EP3857700A1 - Thermionic capacitor chargeable by soret-effect using a gradient temperature - Google Patents
Thermionic capacitor chargeable by soret-effect using a gradient temperatureInfo
- Publication number
- EP3857700A1 EP3857700A1 EP19787450.6A EP19787450A EP3857700A1 EP 3857700 A1 EP3857700 A1 EP 3857700A1 EP 19787450 A EP19787450 A EP 19787450A EP 3857700 A1 EP3857700 A1 EP 3857700A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thermionic
- capacitor according
- electrolyte
- electrodes
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007737 ion beam deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007592 spray painting technique Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000313 electron-beam-induced deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011855 lithium-based material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- DGTVXEHQMSJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [O-]P(F)(F)=O DGTVXEHQMSJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001052394 Homo sapiens [F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024306 [F-actin]-monooxygenase MICAL1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- XRFVWBYRRWQPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-]P(F)(F)=O.CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 Chemical compound [O-]P(F)(F)=O.CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 XRFVWBYRRWQPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005619 thermoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature, comprising nanostructured-carbon electrodes and a polymer solid-gel electrolyte comprising cations and anions thermodiffusable under a gradient temperature between said electrodes by Soret-effect.
- thermoelectric generator using the Soret effect comprising a composition in a closed container provided with means to prevent convective flow within the container when the mixture is molten while permitting flow of ions and of vapour to maintain a concentration gradient within the composition in the presence of a temperature gradient.
- the generator operates on the principle that a temperature gradient applied across the solution produces a steady-state concentration gradient which results in a voltage between inert electrodes.
- thermoelectricity and supercapacitance The thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature was produced using cost- effective components, regarding the electrodes, solid-gel electrolyte and design.
- a thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature that integrates two different mechanisms in a single multi-tasking device, such as: Electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) mechanism and Soret effect.
- EDLC Electric double-layer capacitor
- Soret effect belongs to the supercapacitor store charge category, which involves the reversible adsorption/desorption of the electrolyte ions onto the surface of a porous electrode material.
- the Soret effect or Ludwig-Soret effect or Soret diffusion is a mechanism belonging to the thermoelectric phenomenon; it involves ion thermodiffusion which occurs in a material composed by different species that respond differently to the temperature gradient and in this stage the ions separation will occur.
- a thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature that works when exposed to a temperature gradient.
- it can be manufactured wherein both electrodes are patterned in-plane, herewith also referred as planar, or in a multilayer sandwich configuration, herewith also referred as layered, and the established temperature gradient can thus be in plane (horizontal) or out-of-plane (vertical), respectively.
- a thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature comprising a first and a second nanostructured-carbon electrodes and a polymer solid- gel electrolyte comprising cations and anions thermodiffusable by Soret-effect under a gradient temperature between said electrodes.
- a temperature gradient can be defined as a progressive temperature difference between said electrodes.
- the nanostructured-carbon provides electrical conductivity and also thermal conductivity, which allows to create circuits that are both electrical and thermal - delivering heat and electricity as part of the structure of the electrodes.
- the thermionic capacitor is planar and the electrodes are arranged along two separate regions of a planar substrate being separated by an intermediate region of said substrate, with the electrolyte being laid over said electrodes and said intermediate region.
- each of the electrodes has protrusions and recesses for meshing with recesses and protrusions of the other electrode, provided that the electrodes are not in electrical contact.
- the structured temperature-diffusing electrodes allow the creation of temperature gradient shapes, for example created by meandering-shaped electrodes, which improve efficiency by creating more useful area for the Soret-effect and improve the compactness of the device.
- the protrusions and recesses for meshing with recesses and protrusions refer to a structure comprising teeth of a gearwheel engaging with another gearwheel, provided that as in the present disclosure the electrodes do not make direct electrical contact.
- the electrodes are interdigitated.
- Interdigitated electrodes can be defined as two electrodes that interlock like the fingers of two hands about to clasp, such that each electrode, i.e. the fingers of each hand, do not touch the other electrode as in the context of the present disclosure.
- the planar substrate is rigid, in particular made of glass, silica, cork, or metal sheet.
- the planar substrate is flexible, in particular made of polyethylene terephthalate - PET, polyethylene naphthalate - PEN, polyethersulfone - PES, polyimide - PI, Kapton, polytetrafluoroethylene - PTFE, polypropylene - PP,
- B poly(methyl methacrylate) - PMMA, polyvinyl chloride - PVC, latex, paper, rubber, a flexible sheet of cork, or thin metal foil.
- the thermionic capacitor is layered and each electrode is a nanostructured-carbon coated layer, and comprises an intermediate layer of electrolyte between the electrode layers, wherein said layers form a stack.
- the layered thermionic capacitor comprises a textile layer which is:
- the layered thermionic capacitor comprises two textile layers and an electrolyte embedded in said textile layers, wherein a first textile layer is coated on a side by nanostructured-carbon forming a first electrode and a second textile layer is coated on a side by nanostructured-carbon forming a second electrode, the two textile layers being stacked onto each other such that the two sides having electrodes of the textile layers are facing outwards.
- the electrolyte is embedded from in-between the two textile layers.
- the textile is a woven or knitted fabric comprising cotton, polyester, silk, polyamide, or combinations thereof.
- the textile is a non-woven fabric.
- the electrode nanostructured-carbon comprises carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, carbon fibres, carbon aerogel, or combinations thereof.
- either or both electrodes comprise nanostructured-carbon metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, MXene - 2D transition metal carbide, TMD - transition metal dichalcogenide, MOF - Metal-organic framework, black phosphorus, lithium based material, organic conducting polymer, or combinations thereof.
- either or both electrodes are obtained by layer-by-layer deposition, screen printing, lithography, spray painting, inkjet printing, sputtering deposition, ion beam deposition, electron beam deposition, chemical vapour deposition, dip-pad-dry process, chemical etching, or optical and mechanical patterning.
- the electrolyte comprises a polymer and an ion donor of thermodiffusable cations and anions by Soret-effect.
- the electrolyte comprises a mixture of:
- phosphoric acid - H3P04 sulphuric acid - H2S04, potassium hydroxide - KOH, potassium sulfate - K2S04, potassium chloride - KCI, sodium sulfate - Na2S04, lithium hydroxide - LiOH, lithium sulfate - U2S04, or combinations thereof.
- the electrolyte comprises poly(vinyl alcohol, PVA.
- the electrolyte polymer comprises phosphoric acid - H3P04.
- the electrolyte is an organic electrolyte comprising: tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate - TEABF4, tetraethylammonium difluoro(oxalato)borate - TEAODFB, spiro-(l,10)-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate - SBPBF4, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate - Bu4NBF4, or combinations thereof, dissolved in:
- acetonitrile - ACN propylene carbonate - PC, adiponitrile - ADN or 1, 1,1, 3,3,3- hexafluoropropan-2-ol - HFIP, or combinations thereof.
- the electrolyte is a ionic liquid comprising l-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate - [EMIM][BF4], l-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium- thiocyanate - [EMIM][SCN], l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM] [BF4], l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate - [EMIM] [TCB], 1-ethyl- 3-methylimidazolium difluorophosphate - [EMIM][P02F2], or combinations thereof.
- An embodiment comprises two metallic current collectors each electrically connected to each said electrode.
- the metallic current collectors are made of deposited metallic layers, in particular deposited metallic layers comprising aluminium, gold, silver, copper, platinum, in particular deposited by layer-by-layer deposition, ion beam deposition, sputtering deposition, chemical vapour deposition, screen printing, lithography, spray painting, inkjet printing, or combinations thereof, further in particular aluminium.
- said cations and anions are selected such that said cations move towards the first electrode and said anions move towards the second electrode under thermophoretic force caused by the gradient temperature in the direction between said electrodes.
- the disclosure also includes an electronic device comprising the thermionic capacitor according to any of the disclosed embodiments, in particular the electronic device being a wearable electronic device.
- the electronic device comprising the thermionic capacitor also comprises a complementary electric power source, in particular a photovoltaic panel, a triboelectric generator, a piezoelectric generator or a magnetic induction generator.
- a complementary electric power source in particular a photovoltaic panel, a triboelectric generator, a piezoelectric generator or a magnetic induction generator.
- Figure 1 Shows a (a) schematic 2D representation of an embodiment of a thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature with a 2D planar configuration on a flexible substrate, PET, and (b) schematic 3D representation of an embodiment of a thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature with a planar configuration on a flexible substrate.
- Figure 2 Schematic 2D representation of an embodiment of a self-charge thermionic with a sandwich-type configuration on a textile substrate, cotton.
- Figure 3 Schematic representation of the working mechanism an embodiment of a thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature in: a) planar and b) sandwich (layered) configuration.
- Figure 4 Summary of the heat flow influence when it is using the two different embodiments with configurations of the disclosure, of a ionic thermoelectric micro supercapacitor with a solid-gel electrolyte that creates an embodiment of an assembled thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature.
- the open- circuit voltage vs. time for the device in a) planar and b) sandwich configuration was studied.
- Figure 5 Photographic reproduction of infra-red emissions from a planar embodiment according to the disclosure.
- FIG. 1 The configuration of the planar Thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature is shown in Figure 1.
- Figure 2 The configuration of the planar Thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature is shown in Figure 2.
- the present disclosure is eco-friendly and easy scalable, for example with the screen-printing and dip-pad-dry manufacturing processes, contributing to the reduction of the manufacturing costs.
- the devices of the present disclosure are able to avoid electrolyte leakages and can also be made to be adapted and/or adaptable to different shapes and forms.
- the ability to harvest energy and store it simultaneously using a wide range of sources, allows the disclosed sturdy and robust devices to be used in diversified areas.
- planar Thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature is schematically represented.
- the planar Thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature ( Figures la and lb) is fabricated in flexible substrate, such as PET (Al) with 18 cm 2 (4.5 cm x 4 cm) and thickness of ⁇ 0.076 mm.
- the electrical contact of this device is optimized with the aim to promote the conduction of the charges in the ionic thermoelectric device to the external circuit.
- Two reversed Au electrical contacts (A2) separated between each other by 1.6 cm, and shaped with 1.49 cm 2 and 50 nm of height were produced using the sputtering technique.
- the second mask was produced by photolithography process and filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
- MWCNTs solution concentration of 10 mg/mL
- A3 was used to produce interdigitated electrodes constituted by four stripes interconnected between them (1.52 cm 2 ) and shaped with 2 cm of length, 0.2 cm of width and 8 pm of height.
- the electrolyte solution up to 400 pL (A4) was overspread making a coating- top on the electrodes with an area of 7.5 cm 2 .
- the textile thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature is schematically represented.
- the textile thermionic capacitor chargeable by a gradient temperature is fabricated using cotton fabric (warp: 3726, weft: 52 threads) with 10 cm 2 (2 cm x 5 cm).
- the dip-pad-dry process was used to coat the commercial cotton fabric.
- the cotton substrate (Bl) was dipped into the MWCNTs dispersion and then submitted to a padding process to remove the excess of MWCNTs.
- the assembly MWCNT-coated fabric (B2) was dried.
- two MWCNTs-coated fabrics were coated with the electrolyte solution (B3) and then stacked together face- to-face. (B4) represents the assembly between the electrodes and the electrolyte.
- Figure 5 shows a photographic reproduction of infra-red emissions from a planar embodiment according to the disclosure, clearly showing the thermal circuit provided by the shape-structured electrodes, which allows shaping the thermal gradient between electrodes as desired.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PT115035A PT115035A (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2018-09-24 | SORET EFFECT CHARGABLE THERMOIONIC CONDENSER USING A TEMPERATURE GRADIENT |
PCT/IB2019/058099 WO2020065533A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | Thermionic capacitor chargeable by soret-effect using a gradient temperature |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3857700A1 true EP3857700A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
Family
ID=68242786
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19787450.6A Pending EP3857700A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | Thermionic capacitor chargeable by soret-effect using a gradient temperature |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3857700A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT115035A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020065533A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114316750A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-12 | 方亨 | Method for improving corrosion resistance of vinyl resin |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112018346A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-01 | 五邑大学 | Phosphorus-doped CoSe2Mxene composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN112018353A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-01 | 五邑大学 | WTE2/MXene composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN112053860A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-08 | 大连理工大学 | Two-dimensional Ni-MOF/Ti applied to super capacitor3C2Preparation method of (1) |
CN112911920B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-09-02 | 浙江环龙新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of MXene-carbon aerogel/TPU composite material |
CN113224228A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-06 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Flexible wearable thermoelectric generator |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3554807A (en) | 1966-09-06 | 1971-01-12 | Atomic Energy Commission | Thermoelectric elements comprising bismuth-bismuth bromide or bismuth-bismuth chloride |
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2018
- 2018-09-24 PT PT115035A patent/PT115035A/en unknown
-
2019
- 2019-09-24 EP EP19787450.6A patent/EP3857700A1/en active Pending
- 2019-09-24 WO PCT/IB2019/058099 patent/WO2020065533A1/en unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114316750A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-12 | 方亨 | Method for improving corrosion resistance of vinyl resin |
CN114316750B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-06-07 | 方亨 | Method for improving corrosion resistance of vinyl resin |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT115035A (en) | 2020-04-27 |
WO2020065533A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
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