EP3844371B1 - System zur erzeugung von energie in einem arbeitsfluid aus wasserstoff und sauerstoff und verfahren zum betrieb dieses systems - Google Patents

System zur erzeugung von energie in einem arbeitsfluid aus wasserstoff und sauerstoff und verfahren zum betrieb dieses systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3844371B1
EP3844371B1 EP19783138.1A EP19783138A EP3844371B1 EP 3844371 B1 EP3844371 B1 EP 3844371B1 EP 19783138 A EP19783138 A EP 19783138A EP 3844371 B1 EP3844371 B1 EP 3844371B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
burner
hydrogen
working fluid
steam
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Application number
EP19783138.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3844371A1 (de
EP3844371C0 (de
Inventor
Eric Robert Stevenson
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Stork Thermeq BV
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Stork Thermeq BV
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Publication of EP3844371B1 publication Critical patent/EP3844371B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/003—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/08—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being steam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for generating energy in a working fluid from hydrogen and oxygen, as well as to an operating method thereof.
  • Hot water boilers, steam boilers and furnaces are well known apparatuses for producing heated water, steam and/or other working fluids.
  • These prior art boilers and furnaces are operated by fossil fuels, like coal, oil and natural gas.
  • the produced hot water, steam and/or other working fluids can be used as such, e.g. for heating purposes in industrial processes, or fed to turbines and/or generators for generating electricity in power plants.
  • Fossil fuels produce flue gasses including carbon dioxide and NOx which compounds are considered harmful to the environment. Because thereof the use of alternative, renewable energy sources like solar, wind and wave has gained much interest. The uncertainty of the continuous availability of these energy sources is however a serious disadvantage for application in continuous processes.
  • Temporary storage of the energy generated, e.g. as hydrogen, is envisaged and implemented.
  • a water fuelled boiler using electrolysis to convert water to high pressure steam is known from US5279260A .
  • water is dissociated in an electrolysis tank provided with electrodes into oxygen and hydrogen. These products are ignited to produce high pressure steam that can be used e.g. for heating purposes or operating a steam engine or turbine.
  • US5177952A has disclosed a power system adaptable for use in terrestrial and extraterrestrial applications, which system comprises a catalytic combustor for combusting a fuel (hydrogen) and an oxidizer (oxygen) at stoichiometric conditions. The combustion efflux is combined with a third product to form a working fluid, typically steam.
  • the working fluid is used to drive an engine, a controlled portion of the exhaust of which is cooled and condensed in a condenser and fed to an electrolysis unit for reconstitution of the fuel and oxidizer, that can be temporarily stored for ultimate reuse in the combustor.
  • a combined cycle dual closed loop electric generating system comprises a gas turbine assembly and a steam turbine assembly.
  • a first portion of a working fluid circulates through the gas turbine assembly and a first heat exchanger.
  • a second portion of the working fluid circulates through the steam turbine assembly and the first heat exchanger.
  • the first heat exchanger transfers a first heat energy from the gas turbine loop to the steam turbine loop.
  • Downstream of the heat exchanger a separator assembly may be provided for separating the heat exchanged steam derived from the gas turbine assembly into a vapour portion and a liquid portion, that both are recycled to the gas turbine assembly.
  • EP2060760 has disclosed a working gas circulation engine, wherein oxygen, hydrogen serving as fuel, and argon gas serving as a working gas are supplied to a combustion chamber.
  • An upstream condenser section condenses water vapour contained in an exhaust gas to yield primary condensed water, through heat exchange of the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber with the ambient air, and discharges, as a primary-condensed-water-separated gas, a gas obtained by separating the primary condensed water from the exhaust gas.
  • the primary condensed water is stored in a water storage tank.
  • a downstream condenser section further condenses water vapour contained in the primary-condensed-water-separated gas to yield secondary condensed water, through utilization of latent heat of vaporization of condensed water stored in the storage tank, and discharges a gas obtained by separating the secondary condensed water from the primary-condensed-water-separated gas.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a system for generating energy in a working fluid from hydrogen and oxygen, which does not show the disadvantages of the above prior art systems or at least to a lesser extent.
  • Another object of the invention is to allow manufacturing the system, in particular the burner or combustor, from conventional materials.
  • a system for generating energy, in particular heat, in a working fluid from hydrogen and oxygen comprises:
  • the system according to the invention comprises a burner or combustor that is typically provided with an interrupted ignition element, wherein oxygen and hydrogen as raw materials are allowed to react to form steam.
  • the burner is operably connected to a boiler wherein the steam that has been produced in the burner is subjected to a heat exchange (typically heat pipes through which the working fluid is forced to flow) with a working fluid thereby increasing the heat content of the working fluid, such as hot water or steam.
  • a heat exchange typically heat pipes through which the working fluid is forced to flow
  • working fluid thereby increasing the heat content of the working fluid, such as hot water or steam.
  • working fluid include (thermal) oils, fluid flows of (intermediate) compounds in chemical processes, e.g. petrochemical processes.
  • boiler encompasses both boilers, wherein the working fluid is water that is heated to hot water or steam, as well as furnaces, wherein the working fluid is a medium other than water or steam, like the examples presented above.
  • boiler is used to indicate a boiler or a furnace, unless from the context it is apparent that boiler is used in a limited sense.
  • the working fluid heated in the boiler can be used, e.g. for heating purposes in an industrial plant, as well as for generation of energy.
  • the burner and boiler form a single integrated unit.
  • the heat exchanged steam is passed from the boiler to a condenser, where the steam condenses into water. Due to this condensation of steam the oxygen will be separated automatically because it is non-condensable.
  • An independent oxygen separating element in the condenser although feasible, is superfluous.
  • the water obtained in the condenser may be used as such for various purposes.
  • the oxygen/hydrogen/steam and water circuit and the working fluid circuit are not interconnected, but are separated entirely using the heat exchanging surface in the boiler, which results in a robust and versatile system.
  • a partial flow of reaction products resulting from the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen that have been subjected to heat exchange with the working fluid is recycled back to the burner thereby controlling the temperature thereof and the reaction between oxygen and hydrogen.
  • This temperature reduction by recycling steam also allows to use conventional boiler designs and materials.
  • the reaction products downstream of the boiler comprise water, whether in the form of steam or liquid as will become apparent hereinafter.
  • excess oxygen is separated in the condenser as explained above and fed into the recovery loop of oxygen. The separated oxygen is returned to the oxygen feed of the burner, in particular to the inlet of the burner. Excess oxygen is necessary for the complete combustion of hydrogen in the burner.
  • the recirculation loop for recirculation of reaction products is configured downstream of the boiler and upstream of the condenser for recirculation of non-condensed steam to the burner.
  • the recirculation loop is configured for recirculation of condensate from the condenser to the burner.
  • the system further comprises a separator for separating oxygen from the condensate (i.e. condensed steam) operably connected to the condenser.
  • the additional oxygen separator oxygen dissolved in the condensate is separated downstream of the condenser from the condensate derived from the steam.
  • a deaerator is a typical example of a suitable additional oxygen separator.
  • the condensate water
  • the separator is provided with a discharge of separated oxygen that is operably connected to the recovery loop for recycling oxygen.
  • the water from which oxygen is removed in the separator can also be used to control the combustion reaction in the burner by configuring the recirculation loop downstream of the separator for recirculation of the condensate after treatment in the separator to the burner.
  • recirculation of steam downstream of the boiler, recirculation of condensate downstream of the condenser and upstream of the separator, and/or deoxygenated water downstream of the separator serve the purpose of controlling the combustion reaction of oxygen and hydrogen in the burner.
  • the recirculation loop may be configured as a single loop based on any one of the above embodiments, but may also comprise any combination of the above embodiments.
  • system according to the invention also comprises an electrolyser for electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen having a feed for water operably connected to the separator, and outlets for oxygen and hydrogen respectively, operably connected to the respective feed of the burner.
  • an electrolyser for electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen having a feed for water operably connected to the separator, and outlets for oxygen and hydrogen respectively, operably connected to the respective feed of the burner.
  • the system according to the invention also comprises a storage of oxygen and a storage of hydrogen operably connected to the outlets of the electrolyser and upstream of the burner.
  • a continuous operation of the system can be ensured.
  • the oxygen and hydrogen may be stored in any suitable form, e.g. as pure compounds.
  • hydrogen is converted into a chemically bounded compound, like metal hydrides that can be easily stored. Buffering is particularly advantageous if the electrolyser is powered from non-fossil sources, like wind, solar and wave, the electricity generation of which is dependent on its availability due to the day/night rhythm and weather conditions.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of the system for generating energy in a working fluid of the invention is shown diagrammatically.
  • the system indicated in its entirety by reference numeral 10, comprises a burner or combustor 12 for conversion of oxygen and hydrogen into steam.
  • Oxygen and hydrogen are supplied as pure starting materials via supply lines 14 and 16 respectively from suitable sources.
  • the burner 12 upon ignition the oxygen and hydrogen are converted into steam having a high temperature.
  • the boiler 22 the steam as produced transfers a part of its heat to a working fluid, typically water thereby generating heated water and/or steam to be used in another process.
  • the working fluid is supplied by supply line 24 to heat pipes 25 arranged in the boiler 22 and the energized working fluid is discharged from the boiler 22 via discharge conduit 26.
  • the working fluid can be used as such e.g.
  • the primary steam after heat exchange exits the boiler 22 through outlet 28 to condenser 30, where the primary steam is condensed.
  • a partial flow of primary steam controlled by control valve 31 is recycled to the burner 12 for cooling thereof via recycle conduit 32 and pump or fan 34.
  • the main flow of primary steam is condensed to water in the condenser 30, where remaining oxygen, is removed from the water.
  • the water leaves the condenser 30 through discharge conduit 35.
  • the oxygen separated in condenser 30 is returned to the oxygen feed, in particular the inlet 37 of burner 12 via return conduit 38 and fan 39.
  • a recirculation conduit 55 and associated pump 56 for recirculation of a partial flow of condensate from the condenser 30 to the burner 12 is shown.
  • This conduit 55 fluidly connects the condenser 30 to the burner 12.
  • the water obtained in condenser 30 is further treated in oxygen separator or deaerator 36 in order to remove any still remaining oxygen.
  • the oxygen obtained in separator 36 is fed back to the recovering loop 38 via conduit 41.
  • the pure water is discharged via outlet 43 from device 36.
  • a partial flow of water from the oxygen separator 36 is returned to the burner 12 via return line 44, pump 46 and conduit 57.
  • the water obtained in separator 36 - in addition to a control means for the reaction in burner 12- is advantageously used as a starting material in an electrolyser 40 for electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen.
  • Water from the separator 36 is extracted through the outlet 42 thereof and passed via return line 44, pump 46 to the inlet 48 of the electrolyser 40, while a partial flow thereof is passed through conduit 57 to the burner 12.
  • the DC current for the electrolysis can be suitably obtained from non-fossil resources, such as wind, solar and wave, generally indicated by 50.
  • the outputs of oxygen 52 and hydrogen 54 of the electrolyser 40 are in fluid communication with the supply lines 14 and 16 respectively, which are also in fluid communication with oxygen buffer 18 and hydrogen buffer 20 via suitable valves (not shown).
  • the primary fluid loop of oxygen/hydrogen/steam/water is closed and fully separated from the working fluid circuit, so that contamination of the primary fluid is eliminated.
  • separator 36 allows to remove contaminating gases from the water. If desired a further oxygen/nitrogen separator may be present in line 38 in order to split oxygen from air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. System (10) zum Erzeugen von Energie in einem Arbeitsmedium aus Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff, umfassend
    einen Brenner (12) zur Verbrennung von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff zu Dampf, der mit einer Zuleitung (14) für Sauerstoff und einer Zuleitung (16) für Wasserstoff versehen ist,
    einen Kessel (22), der mit dem Brenner zum Erwärmen des Arbeitsmediums wirkverbunden ist, der eine Zuleitung (24) zum Einbringen des Arbeitsmediums und eine Ableitung (26) zum Ableiten von erwärmtem Arbeitsmedium und eine Wärmeaustauschfläche (25) für einen Wärmeaustausch zwischen dem Dampf und dem Arbeitsmedium aufweist,
    einen Kondensator (30) zum Kondensieren von Dampf und Abscheiden von Sauerstoff, der mit dem Kessel stromabwärts davon wirkverbunden ist,
    wobei mindestens ein Rezirkulationskreis (32; 55, 57) zur Rezirkulation von Reaktionsprodukten aus der Verbrennung von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff stromabwärts des Kessels zu dem Brenner bereitgestellt ist, und
    einen Rückgewinnungskreis (38) zum Rückführen eines in dem Kondensator abgeschiedenen Sauerstoffüberschusses zu der Sauerstoffzuleitung des Brenners.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Rezirkulationskreis (32) stromabwärts des Kessels und stromaufwärts des Kondensators zur Rezirkulation von nicht kondensiertem Dampf zu dem Brenner ausgebildet ist.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Rezirkulationskreis (55) zur Rezirkulation von Kondensat von dem Kondensator zu dem Brenner ausgebildet ist.
  4. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend einen Abscheider (36) zum Abscheiden von Sauerstoff aus dem Kondensat, der mit dem Kondensator wirkverbunden ist.
  5. System nach Anspruch 4, wobei der Rezirkulationskreis (57) stromabwärts des Abscheiders zur Rezirkulation von desoxygeniertem Kondensat von dem Abscheider zu dem Brenner ausgebildet ist.
  6. System nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, wobei der Abscheider (36) mit einer Ableitung (41) von abgeschiedenem Sauerstoff versehen ist, die mit dem Rückgewinnungskreis (38) zum Rückführen von Sauerstoff wirkverbunden ist.
  7. System nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, ferner umfassend einen Elektrolyseur (40) zur Elektrolyse von Wasser zu Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff, der eine Zuleitung (48) für Wasser, die mit dem Abscheider verbunden ist, und Auslässe (52, 54) für Sauerstoff bzw. Wasserstoff aufweist, die mit den jeweiligen Zuleitungen des Brenners wirkverbunden sind.
  8. System nach Anspruch 7, ferner umfassend einen Speicher (18) für Sauerstoff und einen Speicher (20) für Wasserstoff, die mit den Auslässen des Elektrolyseurs stromaufwärts des Brenners wirkverbunden sind.
  9. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Rückgewinnungskreis (38) zum Rückführen von Sauerstoff mit dem Einlass (37) des Brenners (12) verbunden ist.
  10. System nach Anspruch 7, 8 und Anspruch 9, wenn abhängig von Anspruch 7 oder 8, wobei der Elektrolyseur (40) von einer nicht fossilen Quelle (50) mit elektrischer Leistung versorgt wird.
  11. Verfahren zum Betreiben des Systems nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Ströme von Sauerstoff und Wasserstoff derart gesteuert werden, dass die Verbrennung davon bei einem stöchiometrischen Überschuss an Sauerstoff erfolgt.
EP19783138.1A 2018-08-29 2019-08-26 System zur erzeugung von energie in einem arbeitsfluid aus wasserstoff und sauerstoff und verfahren zum betrieb dieses systems Active EP3844371B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2021512A NL2021512B1 (en) 2018-08-29 2018-08-29 System for generating energy in a working fluid from hydrogen and oxygen and method of operating this system
PCT/NL2019/050545 WO2020046118A1 (en) 2018-08-29 2019-08-26 System for generating energy in a working fluid from hydrogen and oxygen and method of operating this system

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3844371A1 EP3844371A1 (de) 2021-07-07
EP3844371C0 EP3844371C0 (de) 2024-02-28
EP3844371B1 true EP3844371B1 (de) 2024-02-28

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EP19783138.1A Active EP3844371B1 (de) 2018-08-29 2019-08-26 System zur erzeugung von energie in einem arbeitsfluid aus wasserstoff und sauerstoff und verfahren zum betrieb dieses systems

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EP (1) EP3844371B1 (de)
NL (1) NL2021512B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2020046118A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115288818A (zh) * 2022-08-23 2022-11-04 上海慕帆动力科技有限公司 一种零排放发电系统
US20240240339A1 (en) * 2023-01-17 2024-07-18 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Systems and methods for oxy-combustion
CN115814578B (zh) * 2023-02-09 2023-06-27 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种燃氢供能装置水汽回收节能箱系统

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5177952A (en) 1991-03-01 1993-01-12 Rockwell International Corporation Closed cycle power system
US5279260A (en) 1992-05-22 1994-01-18 Munday John F Water fuelled boiler
JP4586780B2 (ja) * 2006-09-07 2010-11-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 作動ガス循環型エンジン
US8671687B2 (en) * 2011-02-18 2014-03-18 Chris Gudmundson Hydrogen based combined steam cycle apparatus
JP6308479B2 (ja) * 2013-01-24 2018-04-11 ヒンダース，エドワード 二閉ループ動作複合ブレイトン／ランキンサイクルガスおよび蒸気タービン発電システム
CN104265379A (zh) * 2014-06-19 2015-01-07 钱诚 一种可再生能源公共服务系统

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WO2020046118A1 (en) 2020-03-05
EP3844371A1 (de) 2021-07-07
EP3844371C0 (de) 2024-02-28
NL2021512B1 (en) 2020-04-24

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