Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
  • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
  • A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
  • A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
  • A61B5/14552—Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
  • A61B5/1459—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/42—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the gastrointestinal, the endocrine or the exocrine systems
  • A61B5/4222—Evaluating particular parts, e.g. particular organs
  • A61B5/4233—Evaluating particular parts, e.g. particular organs oesophagus
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
  • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
  • A61B5/6852—Catheters
  • A61B5/6853—Catheters with a balloon
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
  • A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
  • A61B2562/043—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a linear array
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
  • A61B5/6867—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive specially adapted to be attached or implanted in a specific body part
  • A61B5/687—Oesophagus

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of measuring devices and systems for estimating the metabolic parameters relating to the perfusion of an organ of a patient, in particular an organ comprising a mucous membrane and muscle tissues.
• Such a system can be used in many applications to monitor patients susceptible to tissue hypo perfusion. These conditions can be of various origins: hemorrhagic, infectious or inflammatory.
• a monitoring of the biological parameters relating to the perfusion provides the user in particular with information relating to the microcirculation of the organ to help him in the choice of treatments suited to the patient. Indeed, good distal organ perfusion in patients at risk is an important element of their management. Poor perfusion of the organs can lead to serious disorders, up to failures of these organs.
• mucous membranes such as the urethral mucosa and the lining of the esophagus seem to be particularly sensitive to hemodynamic changes. They are therefore particularly useful for monitoring the body's response to therapeutic actions.
• the therapeutic actions are most often global on the organism and will have an impact on each of the organs.
• photo-plethysmography technology is a means of assessing tissue perfusion.
• a catheter equipped with a photo-plethysmography or PPG sensor is used.
• PPG sensor relates to a photo-plethysmography sensor.
• Patent Application Document US 2009/156912 describes a PPG sensor which is directly integrated into a generic catheter with no specific application defined.
• the PPG sensor is mounted in a rigid covering which is integrated into the body of the catheter, preferably near the distal end of the catheter.
• the rigid covering can be made of titanium, stainless steel, ceramic, glass or rigid polymer.
• the cladding also includes rigid windows, for example made of glass, which transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. The rigid nature of the covering does not allow the insertion of such a catheter via narrow, non-linear natural paths of a patient.
• US 5,329,922 describes another type of catheter which is an esophageal probe configured to be inserted through the patient's mouth.
• this document does not describe any technical solution for producing a PPG sensor integrated into a catheter.
• the catheter in order to monitor the perfusion of a target tissue which is located near narrow natural pathways, the catheter must be designed to prevent any abrasion or inflammation of the natural pathways during its insertion but also during monitoring.
• a first aspect of the present invention relates to a catheter for monitoring perfusion of a target tissue, the catheter comprising a body adapted to be inserted into a tubular organ of a patient, the body coirqprend a PPG sensor equipped with minus an optical transmitter and an optical receiver so as to absorbance the perfusion of the target tissue.
• the invention is characterized in that the PPG sensor is integrated into the body of the catheter through a flexible and waterproof covering which is produced by coating the PPG sensor, the PPG sensor comforting means for maintaining the position of at least an optical transmitter relative to the position of the optical receiver which ensures consistency of the absorbance measurement parameters.
• the holding means make it possible to keep the path of the photons constant between at least one emitter and the receiver in a given application.
• This characteristic contributes to the reliability of the monitoring of the target tubular organ.
• Obtaining a coating by coating guaranteed properties of tightness, flexibility and compactness. These properties promote insertion of the catheter through narrow, non-linear natural pathways.
• the coating of the covering is carried out by overmolding of the PPG sensor.
• the covering has a transparent and flexible overlay which is made of biocoirqpatible material.
• the cladding has, on the one hand, an opaque coating with respect to the operating wavelengths of at least one optical transmitter and the optical receiver, and on the other hand, at least one transmission window arranged in the transmission axis of at least one optical transmitter and a reception window arranged in one reception axis of the optical receiver.
• each emission window and the reception window are respectively made of a flexible, translucent biocoirqpatible material with respect to the operating wavelengths of at least one optical transmitter and the optical receiver.
• At least one optical transmitter and the optical receiver are arranged on the same face of the PPG sensor and allow an absorbance measurement by reflectivity.
• the holding means are formed by a rigid electronic card.
• the catheter carries a power supply and data transfer cable incorporated into the body through a flexible sheath connected in a sealed manner to the covering.
• the PPG sensor has two optical transmitters each operating at a specific wavelength, the optical receiver being adapted to pick up the wavelengths emitted by each optical transmitter.
• the PPG sensor is integrated into the body of the catheter at a determined distance from the distal end of the body.
• the catheter carries a movable stabilizer between a retracted state and a deployed state in which it maintains the position of the catheter inserted in the tubular organ.
• the body has a path for extracting body fluid present and / or secreted in the tubular organ and / or in an anatomical structure located near the tubular organ.
• the body has a coirqpris diameter between 12 French and 25 French, preferably the body has a coirqpris diameter between 14 French and 18 French.
• a second aspect of the invention consists of a system for monitoring the mucosa of the urethral tissue. This system is characterized in that it has a monitoring catheter according to the first aspect of the invention.
• a third aspect of the invention consists of a system for monitoring the lining of the tissue of the esophagus.
• This system is characterized in that it has a monitoring catheter according to the first aspect of the invention, the catheter taking a route for supplying air to the stomach.
• FIGS. 1 to 6 placed in the appendix and in which:
• FIG. 1 is a representation of a catheter according to an exeirqple of embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a representation of a distal end of the catheter of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is a representation of an exploded view of the catheter of Figure 1;
• FIG. 4 is a representation of an exploded view of a photo-plethysmographic sensor (PPG) according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 5 is a representation of the PPG sensor of Figure 4.
• FIG. 6 is a representation of an absorption spectrum of deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin.
• the present invention relates to a catheter 1 for perfusion monitoring of the mucosa of a target tissue.
• monitoring the mucosa of a target tissue provides information relating to the microcirculation of the target tissue and makes it possible to orient the choice of treatments suited to the patient.
• the catheter 1 has a body 2 adapted to be inserted into a tubular organ of a patient.
• the body 2 is tubular and extends in a longitudinal direction.
• the body 2 is made of a flexible and sterilizable biocoirqpatible material such as PVC, polyurethane, latex, PTFE coated latex, silicone coated latex, hydrogel, silicone etc.
• the body 2 has a distal end 20 adapted to be inserted into a target tubular organ such as the urethra, the esophagus, etc.
• the body 2 has a proximal end 21 which is opposite to the distal end 20.
• the proximal end 21 makes it possible to connect the catheter 1 to accessories such as a data processing terminal etc.
• the body 2 comprises a PPG sensor 3 designed to measure the state of perfusion of the mucosa of the target tissue.
• the PPG 3 sensor measures the perfusion state of the mucosa of the target tissue through a measurement of absorbance of the oxygen saturation level of the hemoglobins. of the microcirculatory system irrigating the target tissue.
• the target tissue consists of at least part of a tubular organ such as the urethra or the esophagus.
• the PPG sensor 3 coirqprends at least one optical transmitter 30 and one optical receiver 31 configured to operate on the same wavelength ranges.
• the PPG sensor 3 coirqprends two optical transmitters 30, 32 which operate respectively according to a determined wavelength range.
• the optical receiver 31 is configured to detect the emission wavelength of each optical transmitter 30, 32.
• each optical transmitter 30, 32 has an emission wavelength in the infrared spectrum.
• each optical transmitter 30, 32 is formed by an LED type lamp having a specific emission wavelength in the infrared spectrum.
• the optical receiver 31 can be formed by a photodiode configured to operate according to the wavelength emission ranges of each optical transmitter 30, 32.
• the absorbance curve of the deoxyhemoglobin Hb is greater than the absorbance curve of the oxyhemoglobin Hb02 for a wavelength range between 600 nm and 800 nm. Conversely, the absorbance curve for deoxyhemoglobin Hb is less than the absorbance curve for oxyhemoglobin charged with oxygen H 2 O 2 for a range of wavelengths between 800 nm and 1000 nm.
• a PPG 3 sensor optimally measures the saturation rate of a microcirculatory system by a differential measurement of the rate of deoxyhemoglobin relative to the rate of oxyhemoglobin, which makes it possible to obtain a target tissue perfusion index.
• the PPG sensor 3 comprises a first optical transmitter 30 having a range of emission wavelengths between 890 nm and 990 nm and preferably the first optical transmitter 30 has a range of emission wavelengths between 930 nm and 950 nm.
• the first optical transmitter 30 makes it possible to measure the level of oxyhemoglobin Hb02 in the microcirculatory system of the mucosa of the target tissue.
• the PPG sensor 3 comprises a second optical transmitter 32 having a range of emission wavelengths between 610 nm and 710 nm and preferably the second optical transmitter 32 has a range of emission wavelengths between 650 nm and 670 nm.
• the second optical transmitter 32 makes it possible to measure the level of deoxyhemoglobin Hb in the microcirculatory system of the mucosa of the target tissue.
• the optical receiver 31 and at least one optical transmitter 30, 32 are arranged on an upper face 33 of the PPG sensor 3.
• each optical transmitter 30, 32 and the optical receiver 31 are arranged on the same face 33 of the PPG sensor 3 allowing absorbance measurement by reflectivity.
• the use of such a measurement technique enables measurements to be made of shallow tissue depth. The absorbance measurement is thus confined to the mucosa of the target tubular organ.
• a reflectivity measurement makes it possible to have at least one optical transmitter 30, 32 and the optical receiver 31 on the same face 33 of the PPG sensor 3.
• the PPG sensor 3 comprises means 34 for maintaining the position of at least one optical transmitter 30, 32 relative to the position of the optical receiver 31.
• the holding means 34 participate in preserving consistency of the absorbance measurement parameters.
• the holding means 34 are formed by a rigid electronic card 35 supporting in particular at least one optical transmitter 30, 32 and the optical receiver 31.
• the PPG sensor 3 is integrated into the body 2 of the catheter 1 at a determined distance from the distal end 20 of the body 2. The distance between the distal end 20 and the PPG sensor 3 may vary depending on the target tissue to be monitored and the tubular organ in which the catheter 1 is to be installed.
• the distance between the distal end 20 and the PPG sensor 3 can vary between 1 cm and 8 cm depending on the patient on whom the catheter is to be placed. 1. More particularly, this distance may vary depending on the patient's age (child or adult) and their gender. The presence of the prostate gland in males is an element to be taken into account in the measurement depending on the objective of measuring the perfusion of the prostate or the perfusion of the urethra.
• the PPG sensor 3 is integrated into the body 2 via a covering 4 which has sealing properties.
• the covering 4 has flexibility properties which facilitate the insertion of the PPG sensor 3 mounted on the body 2 by a patient's narrow, non-linear natural routes such as the nasogastric route in the case of a monitoring of the esophagus or urethral meatus in the case of monitoring of the urethra.
• the covering 4 is preferably designed in a biocoirqpatible material as described above. As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the covering 4 is adjusted to the PPG sensor 3.
• the covering 4 encapsulates the electronic card 35, the optical transmitters 30, 32 and the optical receiver 31, these various elements constituting the sensor PPG 3.
• the covering 4 cooperates with the electronic card 35, the rigidity of the electronic card ensuring a constant distance between an optical transmitter 30, 32 and the optical receiver 31. This characteristic contributes to keeping the absorbance measurement parameters constant.
• the covering 4 provides properties of flexibility, sealing and coirqpacity which allow insertion of catheter 1 via a natural route of a patient.
• the distance between at least one optical transmitter 30, 32 and the optical receiver 31, or the transmission angle of each transmitter 30, 32, the reception angle of the optical receiver 31 are measurement parameters d absorbance.
• the consistency of these parameters contributes to the reliability of the monitoring.
• the covering 4 extends longitudinally on the body 2.
• the covering 4 has an external face 40 configured to be pressed against the mucosa of the target tubular member.
• the covering 4 also has an internal face 41 which is integrated into the body 2 of the catheter 1.
• the internal face 41 and the external face 40 are connected by lateral edges 42.
• the covering 40 has a quadrangular shape, however it could be designed in different forms capable of integrating with the body 2 without infringing the flexibility properties of the latter.
• the covering 4 comprises an opaque coating with respect to the operating wavelengths of each optical transmitter 30, 32 and of the optical receiver 31.
• the covering 4 can be produced by coating the PPG sensor 3.
• the coating can be formed by molding the PPG sensor 3 and bonding several elements of the covering 4 such as the faces 40, the lateral edges 42.
• the coating can also be carried out by overmolding of the PPG sensor 3.
• the overmolding operation of the PPG sensor 3 can be carried out using a biocoirqpatible material as described above.
• the production of the covering 4 by overmolding provides flexibility properties to the PPG sensor 3 while retaining its compactness.
• the biocompatible material comprises an opacifying additive which gives the covering 4 its opaque character. So that air is not trapped between the covering 4 and the PPG sensor 3 the overmolding operation can be carried out under pressure.
• the covering 4 furthermore comprises at least one emission window 43 arranged in the emission axis of an optical transmitter 30, 32.
• the covering 4 comprises two emission windows 43 respectively arranged in the the transmission axis of each optical transmitter 30, 32.
• the covering 4 includes a reception window 44 disposed in the reception axis of the optical receiver 31.
• Each transmission window 43 and the reception window 44 are respectively made of a biocompatible material as described above.
• the biocompatible material used to design the windows 43, 44 has translucent optical properties.
• the windows 43, 44 do not absorb the photons of the ranges of emission wavelengths of each optical transmitter 30, 32.
• the location of the windows 43, 44 can be reserved by a pad.
• the windows 43, 44 can be formed by a second overmolding operation in which the location of the windows 43, 44 is filled with a transparent biocompatible material.
• the windows 43, 44 can also be formed by a coating of the molding / bonding type.
• the catheter 1 may include an overlay 23.
• the overlay 23 is made of a biocompatible material as described above and which has transparency and flexibility properties .
• the overlay 23 ensures that there is no abrupt relief capable of irritating or injuring the natural passages of the patient in which the catheter 1 is inserted.
• the catheter 1 comprises a supply cable 35 for the PPG sensor 3.
• the cable supply 35 provides power to the PPG sensor 3.
• the power cable 35 also provides transfer of measurement data from the PPG sensor 3 to a data processing terminal.
• the power cable 35 makes it possible to transfer measurement data through an analog signal.
• the power cable 35 is incorporated into the body 2 through a sheath 22.
• the power cable 35 can have four conductors.
• the sheath 22 is flexible so as not to contravene the flexibility of the body 2.
• the sheath 22 is made of a biocompatible material as described above.
• the catheter 1 has a seal placed at the junction between the sheath 22 and the covering 4.
• the seal provides a tight junction between the sheath 22 and the covering 4.
• the tight junction makes it possible to prevent any short -circuit between the power cable 35 and the PPG 3 sensor.
• the sealed junction contributes to the reliability of the monitoring of the target tubular organ.
• the seal is made of a biocompatible material as described above and which also has collagen properties.
• the seal can be made with a silicone adhesive.
• the power cable 35 is connected to the processing terminal via a connector 36.
• the connector 36 can be of several types, electrical and / or electronic. As an indication, the connector 36 can be formed by a USB type connector, DIN type etc.
• the connector 36 is connected to the proximal end 21 of the body 2.
• the connector 36 is connected to the body 2 through a tube 360.
• the tube 360 is made of a biocoirqpatible material as described above (illustrated in Figures 1 and 3). At least part of the power cable 35 runs in the tube 360 from the connector 36 to the body 2 in which it is extended in order to connect to the PPG sensor 3.
• the tube 360 is flexible and makes it possible to extend the catheter 1 towards the treatment terminal.
• the processing terminal makes it possible to process the measured data.
• the processing terminal includes a calculation unit in order to calculate the saturation rate of a microcirculatory system and an index of perfusion of the target tissue.
• the processing terminal is furthermore equipped with a memory in order to store the measured and processed data.
• the treatment terminal can include a display screen allowing an operator to monitor patient monitoring.
• the PPG 3 sensor can also be equipped with a rechargeable battery in order to be autonomous and include means for remote transmission of the measured data.
• the distal end 20 is equipped with a stabilizer 5 ensuring the maintenance of the catheter 1 in position.
• the stabilizer 5 is designed to be movable between a retracted state and a deployed state.
• the stabilizer 5 When the stabilizer 5 is in a retracted state, it is contained in the body 2 of the catheter 1. In this configuration, an operator can insert the body 2 into a tubular organ of a patient via natural routes such as the nasal gastric or urethral meatus etc.
• the operator can actuate the stabilizer 5 in order to bring it from its retracted state to a deployed state.
• the stabilizer 5 maintains, the catheter 1 inserted in the target tubular member, in a determined position.
• the stabilizer 5 in its deployed state makes it possible to maintain the PPG sensor 3 in a determined position thus participating in the constancy of the absorbance measurement parameters. Indeed, maintaining in a determined position of the PPG 3 sensor makes it possible to avoid any fluctuations in the measured absorbance data which would be due to a displacement of the PPG 3 sensor.
• the stabilizer 5 can be formed by an inflatable holding balloon using a sterile fluid.
• the sterile fluid may include water and / or air.
• the stabilizer 5 can be placed at a greater or lesser distance from the PPG sensor 3 depending on the application of the catheter 1 and on the anatomical differences between a male, female, adult, child patient. , its morphology etc.
• the catheter 1 is part of a monitoring system of the urethral mucosa.
• catheter 1 is inserted into the urethral meatus to monitor the lining of the urethra.
• the stabilizer 5 can be positioned in the bladder and be deployed there in order to maintain itself at the birth of the urethra.
• the catheter 1 is part of a monitoring system for the lining of the esophagus.
• catheter 1 is inserted into the esophagus to monitor the lining of the esophagus.
• the stabilizer 5 can be positioned in the stomach and deployed there after the cardia in order to maintain the distal end 20 of the catheter 2 at the distal end of the esophagus.
• the body 2 comprises at least a first channel 24 making it possible to conduct the sterile fluid in order to activate the deployment and / or the folding of the stabilizer 5.
• the first channel 24 is connected to means of actuation of the stabilizer 5 at the proximal end 21 of the body 2.
• the body 2 can coirqpected a second channel 25 acting as a channel for extraction of body fluid present and / or secreted into the tubular member into which the distal end 20 of the body 2 is inserted.
• This second path 25 can also continuously extract a body fluid present and / or secreted in an anatomical structure located near the target tubular organ.
• the second so-called “extraction” path 25 contributes to keeping the interface between the PPG sensor 3 and the wall of the mucosa constant. That is to say, to maintain contact between the PPG 3 sensor and the wall of the mucosa of the target tubular organ. This characteristic thus contributes to the reliability of the monitoring of the target tubular organ.
• the second channel 25 is connected at the proximal end 21 of the body 2 to a body fluid receiver.
• the extraction route makes it possible to empty the bladder in order to prevent urine from disturbing the measurement of absorbance. Indeed, if urine flowed through the urethra, it would necessarily pass between the PPG 3 sensor and the mucosa of the urethra, thus modifying the interface between the mucosa and the PPG 3 sensor which disturbs absorbance data measured. From the patient's point of view, the extraction route empties the bladder to prevent an enlarged bladder.
• the extraction route makes it possible to avoid a rise in gastric juices which would be capable of inducing a burn of the esophagus or even, in the extreme, passing into the lungs.
• the extraction route also ensures in this application the consistency of the interface between the lining of the esophagus and the PPG 3 sensor.
• the extraction route can also be used to provide nutrients to the stomach.
• the body 2 can comprise a third channel ensuring for example the contribution air to the tubular organ.
• the air intake avoids depression, of the latter or of a related anatomical structure, due to the extraction of body fluid.
• This third way is particularly useful in the context of an application to the esophagus of the catheter 1.
• the third way makes it possible to alleviate a depression in the stomach which can lead to the formation of a ulcer at the place of depression.
• this third channel can be included in the second channel 25 or form a third independent channel.
• the physiological behavior of a tubular organ such as the urethra and the esophagus is known scientifically to collapse under the force of external pressures. This phenomenon participates, with contractions of the sphincters for the urethra and of the cardias for the esophagus, to avoid a return of urine or gastric juices.
• the Applicant has surprisingly found that when the body 2 has larger than average dimensions to be inserted into such tubular members, the latter collapse around the body 2 sufficiently strongly to maintain the PPG sensor 3 pressed against the lining of the mucosa for the duration of the monitoring. Maintaining the PPG 3 sensor against the wall of the mucosa contributes to keeping the absorbance measurement parameters constant and therefore the reliability of the monitoring.
• the body 2 has a coirqpris diameter between 12 French and 25 French, preferably the coirqporte body has a coirqpris diameter between 14 French and 18 French.

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• 2018
  • 2018-07-19 FR FR1800776A patent/FR3083976A1/fr active Pending
• 2019
  • 2019-07-18 EP EP19740386.8A patent/EP3843624A1/de active Pending
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