre pour délimiter les espaces du navire dans lesquels les contraintes acoustiques sont les plus importantes, par exemple en salle des machines.According to the invention, the covering material 130 may for example be a metal foil, for example an aluminum foil. Alternatively, the covering material 130 can be a heavy membrane, that is to say a membrane comprising, mainly, a synthetic material, for example a plastic, this heavy membrane being configured to improve the sound insulation of the element. of construction 100 as well got. According to an example of application of the present invention, this heavy membrane may for example have a thickness greater than or equal to 1.5 mm thick, and a density greater than or equal to 3 kg / m 2 . Such a heavy membrane is for example used to delimit the spaces of the ship in which the acoustic constraints are the most important, for example in the engine room.

Les moyens d'accroche 200 illustrés sur la figure 1 comprennent plus particulièrement, chacun, au moins une tige 210 qui émerge de la paroi 110 et au moins un élément de fixation 220 qui est empalé sur la tige 210. Tel qu'illustré, la tige 210 s'étend selon une droite d'extension principale Y qui s'inscrit dans le premier plan P1 et qui est perpendiculaire, ou sensiblement perpendiculaire, à l'axe d'extension principal X de l'élément de construction 100. Chaque tige 210 traverse ainsi, à la fois, la couche de matériau 120 thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement isolant et le matériau de recouvrement 130. L'élément de fixation 220 vient quant à lui en appui contre ce matériau de recouvrement 130, bloquant ainsi la couche de matériau 120 isolant et le matériau de recouvrement 130 contre la paroi 110. En d'autres termes, la couche de matériau 120 isolant et le matériau de recouvrement 130 sont pris en sandwich entre la paroi 110 et l'élément de fixation 220 du moyen d'accroche 200. Tel que schématiquement illustré, le matériau 120 isolant présente ainsi un renfoncement 121 en regard de l'élément de fixation 220. On comprend que ce renfoncement 121 est lié à une pression exercée par l'élément de fixation 220 sur la couche de matériau 120 isolant, cette pression permettant le maintien mécanique de la couche de matériau 120 isolant contre la paroi 110. Plus particulièrement, l'élément de construction 100 comprend une pluralité de moyens d'accroche 200, identiques entre eux, de sorte que la couche de matériau 120 isolant et le matériau de recouvrement 130 sont pris en sandwich entre la paroi 110 et une pluralité d'éléments de fixation 220, assurant ainsi une fixation pérenne. La couche de matériau 120 isolant présente ainsi autant de renfoncements 121 que l'élément de construction 100 comprend de moyens d'accroche 200. Les moyens d'accroche 200 mis en œuvre dans l'élément de construction 100 illustré, ont ainsi au moins une fonction structurelle et participent au maintien de l'élément de construction 100.The hooking means 200 illustrated on figure 1 more particularly each comprise at least one rod 210 which emerges from the wall 110 and at least one fixing element 220 which is impaled on the rod 210. As illustrated, the rod 210 extends along an extension line. main Y which is inscribed in the first plane P1 and which is perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, to the main axis of extension X of the construction element 100. Each rod 210 thus passes through the layer of thermally and / or acoustically insulating material 120 and the covering material 130. The fixing element 220 for its part bears against this covering material 130, thus blocking the layer of insulating material 120 and the covering material 130 against the wall 110. In other words, the layer of insulating material 120 and the covering material 130 are sandwiched between the wall 110 and the fixing element 220 of the hooking means 200. As schematically illustrated, the material 120 insulation present Thus there is a recess 121 facing the fastening element 220. It will be understood that this recess 121 is linked to a pressure exerted by the fastening element 220 on the layer of insulating material 120, this pressure allowing the mechanical maintenance of the layer of insulating material 120 against the wall 110. More particularly, the construction element 100 comprises a plurality of hooking means 200, identical to each other, so that the layer of insulating material 120 and the covering material 130 are taken sandwiched between the wall 110 and a plurality of fixing elements 220, thus ensuring lasting fixing. The layer of insulating material 120 thus has as many recesses 121 as the construction element 100 comprises hooking means 200. The hooking means 200 implemented in the construction element 100 illustrated, thus have at least one structural function and participate in maintaining the construction element 100.

Optionnellement, un élément de recouvrement 221 peut être agencé sur l'élément de fixation 220, en recouvrement de celui-ci. Par exemple, cet élément de recouvrement 221 peut être réalisé, majoritairement, en un matériau synthétique, par exemple un plastique. On comprend que cet élément de recouvrement 221 présente une forme et des dimensions complémentaires à la forme et aux dimensions de l'élément de fixation 220. Cet élément de recouvrement 221 présente, d'une part, une fonction esthétique en cachant l'élément de fixation 220, et d'autre part une fonction de sécurisation du montage. En effet, tel que représenté sur la figure 1, il est fréquent, lors de l'empalement de l'élément de fixation 220 sur la tige 210, qu'une extrémité de cette tige 210 s'étende au-delà de l'élément de fixation 220, en éloignement du matériau de recouvrement 130, générant alors un risque pour les passagers du navire qui pourraient se déplacer à proximité de ces éléments de construction 100. L'élément de recouvrement 221 forme ainsi, en plus de sa fonction esthétique, un moyen de protection des passagers du navire.Optionally, a covering element 221 can be arranged on the fixing element 220, as a covering thereof. For example, this covering element 221 can be made, for the most part, in a synthetic material, for example a plastic. It will be understood that this covering element 221 has a shape and dimensions complementary to the shape and dimensions of the fixing element 220. This covering element 221 has, on the one hand, an aesthetic function by hiding the element of fixing 220, and on the other hand a function of securing the assembly. Indeed, as represented on the figure 1 , it is common, during the impaling of the fixing element 220 on the rod 210, that one end of this rod 210 extends beyond the fixing element 220, away from the covering material 130, then generating a risk for the passengers of the ship who could move near these construction elements 100. The covering element 221 thus forms, in addition to its aesthetic function, a means of protecting the passengers of the ship.

Selon un exemple de réalisation de l'invention, on pourra prévoir que les tiges 210 des moyens d'accroche 200 forment un ensemble monobloc avec la paroi 110, c'est-à-dire un ensemble qui ne peut être séparé sans entrainer la détérioration de la paroi 110 ou d'au moins l'une des tiges 210. Selon cet exemple de réalisation, les tiges 210 des moyens d'accroche 200 et la paroi 110 sont alors réalisés dans le même matériau. Par exemple, les tiges 210 des moyens d'accroche 200 et la paroi 110 peuvent être réalisées en métal. Plus particulièrement, la paroi 110 peut par exemple consister en une tôle métallique. Il est entendu qu'il ne s'agit que d'un exemple de réalisation qui ne limite pas la présente invention.According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, provision may be made for the rods 210 of the attachment means 200 to form a single unit with the wall 110, that is to say an assembly which cannot be separated without causing damage. of the wall 110 or of at least one of the rods 210. According to this exemplary embodiment, the rods 210 of the hooking means 200 and the wall 110 are then made of the same material. For example, the rods 210 of the hooking means 200 and the wall 110 can be made of metal. More particularly, the wall 110 may for example consist of a metal sheet. It is understood that this is only an exemplary embodiment which does not limit the present invention.

Alternativement, ces tiges 210 peuvent être rendues solidaires de la paroi 110, par exemple par soudage, ou grâce à des moyens d'accroche tels que des vis. Selon cette alternative, les tiges 210 et la paroi 110 peuvent être réalisées dans le même matériau, par exemple un métal, ou dans deux matériaux distincts sans sortir du contexte de la présente invention.Alternatively, these rods 210 can be made integral with the wall 110, for example by welding, or by means of attachment means such as screws. According to this alternative, the rods 210 and the wall 110 can be made from the same material, for example a metal, or from two different materials without departing from the context of the present invention.

En référence aux figures 2 à 4 nous allons maintenant décrire plus en détails divers exemples de réalisation de l'élément de fixation 220 du moyen d'accroche 200 selon l'invention.With reference to figures 2 to 4 we will now describe in more detail various embodiments of the fixing element 220 of the hooking means 200 according to the invention.

Nous allons dans un premier temps décrire les caractéristiques communes à l'ensemble de ces exemples de réalisation avant de détailler les caractéristiques spécifiques à chacun d'eux.We will first describe the characteristics common to all of these exemplary embodiments before detailing the characteristics specific to each of them.

Ainsi, selon l'un quelconque des exemples de réalisation de la présente invention décrits ci-dessous, l'élément de fixation 220 comprend au moins un matériau dont un module de Young est compris entre 5kPa et 100MPa et un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 5% et 100%. Avantageusement, cet au moins un matériau présente un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 10% et 50%. Encore plus avantageusement, cet au moins un matériau présente un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 20% et 30%. Le module de Young traduit une raideur du matériau considéré. Le facteur d'amortissement traduit quant à lui la capacité du matériau considéré à absorber les vibrations. La mesure du module de Young E peut par exemple être réalisée selon la norme ISO 18437 et selon l'article de C. Langlois, R.Panneton, et N. Atalla : Polynomial relations for quasi-static mechanical characterization of isotropic poroelastic materials, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110(6), 3032-3040 (2001 ). L'appareil de mesure utilisé est un l'analyseur mécanique quasi statique « QMA » développé par Mecanum. Le facteur d'amortissement η traduit quant à lui la capacité du matériau considéré à absorber les vibrations. Il correspond à un ratio entre l'énergie dissipée sous forme de chaleur et l'énergie de déformation élastique. Plus le facteur d'amortissement est élevé, plus l'énergie dissipée est importante. Ce facteur d'amortissement η peut être estimé à l'aide d'un rhéomètre par analyse mécanique dynamique « DMA » ou de tout autre dispositif connu adéquat tel qu'un analyseur mécanique quasi statique « QMA ». Plus précisément, sa mesure peut être réalisée selon la norme et l'article cités plus haut en référence à la mesure du module de Young.Thus, according to any one of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention described below, the fixing element 220 comprises at least one material of which a Young's modulus is between 5 kPa and 100 MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%. Advantageously, this at least one material has a damping factor of between 10% and 50%. Even more advantageously, this at least one material has a damping factor of between 20% and 30%. Young's modulus reflects a stiffness of the material considered. The damping factor for its part reflects the capacity of the material considered to absorb vibrations. The measurement of the Young's modulus E can for example be carried out according to the ISO 18437 standard and according to the article of C. Langlois, R.Panneton, and N. Atalla: Polynomial relations for quasi-static mechanical characterization of isotropic poroelastic materials, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110 (6), 3032-3040 (2001 ). The measuring device used is a “QMA” quasi-static mechanical analyzer developed by Mecanum. The damping factor η for its part reflects the capacity of the material considered to absorb vibrations. It corresponds to a ratio between the energy dissipated in the form of heat and the elastic strain energy. The higher the damping factor, the greater the energy dissipated. This damping factor η can be estimated using a rheometer by dynamic mechanical analysis “DMA” or any other suitable known device such as a quasi-static mechanical analyzer “QMA”. More precisely, its measurement can be carried out according to the standard and the article cited above with reference to the measurement of Young's modulus.

Avantageusement, de telles valeurs confèrent à l'élément de fixation 220 selon l'invention, à la fois, une résistance mécanique suffisante pour assurer son rôle structurel de maintien de la couche de matériau isolant 120 contre la paroi 110 et une capacité d'absorption des fréquences générées par les vibrations du navire lui permettant d'améliorer les performances acoustiques de l'élément de construction 100 selon l'invention par rapport aux éléments de construction actuellement mis en œuvre sur les navires. On comprend en effet qu'en absorbant les vibrations, l'élément de fixation 220 évite que ces vibrations ne soient transmises à l'air présent dans l'espace délimité par l'élément de construction concerné, évitant ainsi les nuisances acoustiques.Advantageously, such values give the fastening element 220 according to the invention both sufficient mechanical strength to ensure its structural role of maintaining the layer of insulating material 120 against the wall 110 and an absorption capacity. frequencies generated by the vibrations of the ship enabling it to improve the acoustic performance of the construction element 100 according to the invention compared to the construction elements currently used on ships. It is in fact understood that by absorbing the vibrations, the fixing element 220 prevents these vibrations from being transmitted to the air present in the space delimited by the construction element concerned, thus avoiding noise pollution.

En outre, l'utilisation de cet au moins un matériau permet de réduire un effet de « pont acoustique », qui accentue autrement ces nuisances sonores. On entend par « effet de pont acoustique », un phénomène causé par la pression exercée par les éléments de fixation 220 sur la couche de matériau 120 isolant qui résulte en une compression ponctuelle, c'est-à-dire en regard de chaque élément de fixation 220, de cette couche de matériau 120 isolant, et qui tend à accentuer la transmission des vibrations du navire à l'environnement de l'élément de construction 100 concerné.In addition, the use of this at least one material makes it possible to reduce an “acoustic bridge” effect, which otherwise accentuates these noise pollution. The term “acoustic bridge effect” is understood to mean a phenomenon caused by the pressure exerted by the fixing elements 220 on the layer of insulating material 120 which results in a point compression, that is to say opposite each element of the insulation. fixing 220, of this layer of insulating material 120, and which tends to accentuate the transmission of vibrations from the ship to the environment of the construction element 100 concerned.

Autrement dit, l'élément de fixation 220 selon l'invention permet le maintien structurel de l'élément de construction 100 en exerçant sur la couche de matériau isolant 120 une pression moins importante que les éléments de fixation actuellement mis en œuvre, limitant ainsi la propagation des vibrations générées et donc les nuisances acoustiques ressenties à proximité de l'élément de construction concerné.In other words, the fixing element 220 according to the invention allows the structural maintenance of the construction element 100 by exerting on the layer of insulating material 120 a lower pressure than the fixing elements currently used, thus limiting the pressure. propagation of the vibrations generated and therefore the acoustic nuisances felt near the construction element concerned.

Selon l'invention, l'élément de fixation 220 présente une aire comprise entre 1250 mm2 et 7860 mm2. Avantageusement, une surface de l'élément de fixation 220 selon l'invention est comprise entre 2820 mm2 et 5030 mm2.According to the invention, the fixing element 220 has an area of between 1250 mm 2 and 7860 mm 2 . Advantageously, a surface of the fixing element 220 according to the invention is between 2820 mm 2 and 5030 mm 2 .

Selon les exemples de réalisation illustrés ici, l'élément de fixation 220 présente une forme circulaire, ou sensiblement circulaire, et présente un diamètre D compris entre 20 mm et 50 mm, avantageusement compris entre 30 mm et 40 mm. Il est entendu qu'il ne s'agit que d'un exemple de réalisation et que l'élément de fixation 220 peut présenter une forme différente, sans sortir du contexte de la présente invention. L'élément de fixation 220 comprend en outre au moins un évidement 221 ménagé en son centre 222 et adapté pour être traversé, au moins partiellement, par la tige du moyen d'accroche. Dans les exemples illustrés, on entend par « centre » un point de l'élément de fixation 220 équidistant de l'ensemble des points formant un contour 223 de cet élément de fixation 220.According to the exemplary embodiments illustrated here, the fastening element 220 has a circular or substantially circular shape, and has a diameter D of between 20 mm and 50 mm, advantageously between 30 mm and 40 mm. It is understood that this is only an exemplary embodiment and that the fixing element 220 may have a different shape, without departing from the context of the present invention. The fixing element 220 further comprises at least one recess 221 formed in its center 222 and adapted to be traversed, at least partially, by the rod of the hooking means. In the examples illustrated, the term “center” is understood to mean a point of the fixing element 220 equidistant from the set of points forming a contour 223 of this fixing element 220.

L'élément de fixation 220 présente au moins une face externe 227 tournée vers l'espace délimité par l'élément de construction, une fois l'élément de fixation 220 empalé sur la tige du moyen d'accroche correspondant et au moins une face interne 228 tournée vers la couche de matériau isolant une fois monté sur la tige. Bien que non illustrée ici, la face interne 228 de l'élément de fixation 220 présente au moins une excroissance, avantageusement une pluralité d'excroissances, qui forme un ou plusieurs crochet(s) adapté(s) pour venir en prise sur cette couche de matériau isolant et/ou sur le matériau de recouvrement interposé entre cette couche de matériau isolant et l'élément de fixation.The fixing element 220 has at least one outer face 227 turned towards the space delimited by the construction element, once the fixing element 220 has been impaled on the rod of the corresponding hooking means and at least one inner face 228 facing the layer of insulating material when mounted on the rod. Although not illustrated here, the internal face 228 of the fixing element 220 has at least one protuberance, advantageously a plurality of protuberances, which forms one or more hook (s) adapted to engage this layer. of insulating material and / or on the covering material interposed between this layer of insulating material and the fixing element.

Selon un premier exemple de réalisation illustré sur la figure 1, l'élément de fixation 220 comprend majoritairement un matériau synthétique. Autrement dit, selon ce premier exemple de réalisation de la présente invention, l'au moins un matériau présentant un module de Young compris entre 5kPa et 100MPa et un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 5% et 100%, avantageusement entre 10% et 50%, encore plus avantageusement entre 20% et 30% est un matériau synthétique. Plus particulièrement, l'élément de fixation 220 selon le premier exemple de réalisation comprend majoritairement un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 5MPa et 100MPa.According to a first exemplary embodiment illustrated on figure 1 , the fixing element 220 mainly comprises a synthetic material. In other words, according to this first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the at least one material exhibiting a Young's modulus of between 5 kPa and 100 MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%, advantageously between 10% and 50 %, even more preferably between 20% and 30% is a synthetic material. More particularly, the fixing element 220 according to the first exemplary embodiment mainly comprises a material which has a Young's modulus of between 5 MPa and 100 MPa.

Par exemple, le matériau synthétique formant majoritairement l'élément de fixation 220 peut être un plastique. Tel qu'évoqué ci-dessus, l'élément de fixation 220 selon l'invention est destiné à être installé sur des navires. Cet élément de fixation 220 doit ainsi répondre à un certain nombre de critères, et notamment en termes de sécurité incendie. Ainsi cet élément de fixation 220 peut, optionnellement, comprendre un matériau intumescent.For example, the synthetic material predominantly forming the fixing element 220 may be a plastic. As mentioned above, the fixing element 220 according to the invention is intended to be installed on ships. This fastening element 220 must thus meet a certain number of criteria, and in particular in terms of fire safety. Thus this fastening element 220 can, optionally, comprise an intumescent material.

Il est entendu que n'importe quel matériau intumescent compatible avec l'invention et répondant aux normes anti-incendie applicables sur les navires peut être utilisé dans le contexte de la présente invention.It is understood that any intumescent material compatible with the invention and meeting the fire-fighting standards applicable on ships can be used in the context of the present invention.

Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent quant à elles, respectivement, une première variante et une deuxième variante d'un deuxième exemple de réalisation selon l'invention. Ce deuxième exemple de réalisation diffère du premier exemple de réalisation en ce que l'élément de fixation comprend au moins une première partie 224 réalisée, majoritairement, avec un matériau métallique et au moins une deuxième partie 225 réalisée, majoritairement, avec un matériau déformable. Autrement dit, selon ce deuxième exemple de réalisation, la première partie 224 est réalisée, majoritairement, avec un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 50GPa et 250GPa et la deuxième partie 225 est quant à elle réalisée avec l'au moins un matériau qui présente le module de Young compris entre 5kPa et 100MPa et le facteur d'amortissement compris entre 5% et 100%, avantageusement entre 10% et 50%, encore plus avantageusement entre 20% et 30%. Avantageusement, la première partie 224 peut être réalisée, majoritairement, avec un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 69GPa et 210GPa.The figures 3 and 4 for their part, respectively, illustrate a first variant and a second variant of a second exemplary embodiment according to the invention. This second exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the fixing element comprises at least a first part 224 produced, for the most part, with a metallic material and at least a second part 225 made, for the most part, with a deformable material. In other words, according to this second exemplary embodiment, the first part 224 is made, for the most part, with a material which has a Young's modulus of between 50GPa and 250GPa and the second part 225 is itself made with at least one material. which has the Young's modulus of between 5 kPa and 100 MPa and the damping factor of between 5% and 100%, advantageously between 10% and 50%, even more advantageously between 20% and 30%. Advantageously, the first part 224 can be produced, for the most part, with a material which has a Young's modulus of between 69GPa and 210GPa.

Par exemple le matériau métallique peut être de l'acier ou de l'aluminium et le matériau déformable une laine minérale ou une combinaison de différents types de laine minérale. Par exemple, la laine minérale peut être une laine de verre, une laine de roche ou encore une combinaison d'au moins deux de ces laines. On pourra notamment prévoir que la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220 soit réalisée en un matériau comprenant à la fois de la laine de verre et de la laine de roche.For example the metallic material can be steel or aluminum and the deformable material mineral wool or a combination of different types of mineral wool. For example, the mineral wool can be a glass wool, a rock wool or a combination of at least two of these wools. Provision can in particular be made for the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 to be made of a material comprising both glass wool and rock wool.

On comprend que, dans l'élément de fixation 220 selon le deuxième exemple de réalisation de l'invention, la première partie 224 permet de conférer à l'élément de fixation 220 une résistance mécanique suffisante - traduite par le module de Young tel que défini ci-dessus - et la deuxième partie 225 confère quant à elle à l'élément de fixation 220 ses propriétés d'absorption des vibrations générées par l'utilisation du navire - traduites par le facteur d'amortissement tel que défini ci-dessus.It will be understood that, in the fixing element 220 according to the second embodiment of the invention, the first part 224 makes it possible to give the fixing element 220 sufficient mechanical strength - expressed by the Young's modulus as defined. above - and the second part 225 for its part confers on the fixing element 220 its properties of absorption of the vibrations generated by the use of the vessel - reflected by the damping factor as defined above.

Selon l'une quelconque des variantes décrites ci-dessous, la première partie 224 et la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220 sont concentriques.According to any one of the variants described below, the first part 224 and the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 are concentric.

Selon la première variante de ce deuxième exemple de réalisation illustré sur la figure 3, la première partie 224 et la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220 sont empilées l'une sur l'autre, le long d'un axe transversal T qui passe par l'évidement 221 ménagé au centre de l'élément de fixation 220. Cet axe transversal T est en outre confondu avec la droite d'extension principale Y de la tige lorsque l'élément de fixation 220 est empalé sur cette tige.According to the first variant of this second exemplary embodiment illustrated in figure 3 , the first part 224 and the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 are stacked one on top of the other, along a transverse axis T which passes through the recess 221 made in the center of the fixing element. fixing 220. This transverse axis T is also coincident with the main extension line Y of the rod when the fixing element 220 is impaled on this rod.

Selon l'exemple illustré, la première partie 224 de l'élément de fixation 220 et la deuxième partie 225 de cet élément de fixation 220 présentent des dimensions équivalentes. Autrement dit, un contour 224a de la première partie 224 de l'élément de fixation 220 et un contour 225a de la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220 sont superposés.According to the example illustrated, the first part 224 of the fixing element 220 and the second part 225 of this fixing element 220 have equivalent dimensions. In other words, a contour 224a of the first part 224 of the fastener 220 and a contour 225a of the second part 225 of the fastener 220 are superimposed.

Selon l'invention, l'élément de fixation 220 est empalé sur la tige du moyen d'accroche par sa deuxième partie 225. Une fois l'élément de fixation 220 empalé sur la tige du moyen d'accroche, la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220 est agencé au contact de la feuille métallique ou de la membrane lourde qui recouvre, au moins partiellement, la couche de matériau isolant de l'élément de construction, la première partie 224 de cet élément de fixation 220 étant quant à elle tournée vers l'espace délimité par cet élément de construction. En d'autres termes, la face externe 227 de l'élément de fixation 220 est formée par une première face de la première partie 224 de cet élément de fixation 220 et la face interne 228 de l'élément de fixation 220 est formé par une première face de la deuxième partie 225 de cet élément de fixation 220, une deuxième face de la première partie 224 et une deuxième face de la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220 étant tournées l'une vers l'autre et en contact l'une avec l'autre.According to the invention, the fastening element 220 is impaled on the rod of the fastening means by its second part 225. Once the fastening element 220 is impaled on the rod of the fastening means, the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 is arranged in contact with the metal foil or the heavy membrane which covers, at least partially, the layer of insulating material of the construction element, the first part 224 of this fixing element 220 being to her turned towards the space delimited by this element of construction. In other words, the outer face 227 of the fixing element 220 is formed by a first face of the first part 224 of this fixing element 220 and the inner face 228 of the fixing element 220 is formed by a first face of the second part 225 of this fixing element 220, a second face of the first part 224 and a second face of the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 being turned towards each other and in contact with each other.

Le cas échéant, l'élément de recouvrement évoqué ci-dessus est agencé de sorte à recouvrir, au moins partiellement, la première partie 224 de cet élément de fixation 220. Optionnellement, l'élément de recouvrement peut être agencé de sorte à recouvrir, à la fois la première partie 224 et la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220.Where appropriate, the covering element mentioned above is arranged so as to cover, at least partially, the first part 224 of this fixing element 220. Optionally, the covering element can be arranged so as to cover, both the first part 224 and the second part 225 of the fastener 220.

Selon la deuxième variante du deuxième exemple de réalisation illustré sur la figure 4, la première partie 224 de l'élément de fixation 220 entoure la deuxième partie 225 de cet élément de fixation 220. Autrement dit, un ajour 226 est ménagé dans la première partie 224 de l'élément de fixation 220, et la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220 est reçue dans cet ajour 226. Il en résulte qu'un contour 225a de la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation présente une forme et des dimensions complémentaires à la forme et aux dimensions d'un pourtour 226a de l'ajour 226. Le contour 225a de la deuxième partie 225 est ainsi agencé au contact du pourtour 226a de l'ajour 226. Selon l'exemple illustré ici, l'ajour 226 ménagé dans la première partie 224 de l'élément de fixation 220 et la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220 présentent des formes circulaires mais il est entendu qu'il ne s'agit que d'un exemple de réalisation et que l'ajour 226 et la deuxième partie 225 pourraient présenter une autre forme sans sortir du contexte de la présente invention.According to the second variant of the second exemplary embodiment illustrated in figure 4 , the first part 224 of the fixing element 220 surrounds the second part 225 of this fixing element 220. In other words, an opening 226 is formed in the first part 224 of the fixing element 220, and the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 is received in this opening 226. It follows that a contour 225a of the second part 225 of the fixing element has a shape and dimensions complementary to the shape and dimensions of a periphery 226a of the aperture 226. The contour 225a of the second part 225 is thus arranged in contact with the periphery 226a of the aperture 226. According to the example illustrated here, the opening 226 formed in the first part 224 of the fixing element 220 and the second part 225 of the fixing element 220 have circular shapes but it is understood that this is only an example of embodiment and that the opening 226 and the second part 225 could have another form without departing from the context of the present invention.

Selon cette deuxième variante du deuxième exemple de réalisation, la face externe 227 et la face interne 228 de l'élément de fixation 220 sont identiques, c'est-à-dire qu'elles sont toutes deux formées à la fois par la première partie 224 de l'élément de fixation 220 et par la deuxième partie 225 de cet élément de fixation 220. Le cas échéant, l'élément de recouvrement évoqué ci-dessus est agencé de sorte à recouvrir, au moins partiellement, la première partie 224 et la deuxième partie de cet élément de fixation 220.According to this second variant of the second exemplary embodiment, the outer face 227 and the inner face 228 of the fixing element 220 are identical, that is to say they are both formed at the same time by the first part 224 of the fixing element 220 and by the second part 225 of this fixing element 220. Where appropriate, the covering element mentioned above is arranged so as to cover, at least partially, the first part 224 and the second part of this fastening element 220.

Tel qu'évoqué précédemment, les vibrations sont transmises de la paroi métallique, à la tige du moyen d'accroche, et enfin à l'élément de fixation 220 de ce moyen d'accroche. La tige étant avantageusement agencée au contact de la deuxième partie 225 de l'élément de fixation 220, les vibrations générées par l'utilisation du navire sont majoritairement transmises à cette deuxième partie 225 particulièrement adaptée pour absorber ces vibrations. En outre, l'élément de fixation 220 selon l'invention permet de réduire l'effet de « pont acoustique » évoqué ci-dessus. Les nuisances sonores générées lors de l'utilisation du navire sont ainsi très limitées par rapport aux nuisances mesurées avec un élément de fixation tel qu'actuellement mis en œuvre.As mentioned above, the vibrations are transmitted from the metal wall, to the rod of the attachment means, and finally to the fixing element 220 of this attachment means. Since the rod is advantageously arranged in contact with the second part 225 of the fixing element 220, the vibrations generated by the use of the vessel are mainly transmitted to this second part 225 which is particularly suitable for absorbing these vibrations. In addition, the fixing element 220 according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the “acoustic bridge” effect mentioned above. The noise pollution generated during the use of the vessel is thus very limited compared to the nuisance measured with a fastening element as currently implemented.

On comprend de ce qui précède que la présente invention propose ainsi un moyen d'accroche d'un élément de construction destiné à un navire amélioré par rapport aux moyens d'accroche actuellement mis en œuvre, notamment en termes d'isolation acoustique, et à moindre coût.It will be understood from the foregoing that the present invention thus proposes a means for attaching a construction element intended for a ship which is improved compared to the attachment means currently used, in particular in terms of sound insulation, and to lower cost.

La présente invention ne saurait toutefois se limiter aux moyens et configurations décrits et illustrés ici, et elle s'étend également à tout moyen et configuration équivalent ainsi qu'à toute combinaison techniquement opérante de tels moyens. Ces moyens et configurations pourront être modifiés sans nuire à l'invention dans la mesure où ils remplissent les fonctionnalités décrites dans le présent document.The present invention should not however be limited to the means and configurations described and illustrated here, and it also extends to any equivalent means and configuration as well as to any technically operative combination of such means. These means and configurations can be modified without harming the invention insofar as they fulfill the functionalities described in this document.

Claims (17)

Elément de fixation (220) d'un moyen d'accroche (200) destiné à relier une couche d'un matériau isolant (120) thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement à une paroi (110) d'un élément de construction (100) d'un navire, l'élément de fixation (220) comprenant au moins un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 5kPa et 100MPa et un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 5% et 100%.Fastening element (220) of a fastening means (200) intended to connect a layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material (120) to a wall (110) of a building element (100) d a vessel, the fastener (220) comprising at least one material which has a Young's modulus of between 5kPa and 100MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%. Elément de fixation (220) selon la revendication précédente, l'élément de fixation (220) présentant une surface comprise entre 1250 mm2 et 7860 mm2.Fastening element (220) according to the preceding claim, the fastening element (220) having an area of between 1250 mm 2 and 7860 mm 2 . Elément de fixation (220) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'élément de fixation (220) présentant une forme circulaire, ou sensiblement circulaire.A fastener (220) according to any one of the preceding claims, the fastener (220) having a circular, or substantially circular, shape. Elément de fixation (220) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant au moins un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 5MPa et 100MPa et un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 5% et 100%, cet au moins un matériau étant un matériau synthétique.A fastener (220) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one material which has a Young's modulus of between 5MPa and 100MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%, this at least one material being a synthetic material. Elément de fixation (220) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le matériau synthétique comprend au moins un matériau intumescent.A fastener (220) according to the preceding claim, wherein the synthetic material comprises at least one intumescent material. Elément de fixation (220) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, comprenant au moins une première partie (224) formée d'au moins un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 50GPa et 250GPa et au moins une deuxième partie (225) formée de l'au moins un matériau qui présente un module de Young compris entre 5kPa et 100MPa et un facteur d'amortissement compris entre 5% et 100%.A fastener (220) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least a first part (224) formed of at least one material which has a Young's modulus of between 50GPa and 250GPa and at least a second part (225) formed from at least one material which has a Young's modulus of between 5kPa and 100MPa and a damping factor of between 5% and 100%. Elément de fixation (220) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la première partie (224) comprend majoritairement un matériau métallique et dans lequel la deuxième partie (225) comprend majoritairement un matériau déformable.Fastening element (220) according to the preceding claim, in which the first part (224) mainly comprises a metallic material and in which the second part (225) mainly comprises a deformable material. Elément de fixation (220) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le matériau déformable est une laine minérale.Fastening element (220) according to the preceding claim, in which the deformable material is mineral wool. Elément de fixation (220) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, dans lequel le matériau métallique formant majoritairement la première partie (224) de l'élément de fixation (220) est de l'acier ou de l'aluminium.A fastener (220) according to any one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the metallic material predominantly forming the first part (224) of the fastener (220) is steel or aluminum. Elément de fixation (220) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, dans lequel la première partie (224) de l'élément de fixation (220) et la deuxième partie (225) de l'élément de fixation (220) sont empilées l'une sur l'autre.A fastener (220) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the first part (224) of the fastener (220) and the second part (225) of the fastener (220) are stacked on top of each other. Elément de fixation (220) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, dans lequel un ajour (226) est ménagée dans la première partie (224) de l'élément de fixation (220), la deuxième partie (225) de l'élément de fixation (220) étant agencée dans l'ajour (226) de la première partie (224) de cet élément de fixation (220).A fastener (220) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein an opening (226) is formed in the first part (224) of the fastener (220), the second part (225) of the fixing element (220) being arranged in the opening (226) of the first part (224) of this fixing element (220). Moyen d'accroche (200) d'une couche d'un matériau isolant (120) thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement à une paroi (110) d'un élément de construction (100) destiné à un navire, le moyen d'accroche (200) comprenant au moins une tige (210) et au moins un élément de fixation (220) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'élément de fixation (220) comprenant au moins un évidement (221) adapté pour recevoir, au moins partiellement, la tige (210).Attachment means (200) of a layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material (120) to a wall (110) of a construction element (100) intended for a ship, the attachment means ( 200) comprising at least one rod (210) and at least one fixing element (220) according to any one of the preceding claims, the fixing element (220) comprising at least one recess (221) adapted to receive, at the less partially, the rod (210). Moyen d'accroche (200) selon la revendication précédente, comprenant au moins un élément de recouvrement (221) qui recouvre, au moins partiellement, l'élément de fixation (220), cet au moins un élément de recouvrement (221) comprenant, majoritairement, un matériau synthétique.Attachment means (200) according to the preceding claim, comprising at least one covering element (221) which covers, at least partially, the fixing element (220), this at least one covering element (221) comprising, mostly, a synthetic material. Elément de construction (100) destiné à un navire, comprenant au moins une paroi (110), au moins une couche d'un matériau isolant (120) thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement, la couche de matériau isolant (120) étant fixée sur la paroi (110) par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un moyen d'accroche (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 ou 13.Construction element (100) for a ship, comprising at least one wall (110), at least one layer of a thermally and / or acoustically insulating material (120), the insulating material layer (120) being attached to the wall (110) by means of at least one hooking means (200) according to any one of claims 12 or 13. Elément de construction (100) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la couche de matériau isolant (120) thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement est au moins partiellement recouverte d'un matériau de recouvrement (130), dans lequel la tige (210) du moyen d'accroche (200) est solidaire de la paroi (110) et traverse la couche de matériau isolant (120) thermiquement et/ou acoustiquement et le matériau de recouvrement (130), et dans lequel l'élément de fixation (220) du moyen d'accroche (200) est agencé au contact du matériau de recouvrement (130).Construction element (100) according to the preceding claim, in which the layer of thermally and / or acoustically insulating material (120) is at least partially covered with a covering material (130), in which the rod (210) of the hooking means (200) is integral with the wall (110) and passes through the layer of thermally and / or acoustically insulating material (120) and the covering material (130), and in which the fixing element (220) of the hooking means (200) is arranged in contact with the covering material (130). Elément de construction (100) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le matériau de recouvrement (130) est une feuille métallique ou une membrane lourde.A building element (100) according to the preceding claim, in which the covering material (130) is a metal foil or a heavy membrane. Navire comprenant au moins un élément de construction (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15.Vessel comprising at least one structural element (100) according to any one of claims 13 to 15.
EP21158770.4A 2020-02-26 2021-02-23 Element for attaching a means for attaching a construction element intended for a ship Pending EP3871969A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2001890A FR3107504B1 (en) 2020-02-26 2020-02-26 FASTENING ELEMENT OF A FASTENING MEANS OF A CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT FOR A SHIP

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EP3871969A1 true EP3871969A1 (en) 2021-09-01

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Citations (5)

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US2134705A (en) * 1937-11-08 1938-11-01 John D Crecca Means for securing sheathing to metal
US20080172960A1 (en) * 2007-01-19 2008-07-24 Johnnie Daniel Hilburn Fire resistive joint cover system
EP2525016A1 (en) * 2011-05-19 2012-11-21 Saint-Gobain Isover Outer wall of building made of dense rock wool
WO2013120148A1 (en) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 Cbg Systems International Pty Ltd A fire-resisting panel
CN107300074A (en) * 2017-08-21 2017-10-27 许月进 Flange gasket for Low Temperature Pipe in Ethylene Plant

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2134705A (en) * 1937-11-08 1938-11-01 John D Crecca Means for securing sheathing to metal
US20080172960A1 (en) * 2007-01-19 2008-07-24 Johnnie Daniel Hilburn Fire resistive joint cover system
EP2525016A1 (en) * 2011-05-19 2012-11-21 Saint-Gobain Isover Outer wall of building made of dense rock wool
WO2013120148A1 (en) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-22 Cbg Systems International Pty Ltd A fire-resisting panel
CN107300074A (en) * 2017-08-21 2017-10-27 许月进 Flange gasket for Low Temperature Pipe in Ethylene Plant

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FR3107504B1 (en) 2022-09-02

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