EP3852958A1 - Dispositif de fabrication additive presentant une zone fondue stabilisée - Google Patents
Dispositif de fabrication additive presentant une zone fondue stabiliséeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3852958A1 EP3852958A1 EP19813629.3A EP19813629A EP3852958A1 EP 3852958 A1 EP3852958 A1 EP 3852958A1 EP 19813629 A EP19813629 A EP 19813629A EP 3852958 A1 EP3852958 A1 EP 3852958A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic field
- additive manufacturing
- generating
- independent
- time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0093—Welding characterised by the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an additive manufacturing device and to an additive manufacturing method having a stabilized molten zone.
- the additive manufacturing processes include for example the powder bed fusion or PBF (Powder Bed Fusion in English terminology) and the deposition of material under concentrated energy or DED (Directed Energy Deposition in English terminology) processes
- PBF processes consist in melting, for example by means of a laser beam, certain regions of a powder bed.
- the DED methods consist in depositing a molten material, for example by means of a laser beam, the material being brought in solid form for example in the form of a wire or powder.
- the step of passage through the liquid channel takes place at very high temperatures, of the order of several thousand Kelvin, which has the effect of reducing the viscosity and the surface tension. materials.
- the temperature gradients are very intense and, as a result, the liquid phases can be the site of instability phenomena which can go as far as breaking the bath and ejecting droplets.
- an object of the present invention to provide an additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method in which the problems of hydrodynamic instabilities, and in particular those leading to undulations of the free surface of the bath and to its fragmentation and the ejection of droplets are reduced or even eliminated.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by an additive manufacturing device for at least one part during manufacture, means for supplying the material on a support, at least one energy source for melting the material and means for generate a magnetic field independent of time at least at the melting zone of the material, the intensity of the magnetic field being such that the Hartmann number based on the maximum value of the magnetic field on the surface of the bath and the maximum depth of said fusion bath is greater than 5.
- the time independent magnetic field can be obtained by a permanent magnet or an electromagnet powered by a permanent current.
- the means for generating a magnetic field are such that the magnetic field has a symmetry of revolution with respect to an axis normal to the surface of the bath of molten material and which passes through the center of the supply zone. heat.
- these means for generating a magnetic field are also such that the magnetic field is uniform at the level of the bath and is normal to the surface of the bath.
- the means for generating a magnetic field are located on one side of the area where the part is formed, for example above directly facing the bath of molten material in order to allow the generation of a field. magnetic of sufficient intensity with limited power.
- they can be located at the right below the part under construction, the part under construction being interposed between the magnetic field generation means and the molten zone.
- the invention acts locally to stabilize the bath of molten material by limiting the energy consumption and the cost and size of the device.
- the means for generating a magnetic field comprise for example at least one permanent magnet and / or one or more electromagnets.
- the present invention therefore relates to an additive manufacturing device for at least one part comprising:
- At least one energy source intended to generate at least one energy beam to melt the material and form at least one molten zone at at least one local location in the manufacturing zone
- said means for generating a magnetic field independent of time being arranged on one side relative to the manufacturing zone where the part is intended to be manufactured.
- the means for generating a magnetic field independent of time at least in the molten zone generate a magnetic field whose intensity is such that the Hartmann number is greater than 10, and advantageously greater than 20.
- the means for generating a time-independent magnetic field advantageously generate a magnetic field having, in the molten zone, a symmetry of revolution with respect to an axis normal to a free surface of the molten zone.
- the means for generating a magnetic field independent of time can generate a uniform magnetic field, at least in the molten zone, and advantageously throughout the manufacturing zone, oriented in a direction normal to a free surface of the melted area.
- the means for generating a magnetic field independent of time can be arranged at least in line with the local location of the manufacturing area. In an exemplary embodiment, the means for generating a magnetic field independent of time are arranged above the local location.
- the means for generating a magnetic field independent of time can be mobile and their movements are controlled by the movement of the energy source.
- the supply means, the energy source and the means for generating a time-independent magnetic field are configured to move together.
- the additive manufacturing device comprises a manufacturing plate on which the part is intended to be manufactured.
- the means for generating a time-independent magnetic field can be arranged under the manufacturing plate.
- the additive manufacturing device comprises a manufacturing plate on which the part is intended to be manufactured.
- the means for generating a time-independent magnetic field may extend over part or under the entire surface of the construction plate capable of being a manufacturing area.
- the means for generating a magnetic field independent of time comprise at least one electromagnet.
- the device then advantageously comprises a control unit configured to control the supply of the electromagnet so as to maintain constant the intensity of the magnetic field in the molten zone.
- the means for generating a permanent magnetic field comprise one or more electromagnets and the control unit is configured to control the supply of the electromagnet (s) situated only at the level of at least one local location in the zone where a molten zone is intended to be formed.
- the material supply means may include a nozzle for supplying powdered material or a wire feed system and the supply means, the power source and the means for generating a magnetic field permanent are coaxial.
- the supply means deliver powdered material in the form of a powder bed.
- the present invention also relates to an additive manufacturing process for at least one part comprising:
- the magnetic field generated independent of time can be such that the electric potential in the molten zone is substantially uniform, at least in line with the energy source.
- the means for generating a magnetic field independent of time are arranged with respect to the molten zone so as to generate a magnetic field having, in the molten zone, a symmetry of revolution around a direction normal to the free surface of the melted area.
- the means for generating a time-independent magnetic field can be such that they generate a uniform field oriented in a direction normal to the free surface of the molten zone throughout the manufacturing zone.
- the time independent magnetic field is generated at the level of the molten zone at the local location of the manufacturing zone for substantially the entire duration of the production of the part.
- the manufacturing process can be a powder bed fusion process or a material deposition process.
- FIG. 1 is a general schematic representation of an additive manufacturing device showing the means of supplying the material for the part under construction, the means for supplying energy and the means for generating the magnetic field located above room,
- FIG. 2A is a schematic representation of an example of an additive manufacturing device by adding material in powder form
- FIG. 2B is a detailed view of FIG. 2A including the magnetic field lines
- FIG. 3A is a schematic representation of an example of an additive manufacturing device by adding material in the form of a wire
- FIG. 3B is a schematic representation of a variant of FIG. 3 A
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an example of an additive manufacturing device by fusion on a powder bed with devices for generating the magnetic field located below the two parts under construction,
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of another example of additive manufacturing device by melting on a powder bed, showing a plurality of magnets under the construction plate
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an example of an additive manufacturing device by melting on a powder bed in which the magnetic field generation means are located above the powder bed,
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of another example of an additive manufacturing device by melting on a powder bed in which the magnetic field generated is substantially uniform, DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
- B denotes the magnetic field and I denotes the current flowing in the electromagnet when the field is created by an electromagnet.
- the manufacturing device and the additive manufacturing method according to the invention use conductive materials, for example metallic, or even semiconductor materials.
- conductive materials for example metallic, or even semiconductor materials.
- the materials that can be used are, for example, iron, nickel, titanium, aluminum, chromium and cobalt, their mixtures and their alloys.
- the part In the PBF configuration, the part is manufactured on a construction plate, which is generally removed at the end of manufacture, and in the DED configuration, the part is manufactured on a substrate which is sometimes part of the final part. This is particularly the case for repair processes or adding functionality to existing parts.
- the manufacturing device comprises means for supplying the material 4 and an energy source 6 configured to melt the material.
- a support 2 is provided on which the part is intended to be manufactured.
- the energy source 6 is for example a laser whose beam is oriented towards the area where it is desired to manufacture the part P.
- the power of the laser can for example vary between 100 W and 5 kW.
- the heat source is an electron beam.
- the means for generating a magnetic field 8 are advantageously arranged on one side of the molten bath. In the example shown in the Figure 1, they are arranged directly opposite the bath or the ZF molten area. They generate a local magnetic field.
- the means for generating a magnetic field 8 are arranged on one side of the molten bath by considering a vertical direction, ie The means for generating a magnetic field 8 are arranged above or below the molten bath.
- This arrangement of the means for generating a magnetic field on one side of the molten bath makes it possible to achieve the desired magnetic field intensity while limiting the power of the means for generating a magnetic field.
- the drop zone varies over time, both in plan and in height. Indeed in general the parts are formed in several passes.
- the part P during manufacture is movable relative to the frame of the device in the three directions of space.
- the support 2 forming a production plate is placed on a support plate (not shown) generally mobile only in the vertical direction.
- the movements of the part and / or of the construction plate are controlled for example by a computer or a digital control.
- the Z direction corresponds to the direction of the layers during the manufacturing process.
- the X and Y directions define the plane of each layer.
- the means of supplying the material and the beam of the energy source are movable in the three directions of space with respect to the support and the part being manufactured.
- the support is mobile in all or part of the directions of space and the means for supplying the material and the beam of the energy source are mobile in all or part of the directions of space.
- the support is movable in the Z direction and the material supply means and the beam of the energy source are movable in the X and Y directions.
- the energy source for example a laser source
- the support and / or the means for supplying the material and the energy source are moved by actuators controlled by a control unit connected to a computer.
- the scanning speed can vary between 50 mm / s and several m / s and the molten area can be relatively large, typically between 100 x 100 pm 2 and 5 x 5 mm 2 .
- the inventors have determined that by applying a magnetic field of sufficient intensity to the level of the bath of molten material, it can be stabilized.
- the manufacturing device then also comprises means 8 for generating a magnetic field independent of time at least at the level of the fusion bath.
- the means 8 are configured to generate, in at least part of the bath, a magnetic field whose intensity is chosen so that the Hartmann number is greater than 5, preferably greater than 10 and even more preferably greater than 20. A these values of the Hartmann number, the critical speed of destabilization leading to the formation of instabilities is greater than the speed of convection in the molten zone, and the molten zone is therefore stabilized.
- Hartmann's number is defined by:
- H the maximum depth of the bath (in meters) of the bath, s the electrical conductivity of the material of the melt (in Siemens per meter)
- the condition on the number of Ha defined above results in a magnetic field of intensity greater than 0.07 T, preferably greater than 0.14 T, even more preferably 0.28 T.
- the conditions on the field to be applied become an intensity greater than 0.7 T, preferably 1.4 T, even more preferably 2.8 T.
- the thickness of the molten zone is significantly less in the PBF configuration than in the DED configuration .
- the molten zone is further stabilized.
- the means for generating a time-independent magnetic field include, for example, one or more permanent magnets and / or one or more electromagnets.
- the electromagnets are connected to a source of electric current, which is advantageously controlled so as to power the electromagnet (s) only during a manufacturing phase.
- the use of permanent magnets simplifies the device, since no electrical connection is required, which is particularly advantageous in the case where the means for generating the magnetic field are mobile.
- the permanent magnets are to be protected so that they are not subjected to a temperature higher than the Curie temperature.
- the Curie temperatures of Fe, Ni and Co are 1043 K, 627 K and 1388 K respectively.
- electromagnets offer greater freedom in terms of the intensity of the magnetic field independent of the time generated, they can for example allow the field produced to be modified as a function of their position relative to the molten zone.
- the magnetic field has a particular orientation and / or distribution with respect to the free surface of the molten zone, making it possible to amplify the reduction in hydrodynamic speed and therefore the instabilities.
- the magnetic field according to the invention is advantageously oriented so that the maximum angle of the field lines with the normal to the molten bath over the entire surface of said molten bath is less than 45 °, preferably 30 °, or even more preferably the field lines are substantially normal to the surface of said molten bath.
- the molten zone may provide for generating a field whose orientation makes it possible to very effectively stabilize the molten zone and to reduce the intensity of the field to reduce the energy consumed in the case of an electromagnet, which makes it possible to offer a additive manufacturing device with reduced electrical consumption while providing a stable molten area.
- the molten zone has a hemispherical shape. It has an axis of symmetry Xc normal to the free surface of the molten zone and passing through the center of the latter.
- the inventors have determined that by applying a magnetic field whose field lines have a symmetry of revolution with respect to the axis Xc, the electrical potential in the molten zone was uniform, resulting in a very effective Lorentz force to stabilize the flow.
- magnetic field generation means large enough and powerful enough to generate a uniform magnetic field in the molten area can be implemented, and by orienting the means so that the field is normal to the free surface of the molten zone, ie parallel to the axis Xc, a uniform electric potential is obtained in the molten zone and a very effective Lorentz force to stabilize the flow.
- the Lorentz force can be proportional to the square of the Hartmann number, and consequently the reduction of the hydrodynamic speed in the molten zone can be proportional to the square of the number by Hartmann.
- the molten zone does not have an axis of symmetry, in particular it elongates in the direction opposite to the movement of the hot source to allow the evacuation of the heat. It is however possible to apply the above reasoning considering that the area of application of heat by the energy source has a symmetrical shape, ie a substantially circular free surface, of axis Xc normal to the surface of the passing bath through the center of said heat application area. Under these conditions, even if the electric potential is not uniform far from the Xc axis, the application of a magnetic field of revolution around the Xc axis makes it possible to effectively limit the convection movements at the most critical locations. of the bath, namely those where the temperature is the highest.
- the depth of the bath varies for example between 50 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- this depth varies for example between 500 pm and 5 mm.
- FIG. 2A one can see an embodiment of a particularly advantageous additive manufacturing device representative of a DED configuration.
- the supply means 4 comprise a nozzle 4.1 and the material to be melted is supplied in the form of powder.
- the powder may consist of a single material or a mixture of materials.
- the means for generating a magnetic field 8 are arranged opposite the molten zone ZF. This arrangement of the means for generating a magnetic field makes it possible to achieve the desired magnetic field intensity while limiting the power of means for generating a magnetic field.
- the supply means 4, the energy source 6 and the means for generating a magnetic field 8 are coaxial along the axis Xc defined above and form an integral unit in movement.
- the different means keep fixed relative positions.
- the axis of the assembly B is advantageously orthogonal to the free surface of the fused zone ZF.
- the generation means 8 have a size sufficient to generate a magnetic field of controlled orientation and of sufficient intensity throughout the molten zone ZF.
- the coaxial arrangements of the generation means 8, of the energy source 6 and of the supply means 4 make it possible to generate a magnetic field having a symmetry of revolution around the axis Xc.
- this orientation of the magnetic field makes it possible to obtain a magnetic field of symmetry of revolution about the axis Xc in the molten zone, and a very effective Lorentz force for reducing the hydrodynamic speed in the molten zone.
- the generation means comprise an electromagnet arranged so that the magnetic field lines have the symmetry of revolution around the axis Xc.
- the turn closest to the molten bath is located at a distance varying for example between 2 mm and 5 cm, preferably 5 mm to 2 cm from the surface of said bath.
- the current flowing in the electromagnet is preferably greater than 100 A, or even greater than 1000 A if it is desired to reach fields exceeding the Tesla.
- FIG. 2B one can see a detail view of the fused zone ZF and of the magnetic field lines B generated in the device of FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3A we can see another example of embodiment in DED mode in which the material is brought in the form of a wire F, the free end of the wire F being opposite the desired deposition zone.
- the supply means 104 and the generation means 108 are coaxial, but not the energy source 106.
- the supply means 104 and the energy source 106 are oriented so that the free end of the wire F either melted by the energy supplied by the energy source 106 in line with the desired deposition zone.
- the generation means 108 are arranged substantially along the axis Xc above with respect to the molten zone so as to generate the magnetic field in the molten zone ZF without interfering with the energy source 106.
- the supply means and the energy source are integral in displacement.
- the energy source extends along a first axis A and the supply means 104 extend along a second axis B, the axes A and B being intersecting and arranged d 'one side and the other of a plane containing the axis Xc of the desired fused area.
- the generation means 108 are arranged substantially at the point of intersection of the axes above with respect to the molten zone so as to generate the magnetic field in the molten zone ZF without interfering with the energy source 106 and the wire F of material.
- the magnetic field thus generated advantageously also has a symmetry of revolution around the axis Xc.
- the electrical potential in the molten zone is uniform, the Lorenz force is then very effective.
- the melted area is then stabilized significantly.
- the turn closest to the molten bath can be located at a distance varying between 2 mm and 5 cm, preferably 5 mm to 2 cm from the surface of said bath.
- the current flowing in the electromagnet is preferably greater than 100 A, or even greater than 1000 A if it is desired to reach fields exceeding the Tesla.
- the generation means and the energy source are integral in movement, thus the generation means follow the movement of the molten zone.
- the production plate 202 is arranged on a support plate 210 able to move vertically along the axis Z.
- the device comprises a jack 212, of which is fixed the support plate 210 along of the Z axis.
- the supply means deliver powder in the form of layers of thickness varying between 40 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m over the entire extent of the LP powder bed.
- These means roller, scraper Certainly are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail.
- the energy source is for example a laser, the beam of which is configured to move on the upper surface of the powder bed in the XY plane so as to melt the powder in certain areas only of the powder bed.
- the generation means 208 comprise two elements capable of generating a magnetic field in two distinct zones of the powder bed LP, allowing the manufacture of two parts simultaneously.
- the elements 208.1 and 208.2 can be permanent magnets. They can advantageously be made in alloys of Samarium-Cobalt or Iron-Neodymium-Boron. These materials allow residual inductions to be reached on their surface exceeding the Tesla, with a Curie temperature between 700 ° C and 800 ° C for SmCo and a Curie temperature of the order of 310 ° C for FeNdB.
- the permanent magnets are in the form of a solid of revolution, their field lines have a symmetry of revolution.
- the two elements 208.1 and 208.2 are arranged under the support plate in line with the part manufacturing area and at a distance therefrom.
- the elements 208.1 and 208.2 are fixed to the jack without direct mechanical or thermal contact with the support plate.
- the elements 208.1 and 208.2 can advantageously be electromagnets.
- This arrangement of the generation means under the support plate opposite the energy source makes it possible to limit the overheating of the generation means.
- the space between the generation means and the plate forms a thermal screen.
- an insulating material acting as a heat shield can be added between the generation means and the support plate.
- Element 208.2 is even further from the heat source. In addition, it is not in contact with the support plate, the risks of heating by conduction are therefore reduced.
- the two elements 208.1 and 208.2 can be directly in contact with the support plate.
- a device with a single element for generating a magnetic field or more than two elements does not depart from the scope of the present invention.
- all the elements can be arranged at the same distance from the support plate or not, or some can be in contact with the support plate and others not.
- All the elements 208.1, 208.2 can generate a magnetic field of the same intensity or all or part of them can produce a magnetic field of different intensity.
- the generation means move away from the molten zone each time a new layer of powder is deposited.
- the generation means comprise one or more electromagnets whose supply intensity is adapted to the distance between the electromagnet (s) and the molten zone, so as to maintain the application of a magnetic field independent of the time of constant intensity in the zone or zones molten throughout the manufacturing.
- a control unit controls the supply of the electromagnet (s) as a function of the number of layers deposited.
- the generation means 308 comprise a plurality of permanent magnets made of ferromagnetic material arranged under the support plate 310 and covering the entire surface facing the production plate 302.
- the generation means 308 comprise a plurality of permanent magnets made of ferromagnetic material arranged under the support plate 310 and covering the entire surface facing the production plate 302.
- the magnets are replaced by electromagnets.
- the electromagnets in line with the part production zone or zones are supplied, or even only the electromagnets in line with the molten zone or zones subjected to the laser beam during the manufacture of the current layer, which makes it possible to reduce the power consumption of the device.
- the greater the number of electromagnets the easier it will be to generate a magnetic field only at the level of the part being manufactured.
- the power supply of the electromagnets is controlled by the scanning path of the energy source.
- the means for generating a permanent magnetic field arranged under the support plate are mobile and their movement is controlled by the movement of the beam of the energy source.
- the construction plate comprises a workpiece support 314 to allow the manufacture of parts of complex shape, in the example shown the workpiece P2 is of ellipsoidal shape.
- the support plate, the construction plate and the possible part supports are chosen from a material which is transparent to the magnetic field or which interacts little with it.
- the magnetic field generation means comprise an electromagnet 48 situated above the powder bed.
- the electromagnet is a coil and, advantageously, the energy beam crosses the coil to reach the surface of the powder bed.
- the generated field can have a symmetry of revolution with respect to the axis Xc of the molten zone.
- the electromagnet can be placed very close to the powder bed.
- the energy source 406 is fixed and it is the energy beam emitted by the energy source 406 which is oriented towards the surface of the powder bed by a mirror 416. It scans the surface of the powder bed.
- the electromagnet 408 moves in coordination with the path of the energy beam.
- the electromagnet 408 is mounted on a mobile system in the XY plane controlled by the movement of the energy beam.
- the energy beam moves at a speed of between 100 mm / s and 10 m / s, preferably 200 mm / s and 2 m / s.
- the magnetic field generation means 508 are arranged under the support plate 410 and the powder bed around the jack 412.
- the generation means are stationary. In addition, they are far from the energy source and are therefore relatively protected from the heat emitted at the molten zone.
- the generation means are located above the powder bed.
- the implementation of means for generating a magnetic field throughout the powder bed has the advantage of not having to control the movement of the means of generating a magnetic field according to the movement of the beam from the source of energy.
- the generation means comprise an electromagnet whose axis is aligned with an axis of the powder bed.
- the electromagnet is a coil and the powder bed has a shape of revolution so that the magnetic field generated crosses the entire cross section of the powder bed and is uniform throughout the powder bed.
- the winding is such that it covers the entire scanning surface
- the powder bed can be chosen to have a smaller section than the winding section.
- the generation means of the device of FIG. 7 have a certain bulk and imply a high power to generate a field independent of time throughout the powder bed.
- Means for generating a uniform magnetic field also apply to additive manufacturing devices by deposition of material, such as those of FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B.
- the generation means are arranged at a distance from the melting zone so that the temperature to which the generation means are subjected is lower in the case of a permanent magnet, at its Curie temperature, and in the case of an electromagnet at its operating temperature. It can nevertheless be envisaged in particular configurations to implement additional cooling means, for example with water or air, to control the temperature of the generation means.
- the electromagnets could be replaced by one or more magnets.
- the present invention applies to any additive manufacturing device using one or more materials which are sufficiently electrically conductive.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1860016A FR3087682B1 (fr) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | Dispositif de fabrication additive presentant une zone fondue stabilisee |
| PCT/FR2019/052543 WO2020089548A1 (fr) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-10-24 | Dispositif de fabrication additive presentant une zone fondue stabilisée |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3852958A1 true EP3852958A1 (fr) | 2021-07-28 |
Family
ID=65685638
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19813629.3A Pending EP3852958A1 (fr) | 2018-10-29 | 2019-10-24 | Dispositif de fabrication additive presentant une zone fondue stabilisée |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3852958A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3087682B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020089548A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12269091B2 (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2025-04-08 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | System and method for multimaterial powder bed patterning for use in additive manufacturing |
| CN117884657B (zh) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-06-04 | 武汉纺织大学 | 一种外场辅助激光增材制造装置及其使用方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI511823B (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-12-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 調控積層製造之裝置及其方法 |
| US20170106477A1 (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-04-20 | Delavan Inc. | Additive manufacturing systems and methods |
-
2018
- 2018-10-29 FR FR1860016A patent/FR3087682B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-10-24 WO PCT/FR2019/052543 patent/WO2020089548A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-10-24 EP EP19813629.3A patent/EP3852958A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3087682B1 (fr) | 2020-12-04 |
| WO2020089548A1 (fr) | 2020-05-07 |
| FR3087682A1 (fr) | 2020-05-01 |
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