EP3831520A1 - Hybrides herstellungsverfahren für wärmetauscher - Google Patents

Hybrides herstellungsverfahren für wärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3831520A1
EP3831520A1 EP20198727.8A EP20198727A EP3831520A1 EP 3831520 A1 EP3831520 A1 EP 3831520A1 EP 20198727 A EP20198727 A EP 20198727A EP 3831520 A1 EP3831520 A1 EP 3831520A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
walls
base
heat exchanger
channels
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20198727.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ronald P. LaRose
Lawrence A. BINEK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Original Assignee
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Sundstrand Corp filed Critical Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Publication of EP3831520A1 publication Critical patent/EP3831520A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/68—Cleaning or washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/005—Article surface comprising protrusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/18—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes sintered
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to thermal management. More specifically, this disclosure relates to heat exchangers in an aircraft having a gas turbine engine.
  • a method of constructing a heat exchanger includes providing a base, and additively manufacturing a plurality of first walls substantially parallel and substantially vertical while being manufactured, wherein the plurality of first walls are spaced apart and attached to the base. The method also includes removing at least a portion of a build powder located between the plurality of first walls and attaching a parting sheet to the plurality of first walls. The method also includes additively manufacturing a plurality of second walls substantially parallel and substantially vertical while being manufactured and are spaced apart.
  • a heat exchanger includes a base and a plurality of substantially parallel and substantially vertical walls spaced apart and integrally formed with the base via additive manufacturing.
  • the heat exchanger also includes at least one parting sheet not integrally formed with the plurality of walls, but being attached to the plurality of walls, defining flow channels between the walls, the base, and the at least one parting sheet.
  • a heat exchange device and a method of making the heat exchange device is disclosed herein.
  • the heat exchange device is built using a hybrid build process which can allow high aspect ratio flow channels to be built without the use of support structures.
  • the hybrid build process can also allow removal of the build powder during the manufacturing process, which simplifies the final build steps.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cross-section of a heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of heat exchanger 100 including base 102, walls 104, parting sheets 106, first flow channels 108, second flow channels 110, upper most layer 111, upper most cap 112, and flow enhancement/heat transfer enhancement feature 114.
  • Base 102 is attached to a subset of walls 104.
  • Parting sheets 106 are connected to walls 104, which separate each parting sheet 106 from each other throughout heat exchanger 100.
  • Another subset of walls 104 within upper most layer 111 are attached to upper most cap 112.
  • Base 102, walls 104, together with upper most cap 112 define both set of channels 108 and set of channels 110.
  • One or more channels can also include flow enhancement/heat transfer enhancement feature 114 attached to base 102 or parting sheet 106, which is configured to enhance either fluid flow through the channel, heat transfer between the hot and cold channels, or both.
  • flow enhancement/heat transfer enhancement feature 114 can be any shape or configuration such as, for example, a point, fin, bar, ramp, or airfoil.
  • Flow enhancement/heat transfer enhancement feature 114 can be in any number of channels or sets of channels, for example, flow enhancement/heat transfer enhancement feature 114 can be in all the channels, all the hot or all the cold channels, or in every other channel, or in some other subset of channels.
  • the channels can also have more than one flow enhancement/heat transfer enhancement feature 114 or different channels can have different flow enhancement/heat transfer enhancement features 114 in each channel.
  • flow channels 108 can port a first fluid in a first direction and flow channels 110 can port a second fluid in a second opposite direction, which can be referred to as a counter-flow design.
  • flow channels 108 and flow channels 110 can port the first and second fluids in substantially the same direction, which can be referred to as a parallel-flow design.
  • flow channels 108 and flow channels 110 can port the first and second fluids substantially perpendicular to or at some other angle to one another, which can be referred to as a cross-flow design.
  • Heat exchanger 100 includes alternating hot layers formed of one set of channels 108 and cold layers formed of one set of channels 110, with any two vertically-adjacent hot layers defining a cold layer therebetween.
  • the number of vertical layers refers to the number of hot layers in heat exchange 100. In the illustrated embodiment, there are two hot layers formed of channels 108 and two cold layers formed of channels 110. In any particular embodiment, the number of hot layers will generally be similar to the number of cold layers. In other embodiments, heat exchanger 100 can have any number of hot and cold layers.
  • the structural components of heat exchanger 100 can be made up of any metal or alloy capable of withstanding the operational temperature range of heat exchanger 100.
  • aluminum can be used if the operational temperature range of heat exchanger 100 is below approximately 450° F (230° C).
  • a nickel based alloy would typically be used, such as, for example, Inconel 625 or Haynes® 230®.
  • Examples of other metals and alloys that can be used, but not limited to, are copper, copper alloys, aluminum-bronze, nickel, nickel alloys, cobalt, cobalt alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, titanium aluminides, stainless steel alloys, and composite materials.
  • FIGS. 2A-2F are cross-sectional views of a heat exchanger build process.
  • FIG. 2 shows build process 200 of a section of heat exchanger 100 including steps 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, and 212.
  • Step 202 shown in FIG. 2A , is the formation of base 102 of heat exchanger 100.
  • Base 102 can be built using additive manufacturing techniques such as laser powder bed fusion, wire-arc additive manufacturing, laser wire deposition, and electron beam melting. Alternatively, base 102 can be formed of a cast or wrought material.
  • Step 204 shows powder 101 being used to build walls 104 which can be integrally attached to base 102.
  • walls 104 are built substantially parallel to one another and in a substantially perpendicular direction to that of base 102.
  • walls 104 are built at a substantially 90° build angle (a vertical direction) relative to base 104.
  • walls 104 or a portion of walls 104 are built using a build angle of less than 90°.
  • base 102 is additively manufactured and walls 104 are integrally formed with and attached to base 102.
  • base 102 is formed of a cast or wrought material and walls 104 are fused or welded to base 102 as walls 104 are built in a layer by layer process.
  • Base 102 and walls 104 can be formed of the same material or can be formed of different materials.
  • Additional flow enhancement or heat transfer enhancement features can also be built on base 102 such as, for example, points, fins, bars, ramps, and airfoils. The flow enhancement or heat transfer enhancement features can extend the same height as walls 104 or can extend less than the height of walls 104.
  • Step 206 shown in FIG. 2C , shows that powder 101 is removed and parting sheet 106 is attached to walls 104.
  • Parting sheet 106 can be attached to walls 104 using the same power source used in the additive manufacturing process to fuse or weld parting sheet 106 to walls 104 such as using a laser or electron beam.
  • Base 102 together with walls 104 and parting sheet 106 define first set of flow channels 108.
  • Powder removal before parting sheet 106 is attached enables more complex and torturous flow paths to be built.
  • powder removal is performed after the build process is completed and can be, for example, performed by subjecting the heat exchanger to vibrations using a shaker and allowing gravity to pull the unused powder through the channels and exiting the heat exchanger through an outlet.
  • building a heat exchanger with narrow flow channels or torturous flow paths can inhibit unused powder removal using a vibration and gravity removal technique.
  • By removing at least some of the powder during the disclosed build process can shorten the removal process compared to conventional techniques. Removing substantially all of the unused powder during the build process can eliminate the removal step at the end of the build process all together.
  • Step 208 shown in FIG. 2D , shows powder 101 being used to build another set of walls 104 which can be attached to parting sheet 106 and built in a layer by layer process.
  • Walls 104 as shown in FIG. 2D can be staggered as one layer is built on another layer.
  • walls 104 partially defining channels 110 can be placed at different locations along parting sheets 106 than walls 104 partially defining channels 108.
  • walls 104 can substantially align with one another from one set of channels to the next.
  • additional flow enhancement or heat transfer enhancement features can also be built on parting sheet 106 such as, for example, points, fins, bars, ramps, and airfoils (one embodiment is depicted in FIG. 1 ).
  • the flow enhancement or heat transfer enhancement features can extend the same height as walls 104 or can extend less than the height of walls 104.
  • Step 210 shows that powder 101 is removed and next parting sheet 106 is attached by, for example, fusion or welding to the next set of walls 104. Both partings sheets 106 together with next set of walls 104 define second set of flow channels 110.
  • Step 212 shown in FIG. 2E , shows powder 101 being used to build another set of walls 104 which can be attached to parting sheet 106 and built in a layer by layer process.
  • Steps 210 and 212 can be repeated in an iterative process adding additional layers of flow channels 108 and 110 to heat exchanger 100 until an upper most layer is formed, which is capped by attaching an upper most cap to the plurality of walls within the upper most layer.
  • Using parting sheets enables flow channels 108 and 110 to have high aspect ratio channels.
  • the distance between walls 104 along base 102 or parting sheets 106 can be further than the height of wall 104.
  • the distance between walls was limited due to the additive manufacturing process. For example, building structures at less than a 45° build angle typically requires additional support structures adding time, materials, and additional weight to the heat exchanger.
  • the top of the channels are built at a 45° build angle, adding height to the channels.
  • a heat exchanger built with low aspect ratio channels may exchange heat less efficiently than a heat exchanger built with high aspect ratio channels.
  • parting sheets can reduce the risk of fluid leak from one set of channels to another set of channels compared to a heat exchanger with flow channels built using only additive manufacturing techniques, which can suffer from the presence of more defects leading to leakage.
  • fused joints or welds can be visually inspected for defects throughout the build process, such as after the addition of each parting sheet. Conventionally, inspection is performed after the build process is complete limiting visual inspection to external features or using expensive and time consuming non-destructive techniques such as X-ray analysis.
  • a method of constructing a heat exchanger includes providing a base, and additively manufacturing a plurality of first walls substantially parallel and substantially vertical while being manufactured, wherein the plurality of first walls are spaced apart and attached to the base. The method also includes removing at least a portion of a build powder located between the plurality of first walls and attaching a parting sheet to the plurality of first walls. The method also includes additively manufacturing a plurality of second walls substantially parallel and substantially vertical while being manufactured and are spaced apart.
  • the method of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations and/or additional components:
  • the method includes removing at least a portion of a build powder located between the plurality of second walls, attaching a parting sheet to the plurality of second walls, and additively manufacturing a plurality of third walls substantially parallel and substantially vertical while being manufactured, wherein the plurality of third walls are spaced apart.
  • the method also includes repeating the steps in the preceding sentence in an iterative process until an upper most layer has been formed and attaching an upper most cap to the substantially parallel and substantially vertical walls of the upper most layer.
  • Removing at least the portion of the build powder is removing substantially all the build powder located between the plurality of walls.
  • Attaching the parting sheets to the plurality of walls is by laser welding techniques or electron beam melting techniques.
  • the method includes visually inspecting a site of attachment between the parting sheet and the plurality of walls.
  • Additively manufacturing a plurality of substantially parallel and substantially vertical walls includes additively manufacturing a flow enhancement feature or a heat transfer enhancement feature.
  • the flow enhancement feature or the heat transfer enhancement feature is a point, fin, bar, ramp, or airfoil.
  • the plurality of walls, the parting sheets, the base and the upper most cap define two sets of fluid channels, which are for porting a hot fluid through the first set of fluid channels and for porting a cold fluid through the second set of fluid channels.
  • Providing a base is achieved by additively manufacturing the base.
  • Providing a base is achieved by using a cast or wrought material.
  • a heat exchanger includes a base and a plurality of substantially parallel and substantially vertical walls spaced apart and integrally formed with the base via additive manufacturing.
  • the heat exchanger also includes at least one parting sheet not integrally formed with the plurality of walls, but being attached to the plurality of walls, defining flow channels between the walls, the base, and the at least one parting sheet.
  • the heat exchanger of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations and/or additional components:
  • the heat exchanger includes an upper most layer having an upper most cap attached to the plurality of walls within the upper most layer.
  • the heat exchanger includes a flow enhancement feature or a heat transfer enhancement feature attached to the base or at least one parting sheet.
  • the flow enhancement feature or the heat transfer enhancement feature is a point, fin, bar, ramp, or airfoil.
  • the plurality of walls, at least one parting sheet, and the base define two sets of fluid channels, which are for porting a hot fluid through the first set of fluid channels and for porting a cold fluid through the second set of fluid channels.
  • the first set of fluid channels and the second set of channels form layers and the first set of fluid channel layers alternate with the second set of channel layers.
  • the alternating first and second fluid layers are arranged in a parallel flow, counter-flow, or cross-flow arrangement.
  • the base is formed of a cast or wrought material.
  • the base is formed using additive manufacturing techniques.
  • a method of constructing a heat exchanger includes providing a base, additively manufacturing a plurality of substantially parallel and substantially vertical walls, wherein the plurality of walls are spaced apart and attached to the base, and removing at least a portion of a build powder located between the plurality of walls before attaching a parting sheet.
  • the method includes attaching the parting sheet to the plurality of walls, additively manufacturing a plurality of substantially parallel and substantially vertical walls, wherein the plurality of walls are spaced apart and attached to the parting sheet, repeating the above steps until an upper most layer has been formed, and attaching an upper most cap to the substantially parallel and substantially vertical walls of the upper most layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP20198727.8A 2019-12-06 2020-09-28 Hybrides herstellungsverfahren für wärmetauscher Pending EP3831520A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/706,105 US11511346B2 (en) 2019-12-06 2019-12-06 Hybrid manufacturing process for heat exchanger

Publications (1)

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EP3831520A1 true EP3831520A1 (de) 2021-06-09

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US20180292146A1 (en) * 2017-04-10 2018-10-11 United Technologies Corporation Partially additively manufactured heat exchanger
US10107555B1 (en) * 2017-04-21 2018-10-23 Unison Industries, Llc Heat exchanger assembly

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180045471A1 (en) * 2015-03-05 2018-02-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft 3d-printed heating surface element for a plate heat exchanger
GB2537503A (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-10-19 Delavan Inc Hybrid heat exchanger structures
US20170336155A1 (en) * 2015-08-11 2017-11-23 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger and fabrication
US20180292146A1 (en) * 2017-04-10 2018-10-11 United Technologies Corporation Partially additively manufactured heat exchanger
US10107555B1 (en) * 2017-04-21 2018-10-23 Unison Industries, Llc Heat exchanger assembly

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US20210170485A1 (en) 2021-06-10
US11511346B2 (en) 2022-11-29
US20230037941A1 (en) 2023-02-09

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