EP3863983A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines dekorierten, mineralischen verbundkörpers, dekorierter, mineralischer verbundkörper und verwendung einer mehrschichtfolie - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines dekorierten, mineralischen verbundkörpers, dekorierter, mineralischer verbundkörper und verwendung einer mehrschichtfolieInfo
- Publication number
- EP3863983A1 EP3863983A1 EP19765983.2A EP19765983A EP3863983A1 EP 3863983 A1 EP3863983 A1 EP 3863983A1 EP 19765983 A EP19765983 A EP 19765983A EP 3863983 A1 EP3863983 A1 EP 3863983A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mineral
- layer
- decorated
- layers
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000865 phosphorylative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002986 polymer concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011382 roller-compacted concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 102220047090 rs6152 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4501—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with preformed sheet-like elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
- B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
- B44C1/17—Dry transfer
- B44C1/1733—Decalcomanias applied under pressure only, e.g. provided with a pressure sensitive adhesive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
- B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
- B44C5/0438—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers containing stone elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
- B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
- B44C5/0453—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers produced by processes involving moulding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4511—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application using temporarily supports, e.g. decalcomania transfers or mould surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/47—Oils, fats or waxes natural resins
- C04B41/474—Natural resins, e.g. rosin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/48—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B41/483—Polyacrylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
- C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/70—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
- C04B41/71—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions at least one coating being an organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/60—Flooring materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a decorated, mineral composite body, a decorated, mineral composite body and the use of a multilayer film for producing a decorated,
- Mineral building materials such as concrete, mortar or sand-lime brick, are used, for example, in the manufacture of buildings, in the construction of tunnels, bridges and retaining walls or foundations or in individual walls, ceilings, supports or ring anchors, but also in the manufacture of furniture or
- the weather influences occurring in the outside area can impair the durability of mineral building materials.
- the durability of concrete structures has the status of a legal requirement via the Construction Products Act and the state building regulations. This means that stability, suitability for use and durability are preferably equal criteria.
- DIN EN 1992-1 - 1 / AI: 2015-03 (“Eurocode 2: Design and construction of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures - Part 1 -1: General design rules and regulations for building construction”; German version EN 1992-1 -1 : 2004 / A1: 2014, edition date 2015-03), buildings are considered to be permanent if they have no significant function in terms of load-bearing capacity and usability during the intended period of use Loss of usage properties with a reasonable
- the superficially visible signs of impairment of durability are the occurrence of flaking or peeling, the occurrence of cracks and / or the visible changes in the structure or color of the surface.
- mineral building materials that are not plastered or veneered, for example, and whose visible surfaces fulfill design functions, for example, are subject to high demands in terms of surface quality, texture and / or resistance.
- mineral building material which has improved protection against corrosion, for example under the action of oxygen, carbon dioxide and / or moisture, and preferably has protection against crack formation.
- the method should enable the modified mineral building material to be inexpensively positioned and, if necessary, be suitable for finishing mineral building materials in interior and exterior construction.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by providing a
- a method according to claim 1 for fixing a decorated, mineral composite body using at least one multilayer film comprising the following steps:
- a flowable or plastically deformable mineral building material mixture which comprises water and at least one mineral binder, to the at least one inner surface of the molding element
- the multilayer film having a carrier layer and a transfer layer arranged on the carrier layer and containing at least one decorative element, the transfer layer having at least one anionically functionalized primer layer on the side facing away from the carrier layer, and
- the at least one multilayer film is arranged before step b) with the side of the carrier layer facing away from the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer on the at least one inner surface of the provided molding element, preferably formwork, and in step b) the at least one anionically functionalized one
- the primer layer is at least partially brought into contact with the flowable or plastically deformable, mineral building material mixture, a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body being obtained in step c),
- the at least one multilayer film is arranged in and / or after step c) with the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer at least partially on the dimensionally stable, mineral green body, a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body being obtained, and
- the object of the present invention is also achieved by the provision of a decorated, mineral composite body according to claim 27, in particular produced by a method of claims 1 to 26,
- the decorated, mineral composite body comprises a mineral substrate and at least one transfer layer, which is at least partially arranged on at least one surface of the substrate and contains at least one decorative element, the side of the transfer layer facing the substrate being formed by at least one anionically functionalized primer layer which is at least positively bonded to the mineral substrate.
- the object of the present invention is further achieved by providing a use according to claim 31 of a multilayer film for producing a decorated, mineral composite body,
- the multilayer film having a carrier layer and a transfer layer arranged on the carrier layer and containing at least one decorative element, the transfer layer having at least one anionically functionalized primer layer on the side facing away from the carrier layer.
- a multilayer film to be used according to the invention which can preferably be designed as a transfer film or laminating film, comprises a carrier layer and a transfer layer arranged on the carrier layer, which at least one
- Multilayer film as a transfer film, preferably releasably on the carrier layer
- the transfer layer is preferably arranged firmly and permanently on the carrier layer.
- a transfer film to be used according to the invention is preferably used for
- Multilayer film as transfer film, preferably the backing layer from the
- Transfer layer preferably completely, removed, so that only the
- Transfer layer on at least partial areas of the surface of the decorated Object is arranged, preferably at least partially forms the surface of the decorated object.
- the transfer layer arranged on at least partial areas of the surface of the decorated object preferably forms a, more preferably closed, coating.
- the carrier layer is detached from the transfer layer, preferably at a layer boundary between the carrier layer and the transfer layer.
- a release layer can be arranged at this layer boundary, which facilitates the removal of the transfer layer from the carrier layer.
- the release layer can be part of the transfer layer and / or part of the carrier film and can be arranged on the transfer layer and / or on the carrier film after detachment.
- the carrier film preferably remains on at least after the transfer layer has been arranged
- Transfer layer connected so that the carrier film is arranged on at least partial areas of the surface of the decorated object, preferably at least partially forms the surface of the decorated object.
- the transfer layer arranged on at least partial areas of the surface of the decorated object and the carrier film preferably form a, more preferably closed,
- the multilayer film designed as a laminating film can, for example, after connecting the multilayer film on at least partial areas of the at least one surface of the decorated object, enable two or more objects decorated according to the invention to be connected, for example with the aid of joining by reshaping and / or joining under the influence of heat and / or printing, preferably two or more adjacent multilayer films can be connected, for example by welding, gluing, hot stamping, laminating or combinations thereof.
- At least one decorative element is transferred to the object together with the transfer layer, the at least one decorative element being arranged on at least partial areas of the surface of the decorated object after the transfer of the transfer layer and, depending on the configuration of the at least one
- Decorative element that can influence the physical properties, preferably the haptic and / or the optical and / or the electrical and / or the mechanical properties, and / or the chemical properties of the surface of the decorated object.
- the at least one decorative element can change the surface texture and / or color of the decorated object, for example by providing embossments and / or roughening and / or patterns and / or smoothness and / or by providing reflection-determining properties such as transparency and / or gloss and / or matting and / or by providing a color.
- the at least one decorative element can be the mechanical one
- Influence properties of the decorated object for example by providing a surface hardness, surface elasticity and / or breaking strength of the surface.
- the at least one decorative element for example, the at least one decorative element
- the at least one decorative element can be the chemical element
- Influence properties of the decorated object for example by providing the surface with a resistance to the penetration of substances and / or the action of acids and / or bases.
- the at least one decorative element can improve the resistance of the decorated object to alternating frost-thaw stress, for example in the presence of de-icing salt.
- the at least one decorative element can preferably be designed as a motif, as a decor, for example single image decor or endless decor, as a pattern, or a combination thereof.
- the at least one decorative element can preferably be opaque and / or translucent and / or transparent at least in some areas.
- the at least one decorative element can be designed as a surface structure that produces optically active or optical effects, wherein
- a suitable surface structure from the group consisting of diffractive surface structure, in particular hologram, zero-order diffraction structure, matt structure, in particular isotropic or anisotropic matt structure, blaze grating, lens structure, microlens structure, microprism structure,
- Micromirror structure or a combination of two or more of these
- the at least one decorative element can be designed as an optically active and / or optically variable substance, which is preferably a dye,
- Liquid crystal material, pigment, or a mixture thereof are present.
- Suitable pigments are, for example, interference layer pigments, liquid crystal pigments, diffractive pigments, metallic pigments, thermochromic pigments, photochromic pigments or mixtures thereof.
- the substance can in particular show different or similar optical effects in different wavelength ranges, for example in the infrared range and / or in the ultraviolet range and / or in the visible range.
- the fabric can also show different or similar optical effects under different lighting and / or viewing angles or directions.
- the decorative element preferably has at least one decorative layer.
- the decorative element preferably has a plurality of decorative layers.
- the at least one decorative layer preferably comprises or at least independently of one another consists of at least partially arranged, preferably full-surface, protective layers, at least partially arranged barrier layers partially arranged reflective layers, at least partially arranged conductive layers, at least partially arranged adhesive layers, at least partially arranged adhesive layers, at least partially arranged metal layers, at least partially arranged layers with relief structures, at least partially arranged color layers, at least partially arranged interference layers or combinations thereof.
- the at least one decorative layer can preferably be opaque and / or translucent and / or transparent at least in some areas.
- the decorative layers can each have different degrees of transparency, independently of one another.
- the at least one decorative layer from the group consisting of transparent and / or colored lacquer layers, in particular comprising one or more dyes and / or pigments, replication layers with a molded optically active surface structure, reflection layers, in particular opaque layers, is further preferred
- Reflection layers transparent reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic reflection layers, metallic
- Reflection layers or dielectric reflection layers optically variable layers, optically active layers, interference multilayer systems,
- volume hologram layers liquid crystal layers, in particular cholesteric liquid crystal layers, electrically conductive layers, antenna layers,
- a mineral building material is an inorganic non-metallic building material composed of preferably crystalline components. It can be natural minerals, such as natural stone, sand or clay, or a shaped mixture of substances from sieved or ground minerals, which can be obtained by crystallization of
- mineral binders or mineral binder components receives the desired strength.
- the inventors have found that the refinement of a mineral building material with at least one multilayer film to be used according to the invention prevents the occurrence of corrosion, for example concrete corrosion.
- the decorated, mineral building material in the form of the composite body according to the invention is preferably provided with a barrier against oxygen and / or carbon dioxide and / or moisture.
- the method according to the invention preferably provides protection against carbonation.
- Carbonation is preferably a chemical reaction that takes place in concrete in the presence of carbon dioxide and moisture.
- the decorated, mineral composite body which is preferably produced using the method according to the invention, has a barrier against acidic substances and protection against driving and releasing attacks.
- concrete essentially consists of cement cemented
- cement stone is preferably little
- Lime-clay compounds of the cement stone can be converted, for example, by acids into water-soluble compounds which can be removed by water and / or atmospheric agents.
- the cohesion between the aggregate and the cement stone is preferably initially loosened and destroyed as the attack progresses. As long as the concrete surface is intact, an attack can only be carried out by the
- a driving attack is when the substances that act on the concrete when they react with the cement block, in some cases also with the aggregates, form new reaction products with a much larger volume.
- a typical example of this is sulfate propulsion. If gases or solutions containing sulfate act on concrete, it can be caused by reaction between sulfates and the
- Tricalcium aluminate of cement stone preferably come to the formation of ettringite.
- the volume of the reaction products can increase to eight times the original volume of the raw materials and the concrete is blown out from the inside. This damage often occurs in concrete sewers.
- the hydrogen sulfide gas that smells like rotten eggs is formed by bacterial decomposition of the sulfur-containing organic substances (such as proteins) contained in the waste water. This gas can be oxidized to sulfates by other bacteria or by atmospheric oxygen and these can cause sulfate propulsion.
- the decorated, mineral composite body which is preferably produced using the method according to the invention, preferably also has a barrier against freeze-thawing agents, for example deionized salts containing chloride ions.
- a flowable or plastically deformable mineral building material mixture which comprises water and at least one mineral binder, to the at least one inner surface of the molding element
- Multilayer film has a carrier layer and a transfer layer arranged on the carrier layer and containing at least one decorative element, the
- Transfer layer on the side facing away from the carrier layer has at least one anionically functionalized primer layer, wherein I) the at least one multilayer film prior to step b) with the side of the carrier layer facing away from the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer on the at least one inner surface of the molding element provided, preferably formwork, is arranged and in step b) the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer is at least partially brought into contact with the flowable or plastically deformable mineral building material mixture, a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body being obtained in step c),
- the at least one multilayer film in and / or after step c) with the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer at least is partially arranged on the dimensionally stable, mineral green body, a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body being obtained, and
- the at least one multilayer film is preferably:
- step b) before step b) with the side of the carrier layer facing away from the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer on the at least one inner surface of the provided molding element, preferably formwork, wherein in step b) the at least one anionically functionalized
- the primer layer of the multilayer film is at least partially brought into contact with the flowable or plastically deformable mineral building material mixture, a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body being obtained in step c),
- step c) in and / or after step c) with the side of the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer facing away from the carrier layer on the
- At least one first multilayer film and at least one second multilayer film can be used in the method according to the invention, the at least first multilayer film before step b) with the side of the carrier layer of the at least first multilayer film facing away from the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer on the at least one
- Inner surface of the provided molding element, preferably formwork, is arranged, the at least one anionically functionalized in step b)
- Primer layer of the at least first multilayer film is at least partially brought into contact with the flowable or plastically deformable, mineral building material mixture, and the at least second multilayer film in and / or after step c) with one side of the at least one anionically functionalized side facing away from the carrier layer
- Primer layer of the at least second Multilayer film is arranged on the dimensionally stable, mineral green body, a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body being obtained by the at least partial solidification of the mineral building material mixture.
- Primer layer arranged on the dimensionally stable, mineral green body.
- the method according to the invention preferably in or after step d), gives a decorated, mineral composite body which comprises an at least partially hardened mineral substrate and at least one arranged at least partially on at least one surface of the mineral substrate
- Transfer layer which contains or consists of at least one decorative element, wherein the side facing the mineral substrate
- Transfer layer is formed by at least one anionically functionalized organic primer layer which is at least positively connected to the mineral substrate.
- the mineral substrate of the decorated, mineral composite body preferably comprises or consists of at least one solidified, preferably hardened, mineral building material, optionally at least one additive and / or at least one non-volatile additive and optionally at least one reinforcement element.
- a mineral building material is preferably an inorganic non-metallic material made of at least partially crystalline components. It can be natural minerals, such as natural stone, sand, clay or clay, or a shaped mixture of substances from sieved and / or ground minerals, which preferably obtains the desired strength in the presence of water by crystallization of at least one mineral binder.
- step b) of the method according to the invention a flowable or plastically deformable, mineral building material mixture containing water and at least one includes mineral binder used in step c) of the
- the method according to the invention at least partially solidifies while maintaining a dimensionally stable, mineral green body.
- the at least partial solidification of the mineral building material mixture can also be referred to as setting, the solidification, in particular in the case of cement paste, representing the defined increase in viscosity through water binding, preferably incorporation of water of crystallization, in concrete or mortar.
- the at least partial solidification of the mineral building material mixture preferably results in a mineral green body which is at least dimensionally stable.
- the green body preferably has at least partially compared to
- hardened mineral composite body has a lower strength.
- the strength of mineral building materials arises from the, preferably exothermic, reaction of the crystallization of constituents of the mineral binder used, for example clinker constituents of the cement, preferably under water absorption. In this process, crystal needles, which can interlock with one another, preferably grow.
- the crystal growth of a mineral building material can continue over a longer period of time, so that the final strength of a mineral
- Composite body is preferably only reached after a certain period of time.
- cement paste preferably solidifies over a period of twelve
- cement preferably reaches standard strength after 28 days.
- the at least one mineral binder used in the process according to the invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of
- Calcium silicate hydrates cement, lime, clay, gypsum, clay, magnesia binder and
- the at least one mineral binder preferably comprises or consists of a hydraulic binder, a non-hydraulic binder or a mixture thereof.
- a non-hydraulic binder is preferably an inorganic, non-metallic, finely ground substance that hardens after contacting, preferably after being mixed, with water in the air. Once hardened, non-hydraulic binders are not water-resistant.
- a non-hydraulic binder is preferably air lime, which hardens in the presence of water with simultaneous air supply, since the carbon dioxide forms carbon dioxide from the air with water, which is used to carbonate the calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime).
- Another non-hydraulic binder is preferably gypsum (CaS04 c 2 HteO), which in the form of hemihydrate (CaS04 c 1/2 H2O) or anhydrite (CaS04)
- Binder can be used.
- the binder absorbs water when it hardens.
- needle-shaped gypsum crystals of the formula CaS04 c 2 H2O are formed, which matt together and grow together.
- magnesia binder is preferably magnesia binder, which can be produced by mixing caustic (caustic) fired magnesite (magnesia, MgO) with magnesium chloride (MgCh) dissolved in water. The hardening takes place through the mutually penetrating and matting fine
- a hydraulic binder is preferably an inorganic, non-metallic, finely ground substance which, after contacting, preferably after being mixed, solidifies and hardens with water as a result of chemical reactions with the water and, after hardening, preferably also solid under water and
- Hydraulic binders consist of connections between an unhydraulic base, for example lime (CaO), magnesia (MgO) or
- Hydraulic binders include, for example, all types of cement according to DIN EN 197-1: 2011 -11 ("Cement - Part 1: Composition, requirements and conformity criteria of normal cement”; German version EN 197-1: 2011, edition date 2011 -11), DIN 1164-10: 2013-03 ("Cement with special
- the at least one mineral binder is further preferably selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, Portland hut cement,
- Portland silica dust cement Portland pozzolan cement, Portland fly ash cement, Portland shale cement, Portland limestone cement, Portland composite cement, blast furnace cement, pozzolan cement, composite cement, alumina cement and
- Decisive for the hydraulic effectiveness of a binder are preferably the molar proportions of reactive calcium oxide (CaO), silicon dioxide (S1O2) and / or aluminum oxide (AI2O3), which are hardenable in the presence of water
- Calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) or calcium aluminate hydrates can form.
- a hydraulic binder preferably has calcium oxide (CaO) and
- Silicon dioxide (S1O2) in a CaO / Si02 molar ratio of greater than 1.5 A latent hydraulic substance has calcium oxide (CaO) and silicon dioxide (S1O2) in a CaO / Si02 molar ratio from a range of 0.5 to 1.5.
- Latent hydraulic substances can therefore only be added when an exciter, e.g. As calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) or similarly acting substances, harden hydraulically.
- an exciter e.g. As calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) or similarly acting substances, harden hydraulically.
- latent hydraulic substances After fine grinding and contacting, preferably mixing, latent hydraulic substances harden hydraulically with water independently, since when they react with water without hydration, strengthening, lime-containing hydration products are formed.
- the most important latent hydraulic material for concrete technology is preferably slag sand.
- latent hydraulic substances are not independent binders, they are included in the concrete additives when used as a raw material for concrete.
- Puzzolans are substances containing silicic acid, silicic acid and alumina.
- puzzolans In contrast to latent hydraulic substances, puzzolans contain only little calcium oxide (CaO). Puzzolans have calcium oxide (CaO) and silicon dioxide (S1O2) in a CaO / Si02 molar ratio of less than 0.5.
- Puzzolans can therefore only hardenable hydration products in the
- Rocks and soils are referred to as natural pozzolans, which are preferably dried at temperatures of at most about 150 ° C. Like trass, lava, pozzolana and Santorini, they are mostly of volcanic origin. Artificial or natural annealed pozzolans are rocks and soils that are technically calcined (annealed) at higher temperatures in order to develop sufficient pozzolanic responsiveness. Tempered clay, brick flour, silica dust and fly ash can have pozzolana properties.
- Important puzzolans are fly ash, brick dust, silica dust, rice bowl ash, phonolite, calcined clay, and metakaolin.
- pozzolans also belong to the concrete additives.
- the mineral building material mixture preferably comprises concrete, mortar,
- ceramic is preferably used for silicate ceramic, oxide ceramic, non-oxide ceramic and combinations thereof, preferably silicate ceramic and
- the mineral building material mixture comprises concrete or mortar, the at least one mineral binding agent comprising or consisting of cement, and the mineral building material mixture further comprising aggregate.
- aggregate is preferably understood to mean a mixture of broken or unbroken grains of the same or different sizes from natural and / or artificial mineral substances.
- the at least one multilayer film is preferably arranged on at least one inner formwork surface with the side of the carrier layer facing away from the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer, so that preferably the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer of the multilayer film points away from the at least one formwork inner surface.
- step b) the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer of the carrier layer is brought at least partially into contact with the flowable, mineral building material mixture, in step c) a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body due to the at least partial solidification of the mineral building material mixture is obtained in which the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer of the multilayer film is preferred
- Concrete is preferably a building material that is mixed as a dispersion with the addition of liquid, preferably water, from a binder and additives.
- the hardened concrete is also referred to as artificial stone.
- Concrete preferably contains cement as a binder and aggregate as
- the addition water preferably directs the chemical
- Concrete admixtures can be added. Most of the water is preferably chemically bound.
- the mineral or building material mixture comprising concrete or mortar preferably also has additives, concrete additives, concrete additives and mixtures thereof.
- Concrete is preferably used as a composite material in combination with at least one reinforcement element, for example a tensile reinforcement.
- a suitable reinforcement element is, for example, reinforcing steel or prestressing steel, for example in the form of a mat, rod, wire, ring, lattice girder, or a combination thereof, wherein reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete is preferably obtained.
- Suitable reinforcement elements are known to the person skilled in the art.
- Suitable types of concrete are, for example: concrete, in-situ concrete, pumped concrete,
- Heavy concrete / radiation protection concrete wood concrete, carbon concrete, architectural concrete, aerated concrete, fiber concrete, concrete glass, asphalt concrete, mineral concrete, sulfur concrete, synthetic resin concrete, single-grain concrete, or combinations thereof.
- Mortar is preferably a building material that consists of a binder, for example lime or cement, aggregate with a grain size of preferably at most 4 mm, and addition water, optionally also of concrete additives and additives, and that hardens through chemical reaction of the binder.
- a binder for example lime or cement
- aggregate with a grain size of preferably at most 4 mm
- addition water optionally also of concrete additives and additives, and that hardens through chemical reaction of the binder.
- Suitable mortars are, for example, masonry mortar, plaster mortar, fire protection mortar, synthetic resin mortar, screed mortar, grouting mortar, swelling mortar, water mortar and mineral sealing slurries or combinations thereof.
- pre-shaped building materials for example stone or brick, of the non-pre-shaped building materials can
- steam-hardened building materials such as sand-lime brick, aerated concrete, fiber cement, CSH insulation material are used, which have calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phases as an essential component.
- CSH calcium silicate hydrate
- aerated concrete is a steam-hardened building material, preferably with a bulk density of 300 kg / m 3 to 800 kg / m 3 , which can preferably be produced from the raw materials quicklime (CaO) as a mineral binder, water and quartz sand, a small amount of a pore former, preferably
- quicklime (CaO) and sand are preferably mixed with the addition of water.
- the quicklime is preferably converted to calcium silicate hydrate with water
- the mixture can preferably be formed into a dimensionally stable green body by pressing.
- the mineral building material mixture comprises or consists of sand-lime brick or aerated concrete, the at least one mineral binder comprising or consisting of a calcium silicate hydrate,
- step c) a dimensionally stable, mineral green body is obtained by pressing
- the at least one multilayer film is at least partially arranged in and / or after step c) with the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer on at least one surface of the dimensionally stable, mineral green body, a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body being obtained, and wherein in step the decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body is hardened hydrothermally, preferably at a temperature from a range from 150 ° C. to 250 ° C. in the presence of water vapor; preferably with a pressure of at least 5 bar, and for a period of at least 3 h, to obtain a decorated mineral composite body.
- the mineral building material mixture comprises or consists of a ceramic, preferably silicate ceramic, preferably porcelain, oxide ceramic and non-oxide ceramic, preferably silicate ceramic and oxide ceramic, the at least one mineral binder Clay mineral, preferably kaolinite, comprises or consists thereof.
- step c) by means of pressing, slip casting, injection molding,
- the decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body is preferably fired, preferably at a temperature of 850 ° C. or more for one
- the at least one multilayer film further preferably comprises at least one refractory decorative element, preferably one or more refractory pigments and / or one or more molded surface reliefs.
- a multilayer film to be used according to the invention has a carrier layer and a transfer layer which is arranged on the carrier layer and which contains at least one of the aforementioned decorative elements, the transfer layer being on the Side facing away from the carrier layer at least one anionically functionalized
- the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer is preferably the one to be used according to the invention
- step b) at least partially with the flowable or plastic
- deformable, mineral building material mixture comprising water and at least one mineral binding agent is brought into contact, a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body being obtained in step c),
- step c) in and / or after step c) at least partially on at least one
- the surface of the dimensionally stable, mineral green body obtained by at least partially solidifying the mineral building material mixture is arranged.
- the inventors have found that by at least partially solidifying the mineral building material mixture, a dimensionally stable, mineral green body is formed, which has pores into which the anionically functionalized
- Polymers contained in the primer layer can mechanically “interlock”.
- the adhesive strength of the primer layer on the solidified building material mixture increases.
- the adhesive strength preferably correlates with the curing time, since after one or two days the adhesive strength is lower than after several days.
- Multilayer film on the solidified building material mixture or the composite body according to the invention can be cross-cut according to DIN EN ISO 2409: 2013-06
- the inventors found that the polymer molecules contained in the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer in Form of anionic polymer molecules adheres particularly well to the flowable or plastically deformable mineral building material mixture or to the dimensionally stable, mineral green body obtained by at least partially solidifying the mineral building material mixture.
- anionic functional groups with metal ions, in particular Ca 2+ ions, of the mineral building material mixture, preferably in the presence of bound water, can form coordinative bonds at the molecular level.
- the aqueous polymer dispersion used to produce the anionically functionalized primer layer has a pH of 6.5 or more, preferably 7.1 or more, preferably 7.5 or more, preferably 8 0 or more, more preferably 8.5 or more, more preferably 9.0 or more, more preferably 9.5 or more, in each case measured at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a pressure of 1013 mbar.
- the aqueous polymer dispersion of the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer preferably has at least one polymer with at least one free, anionic, functional group, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, phosphate and combinations thereof, preferably Carboxylate, sulfonate and combinations thereof.
- the at least one is anionically functionalized
- Primer layer on saponification-resistant polymers which preferably have no ester groups.
- the saponification resistance of a polymer or a polymer dispersion can be determined, for example, by determining the saponification number (VZ), for example according to that in DIN EN ISO 3681: 2007-10 ("Binder for
- the at least one polymer which has at least one free, anionic, functional group is more preferably selected from the group consisting of anionic
- anionically functionalized epoxy polymers and copolymers anionically functionalized acrylic polymers and copolymers, anionically functionalized methacrylic polymers and copolymers, anionically functionalized polyurethane polymers and copolymers and mixtures thereof, preferably anionically functionalized acrylic polymers, anionically functionalized methacrylic polymers , anionically functionalized polyurethane polymers, copolymers thereof and mixtures thereof.
- Anionically functionalized polymers and copolymers can be incorporated into the at least one polymer, for example via suitable chain extenders which have corresponding ionic groups, in order to stabilize this as a particle dispersed in water.
- a typical representative of polyurethane polymers is, for example
- the polymer obtained is preferably permanently hydrophilic and, more preferably, is easy to disperse.
- anionic functionalized epoxy resins can also be derived from one or more epoxy resins.
- Anionic functionalized groups can be found in epoxy resin molecules
- Epoxy resins, hydroxy groups and epoxy groups can be reacted with various reagents containing the desired anionic functional group or a precursor thereof, for example by varying the ratio of dicarboxylic acid to the starting epoxy resin.
- Another means of adding anionic functional groups to the epoxy resin is to react the epoxy resin with a functionalizing agent that has at least one anionic functional group or a precursor thereof and contains at least one functional group capable of reacting with epoxy groups and / or hydroxyl groups, the epoxy resin to be reacted preferably containing hydroxyl groups.
- alkaline metal salts of hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid are representative compounds of this type.
- the starting epoxy resin can be derived by reaction with phosphorylating, sulfating and / or sulfonating reagents such as superphosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and the like
- Polyacrylates and polymethacrylates preferably have free deprotonated ones
- Suitable polymer dispersions are, for example, commercially available from DSM Coating under the type designation NeoCryl®, which are aqueous polyacrylate polymer and copolymer dispersions, and NeoRez®, which are aqueous polyurethane polymer and copolymer dispersions Resins BV (Zwolle, NL) available.
- the at least one is anionically functionalized
- Primer layer has a non-volatile content of 5% by weight to 70% by weight, preferably 10% by weight to 50% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of all constituents of the anionically functionalized primer layer.
- the at least one is anionically functionalized
- Primer layer has a residual moisture content of at most 5% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of all constituents of the anionically functionalized primer layer. More preferably, the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer has a thickness of 50 nm to 1000 miti, preferably from 1 miti to 100 miti, more preferably from 5 miti to 50 miti.
- 1 to 4 show schematic representations of a transfer film.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the arrangement of a transfer film in a shaped element.
- 6 and 7 show schematic representations of a decorated
- Fig. 8 shows a decorated mineral produced in Example 1
- a multilayer film 1, T to be used according to the invention has a carrier layer 10, 10 'and a transfer layer 13, 13' which is arranged on the carrier layer 10, 10 'and contains at least one decorative element, the transfer layer 13, 13' being at that Carrier layer 10, 10 'facing away from at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15.
- the carrier layer 10, 10 ′ preferably comprises at least one carrier layer 11 preferably made of a polyester, for example a polylactide (PLA) or
- PET Polyethylene terephthalate
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- the carrier layer 10, 10 'on the side facing away from the transfer layer 13, 13' has at least one rear release layer, which has at least one Wax, preferably montan ester wax, comprises at least one silicone, at least one polyurethane or a combination thereof or consists thereof.
- Wax preferably montan ester wax
- An arrangement preferably prevents at least one back-release layer on the carrier layer 10, 10 ′ from sticking the layers together during the production of a multilayer film 1, T to be used according to the invention
- the at least one carrier layer 11 of the carrier layer 10, 10 ′ has a layer thickness between 4 miti and 100 miti, preferably between 10 miti and 50 miti.
- the carrier layer 10, 10 ′′ can further comprise at least one release layer 12, which on the side of the transfer layer 13, 13 ′′ facing the
- Carrier layer 10, 10 ' is arranged.
- the at least one release layer 12 can preferably be at least one wax, preferably montan ester wax, at least one silicone, at least one
- the at least one decorative element further preferably influences the
- Composite body 2 wherein the at least one decorative element is preferably designed as a motif, as a decor, for example single image decor or endless decor, as a pattern, or a combination thereof.
- At least one functional layer 14 is arranged between the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 and the carrier layer 10, 10 ′, the at least one decorative element preferably being arranged in the at least one functional layer 14.
- the one between the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 and the carrier layer 10, 10 comprises at least one functional layer 14 at least one metal and / or semimetal, alloys thereof or a mixture thereof, preferably aluminum, iron, chromium, indium, copper, tin, zinc, silicon, alloys thereof or mixtures thereof, at least one polymer, preferably selected from cellulose-based
- Polymers chlorinated polyolefins, chlorinated rubbers, rosins, epoxy resins, EVA copolymers, formaldehyde resins, hydrocarbon resins, ketone / aldehyde resins, maleate resins, melamine resins, phenolic resins, acrylates, polyacrylates, polyacrylate dispersions, polyester dispersions,
- Polyurethane dispersions Polyether dispersions, polyamide resins, polyester resins, polyisocyanates, polyolefin resins, polystyrene resins, polyurethane resins,
- Polyvinyl acetals polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl butyrals,
- Polyvinylidene chlorides polyvinylidene fluorides, shellacs, silicone resins, styrene-acrylate dispersions, sulfonamide resins, urea resins, acrylonitrile-1, 3-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins and mixtures thereof, or consist thereof.
- the at least one functional layer 14 arranged between the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 and the carrier layer 10, 10 ' may preferably further comprise at least one additive, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of water repellents, leveling additives, defoamers, colorants, preferably selected from Dyes, organic pigments, inorganic pigments and mixtures thereof, fillers, rheological additives, plasticizers, stabilizers, light stabilizers, antioxidants,
- at least one additive is preferably selected from the group consisting of water repellents, leveling additives, defoamers, colorants, preferably selected from Dyes, organic pigments, inorganic pigments and mixtures thereof, fillers, rheological additives, plasticizers, stabilizers, light stabilizers, antioxidants,
- Flame retardants, reinforcing materials and mixtures thereof comprise.
- the at least one functional layer 14 arranged between the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 and the carrier layer 10, 10 ′ is further preferred from the group consisting of transparent and / or colored ones
- Lacquer layers in particular comprising one or more dyes and / or pigments, replication layers with a molded optically active surface structure, reflection layers, in particular opaque reflection layers, transparent reflection layers, metallic reflection layers or dielectric
- Reflection layers optically variable layers, optically active layers,
- Interference multilayer systems volume hologram layers, Liquid crystal layers, in particular cholesteric liquid crystal layers, electrically conductive layers, antenna layers, electrode layers,
- magnetic layers magnetic storage layers, barrier layers and
- a protective layer 18 can preferably be arranged on the side of the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 facing away from the carrier layer 10, 10 '.
- the protective layer 18 preferably prevents damage and / or soiling of the primer layer 15, for example when transporting a transfer film 1 to be used according to the invention, and can be removed from the primer layer 15 before the transfer film 1 is used.
- the protective layer 18 preferably comprises at least one carrier layer 19a made preferably of a polyester, a polyolefin, a polyurethane or a combination thereof, in particular made of PET.
- the protective layer 18 can be an in particular self-supporting lacquer layer.
- the lacquer layer is for example made of polyurethane with a thickness between 10 pm and 250 pm and can be used before
- Transfer film 1 are removed from the primer layer 15.
- the protective layer 18 can be a lacquer layer that is in particular not self-supporting.
- the lacquer layer has binders, for example based on polyester and / or maleinate resins and / or polycarbonates, and has a thickness between 0.1 pm and 5 pm, preferably 0.5 pm to 2 pm and can be used during the use of the transfer film 1 on the primer layer 15 remain and in particular at least partially dissolves when the
- Primer layer 15 is brought into contact with the still flowable building material mixture.
- the at least one carrier layer 10a of the protective layer 18 further preferably has a layer thickness between 4 miti and 100 miti, preferably between 10 miti and 50 miti.
- the protective layer 18 may further comprise at least one release layer 19b, which is on the side of the primer layer 15 facing the
- Protective layer 18 is arranged.
- the at least one release layer 19b can have at least one wax, preferably montan ester wax, at least one silicone, at least one
- the method according to the invention for producing a decorated, mineral composite body 2 using at least one multilayer film 1, T comprises the following steps:
- Building material mixture which comprises water and at least one mineral binder, on the at least one inner surface 31 of the molding element 30, preferably formwork,
- the multilayer film 1, T has a carrier layer 10, 10 'and a transfer layer 13, 13' arranged on the carrier layer 10, 10 'and containing at least one decorative element, wherein the transfer layer 13, 13 'has at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 on the side facing away from the carrier layer 10, 10', and
- the at least one multilayer film 1, T in and / or after step c) with the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 is arranged on the dimensionally stable, mineral green body 3a, a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body 3 being obtained, and
- the at least one shaped element 30 used in the method according to the invention comprises at least one outer surface and at least one inner surface 30, wherein the at least one inner surface 31 of the shaped element 30 can preferably have a two-dimensional or three-dimensional geometric shape.
- the inner surface 31 of the molded element 30 can also have a structuring in the form of a macroscopic and / or microscopic structure.
- the at least one to be used according to the invention is preferably, the at least one to be used according to the invention.
- Multi-layer film 1, T may be at least partially decorated by at least one decorative roller or contain at least one decorative pattern.
- a protective layer 18 optionally arranged on the side of the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 facing away from the carrier layer 10, 10 ' is preferably brought into contact before the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 with the flowable or plastically deformable, mineral building material mixture, and / or, in the case of alternative II), preferably at least partially, preferably completely, removed before arranging the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 on the dimensionally stable, mineral green body 3a.
- a decorated, dimensionally stable, mineral green body 3 preferably comprises an at least partially solidified mineral building material mixture and at least one transfer layer 13, 13 ′ which is at least partially arranged on at least one surface of the green body 3 and contains at least one decorative element, the one facing the green body 3 Side of the transfer layer 13, 13 'is formed by at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15, which with the
- Green body 3 is at least positively connected.
- at least one carrier layer 10, 10 ′′ is also arranged on the at least one transmission layer 13, 13 ′′ on the side of the transmission layer 13, 13 ′′ facing away from the green body 3.
- a decorated mineral composite body 2 according to the invention in particular produced according to a method of claims 1 to 26, comprises a mineral substrate S and at least one transfer layer 13, 13 ', which is at least partially arranged on at least one surface of the substrate S and contains at least one decorative element, the side of the substrate S facing the
- Transfer layer 13, 13 by at least one anionically functionalized
- Primer layer 15 is formed, which is at least positively connected to the substrate S.
- the mineral substrate S of the decorated, mineral composite body 2 preferably comprises or consists of at least one, at least partially hardened mineral building material, which is selected from the group consisting of concrete, mortar, sand-lime brick, ceramics and combinations thereof. Further preferably, at least one carrier layer 10, 10 'is arranged on the at least one transfer layer 13, 13', the at least one transfer layer 13, 13 'and the at least one carrier layer 10, 10' forming a multilayer film 1, T, which is preferably in the form of a laminating film is trained.
- a multilayer film 1, T which is preferably designed as a laminating film, can preferably be made smaller than the at least one surface of the substrate S, on which the transfer layer 13, 13 ', which contains at least one decorative element, is at least partially arranged, preferably bonded his.
- a multilayer film 1, T which is preferably designed as a laminating film, can be as large as the at least one surface of the substrate S on which the transfer layer 13, 13 ', which contains at least one decorative element, is at least partially arranged, preferably bonded, be designed.
- a multilayer film 1, T which is preferably designed as a laminating film, can be made larger than the at least one surface of the substrate S on which the transfer layer 13, 13 ', which contains at least one decorative element, is at least partially arranged, preferably bonded be, with further preference the multilayer film 1, T forming a protrusion at least on one edge of the decorated mineral composite body 2.
- the protrusion of the multilayer film 1, T can be connected by joining a production process, for example by flanging, folding and / or bending after arranging the multilayer film 1, 1 'on at least partial areas of the at least one surface of the decorated object, by connecting two or more decorated according to the invention Allow composite bodies 2.
- the transfer layer 13, 13 ′′ and / or the transfer layer 10, 10 ′′ can be modified after application to the decorated mineral composite body 2, for example by at least partial application, preferably
- Layer for example protective layer and / or lacquer layer
- a multilayer film 1, T to be used according to the invention is preferably applied by sequential, preferably full or partial, application of the individual layers of the transfer layer 13, 13 'to the transfer layer 10, 10' by methods known in the art, for example by printing methods such as gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or digital printing and / or flexographic printing and / or inkjet printing and / or offset printing, and / or by casting processes such as slot casting.
- the layers produced using these methods are, for example
- Protective layers, barrier layers, decorative layers, adhesion promoter layers, adhesive layers, release layers, color layers which can in each case be present over the entire surface and / or partially.
- Metal oxide layers can be applied, for example, by methods known in the prior art, for example physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the layers produced using these methods are, for example
- Reflection layers conductive layers, barrier layers, decorative layers, which can be present over the entire surface and / or partially.
- At least one decorative layer is vapor-deposited onto the replication layer, preferably in regions or over the entire surface, after an optically active surface structure has been molded into a replication layer.
- the at least one anionically functionalized primer layer 15 of the transfer layer 13, 13 ' is first transferred onto the transfer layer 10, 10', which can comprise at least one carrier layer made of a polyester, a polyolefin, or a combination thereof, in particular PET arranged or applied one of the aforementioned printing and / or casting processes, further preferably the at least one anionically functionalized
- Primer layer 15 is applied.
- the at least one anionically functionalized is further preferred
- Primer layer 15 is produced using an aqueous polymer dispersion which has a pH of 6.5 or more, preferably 7.1 or more, preferably 7.5 or more, preferably 8.0 or more, more preferably 8 , 5 or more, more preferably 9.0 or more, more preferably 9.5 or more, in each case measured at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a pressure of 1013 mbar.
- a PET carrier coated with an at least 50 nm thick layer of a montan ester wax was coated with an aqueous layer
- Neocryl A-45 DSM Coating Resins B.V.
- a mixture of water and isopropanol solids approx. 15%, typically with a
- the coating was applied to constant weight in a standard climate (air temperature of 23 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%) in accordance with DIN EN ISO 291: 2008- 08 ("Plastics - Normal climate for conditioning and testing (ISO 291: 2008) - German version EN ISO 291: 2008, date of issue: 2008-08) dried and formed a closed transfer layer of the transfer film.
- the PET carrier was then removed from the concrete, the
- FIG 8 shows a composite body produced, the top side of the composite body being formed by the transfer layer adhering to the concrete.
- 6 cuts were cut vertically and 6 cuts horizontally (at an angle of 90 ° to the vertical cuts) into the coating down to the substrate.
- the cutting width was dependent on the layer thickness of the coating.
- a so-called tesa test was also carried out on the transfer layer of the multilayer film.
- a 45 mm long and 25 mm wide self-adhesive adhesive strip (Tesa brand, type 4657) was placed on one with the
- Multilayer film and / or the transfer layer of the multilayer film coated solidified building material mixture glued in the middle without wrinkles and bubbles and pressed on manually.
- the solidified and coated building material mixture was clamped in a material testing machine Z005 from ZwickRoell GmbH & Co. KG (Ulm, DE). At a pull-off angle of 90 °, the adhesive strip was peeled off at a speed of 500 mm / min, and the force which was necessary to detach the adhesive strip from the multilayer film and / or the transfer layer of the multilayer film was measured.
- the transfer layer of the multilayer film remained largely completely on the solidified building material mixture and only the adhesive strip was removed again.
- the force measured was between 400 cN and 1000 cN.
- the adhesive force between the multilayer film and / or the transfer layer of the multilayer film to the solidified building material mixture should accordingly be higher than this measured adhesive force, since after the adhesive strip has been detached from the
- Multi-layer film and / or the transfer layer under this measured adhesive force no defects occurred on the multi-layer film and / or the transfer layer of the multi-layer film.
- Tear-off edges / breaking edges clearly a thin layer of concrete adhered to the polymer. It was also shown that the concrete was mechanically “anchored” in the polymer layer. In particular, it was shown that the polymer layer formed a closed and smooth surface that seals the concrete.
- Neocryl A-45 in a mixture of water and isopropanol, solid approx. 15% coated with a brush.
- Example 1 After the coated concrete mixture had dried out, as indicated above in Example 1, the test specimen obtained was examined visually. Despite the higher application weight of the coating, no closed film formed on the coated surface after the concrete had dried out, as can be seen in FIG. 11.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018125312.5A DE102018125312A1 (de) | 2018-10-12 | 2018-10-12 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dekorierten, mineralischen Verbundkörpers, dekorierter, mineralischer Verbundkörper und Verwendung einer Mehrschichtfolie |
| PCT/EP2019/073725 WO2020074188A1 (de) | 2018-10-12 | 2019-09-05 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines dekorierten, mineralischen verbundkörpers, dekorierter, mineralischer verbundkörper und verwendung einer mehrschichtfolie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3863983A1 true EP3863983A1 (de) | 2021-08-18 |
Family
ID=67909374
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19765983.2A Pending EP3863983A1 (de) | 2018-10-12 | 2019-09-05 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines dekorierten, mineralischen verbundkörpers, dekorierter, mineralischer verbundkörper und verwendung einer mehrschichtfolie |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12187654B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3863983A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN112805262A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018125312A1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TWI829773B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020074188A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020109909A1 (de) | 2020-04-08 | 2021-10-14 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dekorierten, mineralischen Verbundkörpers, dekorierter, mineralischer Verbundkörper und Verwendung einer Mehrschichtfolie |
| CN114873968B (zh) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-07-21 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | 高抗裂混凝土及其成型方法和应用 |
| CN121270192B (zh) * | 2025-12-10 | 2026-03-31 | 湖北中南路桥有限责任公司 | 一种高抗折路桥铺装层水泥及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL159906C (nl) * | 1975-11-04 | 1981-07-16 | Veldhoen Jan Hendrik | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een cementprodukt met een deklaag van kunststof. |
| DE3926578C1 (de) * | 1989-08-11 | 1990-07-26 | Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co, 8510 Fuerth, De | |
| GB9400663D0 (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1994-03-09 | Ucb Sa | Aqueous polyurethane resin compositions |
| JP2967515B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-28 | 1999-10-25 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 耐久性グラビアインキ並びにそれを用いた化粧材及び転写シート |
| ATE307788T1 (de) * | 2001-12-22 | 2005-11-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur beschichtung eines zementhaltigen formteiles |
| DE10343726B4 (de) * | 2003-09-22 | 2007-06-14 | Celanese Emulsions Gmbh | Betonformkörper mit hohem Glanz, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| EP1829699A1 (de) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-05 | Helmut Szynka | Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Farbdekors auf ein Substrat |
| EP2159204A1 (de) * | 2008-08-25 | 2010-03-03 | Gypsmix SARL | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauelements, das mindestens eine feuerbeständige Seite hat |
| DE102009031478A1 (de) | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Mehrschichtkörper |
| WO2011092130A1 (de) * | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-04 | Basf Se | Beschichtungsmittel enthaltend kompositpartikel |
| DE102013106827A1 (de) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mehrschichtkörpers sowie Mehrschichtkörper |
| US11046107B2 (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2021-06-29 | Tarkett Gdl S.A. | Actinic radiation cured polyurethane coating for decorative surface coverings |
| DE102015109597A1 (de) | 2015-06-16 | 2017-01-05 | Bond-Laminates Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kunststoffformkörpers, Kunststoffformkörper und Formwerkzeug |
| DE102015115748A1 (de) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | Kennwert RD GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von integrierten Schaltungen auf bzw. in Beton |
| DE102017104658B4 (de) * | 2017-03-06 | 2022-06-23 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Decals und ein Decal sowie ein Verfahren zum Dekorieren von Oberflächen von Gegenständen |
-
2018
- 2018-10-12 DE DE102018125312.5A patent/DE102018125312A1/de active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-09-05 CN CN201980066227.7A patent/CN112805262A/zh active Pending
- 2019-09-05 US US17/283,576 patent/US12187654B2/en active Active
- 2019-09-05 WO PCT/EP2019/073725 patent/WO2020074188A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-09-05 EP EP19765983.2A patent/EP3863983A1/de active Pending
- 2019-10-02 TW TW108135716A patent/TWI829773B/zh active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210340068A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 |
| TW202021764A (zh) | 2020-06-16 |
| CN112805262A (zh) | 2021-05-14 |
| US12187654B2 (en) | 2025-01-07 |
| WO2020074188A1 (de) | 2020-04-16 |
| TWI829773B (zh) | 2024-01-21 |
| DE102018125312A1 (de) | 2020-04-16 |
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