EP3859144A1 - Atténuation des vibrations à l'arrêt d'une éolienne - Google Patents

Atténuation des vibrations à l'arrêt d'une éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3859144A1
EP3859144A1 EP20154371.7A EP20154371A EP3859144A1 EP 3859144 A1 EP3859144 A1 EP 3859144A1 EP 20154371 A EP20154371 A EP 20154371A EP 3859144 A1 EP3859144 A1 EP 3859144A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wind
vibration
orientation
wind turbine
rotor axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20154371.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Samuel H. Hawkins
Jesper Winther Staerdahl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
Original Assignee
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS filed Critical Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
Priority to EP20154371.7A priority Critical patent/EP3859144A1/fr
Priority to EP21701894.4A priority patent/EP4048886A1/fr
Priority to CN202180011943.2A priority patent/CN114981537A/zh
Priority to US17/794,288 priority patent/US20230066258A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2021/050397 priority patent/WO2021151643A1/fr
Publication of EP3859144A1 publication Critical patent/EP3859144A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0296—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
    • F03D7/0268—Parking or storm protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/321—Wind directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/334—Vibration measurements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and to an arrangement of mitigating, in particular standstill, vibrations of a wind turbine not receiving energy from a utility grid and further relates to a wind turbine comprising the arrangement.
  • a wind turbine comprises a wind turbine tower, a nacelle mounted on top of the wind turbine tower, wherein in the nacelle a rotor shaft drives an electric generator. At the rotor shaft, plural rotor blades are mounted.
  • the wind turbine may not receive power from the utility grid in order to operate particular components of the wind turbine such as a yawing system and blade pitching system.
  • the wind turbine may be idle and may in particular stop operation through use of a braking device. In either situation the wind turbine is considered to be at standstill.
  • Standstill vibrations such as vortex induced vibrations, of a wind turbine tower may occur at specific wind speeds during standstill when the wind turbine is not in operation. These vibrations may occur at all rotor alignments, but the hazardous build-up of these vibrations most frequently occurs when the alignment of the rotor is not aligned with the incoming wind direction, wherein the rotor is considered to be aligned if the rotor plane is perpendicular to the incoming wind direction, or equivalent to the rotor shaft being parallel to the wind direction.
  • Standstill vibrations initiating at the rotor blades may occur due to unsteady aerodynamics of airfoils at large angles of attack.
  • the rotor blades of a wind turbine typically operate such that the airfoils which comprise the blade interact with the wind at small angles of attack.
  • the wind may interact with these airfoils at large angles of attack.
  • the unsteady aerodynamics associated with these large angles of attack often result in a decrease in aerodynamic damping and in some cases negative damping.
  • a wind turbine in a fully functioning state will align the rotor with the wind to reduce overall loading hereby minimizing risk of vibration build-up due to high blade damping.
  • the turbine might be in situations where vibration can occur in low damped directions with a high risk of catastrophic vibration build-up.
  • the at-rest position of components can be designed to minimize these vibrations.
  • the structure itself can provide some amount of damping as can the interaction between the foundation and the soil.
  • the wind turbine can be designed such that the natural frequencies of the structures do not align or match with the dominant frequencies of the vortices or other forms of unsteady aerodynamics created by the wind turbine.
  • a method of mitigating a vibration of a (in particular standstill) wind turbine (in particular not connected to a utility grid) not receiving power from a utility grid comprising: receiving power from an energy storage system of the wind turbine; utilizing the power received from the energy storage system: to detect a wind direction and to adjust an orientation (in particular using a yawing system) of the rotor axis of a rotor shaft (to be in a favourable orientation with respect to the detected wind direction) if a criterion is satisfied taking into account at least the relative orientation of the rotor axis and the detected wind direction and/or taking into account a level of the vibration.
  • Standstill vibration may refer to all types of vibrations which might happen at standstill such as mentioned above.
  • Vortex induced vibrations (ViV) of the tower are one type, but others exist such as unsteady aerodynamics of blade airfoils in deep stall.
  • a wind turbine at standstill may refer to a wind turbine at rest with or without a braking device applied, i.e. a standstill turbine may also be slowly (rotating) idling.
  • the method may be executed or performed by an arrangement for mitigating a vibration of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method may for example be performed by a controller implementing the arrangement, the controller being an entire wind turbine controller or being part of a wind turbine controller.
  • the vibration may relate in particular to a vortex induced vibration or a vibration involving oscillating movements of the tower, blades and/or the nacelle.
  • energy received from the energy storage system may be utilized to adjust the orientation of the rotor axis of the rotor shaft such as to be in a favourable orientation with respect to the detected wind direction.
  • a favourable orientation may for example be obtained when the wind direction is at least approximately parallel to the direction of the rotor axis.
  • the favourable orientation may be the desired orientation during disconnection from the utility grid and during standstill of the wind turbine.
  • the rotor blades may be pitched to be in a feathered position such that a leading edge of the blade faces the wind.
  • the energy storage system may be implemented in different configurations as will be explained below.
  • the energy storage system may provide electric energy to a wind direction sensor and the yawing system which is configured to adjust the orientation of the rotor axis.
  • the detected wind direction may relate to the actual (three dimensional) wind direction or the wind direction projected onto a horizontal plane (thus being two dimensional).
  • the criterion is based on the relative (three dimensional or two dimensional projected) orientation of the rotor axis and the detected wind direction and/or level of vibration.
  • the criterion may be based on further factors as will be explained below. Not only vortex induced vibration in a direction parallel to the rotor axis but also other kinds of vibrations may be damped or mitigated when the wind turbine is adjusted such that the rotor axis direction substantially coincides or is more closely aligned with the wind direction (at least projected onto a horizontal plane). Thereby, components of the wind turbine may be protected from potential damage. Furthermore, energy resources of the energy storage system may be saved when the orientation of the rotor axis is adjusted only if the criterion is satisfied. Thereby, effective damping may be provided and mitigating or even avoiding potentially dangerous vibrations of portions of the wind turbine including in particular the tower, blades and/or the nacelle may be achieved.
  • Yawing may be performed not only if there is a certain yaw misalignment beyond a certain threshold, but also if vibrations are detected, e.g. larger than a vibration threshold. E.g. if a vibration level builds up the wind turbine may be yawed towards alignment between rotor axis and wind direction (e.g. towards a more favourable orientation).
  • the orientation of the rotor axis is not adjusted if the criterion is not satisfied and/or wherein the criterion comprises that there is an unfavourable orientation of the wind direction relative to the rotor axis direction or that there is the build-up of vibrations.
  • the orientation of the rotor axis may only be adjusted if the orientation of the rotor axis relative to the detected wind direction would lead to an unfavourable situation potentially allowing excitation of potentially dangerous vibrations or if vibrations are detected. Thereby, energy resources of the energy storage system may be saved for other more dangerous situations or circumstances.
  • the unfavourable orientation of the wind direction relative to the rotor axis direction may be a setting, which includes the risk of exciting a vibration of the nacelle and the tower in a direction aligned with or being colinear with the rotor axis.
  • the orientation of the rotor axis may be adjusted such that the unfavourable orientation is not present any more.
  • passive measures to dampen already existing vibrations may be applied which have been described above.
  • the unfavourable orientation is defined by an angle ⁇ between the wind direction and the rotor axis direction satisfying: 120° > ⁇ > 60°, in particular 110° > ⁇ > 70°, further in particular 100° > ⁇ > 80°.
  • the angle ⁇ may be defined as an angle including the wind direction and the rotor axis direction both projected onto a horizontal plane.
  • An angle ⁇ of approximately 90° may be considered as a most unfavourable orientation, since in this situation, the wind direction is perpendicular to the direction of the rotor axis which may be equivalent to the statement that the wind direction lies within the plane of the rotor blades.
  • the plane of the rotor blades may be substantially perpendicular to the direction of the rotor axis.
  • the angle range ⁇ _unfavourable defining the unfavourable orientation may also depend on a wind speed which may be measured and accounted for in other embodiments.
  • embodiments of the present invention may set the particular range defining the unfavourable orientation in dependence of the wind speed.
  • a favourable orientation is defined by an absolute value ⁇ _absolute of the angle ⁇ between the wind direction and the rotor axis direction satisfying: ⁇ _absolute ⁇ 70°, wherein the orientation of the rotor axis is not adjusted if a favourable orientation is present.
  • a most favourable orientation may be present which to a maximal extent may mitigate the vibration, in particular vortex induced vibration being an oscillatory movement of the nacelle and parts of the tower in a direction parallel to the rotor axis. If the orientation of the rotor axis is not adjusted if a favourable orientation is present, energy resources of the energy storage system may be saved in particular for situations where an unfavourable orientation may be present in the future.
  • the method further comprises detecting a wind speed, wherein the criterion further comprises that the wind speed is in an unfavourable wind speed range, in particular depending on the wind direction relative to the rotor axis direction.
  • the axis of the rotor may not be adjusted to be in a favourable orientation, thereby saving energy in the energy storage system.
  • the wind speed is lower than a particular threshold, no adjustment of the orientation of the rotor axis needs to be performed even if the actual orientation is an unfavourable orientation.
  • the wind speed is in an unfavourable wind speed range may depend on the wind direction relative to the rotor axis direction. Thereby, considering also the wind speed may in an even improved way protect components of the wind turbine while saving energy of the energy storage system.
  • plural unfavourable wind speed ranges are defined in association with different orientations of the wind direction relative to the rotor axis direction, wherein the criterion further comprises that one of the unfavourable wind speed ranges associated with the respective orientation is present, wherein at least one of unfavourable wind speed ranges is in particular defined in that the wind speed is greater than a threshold depending on the orientation.
  • an associated wind speed range may be defined which represents an unfavourable situation, in particular meaning a situation where excitation of unwanted or undesired vibration may occur.
  • a multi-dimensional logic may be implemented defining under which circumstances involving orientation of the rotor axis relative to the wind direction and also considering wind speed a readjustment of the direction of the rotor axis is to be performed.
  • effective protection of components of the wind turbine may be achieved as well as saving energy of the energy storage system.
  • the criterion further comprises that rotor blades mounted at the rotor shaft are pitched to be in a feathered position or at least deviating from a feathered position by at most 20°, in particular 10°, further in particular 5°.
  • the feathered position may be a position in which an upstream edge of the rotor blade faces the wind, when the wind impacts in a direction parallel to the rotor axis towards the hub of the wind turbine at which the rotor blades are mounted.
  • the feathered position may be the standard idle pitch position of the rotor blades. In the feathered position, impacting wind (from the front) will lead to limited rotation of the rotor, also referred to as idling rotation.
  • the wind turbine When in the feathered position the wind turbine may be prone to be excited into a vortex induced vibration, since the damping of a vibration parallel to the rotor axis may be minimal.
  • the feathered position has to be adopted, since during disconnection from the utility grid it may be desired or even necessary to keep the wind turbine standing still.
  • the energy storage system may provide electric energy to one or multiple sensors capable of detecting motion, in particular vibration involving oscillating movements of the tower, blades and/or the nacelle.
  • the method further comprises measuring, in particular using one or more accelerometers and/or strain sensors and/or inclinometers, a strength of the vibration of a portion of the wind turbine, in particular in the location where vibrations are expected to be greatest, e.g. top part of the tower or nacelle or blades, wherein the criterion comprises that the strength of the vibration is larger than a vibration strength threshold, in particular depending on the unfavourable wind speed range and/or unfavourable orientation.
  • This embodiment further may save energy of the energy storage system, since only in the case the measured vibration is considerable or in particular above the vibration strength threshold reducing the vibration may be necessary.
  • the vibration may be so small that even when in an unfavourable orientation and/or in a unfavourable wind speed range, readjustment of the rotor axis direction may not be necessary. Thereby, energy of the storage system may be saved for more dangerous situations.
  • the vibration strength threshold may be set to be the lower the higher the detected wind speed and/or the more unfavourable the orientation of the rotor axis is relative to the wind direction.
  • the detection of vibration beyond a predetermined threshold may cause an adjustment of the orientation of the rotor axis toward closer alignment with the wind direction.
  • measuring the strength of a vibration comprises detecting a oscillating motion of the tower, blades and/or the nacelle., the method in particular further comprising: filtering the measured strength of the vibration to extract a strength of standstill vibration.
  • the oscillating motion of the tower, blades and/or the nacelle may be identified or detected due to a pre-known or at least calculable frequency which is expected for such a oscillation.
  • the expected frequency of the oscillation may be calculated using physical characteristics of the wind turbine tower and the nacelle and the rotor blades, in particular taking into account mass, material, geometry and structural properties.
  • the filtering may in particular comprise frequency filtering.
  • a fundamental mode or one or more higher harmonic modes of the oscillation may be detected.
  • the energy storage system comprises a generator powered by a combustion engine, in particular Diesel motor, and/or a battery system and/or a fuel cell.
  • a combustion engine in particular Diesel motor
  • a battery system and/or a fuel cell thereby, conventionally available energy storage systems may be supported.
  • the electric energy provided by the energy storage system may be appropriately transformed to a desired voltage and/or converted to have a desired frequency, as is necessary for the yawing system and/or a wind direction/speed detector and/or vibration detection systems.
  • the method further comprises determining a remaining energy capacity of the energy storage system; sending information about the remaining energy capacity to an operator, in particular if the remaining energy capacity is less than an energy threshold.
  • the above-mentioned unfavourable or favourable orientations and unfavourable angle ranges or wind speed ranges may be selected.
  • the orientation of the rotor axis may only be adjusted, if in a more and more unfavourable orientation or unfavourable situation.
  • the method further comprises recharging the energy storage system using energy provided by the rotating wind turbine rotor, in particular via a wind turbine generator, in particular only if the remaining energy capacity is less than the energy threshold.
  • the wind turbine may be prepared for a potential future disconnection from the utility grid. The recharging may for example be performed when the available power producible by the wind turbine is larger than the power as required by a wind turbine operator or grid operator.
  • an arrangement for mitigating a vibration of a wind turbine not receiving power from a utility grid comprising: an energy storage system of the wind turbine; a wind direction sensor; in particular one or more vibration sensors; a yawing system; a processor, wherein the arrangement is adapted to supply power received from the energy storage system: to the wind direction sensor and/or vibrations sensors to detect a wind direction, and level of vibrations, respectively, and to the yawing system to adjust an orientation of the rotor axis of a rotor shaft if the processor determines that a criterion is satisfied taking into account at least either the relative orientation of the rotor axis and the detected wind direction or taking into account the level of vibrations.
  • the arrangement may for example be a software and/or hardware portion of a wind turbine controller and/or other components of the wind turbine.
  • the processor may for example be a software portion or a hardware portion of a wind turbine controller.
  • a yawing system and a wind direction sensor and vibration sensors may be available or included in a conventionally available wind turbine.
  • the arrangement may comprise a switching system or switching capability for being able to selectively supply electric energy from the utility grid to the yawing system during normal operation or supply energy from the electric storage system to the yawing during disconnection from the utility grid in particular during standstill of the wind turbine.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may detect vibrations and yaw, and/or pitch the blades (and/or rotate the rotor) until vibrations are lowered.
  • the figure schematically illustrates a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention illustrated in the figure includes a nacelle 3 mounted on top of a wind turbine tower 5, wherein the wind turbine nacelle 3 harbours a rotor shaft 7 at which plural rotor blades 9 are mounted.
  • the wind turbine further comprises an arrangement 11 for mitigating a vibration 10 of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the arrangement 11 comprises an energy storage system 13, a wind direction sensor 15 and one or more vibration sensors 22, a yawing system 17 and a processor 19.
  • the arrangement 11 is adapted to supply power received from the energy storage system 13 to the wind direction sensor 15 to detect a wind direction and to one or more vibration sensors 22 to detect (e.g.
  • the energy storage system 13 provides energy to the wind direction sensor 15 as well as to the yawing system 17 in a case where the wind turbine 1 is disconnected from a utility grid 21 and in particular does not receive any energy from the utility system 21.
  • a breaker 23 connecting the wind turbine 1 during normal operation to a point of common coupling 25 to which potentially plural other wind turbines 26 are connected is opened such that the wind turbine 1 is disconnected from the utility grid 21 which is connected to the point of common coupling 25 via a wind park transformer 27.
  • the wind turbine 1 comprises a not illustrated generator which is driven by the rotor shaft 7 and which outputs AC power 29 during normal operation.
  • the method carried out by the arrangement 11 of mitigating a vibration 10 of the wind turbine is performed during disconnection from the utility grid 21 in particular during standstill of the wind turbine 1, i.e. while the rotation shaft 7 is not rotating or is slowly rotating/idling.
  • the method avoids a vibration involving an oscillating movement 10 of the nacelle 3 and parts of the tower 5 in a direction aligned with the direction of the rotor axis 18.
  • a vibration, in particular vortex induced vibration, in this direction 18 is in particular excited when the wind direction 16 is substantially perpendicular to the rotor axis 18.
  • ⁇ _unfavourable an unfavourable orientation of the wind direction 16 relative to the rotor axis direction 18 is present potentially exciting undesired vibrations in the direction of the rotor axis 18.
  • This angle range may be defined by an angle ⁇ between the wind direction 16 and the rotor axis 18 satisfying 110° > ⁇ > 70°, for example.
  • this unfavourable orientation range may be defined by other angle ranges.
  • a favourable orientation range of the wind direction 16 and the rotor axis direction 18 may be denoted as ⁇ _favourable which may be defined in that the deviation of the wind direction from the direction of the rotor axis 18 is for example less than 70°.
  • the wind direction sensor 15 may also be capable of measuring a wind speed and the decision whether to adjust the orientation of the rotor axis 18 may also depend (beside the relative orientation of the rotor axis 18 and the wind direction 16) on the value of the measured wind speed.
  • the rotor blades 9 may be pitch adjusted such that a leading edge 31 is oriented at a front plane and a trailing edge 33 as is arranged at a back plane. This pitch position is also referred to as a feathered position producing limited driving force to the rotor even if wind hits at the front plane.
  • the energy storage system 13 may be recharged using energy evolving from the rotating rotor, in particular provided by the generator of the wind turbine upon rotation of the rotor 7.
  • the wind turbine 1 is designed with an energy storage system 13, capable of providing power to the wind turbine's auxiliary systems in the event of a loss of power from the grid or network. At a minimum this energy storage system provides power to a wind direction sensing system 15 and/or one or more vibration sensors, a controller or processor 19, and a system 17 for aligning the orientation of the rotor plane (i.e. a yaw system).
  • this energy storage system becomes active in the event of a loss of grid power to the wind turbine. While in this off-grid situation, the wind direction sensing system determines the predominate wind direction.
  • An unfavourable range of rotor alignments relative to the wind direction is included as information within the controller (e.g. in an electronic storage of processor 19). If the relative wind direction is in proximity to an unfavourable alignment range then the controller commands the yaw system to adjust the alignment of the rotor.
  • the unfavourable range may be by a deviation of +/- 70° deg. away from the predominate wind direction.
  • the unfavourable range may also be biased to wind from the left-hand or right-hand side of the rotor plane and may also consist of multiple ranges. For example, it may be unfavourable to have an alignment 70° to 110° deg. and -60° to -120° relative to the wind direction.
  • a further embodiment of this invention also includes to measure the wind speed.
  • the controller determines when the wind speed is in an unfavourable range in combination with the relative wind direction. In this way, energy is conserved if the wind speed is outside of the range where standstill vibrations are likely.
  • the controller may include a dynamic set of unfavourable ranges of relative wind directions which are determined as a function of the wind speed in order to avoid standstill vibrations and to conserve energy in the most optimal way.
  • a further embodiment of this invention also includes to measure the vibration or motion of the wind turbine structure at any location with either a single sensor or a plurality of sensors.
  • the motion of the wind turbine will be monitored by the controller to detect the early occurrence of standstill vibrations.
  • This monitoring can be combined with one or both of the previous embodiments, such that the alignment of the rotor is only changed if early occurrence of standstill vibrations is detected. This further conserves energy, while preserving the wind turbine structure.
  • the early occurrence of standstill vibrations may be detected using accelerometers, strain measurements, inclinometers, or any other sensor technology capable to detecting the motion of wind turbine components.
  • the sensors are capable of detecting vibrations at the top of the wind turbine tower representing the first fundamental mode of vibration. This motion detection involves the use of digital signal filtering to monitor only the frequency associated with this mode of vibration and therefore avoid reacting to motion not associated with ViV.
  • the yaw alignment is adjusted based on that, regardless of the criteria relating to "unfavorable range". Measurement of wind direction may still be necessary to align with the wind, but for the decision to yaw or not to yaw "favorable" and “unfavorable zones" may not have relevance.
  • a further embodiment of this invention involves one or more sensors placed at different locations and used to detect the first fundamental mode of vibration along with additional higher-order modes and also the vibrations of other wind turbine components including the blades. In this way, the motion detection involves filtering for multiple frequencies.
  • the energy storage system 13 may be comprised of a Diesel (or other fuel) powered generator, configured to turn on and off automatically in the event of a grid loss, or a battery storage system or a fuel cell or any other form of energy storage.
  • a Diesel (or other fuel) powered generator configured to turn on and off automatically in the event of a grid loss
  • a battery storage system or a fuel cell or any other form of energy storage In the most simplistic application, the energy storage system has sufficient energy capacity to provide energy for a known duration of time while the wind turbine is off grid. In this configuration the energy storage system is capable of being resupplied by wind turbine operators at regular intervals, to avoid a loss of available energy. This may involve refuelling of Diesel generators or replacing or recharging of batteries.
  • a further embodiment of this invention includes providing information on the remaining energy capacity to the controller 19 and then providing this information over a communication system to operators 20.
  • the energy capacity e.g. fuel level, battery state-of-charge
  • a communication message is sent to the operator 20 to provide information that the energy must be resupplied.
  • a further embodiment of this invention includes using the rotor of the wind turbine to provide electrical power for recharging of the energy storage system.
  • the energy storage system may be of a type which is capable of being resupplied using electrical power, e.g. a battery system or fuel cell using hydrogen formed by electrolysis. In this way, the energy storage system provides power for operation of the wind turbine in the absence of grid power. Once the wind turbine is in operation, it may provide power back to the energy storage system to sustain the energy supply.
  • a further embodiment of this invention extends the previous embodiment by using the controller to monitor the remaining energy in the energy storage system and only operating the wind turbine when the energy supply is approaching depletion.
  • the energy storage system may be located physically within the wind turbine, outside and nearby the wind turbine, or at a location separate from the wind turbine and possibly serving a plurality of wind turbines at the same time.
  • This invention may significantly lower the risk of structural damage due to standstill vibrations during the lifetime of the wind turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
EP20154371.7A 2020-01-29 2020-01-29 Atténuation des vibrations à l'arrêt d'une éolienne Withdrawn EP3859144A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20154371.7A EP3859144A1 (fr) 2020-01-29 2020-01-29 Atténuation des vibrations à l'arrêt d'une éolienne
EP21701894.4A EP4048886A1 (fr) 2020-01-29 2021-01-11 Atténuation des vibrations d'arrêt d'une éolienne
CN202180011943.2A CN114981537A (zh) 2020-01-29 2021-01-11 减轻风力涡轮机的停滞振动
US17/794,288 US20230066258A1 (en) 2020-01-29 2021-01-11 Mitigating standstill vibrations of a wind turbine
PCT/EP2021/050397 WO2021151643A1 (fr) 2020-01-29 2021-01-11 Atténuation des vibrations d'arrêt d'une éolienne

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20154371.7A EP3859144A1 (fr) 2020-01-29 2020-01-29 Atténuation des vibrations à l'arrêt d'une éolienne

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EP3859144A1 true EP3859144A1 (fr) 2021-08-04

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EP20154371.7A Withdrawn EP3859144A1 (fr) 2020-01-29 2020-01-29 Atténuation des vibrations à l'arrêt d'une éolienne
EP21701894.4A Pending EP4048886A1 (fr) 2020-01-29 2021-01-11 Atténuation des vibrations d'arrêt d'une éolienne

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EP (2) EP3859144A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114981537A (fr)
WO (1) WO2021151643A1 (fr)

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EP4194688A1 (fr) * 2021-12-08 2023-06-14 General Electric Renovables España S.L. Système et procédé de commande de pas de pale sur des pales de rotor d'éolienne pour réduire les vibrations et limiter les charges dans un état verrouillé du rotor d'éolienne
EP4194686A1 (fr) * 2021-12-08 2023-06-14 General Electric Company Système et procédé de commande de pas de pale de pales de rotor d'éolienne pour réduire les vibrations et limiter les charges dans un état verrouillé du moyeu de rotor
US12037984B2 (en) 2021-12-08 2024-07-16 Ge Infrastructure Technology Llc System and method for controlling blade pitch of wind turbine rotor blades to reduce vibrations and limit loads in a locked condition of the rotor hub

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EP4350142A1 (fr) 2022-10-04 2024-04-10 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Système d'alimentation auxiliaire et commande pour éoliennes rurales et/ou hors réseau

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US8360723B2 (en) * 2009-09-30 2013-01-29 General Electric Company Method for reducing vibrations in wind turbines and wind turbine implementing said method
US20180266391A1 (en) * 2015-01-15 2018-09-20 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Power management system for wind turbine(s) being connected to a power supply with a limited capacity
CN110185581A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-08-30 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 一种柔性塔架风电机组停机、停机保护方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4194688A1 (fr) * 2021-12-08 2023-06-14 General Electric Renovables España S.L. Système et procédé de commande de pas de pale sur des pales de rotor d'éolienne pour réduire les vibrations et limiter les charges dans un état verrouillé du rotor d'éolienne
EP4194686A1 (fr) * 2021-12-08 2023-06-14 General Electric Company Système et procédé de commande de pas de pale de pales de rotor d'éolienne pour réduire les vibrations et limiter les charges dans un état verrouillé du moyeu de rotor
US12012934B2 (en) 2021-12-08 2024-06-18 General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. System and method for controlling blade pitch on wind turbine rotor blades to reduce vibrations and limit loads in a locked condition of the turbine rotor
US12037984B2 (en) 2021-12-08 2024-07-16 Ge Infrastructure Technology Llc System and method for controlling blade pitch of wind turbine rotor blades to reduce vibrations and limit loads in a locked condition of the rotor hub

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20230066258A1 (en) 2023-03-02
CN114981537A (zh) 2022-08-30
EP4048886A1 (fr) 2022-08-31
WO2021151643A1 (fr) 2021-08-05

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