EP3811743A2 - Elektrische schaltung, verfahren für eine elektrische schaltung und computerprogramm - Google Patents
Elektrische schaltung, verfahren für eine elektrische schaltung und computerprogrammInfo
- Publication number
- EP3811743A2 EP3811743A2 EP19733748.8A EP19733748A EP3811743A2 EP 3811743 A2 EP3811743 A2 EP 3811743A2 EP 19733748 A EP19733748 A EP 19733748A EP 3811743 A2 EP3811743 A2 EP 3811743A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrical
- electrical conductor
- conductor structure
- state
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0201—Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
- H05K1/0212—Printed circuits or mounted components having integral heating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistors, capacitors or inductors
- H05K1/162—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistors, capacitors or inductors incorporating printed capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistors, capacitors or inductors
- H05K1/167—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistors, capacitors or inductors incorporating printed resistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
- H05K2201/09209—Shape and layout details of conductors
- H05K2201/09218—Conductive traces
- H05K2201/09263—Meander
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10007—Types of components
- H05K2201/10151—Sensor
Definitions
- Exemplary embodiments deal with an electrical circuit, with a method for an electrical circuit and with a computer program, more precisely, but not exclusively, with an electrical circuit in which a conductor track structure is used both to determine information about a capacitance and to to heat an environment of the trace structure.
- Capacitive sensors are used for a variety of applications. For example, capacitive sensors are used in touch-sensitive screens of mobile phones (as a so-called touchscreen) or for controlling lamps via the lamp surface.
- capacitive sensors are also the detection of an accumulation of water or ice at a critical point, for example on the wing or within the lines of an aircraft or on a rotor of a wind turbine. If ice is detected there, suitable countermeasures can be initiated, for example by heating.
- DE 11 2012 000 923 T5 discloses a heating element operated as a capacitive detection electrode.
- a heating element that is part of a seat heater is used to determine whether the corresponding seat is also occupied.
- the circuit is alternatively operated in a heating and in a measuring mode.
- DE 11 2014 002 044 T5 discloses a conductive heating device with sensor properties.
- the publication discloses a large number of possible implementations of a heating device which can simultaneously be used as a capacitive measuring element. If the heating device is designed as a heating layer, fibers of a nonwoven can be coated, for example, in a metallic manner in order to be used as a heating layer and for capacitive measurement.
- DE 43 38 285 A1 discloses an electronic device for controlling a seat heater of a vehicle seat. In addition to the heating function, the heating element also serves as a capacitive sensor for seat occupancy detection.
- Exemplary embodiments are based on the knowledge that a conductor track structure which is used for capacitive measurements can also be used to heat an environment of the conductor track structure, for example as a resistance heating element.
- the electrical conductor track structure can be switched by a switching element between a current source, through which the conductor track structure can be operated as a resistance heater, and a capacitive measuring sensor system. This makes it possible, for example, to detect ice formation by a liquid in the vicinity of the electrical conductor structure and to prevent or dissolve it by the heating functionality.
- Exemplary embodiments create a single-layer capacitive sensor with a heating function. In other words, exemplary embodiments provide a single-layer resistance heater with a simultaneous (capacitive) sensor function.
- Exemplary embodiments therefore create an electrical circuit with an electrical conductor path structure and a control module.
- the control module is coupled to the electrical conductor track structure.
- the control module is designed to determine information about an electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure (and its surroundings) in a first state of the electrical circuit.
- the electrical capacitance is influenced by the surroundings of the electrical conductor track structure.
- the control module is also designed to control heating of the environment of the electrical conductor structure via the electrical conductor structure in a second state of the electrical circuit.
- the electrical circuit comprises a carrier structure or the electrical circuit is arranged on a carrier structure.
- the electrical conductor structure can be arranged on the carrier structure.
- a vertical thickness of the electrical conductor track structure on the carrier structure can be at most 15 mhi in at least some exemplary embodiments.
- An average lateral width of a conductor track of the electrical conductor track structure can, for example, be at least as large as an average vertical thickness of the electrical conductor track structure on the carrier structure.
- a flat or two-dimensional profile of the conductor track structure enables a compact electrical circuit in which the stray field capacitance between the electrical conductor track structure and an adjacent conductor can be measured.
- the electrical trace structure may consist of a continuous (and / or branch free) trace.
- the entire electrical conductor track structure can be used as a resistance heater.
- the electrical conductor track structure is coupled to the control module via a first contact and via a second contact.
- the electrical conductor structure can have an approximately ohmic resistance between the first contact and the second contact.
- the electrical conductor structure can be a planar and / or single-layer electrical conductor structure. A planar and / or single-layer structure allows a simple, inexpensive and space-saving construction of the electrical circuit to be achieved.
- the electrical conductor track structure can comprise a meandering structure.
- the electrical conductor track structure can comprise a spiral structure. For example, by measuring a stray field capacitance of the meander structure or the spin ralstructure a determination of the information about the capacity.
- the meandering structure and the spiral structure can be used to heat the surroundings of the structure and thus prevent or reverse ice formation or moisture formation.
- the electrical circuitry may include a support structure, such as a film or a rider plate.
- the electrical fitter web structure can be at least partially printed on the carrier structure, for example as an electrically conductive material.
- the electrically conductive material can be, for example, an electrically conductive ink or an electrically conductive paste.
- the electrically conductive material can comprise at least one element from the group consisting of a metal, a metal alloy, a carbon, silver, copper, a copper-nickel alloy and a metal alloy based on copper (for example a copper alloy with other metallic constituents). In this way, a cheap and flexible production of the electric foal structure can be made possible, which can be used in a variety of forms of support structures.
- the carrier structure can be a three-dimensional component, that is to say at least have a non-planar surface.
- the carrier structure can be an injection molded component or a fiber composite component.
- the electrical circuit can be arranged on the carrier structure surface (for example the component surface).
- at least part of the electrical circuit can be printed on the carrier structure, for example the electrical Feiterbahn structure.
- the carrier structure can be a film and the electrical circuit can be arranged on the film.
- the film can be attached to the component, for example by an adhesive.
- the component can be wrapped by the film.
- the electrical circuit is arranged or integrated within a component, for example within an injection molded component or within a fiber composite component.
- the electrical circuit for example the electrical fitter web structure
- the carrier structure can be a textile layer of a composite material.
- the electrical circuit can be arranged on the textile layer, and the textile layer can be arranged or integrated within the fiber composite component.
- the control module is designed to change from the first state to the second state if the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor track structure fulfills a predefined condition.
- control module can be designed to change from the first state to the second state if the information about the electrical capacity of the electrical conductor structure indicates a presence of a liquid or a presence of ice in the vicinity of the electrical conductor structure.
- the heating function can be activated if a liquid and / or ice has been detected and there is a risk of icing.
- the control module can be designed to periodically change from the second state to the first state in order to determine whether the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure (still) fulfills the predefined condition. For example, it can be checked whether heating of the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure is still necessary, for example because there is still liquid or ice in the environment of the electrical conductor structure.
- control module can also be designed to determine information about a temperature of the electrical conductor track structure.
- the control module can be designed to change from the first state to the second state if the information about the electrical capacity of the electrical conductor structure indicates a presence of a liquid or a presence of ice in the vicinity of the electrical conductor structure and if the Information about the temperature of the electrical conductor structure indicates that the electrical conductor structure has a temperature below a temperature threshold.
- the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure can be heated if there is a risk of icing due to the liquid detected, the ice he is familiar with and the temperature.
- the control module can also be designed to determine information about an electrical resistance of the electrical conductor track structure. For example, a temperature of the electrical conductor track structure can be determined via the electrical resistance.
- the control module can also be designed to provide information about a temperature of the electrical conductor track structure based on the Determine information about the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor structure.
- the control module can be designed to determine the information about the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor track structure in the second state of the electrical circuit (during heating).
- the control module can be designed to determine the information about the electrical resistance of the electrical circuit structure in a third state of the electrical circuit. For example, it can be determined between heating periods how high the temperature is in the vicinity of the electrical conductor structure.
- the control module comprises a measuring circuit for determining the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor track structure.
- the electrical circuit can further comprise a current source and a switching element.
- the control module can be designed to switch the switching element in such a way that in the first state the measuring circuit is coupled to the electrical conductor structure and in such a way that in the second state the current source for heating the electrical conductor structure is coupled to the electrical conductor structure. In this way, the same electrical conductor structure can be used to determine the information about the capacitance and to heat the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure.
- Embodiments also create a method for an electrical circuit.
- the method comprises using an electrical conductor structure for determining information about an electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure in a first state of the electrical circuit.
- the method further comprises using the electrical conductor structure for heating an environment of the electrical conductor structure in a second state of the electrical circuit.
- Embodiments also create a program with a program code for performing the method when the program code is executed on a computer, a processor, a controller or a programmable hardware component.
- La shows a block diagram of an embodiment of an electrical circuit
- FIG. 1b shows a block diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of an electrical circuit
- Fig. 2 shows a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for an electrical circuit
- FIGS. 3 to 5 show further block diagrams of further exemplary embodiments of an electrical circuit.
- the figures 1a and 1b show block diagrams of exemplary embodiments of an electrical circuit 10.
- the electrical circuit 10 comprises an electrical conductor structure and a control module 14.
- the control module 14 is coupled to the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the control module 14 is designed to determine information about an electrical Capacitance of the electrical conductor track structure 12 in a first state of the electrical circuit 10.
- the control module 14 is also designed to control a Heating the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure 12 via the electrical conductor structure 12 in a second state of the electrical circuit 10.
- the method comprises benefits 110 of the electrical conductor structure 12 for determining information about an electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 in a first state of the electrical circuit.
- the method further includes benefits 120 of the electrical conductor structure 12 for heating an environment of the electrical conductor structure 12 in a second state of the electrical circuit.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be, for example, a combined liquid sensor heating circuit.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be suitable for determining a presence of a liquid, a presence of ice or a presence of a conductive object in an environment of the electrical circuit and for heating the environment of the electrical circuit based on the determined presence.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be an electrical circuit for an aircraft, for example for an aircraft wing.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be suitable to monitor or observe (not desired) ice formation in liquids.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be suitable for monitoring or observing ice formation or moisture on surfaces.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be suitable for monitoring the absence or presence of media to be heated (for example liquids).
- the electrical circuit can be suitable for detecting living beings and heating them locally.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be, for example, a single-layer capacitive sensor with a heating function.
- Exemplary embodiments are based on a double use of the electrical conductor structure 12 for determining the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 and for heating the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the same electrical conductor structure is used for determining the information about the electrical capacity of the electrical conductor structure 12 and for heating the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the electrical circuit comprises the electrical conductor track structure 12.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 can, for example, be characterized in that it is flat, for example in that it has a flat and / or planar profile.
- the electrical conductor structure 12 can be planar, ie the complete electrical conductor structure can be arranged in the same plane (without part of the electrical conductor structure crossing in a further plane).
- the plane can extend along a three-dimensionally shaped support structure. All structures, for example the electrical conductor structure 12, can be applied to three-dimensionally shaped surfaces. The structures can be applied, for example, by means of printing processes.
- the electrical circuit device 10 can thus comprise a support structure or be arranged on a support structure. At least the electrical conductor track structure 12 can be arranged on the carrier structure. Thus, the electrical conductor track structure 12 can comprise or consist of one or more conductor tracks which are arranged on the upper surface of the carrier structure.
- a vertical thickness of the electrical conductor structure 12 on top of the support structure can be less than 1 mm (or less than 500 pm, less than 200 mhi, less than 100 mhi, less than 50 gm, less than 20 gm, less than 15 gm, less) less than 10 gm, less than 5 gm).
- the electrical conductor structure can for example be superficially applied to the carrier structure.
- Lemer can be an average lateral width of conductor tracks or the conductor track of the electrical conductor structure at least as large (or at least twice as large, at least three times as large, at least 5 times as large, at least 10 times as large) as an average vertical thickness of the electrical conductor track structure 12 on top of the support structure.
- the electrical conductor structure 12 can consist of a continuous conductor path or a composite conductor path.
- a continuous conductor track can be a conductor track which does not have a straight 90 ° angle, but in which straight conductor track components are connected to one another by arches.
- a composite conductor track can be a conductor track in which the straight conductor track components are connected to one another by a straight 45 ° or 90 ° angle.
- the (composite or continuous) conductor track is branchless or branch-free, ie it has exactly two contacts at the two ends of the conductor track.
- the average lateral width of the (continuous or composite) interconnect of the electrical interconnect structure can be at least as large (or at least twice as large, at least three times as large, at least 5 times as large, at least 10 times as large) as the average vertical thickness the electrical conductor structure 12 on top of the support structure.
- the electrical conductor structure can have exactly two contacts. The two contacts can be arranged at the two ends of the electrical conductor structure.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 can be coupled to the control module 14 via a first contact and via a second contact.
- the two contacts may correspond to the first contact and the second contact.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 can have an approximately ohmic resistance between the first contact and the second contact.
- the electrical conductor track structure can form a (simple) ohmic resistor, for example a wire resistor or a meander resistor.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 consists of or is based on an electrically conductive material, for example silver, copper, or a metal alloy based on copper, for example a copper-nickel alloy.
- the electrical conductor structure 12 can be a single-layer electrical conductor structure.
- the (entire) electrical conductor structure 12 can be arranged in a single plane.
- the electrical circuit can comprise a carrier structure or can be applied to a carrier structure.
- a vertical direction and a vertical dimension or a thickness of the electrical conductor structure 12 can be measured orthogonally to a main surface of the carrier structure and a lateral direction and lateral dimensions can be measured parallel to the main surface of the carrier structure.
- the support structure can be a lobe, such as an elastic lobe or a bendable lobe.
- the carrier structure can be a printed circuit board (also known as a printed circuit board, PCB).
- the carrier structure can be, for example, a (laser) composite material or be part of a (laser) composite material.
- the support structure can be a functionalized layer of textile at any depth in a (laser) composite material.
- the composite material can be a plastic, such as a carbon fiber reinforced plastic or a glass fiber reinforced plastic.
- the carrier structure has at least one non-planar surface.
- the support structure can be a three-dimensional component, for example. For example, a minimum thickness, a minimum width and / or a minimum depth of the support structure can be greater than 5 mm (or greater than 10 mm, greater than 20 mm).
- the carrier structure can be any plastic structure, for example a three-dimensionally shaped plastic structure.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 on a carrier be applied in one layer. For example, at no point in the carrier structure can more than one layer of the electrical conductor structure 12 be applied vertically one above the other on the carrier structure.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 is at least partially (single-layered) printed on the carrier structure.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 can be printed at least partially (in one layer) as an electrically conductive material on the carrier structure.
- the electrically conductive material can be, for example, an electrically conductive ink or an electrically conductive paste.
- the electrically conductive material can comprise at least one element from the group of silver, copper and a copper-nickel alloy.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 can be printed at least partially as a silver conductor track on the carrier structure.
- the silver conductor track can be based on silver flakes or on nano-silver.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 comprises a meandering structure.
- a meandering structure For example, more than 20% (or more than 30%, more than 40%, more than 50%) of a surface or a substance of the electrical conductor structure 12 can form the meander structure or consist of the meander structure.
- the meandering structure can have two or more connected / concatenated, straight, lateral lines which form an ohmic electrical connection.
- the electrical conductor structure 12 comprises a (flat and / or single-layer) spiral structure.
- more than 20% (or more than 30%, more than 40%, more than 50%) of a surface or a substance of the electric rider structure 12 can form the spiral structure or consist of the spiral structure.
- the spiral structure can comprise two opposing spirals that lead into and out of a spiral of the spiral structure within a (single) vertical layer.
- control module 14 can correspond to any controller or processor or a programmable hardware component.
- the control module 14 can also be implemented as software that is programmed for a corresponding hardware component.
- the control module 14 can be implemented as programmable hardware with correspondingly adapted software. Any processors such as digital signal processors (DSPs) can be used. exemplary embodiments games are not limited to a specific type of processor. Any processors or a plurality of processors for implementing the control module 14 are conceivable.
- the control module 14 can further, as shown in FIG. 1b, comprise a measuring circuit 14a for determining the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor track structure 12 (and its surroundings).
- the measuring circuit 14a can be designed to measure and / or approximate the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 (and the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure).
- the measuring circuit 14 a and / or the control module 14 can be designed to determine the information about the electrical capacitance based on the measured or approximated capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 (and the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure).
- the control module 14 is coupled to the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the control module 14 can be coupled to the electrical conductor structure 12 via a switching element 18 of the electrical circuit.
- the electrical circuit 10 may further include a current source 16 (or energy source 16) and a switching element 18.
- the control module 14 can include the switching element 18.
- the switching element 18 can be, for example, a relay, such as a switching relay, a switching transistor or a multiplexer.
- the control module 14 can be designed to switch the switching element 18 such that in the first state the measuring circuit 14 a is coupled to the electrical conductor structure 12 and such that in the second state the current source 16 for heating the electrical conductor structure 12 to the electrical one Conductor structure 12 is coupled.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 This is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 using the microcontrollers 414, 514 (which may correspond to the control module 14), the current sources 416, 516 (which may correspond to the current source 16), the switching element 518 (which may correspond to the switching element 18) and the capacitive measuring unit 515 (which can correspond to the measuring circuit 14a).
- the electrical circuit has at least two states, a first state and a second state.
- the electrical circuit 10 can have exactly two states during operation of the electrical circuit.
- the electrical circuit can be in a third state.
- the electrical circuit can then have, for example, exactly three states during operation of the electrical circuit.
- the first state is a measurement state, for example a capacitance measurement state.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be designed to measure the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor track structure (and its surroundings).
- the second state can be a heating state. In the second state, the electrical circuit 10 can be designed to heat the surroundings of the electrical conductor track structure.
- the control module 14 in the second state can be designed to control a current source in such a way that the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure 12 are heated by / via the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the first state and the second state can be mutually exclusive: for example, the electrical circuit 10 can have either the first state or the second state.
- the third state can be a measurement state, such as a resistance measurement state or a temperature measurement state.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be designed to measure an electrical resistance of the electrical conductor structure 12 or a temperature of the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the first state, the second state and the third state can be mutually exclusive: for example, the electrical circuit 10 can have either the first state, the second state or the third state.
- the control module 14 is designed to determine the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 in the first state of the electrical circuit 10. For example, the control module 14 can be designed to determine whether the electrical conductor structure 12 based on the electrical capacity To give the electrical conductor structure 12 is wet or dry, or it is referenced.
- the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 can, for example, correspond to a binary state, which states that the electrical capacity of the electrical conductor structure 12 (and the surroundings of the electrical conductor structure) is above a threshold value, which is a presence (or absence) ) of liquid, ice or a living being.
- the control module 14, for example via the measuring circuit 14a can be designed in the first state to measure or approximate the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 (and the vicinity of the electrical conductor structure) and, based on the measured or approximated electrical capacitance, the information about to determine the capacity.
- the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 can be influenced, for example, by an environment of the electrical conductor structure 12. Is there a conductive substance in the Surrounding the electrical conductor structure 12, an electrical capacitance, such as a stray field capacitance, of the electrical conductor structure 12 may increase.
- the control module 14 can be designed, for example via the measuring circuit 14a, to measure or approximate a stray field capacitance of the electrical conductor track structure 12.
- the electrical circuit comprises a further electrical conductor track structure.
- the further electrical conductor track structure can be coupled to the measuring circuit 14a and / or the control module 14.
- the measuring circuit 14a can be designed to measure or approximate the capacitance between the electrical conductor structure 12 and the further electrical conductor structure.
- the further electrical conductor structure can be arranged laterally adjacent to the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the further electrical conductor track structure can be arranged laterally adjacent to the electrical conductor track structure 12 on the carrier structure.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 can be arranged on the same level as the further electrical conductor track structure on the carrier structure.
- the electrical conductor structure 12 can be (co) planar with the further electrical conductor structure.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 and the further electrical conductor track structure can, for example, be arranged laterally alternately or laterally parallel to one another on the surface of the carrier structure.
- the further electrical conductor structure can, for example, be implemented similarly to the electrical conductor structure 12.
- An (average) vertical thickness of the further electrical conductor structure can differ, for example, less than 10% from an (average) vertical thickness of the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the control module 14 can be designed to measure or approximate the capacitance (for example the stray field capacitance) between the electrical conductor track structure 12 and the further electrical conductor track structure.
- the capacitance between the electrical conductor structure 12 and the further electrical conductor structure can, for example, be influenced by an environment of the electrical conductor structure 12 (and / or the further electrical conductor structure).
- the control module 14 can be designed to measure or approximate the capacitance between the meanders of the meander structure and the further electrical conductor track structure.
- the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor track structure 12 corresponds, for example, to a quantized value of the measured or approximated electrical capacitance.
- the control module 14 is also designed to heat the surroundings of the electrical conductor track structure 12 via the electrical conductor track structure 12 in the second state of the electrical circuit 10.
- the control module 14 can be designed to control the switching element 18.
- the control module 14 can be designed to control the switching element 18 in the second state such that the electrical conductor structure 12 forms a circuit with the current source 16.
- the control module 14 can be designed to switch the electrical circuit in such a way that the electrical conductor track structure 12 is used as a resistance heater in the second state.
- the control module 14 is designed to change from the first state to the second state if the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor track structure 12 fulfills a predefined condition.
- the predefined condition can be, for example, a threshold value for the electrical capacity.
- the predefined condition can also be a rate of change in the electrical capacitance.
- the control module 14 can be designed to change from the first state to the second state if the electrical capacitance is above (or below) a threshold value.
- the threshold value can, for example, indicate a presence (presence) (or absence) of liquid or ice.
- the threshold value can be adaptable:
- the control module 14 can be designed to determine the threshold value based on a presence and based on an absence of the liquid or ice.
- the threshold value can be selected such that measurements above the threshold value indicate the presence of water / ice and such that measurements below the threshold value indicate an absence of water / ice.
- the term "liquid” is also used in places for other aggregate states of the liquid (such as ice or gas).
- the control module 14 can be designed to change from the first state to the second state if the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical interconnect structure 12 is a presence (or absence) of a liquid or a presence (or absence) of ice in the Indicated around the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the control module 14 is designed to change from the second state to the first state if the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor track structure 12 fulfills a further predefined condition.
- the predefined condition can, for example, be a further threshold value for the electrical capacity.
- the predefined condition may also be a speed of change in electrical capacitance.
- the control module 14 can be designed to change from the second state to the first state if the electrical capacitance is below (or above) a threshold value.
- the further threshold value can, for example, indicate an absence of liquid or ice.
- the control module 14 may be configured to change from the second state to the first state if the information about the electrical capacity of the electrical conductor structure 12 indicates an absence of a liquid or an absence of ice in the environment of the electrical conductor structure 12 ,
- the electrical circuitry can be used in a liquid heater.
- the electrical conductor structure can be arranged, for example, on or in a glass or ceramic base of a heating vessel.
- the control module 14 can be designed to change from the first state to the second state if the information about the electrical capacity of the electrical conductor structure 12 indicates a presence of a liquid in the heating vessel, such as a presence of a predefined amount of liquid in the heating vessel.
- the control module 14 can be designed to change from the second state to the first state if the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical interconnect structure 12 indicates an absence of the liquid in the heating vessel.
- the liquid can be in the heating vessel for a longer time.
- the heating vessel can be a pipeline and the liquid can flow through the heating vessel.
- Control module 14 should be designed to detect the presence of a living being, such as a human or animal, in the vicinity of the electrical conductor structure.
- the control module 14 can be designed to change from the first state to the second state if the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 indicates a presence of a living being in the vicinity of the electrical conductor structure 12, for example a presence of a person that sits on a surface that can be heated by the electrical conductor track structure 12.
- the electrical circuit 10 can be included in a seat.
- the electrical conductor track structure 12 can be arranged under a seat surface of the seat.
- the control module 14 can be be to change from the second state to the first state if the information about the electrical capacity of the electrical conductor structure 12 indicates an absence of the living being or of living beings in the vicinity of the electrical conductor structure 12.
- control module 14 is designed to periodically switch from the second state to the first state in order to determine whether the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 is the predefined condition (or the further predefined condition). Fulfills.
- the control module 14 can be designed to switch from the second state to the first state at most once per second (or at most two times per second, at most five times per second, at most ten times per second) in order to determine whether the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical conductor structure 12 fulfills the predefined condition (or the further predefined condition).
- control module 14 can be designed to move from the second state into the first state at least 10 times per second (or at least 20 times per second, at least 50 times per second, at least 100 times per second, at least 1000 times per second) switch to determine whether the information about the electrical capacitance of the electrical interconnect structure 12 meets the pre-defined condition (or the further pre-defined condition).
- control module 14 is also designed to determine information about an electrical resistance of the electrical conductor track structure 12.
- the control module 14 can be designed to measure or approximate the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor track structure 12.
- the control module 14 can comprise a further measuring circuit for measuring the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor structure.
- the control module 14 can be designed to determine the information about the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor structure 12 in the second state of the electrical circuit 10.
- the control module 14 can be designed to determine the information about the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor track structure 12 in a third state of the electrical circuit 10.
- the electrical resistance can then be used to determine or approximate a temperature of the electrical conductor structure.
- the control module 14 can also be configured to determine information about a temperature of the electrical conductor structure 12, for example based on the information about the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the control module 14 can include a table (also English lookup table) with a relationship between the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor structure 12 and the temperature of the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the electrical resistance of the electrical conductor structure 12 can be dependent on the temperature of the electrical conductor structure 12.
- the control module 14 may be configured to change from the first state to the second state if the information about the electrical capacity of the electrical conductor structure 12 is a presence (or absence) of a liquid or a presence (or absence) of ice in the environment of the electrical conductor structure 12 and if the information about the temperature of the electrical conductor structure 12 indicates that the electrical conductor structure 12 has a temperature below a temperature threshold.
- the control module 14 can be configured to change from the first state to the second state if the information about the electrical capacity of the electrical conductor structure 12 indicates a presence of a liquid in the vicinity of the electrical conductor structure 12 and if the temperature of the electrical Conductor structure 12 indicates that ice formation can occur.
- the electrical circuit and / or method may include one or more additional optional features that correspond to one or more aspects of the proposed concept or examples as described before or after.
- At least some embodiments deal with an electrical resistance heater, which also has a (capacitive and / or resistive) sensor function, characterized by an intelligent, single-layer layout for the common use of conductor tracks for the heating and sensor functions.
- execution examples deal with a capacitive sensor with a heating function.
- a single-layer layout can combine a capacitive sensor function with electrical resistance heating.
- Capacitive sensors can be used to a) monitor (undesired) ice formation in liquids (also English monitoring), for example in fuel lines in airplanes or satellites, exhaust gas cleaning lines in diesel vehicles, washer fluid lines in vehicles, etc .; b) to monitor the formation of ice or moisture on surfaces (eg on wing profiles in aviation or wind turbines). After detection of ice, the function may have to be switched off or a separate heater switched on;
- a separate heater heating element with electronics
- the sensor sensor with electronics
- the sensory (capacitive and / or resistive) circuits and the heating circuits can be installed separately.
- a fitter web structure that is used for heating and measuring is single-layered.
- the electrical circuit of at least some exemplary embodiments consists of a circuit which combines the sensory functions and the heating function.
- At least some embodiments include an electrical (ohmic) resistance heater with a simultaneous (capacitive and / or resistive) sensor function, characterized by an intelligent, single-layer faience (English for arrangement, for example the electrical Feiterbahn minimalist) for the common use of Feiterbahnen / conductive structures for the heating and sensor function.
- Exemplary embodiments of the electric fitter structure 1.
- Printed silver conductor tracks on film can be applied to components (such as the support structure)
- Wires / conductive structures, the component (such as the support structure) can be wrapped / heating mats
- one electronic circuit is used instead of two, as a result of which the electrical circuit can become smaller, flatter, cheaper and / or more robust.
- the electrical circuit can be easily integrated on components or foils by a single-layer design of the electrical conductor track structure.
- the electrical circuit only heats up or switches on automatically when liquid / ice is also present.
- the electronics in the background can be responsible for this, for example the control module 14, which can be freely programmed.
- a measuring range and a heating range of the electrical circuit can be identical. Saving material and a more compact / lighter design can be important advantages of the electrical circuit.
- At least some design examples can have an individual design that can be adapted to individual requirements.
- At least some exemplary examples deal with the detection and prevention of the icing of media in lines, for example of fuel in fuel lines and tanks, of urea in urea lines and tanks (exhaust gas cleaning for diesel vehicles) or of water / alcohol in washer fluid lines and tanks.
- Some exemplary embodiments also deal with the detection of living beings and local heating of the surfaces.
- Possible surfaces / support structures are for example:
- heating can only be carried out, for example, where people are currently (for example to ensure that their feet are warm).
- FIG. 3 shows a basic structure of an electrical circuit for a single-layer capacitive sensor with heating function.
- FIG. 3 shows an electrical conductor track structure 312 (which can correspond to the electrical conductor track structure 12 of FIGS. 1 a and 1 b), which is connected to a power supply / current source 316 (also known as Power Source, that of the current source 16 of FIG. 1 b) may correspond), a switching relay 318 (which may correspond to the switching element 18 of FIG. 1b) and a microcontroller / microprocessor for capacitive sensor technology (MCU) 314 for capacitive measurement (which may correspond to the control module 14 of FIGS. 1a and 1b) is.
- switching relay 318 can be used to switch between a heating function of the electrical fitter structure 312 and a measuring function of the electrical fitter structure 312 (via the microcontroller 314).
- FIG. 4 shows another block diagram of an embodiment of an electrical circuit device. 4 shows, for example, the construction of a circuit with a single-layer capacitive sensor with a heating function.
- FIG. 4 shows a measurement / heating area (or sensor-heater area) 412 (which may correspond to the electric fitter structure 12 of FIGS. 1 a and 1 b), which is provided with a power source / energy supply for the heating function 416 (that of the power source 16 of FIG 1b) and a microcontroller / microprocessor 414 for capacitive measurement (which may correspond to the control module 14 of FIGS. 1a and 1b) is coupled.
- a measurement / heating area (or sensor-heater area) 412 which may correspond to the electric fitter structure 12 of FIGS. 1 a and 1 b
- a microcontroller / microprocessor 414 for capacitive measurement which may correspond to the control module 14 of FIGS. 1a and 1b
- the measuring heating area 412 is connected to the microprocessor 414 via a data line for the capacitive sensor system and is connected by a data line for switching the sensor and heating function between the microprocessor 414 and the measuring heating area 412 by galvanic isolation by means of a relay with a microprocessor.
- the measuring heating range can be one Combination of a capacitive sensor with a resistance heater in a one-layer layout (e.g. from printed electrically conductive structures).
- the microcontroller / microprocessor 414 can be a microprocessor for the detection of the capacitive changes and for the control of a relay for switching between the capacitive sensor system and the heating function.
- the microcontroller 414 can be designed to switch the measurement / heating area 412 between measuring and heating and to perform the capacitive measurement.
- the energy supply (direct current / alternating current) 416 can supply the heating structure of the measuring heating region 412 with the required power.
- the heating structure (such as the electrical conductor structure) can be adjusted either in the choice of resistance materials or / and in the layout so that differently sized areas can be heated or different heating outputs (W / m 2 ) can be achieved.
- printing processes with electrically conductive materials can be used for the capacitive sensor function, further electrically conductive structures can be integrated (for example in the form of an interdigital structure resulting with parts or the entire heating structure) 412. Changes in the capacitance below (ie in the substrate material due to moisture etc.) or above (ie ice, moisture, objects approaching etc.
- the single-layer sensor with heating function (such as the electrical conductor structure) can be capacitively detected and at the same time regulated by the heating.
- the single-layer sensor with heating function can be applied to the surface of a substrate / component (for example the support structure) or can be integrated in a component, for example by means of a functionalized layer of textile at any depth in a (laser) composite material. It can be controlled by a microprocessor 414.
- the single-layer capacitive sensor with heating function can be expanded by integrating a thermocouple for temperature measurement (see, for example, Fig. 5 520).
- fig. 5 shows another block diagram of an embodiment of an electrical circuit.
- FIG. 5 shows a measurement / heating circuit 512 (which can correspond to the electrical conductor structure 12 of FIGS. 1a and 1b), which has a current source 516 (which can correspond to the current source 16 of FIG. 1b), a switching relay 518 (which corresponds to the Switching element 18 which can correspond to FIG. 1b) and a capacitive measuring unit 515 (which comprises the control module 14 of FIGS. 1b and 1b) can be coupled).
- a measurement / heating circuit 512 which can correspond to the electrical conductor structure 12 of FIGS. 1a and 1b
- a current source 516 which can correspond to the current source 16 of FIG. 1b
- a switching relay 518 which corresponds to the Switching element 18 which can correspond to FIG. 1b
- a capacitive measuring unit 515 which comprises the control module 14 of FIGS. 1b and 1b
- the switching relay 518 can be used to switch between a heating function of the measuring / heating circuit 512 and a measuring function of the measuring / heating circuit 512 (via a microcontroller 514, which can be included in the control module 14 of FIGS. 1a and 1b).
- the measuring / heating circuit 520 is arranged, which comprises a temperature sensor 522.
- the microcontroller 514 can control the switching relay 518 based on the analyzed capacitive measured values and based on measured temperature values of the temperature sensor 522.
- Examples may further be or refer to a computer program with program code for executing one or more of the above methods when the computer program is executed on a computer or processor. Steps, operations, or processes of various methods described above can be performed by programmed computers or processors. Examples may include program storage devices, e.g. B. digital data storage media, which are machine, processor or computer readable and encode machine executable, processor executable or computer executable programs of instructions. The instructions perform or cause some or all of the steps in the procedures described above.
- the program storage devices may e.g. B. digital storage, magnetic storage media such as magnetic disks and tapes, hard drives or optically readable digital data storage media include or be.
- a function block referred to as "means for " executing a specific function can refer to a circuit that is designed to execute a specific function.
- a “means for something” can be implemented as a “means trained for or suitable for something", e.g. B. a component or a circuit designed for or suitable for the respective task.
- each function block designated as “means”, “means for providing a signal”, “means for generating a signal”, etc. can be in the form of dedicated hardware, e.g. B "of a signal provider”, “a signal processing unit”, “a processor”, “a controller” etc. as well as hardware capable of executing software in connection with associated software.
- the functions may be provided by a single dedicated processor, by a single shared processor, or by a plurality of individual processors, some or all of which can be shared.
- DSP digital signal processor
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- non-volatile storage device storage
- Other hardware traditional and / or custom, can also be included.
- a block diagram may represent a rough circuit diagram that implements the principles of the disclosure.
- a flowchart, a flowchart, a state transition diagram, a pseudo code and the like may represent various processes, operations or steps that are, for example, essentially represented in computer readable medium and so by a computer or processor are executed regardless of whether such a computer or processor is explicitly shown.
- Methods disclosed in the description or in the claims can be implemented by a device having means for performing each of the respective steps of these methods.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018115214.0A DE102018115214A1 (de) | 2018-06-25 | 2018-06-25 | Elektrische Schaltung, Verfahren für eine elektrische Schaltung und Computerprogramm |
| PCT/EP2019/066815 WO2020002322A2 (de) | 2018-06-25 | 2019-06-25 | Elektrische schaltung, verfahren für eine elektrische schaltung und computerprogramm |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3811743A2 true EP3811743A2 (de) | 2021-04-28 |
Family
ID=67070848
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19733748.8A Withdrawn EP3811743A2 (de) | 2018-06-25 | 2019-06-25 | Elektrische schaltung, verfahren für eine elektrische schaltung und computerprogramm |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3811743A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018115214A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020002322A2 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4338285A1 (de) * | 1993-11-10 | 1995-05-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektronisches Gerät für die Ansteuerung einer Sitzheizung |
| DE19723858A1 (de) * | 1997-06-06 | 1998-12-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung zum Beheizen einer Scheibe |
| DE102005055003A1 (de) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-05-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren zum Steuern der Scheibenbeheizung in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
| JP5555941B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-05 | 2014-07-23 | タカタ株式会社 | ヒーティングシステム |
| LU91791B1 (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-22 | Iee Sarl | Heating element operated as capacitive sensing electrode |
| LU91872B1 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-03-22 | Iee Sarl | Capacitive sensing system able of using heating element as antenna electrode |
| CN105144838B (zh) * | 2013-05-15 | 2017-09-12 | 捷温加拿大有限公司 | 具有感测能力的传导性加热器 |
| GB2557251A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-20 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Apparatus and method for detecting moisture on a substrate |
-
2018
- 2018-06-25 DE DE102018115214.0A patent/DE102018115214A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-06-25 EP EP19733748.8A patent/EP3811743A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-06-25 WO PCT/EP2019/066815 patent/WO2020002322A2/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102018115214A1 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
| WO2020002322A2 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
| WO2020002322A3 (de) | 2020-02-20 |
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