EP3856365A1 - Systeme de prevention et d'intervention pour la lutte contre les incendies et procede de mise en oeuvre d'un tel systeme - Google Patents
Systeme de prevention et d'intervention pour la lutte contre les incendies et procede de mise en oeuvre d'un tel systemeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3856365A1 EP3856365A1 EP19789866.1A EP19789866A EP3856365A1 EP 3856365 A1 EP3856365 A1 EP 3856365A1 EP 19789866 A EP19789866 A EP 19789866A EP 3856365 A1 EP3856365 A1 EP 3856365A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drone
- fire
- module
- central station
- control unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
- A62C3/0242—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft by spraying extinguishants from the aircraft
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0271—Detection of area conflagration fires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U10/00—Type of UAV
- B64U10/10—Rotorcrafts
- B64U10/13—Flying platforms
- B64U10/16—Flying platforms with five or more distinct rotor axes, e.g. octocopters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
- B64U2101/30—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for imaging, photography or videography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
- B64U2101/45—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for releasing liquids or powders in-flight, e.g. crop-dusting
- B64U2101/47—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for releasing liquids or powders in-flight, e.g. crop-dusting for fire fighting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
- B64U2201/10—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2201/00—UAVs characterised by their flight controls
- B64U2201/10—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS]
- B64U2201/104—UAVs characterised by their flight controls autonomous, i.e. by navigating independently from ground or air stations, e.g. by using inertial navigation systems [INS] using satellite radio beacon positioning systems, e.g. GPS
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
- G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of fire prevention and intervention systems.
- the field relates in particular to mobile firefighting intervention equipment.
- Document DE10201 6212645 proposes a fire intervention system which combines a fire alarm system comprising a central unit and a plurality of detectors, with a drone.
- the triggering of a detector sends an alert to the central unit which then sends the drone a set signal comprising an intervention zone and a reference fire state.
- the drone while moving to the presumed place of the fire, performs checks by its detection means before triggering an extinguishing action.
- the drone may in particular comprise a container equipped with a dispersion nozzle for releasing, on fire, an extinguishing agent such as water, foam or carbon dioxide. We understand that such a drone makes it possible to avoid untimely triggering of fire-fighting measures.
- the present invention aims to further improve the responsiveness of existing fire systems.
- a zone security system comprising a central station in communication link with drones, each drone comprising at least one localization unit in the zone and a propulsion unit controlled by a trajectory control unit, characterized in that each drone comprises: - a fire detection unit comprising at least one thermal camera,
- a fire intervention unit comprising at least one container retaining a gas capable of combining with oxygen to suppress a fire, this gas being liberable by an opening for expelling the container under the action of a trigger and
- the central station is in communication link with fire detection units each associated with a determined location, these fire detection units being able to send geo-localized alerts to the central station .
- the gas capable of combining with oxygen to smother the fire preferably combines with the hot oxygen molecules, the result of the combination of the gas with the oxygen occurring under the form of a gas harmless to human beings, the gas capable of combining with oxygen to smother the fire being stored in solid form and sublimating in contact with air by promoting its expulsion.
- control unit stores the number of containers available, this number being decremented on each new release and transmitted to the central station.
- each extinguisher drone comprises an obstacle detector module in communication with the control unit, the obstacle detector module calculating a new trajectory as a function of the current trajectory and as a function of a solid obstacle detected or as a function of an obstacle corresponding to a space in which the temperature exceeds a maximum memorized threshold.
- each drone comprises an anemometer and a module for determining the force and the direction of the wind, the control unit further comprising a module for determining the intervention position from the data provided by the wind strength and direction determination module.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method of implementing a security system according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises:
- each drone sends to the central station an information message representative of the number of operational containers, each time a new container is triggered.
- the invention advantageously provides an automated prevention and intervention system for fighting fires.
- the reactivity time is improved in particular due to decision-making by the drone, whether rolling or flying, and the fact of diffusing a gas combining with oxygen atoms to smother the fire.
- Extinguishing drones can, for example, broadcast the entire contents of a cartridge held by an arm and oriented towards fire.
- a flying drone can also drop a cartridge into or near the fire.
- the fire-fighting system allows intervention at an early stage while ensuring the safety of personnel.
- an existing alarm system comprising alarm triggering devices is coupled to a central station and to fire extinguisher drones carrying out both prevention and intervention operations.
- Each fire extinguisher drone can be assigned to a part of the monitored area that it sweeps regularly.
- Fire extinguisher drones can therefore reinforce a detection system and make it possible to detect fires even in the event of a deficiency in alarm detection devices.
- fire extinguisher drones can also communicate directly with each other to overcome the limits of the telecommunications network.
- the system of the invention is therefore a system that is both preventive and reactive, which makes it possible to improve intervention times compared to systems of the prior art.
- FIG. 1a shows a schematic representation of an exemplary system of the invention
- FIG. 1b shows a schematic representation of an example of an extinguisher drone according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic example of the division into parts of the surveillance zones of a site to be protected
- FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of an exemplary method according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a drone comprising an on-board control unit according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic example of an on-board control unit as illustrated in Figure 4;
- FIG. 6 shows an example of implementation of a detection and avoidance function
- FIG. 7 shows an example of implementation of a secure landing function
- FIG. 8 shows an example of implementation of a surface tracking function
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic example of a drone according to the invention comprising in particular an on-board control unit and an autopilot module;
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic example of a drone system according to the invention
- the SY security system is both a preventive system, that is to say surveillance for fire detection and a reactive system, that is to say rapid intervention on detected fires.
- the objective of the intervention may be to extinguish the fire, especially if it is early, or to contain the fire before reinforcements arrive, especially if the fire is widespread.
- the site to be protected can be indoors, that is, it can be a closed building like a factory or warehouse, or outdoors, that is, it can be an outside perimeter, like a perimeter around a factory.
- the site can also be mixed, that is to say include at least one building and a perimeter around the building (s).
- the SY system can advantageously supplement a pre-existing fire alarm system on the site to be protected, comprising at least one DA alarm triggering device.
- DA alarm triggering devices can be manual, such as a push button, or automatic, such as a smoke detector or a heat detector.
- the SY system illustrated in Figure 1a, has a central station SS connected to the DA alarm triggering devices of the fire alarm system.
- the central station SS receives an alert from a trigger device DA when it has tripped.
- the central station SS is connected to several DA alarm triggering devices.
- the SY security system also includes fire extinguisher drones
- DR. DR fire extinguisher drones are unmanned vehicles. DR fire extinguisher drones can be aircraft or land vehicles. These fire extinguisher drones can therefore be flying or rolling or have several modes of mobility including, for example, a flying mode and a rolling mode.
- fire extinguisher drones can make decisions without receiving instructions from an operator.
- the DR fire extinguisher drones for example of the aircraft type, comprise a control unit UC.
- Control unit is understood to mean a data processing device comprising for example a processor or other calculation bodies and one or more memories storing, for example, program data, drivers, also known in English as drivers, or data representative of the environment from one or more sensors.
- the UC control unit for example, records and processes data such as mission data and data from sensors.
- the mission data correspond to the mission assigned to the drone.
- the control unit addressing commands to the autopilot of the control unit allows the control unit in particular to modify its current mission to adapt to its environment.
- the control unit UC carries out, for example, the execution of programs which can call on subroutines to perform functions and sub-functions for processing the stored data.
- a functional module is for example composed of one or more functions or sub-functions carried out by one or more programs or sub-programs and executed by one of several calculation bodies, the execution data being stored temporarily or permanently.
- the control unit UC thus comprises modules which can perform functions and which can communicate with one another so as to be able to cooperate.
- Each DR fire extinguisher drone is for example assigned to a ZS part of the monitored area. As shown by way of example in FIG. 2, each part of the monitored zone ZS comprises at least one fire extinguisher drone DR and at least one alarm triggering device DA.
- the monitored area is divided into five parts of monitoring areas ZS1, ZS2, ZS3, ZS4 and ZS5 of variable sizes.
- the surveillance zone part ZS1 thus comprises two DR fire extinguishing drones and a DA alarm triggering device
- the surveillance zone part ZS2 comprises a DR fire extinguisher drone and a DA alarm triggering device
- the surveillance zone part ZS3 has a DR fire extinguisher drone and two DA alarm trigger devices
- the surveillance zone part ZS4 has a DR fire extinguisher drone and two DA alarm trigger devices
- the surveillance zone part ZS5 has a DR fire extinguisher device and a DA alarm triggering device.
- the number of DR fire extinguisher drones and the number of DA alarm triggering devices in a given part of the ZS surveillance zone may for example depend on the area of the part of the ZS surveillance zone or on the probability that a fire declares itself in this part ZS. Indeed, a part of the ZS surveillance zone comprising a toxic products processing unit has a higher probability of a fire breaking out than a part of the surveillance zone comprising an administrative building.
- the parts of the surveillance zone ZS cover the entire surveillance zone corresponding to the site to be protected.
- certain areas of the site to be protected are intentionally not covered, for example an area with an oven or a forge.
- the system SY comprises three drones fire extinguishers DR.
- Each DR fire extinguisher is capable of communicating with the central station SS.
- Drones may also be able to communicate directly with each other.
- a telecommunications network is for example a mesh network or mesh network according to Anglo-Saxon terminology.
- Mesh network means a network having a topology in which all the hosts are connected peer to peer without a central hierarchy.
- a telecommunications network is for example a radio frequency communication network, for example of the Bluetooth or WiFi type.
- the telecommunications network makes it possible in particular to exchange alerts or update or initialization signals between the central station SS and the DR fire extinguisher drones.
- the central station allows centralization of information and coordination between drones.
- the central station SS is thus configured to receive signals from the DR fire extinguisher drones when these detect a fire when scanning their part of the surveillance zone ZS.
- the central station can also receive alerts, via a wired network, from DA alarm triggering devices. Each alert relating to a fire detection or fire departure is associated with geographic location data.
- a signal comes from a DR fire extinguisher drone, it is for example associated with a PI intervention position which is the position of the fire that the DR fire extinguisher drone has detected.
- the alert is thus geo-located.
- the position of the alert can also correspond to the position of the drone.
- the autonomy of the drones allows them to detect a fire or a departure of fire from an approximate location.
- the alarm triggering devices generally transmit an approximate position, this geo-localized alert can be operated by a drone coming in reinforcement, the geo-localized alert being previously assigned to it by the central station.
- the drone with a fire detection module can also provide a precise location of the fire calculated in relation to its current position.
- the central station can also associate an intervention zone with it, this zone then being scanned by the drone to which the alert is assigned. For example, if it is a detector, it only detects consequences of the fire such as a rise in temperature or the presence of smoke and if it is an alarm button. Such an alarm only alerts to the presence of a fire nearby.
- the alert can thus be associated with an intervention zone ZI. This intervention zone will be established near the DA alarm triggering device.
- the intervention zone ZI is therefore part of the zone corresponding to the site to be protected.
- This intervention area can have a size that depends on the type of DA alarm triggering devices and on the general distribution of all the DA alarm triggering devices.
- An ZI intervention zone may have overlapping parts with the parts of zones assigned to other drones. The drones thus reinforce or supplement the fire surveillance of a system comprising alarm triggering devices.
- a drone When a drone receives a geo-localized alert in the form of an intervention zone, its control module will perform a scan of this intervention zone ZI in order to precisely locate the fire or the start of fire before to intervene on the fire.
- the drone can also report a false alert to the central station.
- the drone can also determine an intervention position, for example as a function of the force and direction of the wind, before intervening on the fire.
- the central station SS is also configured to process the alert or the alarm signal and transmit the alert or the alarm signal to at least one DR fire extinguisher.
- the processing can notably consist in the selection of one or more DR fire extinguisher drones, depending for example on the position of the DR fire extinguisher drones in relation to the PI intervention position associated with the alert or in relation to the area d ZI intervention associated with the alarm signal or depending on the availability of DR fire extinguisher drones.
- the transmission of the alert or the alarm signal to the DR extinguisher drones allows them in particular to determine a trajectory to go to the intervention position PI or to go to the intervention zone ZI and scan it to locate the 'fire.
- a scan can also be performed by going to the intervention position.
- a scan can also be performed around the intervention position.
- a DR fire extinguisher drone illustrated in FIG. 1 b, comprises at least one container RA containing a diffusible extinguishing agent and at least one trigger DE configured for, when activated, performing an action on the reserve of diffusing agent RA.
- the reserve of diffusible extinguishing agent RA is for example in the form of a cartridge of cylindrical shape closed by a plug.
- the cap is for example capable of melting from a certain temperature.
- the diffusible extinguishing agent can be contained in the reserve of extinguishing agent RA in solid, liquid or gaseous form. It may or may not be under pressure.
- the diffusible extinguishing agent is for example in the form of a gas stored in the solid state and sublimating in contact with air.
- the expelled gas combines with the oxygen molecules to smother the fire.
- the gas is preferably a gas attracted by the hot gas molecules.
- the gas is preferably of a type which does not cause material damage to the elements with which it comes into contact because the result of the combination is very largely in gaseous form.
- the gas expelled and the result of the combination with dioxygen is preferably not harmful to human health.
- drones are not limited in their interventions since even in the event of a false alarm, the diffusion of the extinguishing agent has no other consequence than the reduction of the reserves of diffusible extinguishing agent RA of the drone extinguisher DR.
- the DR fire extinguisher drone is thus programmed to intervene early as soon as a fire or the start of a fire is detected.
- the drone also gains in autonomy compared to the central station SS.
- the cartridge used comprises for example a reserve of determined volume in which is stored a compound in the solid state intended to pass directly to the gaseous state in contact with air. Sublimation facilitates expulsion in a directional jet. The expulsion time until exhaustion of the extinguishing agent is for example between 50s and 150s. The weight of the cartridge is for example between 300g and 450g.
- a container can for example be loaded on an unmanned aircraft.
- One to twenty containers are, for example, loaded on an aircraft. For land drones, the number of containers can be further increased.
- a container is for example held by a mobile arm of the drone or fixed to the DR extinguisher drone, its contents being thus released on the fire according to the positioning of the drone.
- the expulsion orifice is for example closed by a cover intended to be destroyed or another type of plug intended to be removed for the expulsion of the agent.
- the cover is for example intended to be melted under the effect of a primer.
- a container can also be dropped directly onto the fire or into a nearby area.
- the plug can be removed before dropping or in the case, for example, of a wax plug, the latter can melt directly under the effect of temperature.
- Each extinguisher drone DR comprises at least one propulsion unit UP and a trajectory control unit UT configured to control the propulsion unit UP so as to obtain a determined trajectory.
- the trajectory control unit of a flying drone comprises for example an autopilot module.
- Each DR fire extinguisher drone can include an obstacle detector. Thus an object not listed in a topology memorized by the drone and located on a calculated trajectory of the drone can be avoided.
- the UC control unit communicates with the obstacle detection module and can determine a new trajectory when an obstacle is detected on the current trajectory.
- the control unit UC can then transmit the new trajectory thus determined to the trajectory control unit UT in order to adapt the trajectory of the fire extinguisher drone DR to the presence of the detected obstacle.
- the autonomy of the drone is thus reinforced, the presence of an obstacle being taken into account automatically.
- Each DR extinguisher drone also includes at least one UD fire detection unit performing detection of a fire or the start of a fire by, for example, a thermal camera or other types of thermal sensors or a detector. smoke.
- control unit UC can be configured to determine a new trajectory when a space having an excessively high temperature is detected. This space has, for example, an average temperature above a critical threshold memorized. This ensures that the DR fire extinguisher drone remains at a sufficient distance from the fire which avoids damaging it.
- the control unit UC can also carry out a video and / or thermal acquisition relayed to the central station for verification by a human operator.
- Each DR fire extinguisher includes at least one UL location unit such as for example a GPS module.
- Each drone can also store topology data of the area to be monitored or of a part of the area to be monitored which is allocated to it.
- the control unit UC of each fire extinguisher drone DR includes a module for scanning the area of the MB. "Scanning an area” means the action of traversing that area.
- This scanning module of the area part MB is configured to determine a scanning trajectory so as to cover the whole of this area part by the thermal camera. The scanning trajectory is transmitted to the trajectory control unit UT.
- the extinguisher drone DR then follows the scanning trajectory which allows it to cover all of its part of the surveillance zone ZS so as to be able to detect there, if necessary, a fire or the start of a fire using its detection unit. UD fire detection.
- the control unit UC of each DR fire extinguisher drone also includes a communication module MA with the central station MA.
- This communication module sends at least one signal representative of an alert and comprising a location. This location is for example the position of the drone or the position of the detected fire calculated by the intervention module from the position of the drone.
- a DR extinguisher drone automatically generates a signal to signal the presence of a fire detected during the scanning of its part of the surveillance zone.
- a drone sent to the reinforcement zone will thus confirm the position of the fire or the start of the fire or provide additional information on a extent of the fire not initially known.
- the control unit UC of each fire extinguisher drone DR comprises an alert management module MG sent by the central station SS.
- This module of alert management MG receives an alert associated with a location or an intervention zone ZI.
- the alert management module then generates a new trajectory for progression towards the detected fire.
- the drone can carry out a scan to detect the fire or the start of a fire, all along the new trajectory of the drone or near the location indicated, such as in the intervention zone for example.
- the control unit UC of each DR fire extinguisher includes an MS communication management module.
- This MS communication module receives an alert signal associated with a PI intervention position issued by the central station SS or by another fire extinguisher drone DR.
- the alert management module determines a new trajectory for progression to a PI intervention position. This new trajectory is transmitted to the trajectory control unit UT.
- the control unit UC also includes a module for determining the intervention position MP from the measurements of the fire detection unit UD.
- the intervention position determination module MP evaluates the position of PI intervention according to the detected position of the fire. An intervention position is determined thanks to all the parameters characterizing a fire in addition to the environmental data relating to wind or relief.
- Each DR fire extinguisher includes a thermal camera and a unit for acquiring one or more images.
- the intervention position determination unit MP can update the intervention position calculated as a function of the thermal images successively generated by the thermal camera. The evolution of the fire is thus taken into account.
- the control unit UC of each extinguisher drone DR also includes an intervention module Ml triggering the release of the extinguishing agent from the container in the event of fire detection or the start of a fire.
- the intervention position can be calculated above the fire or the start of the fire. For example, a container is dropped above the fire. The agent's expulsion port may be destroyed before dropping or the container may be dropped directly into the fire, for example in the case of an expulsion port closed by a wax plug.
- the trajectory to the release position is for example calculated as a function of a minimum safety altitude.
- the UP propulsion unit comprises for example one or more rotary wings so as to allow hovering. More generally, the trajectories can be defined more freely and therefore adapted to each intervention situation.
- the container can also be held by a drone in the direction of the fire, at a determined distance from the fire.
- the application of the extinguishing agent is done as close to the fire and allows effective action.
- the intervention position calculation unit can generate an intervention trajectory such as a circular trajectory around the position of the fire or departure of the fire.
- each DR fire extinguisher drone may include an anemometer.
- the intervention position determination module determines an intervention position from the fire and direction position and from the wind speed. Thus, the presence of wind is taken into account in the diffusion of the extinguishing agent.
- each DR fire extinguisher drone includes for example a camera and a video acquisition unit performing an acquisition and retransmission of a video stream to the central station SS.
- the drone performs a scanning step E1.
- Each DR extinguisher drone performs a scan of the part of the surveillance zone ZS which is allocated to it and stored in memory.
- the scanning step E1 can also be followed by a substep E1 1 of reception by the central station SS of an alert associated with an intervention zone ZI, coming from an alarm triggering device DA .
- the central station After this reception, the central station performs a next substep E12 for processing and transmitting the alert to the fire extinguisher drone DR.
- the central station selects the drone.
- the central station for example, checks the conditions of proximity of the drone in comparison with the other drones, in relation to the location of the alert.
- the central station also checks the information memorized on the capabilities of the drone and in particular its reserves of extinguishing agent.
- the alert is then transmitted to the drone.
- the drone then performs a sub-step E13 of receiving the alert and determining a trajectory for progression towards the intervention zone ZI. After determining the new trajectory, the drone performs a substep E14 of transmitting the trajectory to the trajectory control unit UT. The drone thus scans to the indicated location or to the indicated intervention area.
- the scanning step E1 can also be followed by a substep E1 1 1 of reception by the fire extinguisher drone DR of a signal associated with an intervention position PI and of determining a trajectory for progression towards the PI intervention position by the alert management module.
- the alert is transmitted by the central station SS.
- the drone transmits the trajectory to the trajectory control unit UT.
- the drone then performs a scan until the location of the alert.
- the drone then performs the intervention step E2 on the fire or the start of the fire.
- the drone is for example placed on an area next to the fire and sprays the agent on the fire.
- the drone also sends its location along with fire detection or fire start information to the central station.
- the position transmitted by the drone is updated and provides additional information on the extent of the fire or its progression.
- the position of the drone also provides more precise information to the central station on the location of the fire.
- the central station performs a step of updating the parts of the surveillance zone allocated to each of the drones. Drones not requisitioned by an alert are for example distributed over a remaining area to be monitored.
- Each drone in scanning mode resets its trajectory according to the new part of the area memorized.
- This new trajectory can be calculated as a function of the data acquired by each extinguisher drone DR concerning its environment, for example by means of the obstacle detector, the smoke sensor or the thermal camera.
- the method may also include a step E4 of evaluation, by the control unit UC of the extinguisher drone DR, of the presence of a fire at the end of a time delay corresponding to the duration of action of the container.
- the drone can thus activate another container to continue its intervention on the fire if a present this fire is detected.
- One or more containers of extinguishing agent can be triggered simultaneously with each intervention.
- DR fire extinguisher drones are, for example, in the form of unmanned aircraft, as shown in FIG. 4.
- Each drone comprises a control unit UC.
- the control unit UC includes, for example, a data storage and processing UM unit and one or more CE environment sensors.
- the UC control unit is installed on a P100 flying platform including an SV flight control system.
- This control system notably includes an AP autopilot module.
- a flying platform means the assembly comprising in particular the carrying structure, the thrusters and the flight control system capable of ensuring the stability of the unmanned aircraft during the flight and the execution of flight commands.
- the flight control system further includes an autopilot module allowing the execution of the received flight commands. These commands can relate, for example, to the execution of a movement, a rotation or a trajectory within the flight space provided by the mission.
- the P100 flying platform is, for example, of the rotary wing or fixed wing type. As shown in Figure 4 the flying platform can be in the form of a hexacopter. This hexacopter is here from a commercial drone whose radio frequency control module is for example kept as a safety measure, even if a resumption of commands in manual mode by the operator, would only allow to perform maneuvers approximate in comparison to the control sequences which can be carried out by the control unit UC.
- the UM data storage and processing unit is a computing device comprising in particular a processor and a memory connected by communication, addressing and control buses, as well as interfaces and communication lines in connection with the system.
- the means for establishing this data link between the control unit and the flight control system can for example be in the form of a link via a USB port.
- the AP autopilot module is capable of managing the flight controls of the flying platform.
- the autopilot module is for example capable of executing direct instructions such as moving from a first point of determined GPS coordinates to a second point of determined GPS coordinates or traversing a given trajectory or even maintaining the flying platform in hovering flight. above a given point.
- the autopilot can also be configured to execute instructions such as forward, backward or move right or move left, at a specified speed.
- the autopilot can also be configured to execute instructions such as moving up or down, at a determined speed, or rotating to the right or left.
- the SV flight control system may also include:
- GPS module allowing in particular the execution of flight control comprising trajectories between determined geographical coordinates, - an inertial unit also designated by IMU ("Inertial Mass Unit", in English) and
- the transceiver allows for example a direct resumption of control by the operator for safety, but is however not absolutely necessary, even if in practice, this radiofrequency transceiver will be kept for additional safety or in a disabled state.
- An environment sensor is for example a rangefinder type sensor, namely a sensor capable of measuring one or more distances between the drone D and one or more objects in its environment.
- a range finder type environment sensor are a LIDAR, a RADAR or any other range finder type sensor according to English terminology.
- environmental sensor is meant a sensor generating data representative of its environment, such as for example, a sensor capable of measuring one or more distances between the drone and an object in the environment of the drone, a sensor for receiving sound signals. or digital or analog electromagnetic signals, a sensor for receiving light signals.
- a range finder can for example measure distances along a line of points according to a viewing angle of the sensor. The viewing angle can be arranged for example under the drone or in front of the drone.
- the rangefinder can also take measurements in different fields of vision all around the drone.
- the rangefinder is for example of the "range finder" type such as a LIDAR.
- control unit UC is able to use the data from the environment sensor to modify the control of the drone D by transmitting modified commands to the flight control system SV and in particular by giving commands to Flight modified in the AP autopilot module, without the need for an operator acting from a central station.
- the central station for unmanned aircraft is also referred to as a ground station.
- the decisions taken by the control unit UC on the basis of the environmental data supplied by the environment sensor (s) CE allow adaptability to different types of mission.
- the control unit programmed specifically for a mission can for example execute the mission despite certain incomplete data, such as partially known cartographic data.
- Examples of missions are for example, the exploration of a disaster area including the search for mobile terminals, with for example in the event of detection, an approach phase to establish a communication link of sufficient quality, then a stationary phase initiating a data exchange with the detected mobile terminal (s).
- the exchange of data includes, for example, the transmission of information or questions and the waiting for an answer or an acknowledgment of receipt.
- the search and communication sensor with mobile terminals is for example used in collaboration with a range finder detecting obstacles around the drone in order to stop a search flight or an approach flight in the event of obstacle detection. For example, a fire detected near a mobile terminal will be treated as a priority.
- Another example of a mission includes for example a landing in an unknown or ill-defined zone, as described in more detail below. Landing may be necessary to respond to a fire.
- a mission includes, for example, the deposit of a charge, such as a reserve of extinguishing agent, in an unknown or ill-defined geographical area.
- a charge such as a reserve of extinguishing agent
- Such a load can also be a payload itself comprising one or more sensors and communication means deployed in the field.
- FIG. 5 schematically represents an example of architecture of the on-board control unit UC.
- the on-board control unit UC includes for example its environment sensor CE generating data representative of the environment of the drone stored in memory of the storage and processing unit of UM data. Data collection is managed here by a TC data collection module.
- the UM data storage and processing unit can also transmit configuration data to the CE environment sensor.
- the UM data storage and processing unit which includes for example a processor and a memory, allows the execution of programs may use subroutines to perform functions and sub-functions for processing stored data.
- a functional module is thus composed of one or more functions or sub-functions performed by one or more programs or sub-programs.
- the computer executes in particular stored programs allowing the transmission of flight command sequences to the AP autopilot module.
- the SF05 module which performs the autopilot driver function, allows the transmission of command sequences interpretable by the autopilot.
- An obstacle avoidance S&A module for carrying out an obstacle detection and avoidance type function, also known in English as "Sense and Avoid”;
- a landing module SL for the realization of a secure landing also designated in English by "Safe Landing";
- An FS surface tracking module for performing a remote positioning function for a surface and maintaining this distance when the drone is moving, also known in English as "Follow a surface";
- the SF05 driver communication module with the SV flight control system of the platform and in particular with the AP autopilot module.
- the TC module for data collection and in particular the data from the environment sensor or even data from the SV flight control system of the flying platform such as positioning data, provided by the IMU and by the GPS , - The EX module for execution of a memorized programmed mission.
- the modules shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5 can be electronic modules physically connected in the control unit UM or can be programs or subroutines installed in the memory of the control unit UC.
- the SF04 and SF08 communication modules with a central station are used to establish a data link with the central station. Indeed, the accomplishment of a mission by a drone generally requires feedback from the drone, as for example when the mission requires exploration.
- the central station S can also transmit parameters to modify the mission, in particular as a function of the data generated by the environment sensor.
- the obstacle avoidance S&A module avoids unknown obstacles on the initially programmed path or unexpectedly occurring on this path such as moving objects.
- An example of implementation of the obstacle avoidance module will be described in more detail below.
- a drone having complex functions of adaptability to a partially unknown environment or of adaptability to a changing environment can easily be implemented.
- the FS surface tracking module allows for example to facilitate the inspection of a building, without knowing precisely the layout of this building.
- the surface tracking module can also be used to inspect another object of interest or to carry out an approach phase. An example of implementation of the surface tracking module will be described in more detail below.
- these functions provide additional autonomy to the drone by allowing it to react to many situations. So a drone losing its communication link will for example be able to continue its mission or to stop it in a safe way by a secure landing. Functions can be performed alone or in combination.
- the environment sensor can for example be in the form of a LIDAR type sensor installed on the flying platform with its angle of vision towards the before, the data generated by this sensor being used for the detection of obstacles in front of the drone.
- the S&A detection and avoidance module uses, for example, several sub-modules.
- the S&A detection and avoidance module can thus associate, thanks to the TC data collection module, time information or "timestamp" (according to English terminology) stored with each data acquired by the CE environment sensor.
- the S&A detection and avoidance module associates, with the TC data collection module, time information with each positioning datum provided by the AP autopilot module.
- Associated positioning data includes, for example, data generated by the IMU and data generated by the GPS.
- the IMU generates tilt and roll data.
- the GPS notably generates longitude, latitude and altitude data.
- the stored dated data coming from the environment sensor are then merged, by a fusion sub-module SF02, with the dated positioning data coming from the flight control system.
- Data from positioning include the inclination provided by the IMU inertial unit.
- the metadata thus obtained are then formatted using the correction sub-module SF03, processing the data representative of the environment according to the positioning information of the flying platform, so as to obtain more precise information.
- the correction consists for example in taking into account the inclinations in pitch and in roll of the drone with respect to the horizontal, for example to eliminate zones of obstacles corresponding in fact to a flat horizontal ground lying under the drone but detected from the tilts.
- the corrected information shows, for example, the presence of a surface close enough to the drone, in front of the latter, to be considered an obstacle.
- the detection threshold applied by the S&A avoidance and detection module is for example adjusted as a function of the advance speed of the drone.
- the correction sub-module SF03 allows an interpretation of the data collected to assess whether the detected objects constitute real obstacles. Thus a detected object outside the trajectory followed by the drone is not taken into account and does not trigger an avoidance action.
- the detection and avoidance module S&A can also trigger the activation of a mapping sub-module SF06 classifying in memory the corrected information having triggered the obstacle detection. All of this detected obstacle information associated with geographic positions of the drone can then be exploited, this data being representative of a map of obstacles. By triggering bypass actions, the drone then constitutes an increasingly rich obstacle map where the obstacle zones are calculated by the drone itself.
- the S&A detection and avoidance module comprises for example a sub-module SF09 for selecting an action from among several determined avoidance actions.
- An emergency stop and hover stabilization for example for a rotary-wing aircraft type drone
- the determination of a new trajectory involves the transmission of the new flight command sequence to the driver module SF05 in order to be transmitted to the autopilot module AP.
- the SF05 driver module then formats the commands addressed to the autopilot.
- the driver module SF05 By simply changing the driver module SF05, it is easy to implement the obstacle detection and avoidance function, or another function, for another platform.
- Another such flying platform comes from a commercial drone, for example.
- this instruction is for example transmitted to the autopilot module AP, via the driver module SF05 .
- a reception sub-module SF04 On reception of the message from the central station, a reception sub-module SF04 performs for example the reception and addressing of the instructions in the on-board control unit.
- the sub-module SF09 for selecting the avoidance action can also trigger several actions simultaneously or sequentially.
- the on-board processing and storage unit comprises a radio transceiver 70 in communication link with the central station.
- the landing module SL comprises, for example, the data collection module TC comprising itself, as described above:
- the SF03 correction sub-module processing data representative of the environment based on positioning information from the flying platform.
- the landing module SL can also include the mapping sub-module SF06.
- Representative data of a mapping of obstacles can be used but also enriched by data representative of obstacles detected on the ground.
- Several types of obstacles are for example memorized during the activation of the mapping sub-module SF06 according to the type and configuration of the environment sensor (s).
- a space with an average temperature above a memorized critical temperature, for example, will be considered as an obstacle at the same time as a target which should be approached as much as possible.
- the map updated by the mapping sub-module SF06 is used by the sub-module SF10 for selecting a landing zone for the drone D.
- the selection of the point or the landing zone is made on the basis previously determined criteria, such as the need for a relatively small slope, a flat surface with a determined extent of the area or even the absence of mobile obstacles.
- the obstacle map shows an extended fixed area for which the sub-module SF10 for selecting a landing area has calculated a slope and an inclination below the acceptable thresholds memorized.
- the sub-module SF10 for selecting a landing zone then stores the data representative of the geographic positioning of this validated landing zone.
- the trajectory calculation sub-module SF07 can then be activated by the landing module SL to determine the trajectory to the memorized validated landing zone.
- the flight control sequences up to the validated landing zone, generated by the trajectory calculation sub-module SF07, are then supplied to the command formatting sub-module SF05, the formatted flight control sequences then being transmitted to the AP autopilot.
- the drone can perform an exploration action, including enriching the obstacle mapping data .
- a safety landing sub-module SF1 1 can also be activated simultaneously.
- the safe landing SF1 1 sub-module triggers, during the loss of altitude, according to the data provided by the TC module. data collection, an assessment of the landing area, the accuracy of this assessment increasing as the drone loses altitude.
- the safe landing SF1 1 sub-module can also include an emergency stop function causing, for example, the drone to stop in hovering flight.
- the safe landing sub-module SF1 1 can in particular invalidate the landing zone to trigger the search for a new landing zone.
- FIG. 8 An example of implementation of the FS surface tracking module is illustrated in FIG. 8. Its purpose is for example to perform, by means of an CE environment sensor such as a LIDAR arranged with its field of vision frontally or laterally. compared to the drone, monitoring at height and distance from a substantially vertical area to be covered. The area thus traversed is for example simultaneously analyzed by another analysis sensor or by a camera of the flying platform. The analyzed data thus collected are for example associated with the detected environmental data or with the positioning data generated by the flying platform. A building can thus be analyzed quickly and precisely. It is thus possible to inspect the surface of an object whose arrangement, in particular its external surface and its orientation, is not known in advance. We could also consider tracking a surface on a moving object.
- an CE environment sensor such as a LIDAR arranged with its field of vision frontally or laterally.
- the area thus traversed is for example simultaneously analyzed by another analysis sensor or by a camera of the flying platform.
- the analyzed data thus collected are for example associated with the detected environmental
- the two-dimensional path is for example determined by an entry point B95, an exit point E97, an inspection height H99, an inspection step S96 and an inspection width D98 stored.
- the three-dimensional path is for example determined by an entry point B92, an exit point E93, an inspection height H94, an inspection width W91, an inspection depth L90 and an inspection step S89 memorized.
- the SF12 sub-module is thus adapted to generate flight commands, so as to maintain a substantially constant distance between the drone D and the surface to be inspected while traversing this surface.
- the adaptation of the mission is then carried out permanently.
- the surface monitoring module FS calls, for example, the sub-module SF08 for formatting data intended for the central station.
- This SF08 module transfers for example:
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a drone D comprising different hardware components.
- the UC on-board control unit includes an CE environment sensor and a UM data storage and processing unit.
- the on-board control unit UC also includes an energy supply module E.
- the P100 flying platform includes C flight instruments such as a GPS, an IMU ("Inertial Mass Unit”) or a camera, such as a thermal imaging camera.
- C flight instruments such as a GPS, an IMU ("Inertial Mass Unit") or a camera, such as a thermal imaging camera.
- the P100 flying platform is therefore able to execute flight commands given to it.
- the flight control system SV may also include a radio frequency communication module for communicating with a central station, in particular to allow, for security reasons, to take back commands from the central station, as explained above.
- thermal or infrared detector or even several of these detectors covering several areas around the drone.
- the P100 flying platform also includes a load transport system allowing the dropping of an extinguishing agent cartridge or the deployment in situ of a payload such as a measuring instrument in communication link with the central station .
- a D drone can thus drop payloads in different places. Again, this type of complex mission can be carried out on the basis of reasonable technical, human and financial resources.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an example of sequencing the flight of the drone D in the case of a landing function. As it appears in FIG. 11, the flight sequencing carried out by the UM control unit gives the drone considerable autonomy.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the relationships between the functions implemented by the control unit UC and the flight phases of the flying platform P100.
- flight phases are:
- control unit UC can for example carry out an analysis of the landing zone to determine a point suitable for the landing of the drone D.
- the analysis can for example be a sweeping of the ground carried out using the environment sensor.
- control unit can trigger a search by ground sweep.
- the control unit can also initiate a return to the base station or its take-off point, after a determined number of unsuccessful attempts to find landing zones.
- a mode of waiting for instructions from the base station can also be triggered by sending a specific request to the base station.
- the UC control unit can also trigger an emergency landing in degraded mode, for example if the drone's Batt battery level is too low.
- the landing zone can be selected, for example as a function of the inclination and flatness, but according to greater tolerance thresholds or according to the criterion of least ailments.
- the drone system S comprising the drone D and the central station is also suitable for many missions due to the considerable autonomy of the drone.
- the mission can for example be continued despite a temporary interruption of data link with the central station.
- the drone is notably able to trigger actions to re-establish this data link.
- the mission may also include partially known areas to be explored with feedback to the central station.
- FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an S drone system comprising:
- the elements 81 intended for the ground essentially comprise a central station B.
- the central station B can comprise supply means, means of data processing and storage, means of communication with the drone.
- the base station B makes it possible to recover the information sent by the drone D, including any instruction requests if the control unit UC cannot make a decision.
- a ground operator can for example use the base station B to send settings to the drone D.
- Drone D includes the UC control unit and the P100 flying platform.
- the flying platform includes:
- a power supply module E comprising a Batt battery and a PdM power distribution module
- a flying platform P comprising a mechanical support structure Str and propulsion means Prop.
- radio frequency radio communication module "ground / onboard communication”.
- the FLC camera can be included in the on-board control unit UC or in the flight control unit SV.
- the UC control unit thus includes modules allowing it to both interface with the P100 flying platform and to interpret the data acquired in particular by its CE environment sensor (s).
- the S drone system allows, for example, to carry out complex missions autonomously, without requiring operator intervention on the ground.
- the data communication means 80 comprise a communication link L established between a ground communication interface GL and a flight communication interface AL.
- this in-flight communication interface is included in the on-board control unit, unless otherwise indicated.
- the power supply tools 79 include in particular the batteries of central station B.
- the on-board control unit is for example supplied with energy by the battery of the flying platform.
- the drone S can also be configured during the flight, in a simple manner, for example by indicating to it an area to be monitored. For example, the operator identifies a risk area and transmits the coordinates of this area of interest to the drone. The operator communicates with the drone from the central station in communication link with the drone. This simple parameter allows the drone to adapt its mission in real time. Adaptation is in fact largely based on environmental sensors.
- the detected environment can be under the drone, above the drone, in front, behind or on the sides.
- the detections carried out by the drone are for example memorized and formatted by being associated with a corresponding geographical position before being transmitted to the central station.
- the operator will have the option of establishing communication with detected cell phones to request information directly from people on site.
- the drone returns to its starting point once the surveillance zone is fully covered.
- the functions performed by the drone will be for example:
- Another example of use case concerns for example the deployment of a charge or the activation of a cartridge.
- the drone S can take into account its real environment to accomplish its mission without requiring a high precision preliminary location. It is the drone itself which acquires the data on the field of operations in order to land, for example on the roof of a building.
- the drone S allows an efficient deployment in a simplified way by landing in an unknown or approximately known area.
- the effective deployment of a load or the activation of a cartridge of extinguishing agent indeed requires a precise location of the environment and the landing zone. Drone D when it arrives near a fire location, for example, will detect and find a landing zone with a sufficient level of security.
- Another example concerns the detection by drone D of toxic gases forming, for example, a cloud.
- Some factories have a need to detect toxic clouds that can form from their site of establishment.
- the drone system makes it possible to carry out this type of mission simply and at low cost.
- This type of toxic cloud detection can be performed preventively or in the event of an accident on the site.
- the detection of a smoke cloud or a heat source can also constitute the detection of an obstacle taken into account by the drone performing an avoidance maneuver.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1858915A FR3086545B1 (fr) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | Systeme de prevention et d'intervention pour la lutte contre les incendies et procede de mise en œuvre d'un tel systeme |
| PCT/EP2019/076019 WO2020064923A1 (fr) | 2018-09-27 | 2019-09-26 | Systeme de prevention et d'intervention pour la lutte contre les incendies et procede de mise en oeuvre d'un tel systeme |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3856365A1 true EP3856365A1 (fr) | 2021-08-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP19789866.1A Withdrawn EP3856365A1 (fr) | 2018-09-27 | 2019-09-26 | Systeme de prevention et d'intervention pour la lutte contre les incendies et procede de mise en oeuvre d'un tel systeme |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP3856365A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3086545B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020064923A1 (fr) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3109639B1 (fr) * | 2020-04-28 | 2022-04-08 | Thales Sa | Procédé d'aide à la localisation d'au moins un élément englouti au sein d'une zone prédéterminée de recherche, système et équipement électronique associé |
| CN111508181A (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-07 | 江苏理工学院 | 基于多无人机的森林防火系统及其方法 |
| CN112444824A (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-05 | 温州虎穴科技有限公司 | 一种无人机专用定位系统 |
| ES2931823A1 (es) * | 2021-06-22 | 2023-01-03 | Mateo Claveria Juliana Cora | Sistema de respuesta rápida ante situaciones de emergencia |
| CN115063942B (zh) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-29 | 广东广宇科技发展有限公司 | 消防火灾复燃监测预警方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
| CN115709800A (zh) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-02-24 | 南通大学 | 一种智能巡航灭火无人机的控制方法及系统 |
| CN115951708B (zh) * | 2023-01-04 | 2026-03-03 | 东莞理工学院 | 一种无人机集群编队控制方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120261144A1 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-10-18 | The Boeing Company | Fire Management System |
| ES2732401T3 (es) * | 2012-07-24 | 2019-11-22 | Boeing Co | Sistema de prevención y detención de incendio no controlado |
| US10046187B2 (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2018-08-14 | Leonard E. Doten | Wildfire aerial fighting system utilizing lidar |
| ITUA20164498A1 (it) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-01 | Inspire S R L | Metodo ed apparato per l'impiego di droni in applicazioni antincendio |
| DE102016212645B4 (de) | 2016-07-12 | 2018-06-14 | Minimax Gmbh & Co. Kg | Unbemanntes Fahrzeug, System und Verfahren zur Einleitung einer Brandlöschaktion |
| CN107364578B (zh) * | 2017-08-17 | 2019-01-25 | 顾瑶池 | 一种用于林场的巡视无人机 |
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2018
- 2018-09-27 FR FR1858915A patent/FR3086545B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2019
- 2019-09-26 EP EP19789866.1A patent/EP3856365A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-09-26 WO PCT/EP2019/076019 patent/WO2020064923A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2020064923A1 (fr) | 2020-04-02 |
| FR3086545A1 (fr) | 2020-04-03 |
| FR3086545B1 (fr) | 2021-03-05 |
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