EP3810432A1 - A method for providing an object with a unique mark - Google Patents
A method for providing an object with a unique markInfo
- Publication number
- EP3810432A1 EP3810432A1 EP19752554.6A EP19752554A EP3810432A1 EP 3810432 A1 EP3810432 A1 EP 3810432A1 EP 19752554 A EP19752554 A EP 19752554A EP 3810432 A1 EP3810432 A1 EP 3810432A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- marking
- incrustation
- digital
- glitter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
- B41M7/0081—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using electromagnetic radiation or waves, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, electron beams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
- B44F1/02—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
- B44F5/00—Designs characterised by irregular areas, e.g. mottled patterns
Definitions
- the present invention is enclosed in the area of unique marking of objects, for instance authenticity in assay or uniquely identifying and tracking an object.
- a marking is applied to an object.
- the object is typically a valuable object, the marking providing assurance of authenticity of the object by visual analysis, indicating, for example, that the object contains a certain degree of purity (in the case of gemstones and precious metals) or which has a certain provenance (in the case of food products, such as wine bottles).
- provenance or guarantee authenticity may consist of security documents (for identification, such as passports, national citizens' cards, driving licenses, visas, residence documents, etc.), certificates of authenticity (diplomas, certificates of formal qualifications, official stamps, etc.) and certificates of authenticity of products or trademarks (products of protected origin, trade marks, or others).
- the marking is applied by punching the object.
- a guarantee seal with certain visual characteristics is applied, typically further comprising a numbering.
- the marking that is intended to be unique is recognizable and the security against copy of the marking is dependent on access to the puncture and associated equipment or the equipment producing the said seals, or the ability to reproduce them.
- marking solutions are also known, such as codes with n-dimensions (bar codes, QR code, or others) or solutions with electronic components, such as RFID or other electronic-based solutions of greater constructive complexity.
- the present invention aims to address all of these problems by providing a solution that guarantees authenticity to an object and also allows validation, identification and tracking of the object, by introducing intrinsically unique techniques in the object marking process and consequently in the object itself.
- the used processes intrinsically chaotic, provide a unique character to the resulting object which is, thus, unique.
- the incrustation of particles in an object provides the uniqueness of the marking, since the particles are randomly deposited over the surface and subsequently incrusted.
- the resulting marking is thus not reproducible, since a reproduction of the deposition and incrustation steps would render a different result.
- the printing of the surface with the bondable fluid enriched with such particles i.e. a mixture of a bondable fluid with glitter particles
- even promotes the random organization of particles within the fluid therefore leading to a unique marking.
- the present invention provides for truly unique marking of an object, while being constructively simple.
- the physical chaotic marking thus provides a random result.
- the portion of the object consists of a incrustation portion made of a material with hardness and ductility which provide accommodation of incrusted particles, in particular the material consisting of a metal, a polymer or a resin, said physical chaotic marking process specifically consisting of i) incrustation of particles in the incrustation portion, such incrustation being performed by a) puncturing or b) application of a laser beam, on the surface of the incrustation portion, said particles being deposited on the surface prior to incrustation and therein incrusted after incrustation.
- Incrustation of particles may more efficiently be performed a) by puncturing (with a punch) of the particles into the object, which in the present case is a metal object, or b) by applying a laser beam on the surface of the incrustation portion, thereby fusing such area and providing incrustation of the particles into the surface.
- the incrustation portion material consists preferably of a metal, thus providing a metal portion.
- the incrustation portion material consists of a polymer, such polymer preferably consists of acrylic.
- the physical chaotic marking process specifically consists of ii) printing with a bondable fluid enriched with glitter particles, where said printing being performed by one of the following methods: serigraphy, flexography, rotogravure, carving, typography, offset, spray painting or direct printing with a brush embedded in said bondable fluid.
- Printing of a bondable fluid enriched with glitter particles may efficiently be performed on the surface of the portion of the object by one of the described methods.
- the physical chaotic marking process being applied by ii) printing with a bondable fluid enriched with glitter particles on the surface of such portion,
- Such unique marking being provided in the object, which may consist of a stamp or the object to be marked itself. It is yet an object of the present invention a machine for manufacturing an object with a unique marking, the machine being configured to implement the method of the present invention in any of the described embodiments comprising:
- Such machine therefore uniquely marks objects, due to the chaotic/random properties of the means it comprises, therefore providing the advantages of the method of the present invention.
- Another object of the present invention is a method for capturing a marking, such marking being obtained by the method for providing a marking of the present invention in any of the described embodiments or being present in the object with a marking of the present invention, also in any of the described embodiments, the method for capturing the marking comprising the following steps:
- the digital descriptor comprising information on visual, geometrical and/or morphological aspects of the particles in the marking
- a computational apparatus comprising digital image acquiring means, preferably a digital camera or microscope, configured to implement the capturing method of the present invention in any of its embodiments, and a non-transitory storage media including program instructions executable to carry out the capturing method of the present invention in any of its embodiments are also objects of the present invention.
- Figure 1 images of a surface with a marking, in an object, obtained from the i) incrustation method of the present invention. Particles are visible. Such images consist of the digital images of the capturing method of the present invention.
- the incrustation portion is of gold (thus, a metal portion) in the image on the left and silver in the image on the right. The image was obtained with 200x zoom.
- Figure 2 image of a surface with a marking, in an object, obtained from the ii) printing method of the present invention. Particles are visible. Such images consist of the digital images of the capturing method of the present invention. Resolution is of 1080p and the bondable fluid is ink, in which glitter particles were mixed. Printing was performed through serigraphy.
- Figure 3 - several digital images relevant for the capturing method of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 a) consists of a digital image of a marking obtained by incrustation.
- Fig. 3 b) consists of the same image, in which rectification was applied.
- Fig. 3 c) consists of the same as Fig. 3 b), after identification of particles.
- Fig. 3 d) consists of the same image as Fig. 3 c), in which geometrical properties (distances and angles between particles) were identified.
- Figure 4 - several digital images relevant for the capturing method of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 a) consists of a digital image of a marking obtained by incrustation of diamond particles in the surface of a gold portion.
- Fig. 4 b) consists of the same image, in which classification / mask produced by a convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied.
- Fig. 4 c) consists of the same image as Fig. 4 b), after selection of a region of interest with the mask,
- Fig. 4 d) consists of the same image as Fig. 4 c), after cut of the region of interest.
- CNN convolutional neural network
- Figure 5 several digital images relevant for the capturing method of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 a) consists of a digital image of a marking obtained by incrustation of diamond particles in the surface of a gold portion.
- Fig 5 b) consists of the same image, after manual identification of particles by a human operator, for training purposes, as described below.
- Fig 5 c) consists of the same image, after identification of particles by means of the capturing method of the present invention.
- Figure 6 example of an embodiment of the capturing method of the present invention, with registration steps.
- Figure 7 example of an embodiment of the capturing method of the present invention, with verification steps.
- incrustation of particles is specifically performed by a) puncturing on the surface of the incrustation portion by means of a metal punch over said pre-deposited particles on the surface.
- incrustation of particles is specifically performed by b) application of a laser beam on the surface of the incrustation portion and, prior to such incrustation, particles being pre-crimped on said surface. Therefore, a random organisation of particles is provided as in alternative process a), of puncturing, although particles are not truly incrusted but only partially fixed to the surface. It is the application of a laser beam that incrusts the particles, already randomly organised by the pre-crimping.
- the particles consist of diamond particles, preferably approximately spherical, therefore providing resistance to the impact of puncturing or the effect of laser, and also providing evenness of particles, with a generally spherical form.
- said particles of have an average area of 0.7-3.2 % of the area of the incrustation portion, preferably the particles having a diameter between 50-100 pm and the surface of the incrustation portion having an area of 1-4 mm2, optionally such surface of the incrustation portion consisting of a square with 1-2 mm sides.
- Such relation between areas provides for a good visual organization of particles in the metal, thereby enhancing optical or visual reading methods.
- the particles have a high contrast with the incrustation portion, preferably having a colour which provides high contrast with such incrustation portion.
- the incrustation portion comprises or consists of a precious metal, preferably one or more of the following: gold, silver, platinum or palladium. It may be - although in no way necessary - that the whole object is made of the same material or materials as the incrustation portion.
- the incrustation of diamond particles in metal artefacts, usually precious metals (gold, silver, platinum and palladium).
- the application process can be performed by punching or through a laser beam.
- the size of the particles varies depending on the intended applications but, as an example, they may be particles of 50 to 100 pm in 1mm side markings.
- Variables consist of:
- - Particle size preferably 50 to 100 micrometers - Particle Format, preferably roughly spherical
- Process described as a) comprises placement of the particles, preferably deposition on the metal surface, and crimping the particles by puncturing using a metal punch, over the pre-deposition of particles.
- Process described as b) comprises placement of the particles, preferably by deposition on the metal surface, and particle crimping by incidence of a laser beam, with or without pre-crimping of the particles for initial fixation. Subsequently described advantageous embodiments of the method of the present invention are within the scope of physically marking by ii) printing with a bondable fluid enriched with glitter particles.
- the bondable fluid enriched with glitter particles is obtained by mixing glitter particles into a bondable fluid, prior to printing. Such mixing enhances the random organisation of glitter particles within the bondable fluid.
- printing is specifically performed by serigraphy with a net, the net being such it provides passing of the glitter particles through it.
- the glitter particles Preferably, and for evenness, have a diameter between 50-100 pm.
- the glitter particles consist of metal particles non solvent in the bondable fluid, such particles preferably being spherical or discoidal.
- said bondable fluid consists of ink, glue, a resin or varnish.
- said glitter particles are such that have high contrast with said bondable fluid, the bondable fluid said bondable fluid preferably having transparency. More preferably, the fluid is transparent. Thus, the glitter particles will be even more visible, in their contrast with the bondable fluid.
- Variables consist of:
- the process comprises placement of the particles, by mixing the powder particles with the bondable glue, preferably ink, to be applied, and printing using screen print technique with a net wide enough to allow the passage of glitter particles, other printing processes also being suitable.
- the bondable glue preferably ink
- the printing of glitter-mixed inks can be applied to almost all printing processes, which means they can generate unique images by instantiation. Each of these processes can be fine-tuned by defining the variables mentioned above. Some of the processes that can be applied are:
- Contrast existence of high visual contrast between the particles and the carrier material where the marking is created.
- the colour of the glitter particles be differentiated from the colour of the paint and / or colour of the carrier material (paper, polymer, PVC, polycarbonate, wood, among other carrier materials) when applied with inks or transparent glues or with a high transparency index.
- the colour of the particles be differentiated from the colour of the metal.
- Particle resistance high particle resistance in terms of physical and chemical integrity to the process of marking creation. Depending on the marking process, the particles may suffer a physical shock that fractures or destroys them partially or completely.
- the particle be of a material resistant to the physical process.
- one of the most suitable materials for the marking process is the diamond (carbon element), given its high physical strength. From the chemical point of view, it is also desirable that the particles maintain their physical integrity and chemical composition, and be stable throughout the life cycle of the marking.
- one of the suitable materials is non-soluble metal particles in the solvents, glues, resins and paints where they will be mixed.
- Density existence of low density and non-high amount of particles along the marking.
- the amount of particles may range from 10 to 1000 for a common label, although it is desirable that the number of particles be between 30 and 200. A higher or lower particle value does not compromise the marking, but may reduce the ability of a system to identify it.
- density it is desirable that there be no particle agglomeration, for this purpose the use of a low density dispersion is desirable.
- a metal piece preferably of a precious metal such as gold, silver, platinum or palladium, thereby consisting of a precious piece, such as a jewellery piece, a precious metal piece, an ingot, a precious piece which is used in the mechanism of machinery or a piece of art, among other possible examples, and the unique marking consisting of a mint mark, the incrustation portion consisting of a portion of such metal piece, and the physical chaotic marking process being applied by i) incrustation of particles, or - a cellulose or polymer based piece, preferably polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wood or paper, the portion consisting of a portion of the surface of such piece, and the physical chaotic marking process being applied by ii) printing the surface with a bondable fluid enriched with glitter particles.
- a precious metal such as gold, silver, platinum or palladium
- the capturing method may further comprise rectifying the digital image, prior to particle segmentation, such rectifying comprising:
- Such rectification provides a more suitable image to analyse, i.e., to in which particles and further details are detected.
- the particle segmentation of the capturing method may also further comprise implementing a convolutional neuronal network on the image, preferably on said region of the image, such network having been trained over the image and a mask containing already identified particles.
- the capturing method may also further comprise associating a digital descriptor with additional information and storing both the digital descriptor and additional information in a relational database, thereby registering such digital descriptor, preferably where no corresponding digital descriptor from the plurality of digital descriptors in a database was identified, preferably the additional information comprising one or more of the following: date, time, localisation, owner reference, manufacturer reference, information on each sale / transition of ownership of the piece, information on remodelling or any procedure implemented on the piece.
- the most suitable reading system would most suitably have a magnification capability for the particles to be individually detected.
- This system could be a microscope (with enlargements of lOOx, 200x or higher) or a conventional chamber of great magnification.
- Another suitable reading system is the camera of a smartphone or tablet with a lens attached.
- the image acquisition process should be optimized to collect one or more images under predefined lighting, positioning and magnification conditions.
- the equipment should be capable of capturing 5 megapixel images in the case of magnifications greater than 200x and 12 megapixels in case the equipment is a smartphone or tablet, with or without magnifying accessory lenses, and the marking must be completely visible, without occlusions or cuts.
- Figure 1 illustrates two examples of markings captured with a microscope. These resolution values are indicative of solutions with high robustness, however, the reading system may have a lower resolution, which does not compromise the robustness of the solution in most cases.
- the reading system could be a conventional camera or the camera of a mobile device, or even a microscope, but it is not usually necessary to use the latter.
- the image acquisition process must be able to capture all the particles of a marking.
- the acquisition equipment may be a mobile phone with a common camera attached.
- the capture can be done preferably, but not exclusively, with resolution equal to or greater than 1080p. Since the interaction of the particles with light differs according to the direction of incidence of the latter and from the point of view of the acquisition, it is preferable to capture more than one image and to identify the particles in all of them and subsequently to compose the description of the marking (as described in Section 3: Image Descriptor).
- Figure 2 shows a glitter marking captured with the camera of a mobile phone.
- a digital descriptor that combines visual aspects, geometric characteristics and/or morphological characteristics is used.
- the function of a digital descriptor is to enable the marking validation operation, without recourse to the original image, that may be available or not at the time of validation and, consequently, to improve the speed of obtaining a validation result.
- the visual aspects of a marking are described through image characterization methods, such as: descriptors of local characteristics, textures, hue, minutiae, among others.
- Two images of the same marking are compared through local (pixel-by-pixel) or global (general structure from image) relationships. In order to better perform a local comparison it is necessary to perform a correct alignment between two images captured from the same mark, through rectification.
- the computation of local characteristics may be carried out by the implementation of corner and edge detection algorithms such as ORB [Oriented Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) and Rooted BRIEF (Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features)], among other possible methods. These methods allow to detect and compare small sections (typically 5x5 pixels) in order to find matches.
- corner and edge detection algorithms such as ORB [Oriented Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) and Rooted BRIEF (Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features)]
- the detection and characterization of the surfaces of the marking and of the pieces comprising it may be supported by extraction of data through the filtering of the images with filters of Local Binary Markings (LBP), allowing to distinguish surfaces with different attributes.
- LBP Local Binary Markings
- the gathering of information of hue is relevant, since it allows to identify the type of material on which the marking is applied.
- By analysing the RGB channels of the image it is possible to identify, for example, the type of metal being analysed, or the type of pigment in which the glitter is immersed.
- Minutiae detection refers to implemented mechanisms capable of identifying and characterizing imperfections or indentations created by the marking on the surface on which the marking was applied or created by the particles themselves that make up the marking.
- the elements in the marking consist of particles that are detected, their relative and absolute positions in the marking and their shape being known, it is possible to characterize the marking also on the basis of this information. From the mask identifying the particles (Fig. Be)), characteristics describing their morphology are calculated, for example, size, circularity, aspect ratio, particle density, distance to the centre of the marking, between others. Once these characteristics are calculated, their distribution in a histogram is studied and values are collected at specific frequencies of the histogram which then constitute the morphological aspects of the marking in question.
- the geometric aspects of a marking are described by histograms of characteristics associated with the sequence or sets of particles (a marking is composed of several particles). Among these aspects, we firstly use the distance between sets (the order of points does not matter) of two particles and the angle formed by the sequence (points chosen in a specific order) of three particles (Fig. 3d)).
- Such a histogram consists of a vector of integers that account for the occurrence of value ranges of a given characteristic among all sets / sequences of points associated with the particles.
- Figure 3d illustrates the calculation of the distance between two pairs of points, as well as the angle formed by a sequence of three other points.
- a marking can be photographed at different distances and from different points of view.
- a marking visual, morphological and geometric
- Marking image detection aims at extracting the region of interest for further processing.
- the extraction of the zone of interest allows the system to operate only on a part of the image, reducing the computational effort required, as well as increase the chances of success with particle detection and segmentation.
- it also allows a more efficient management of the information that is stored in the database, due to the smaller size of the image that needs to be retained.
- the process of marking detection is achieved at the expense of, for example, the implementation of a convolutional neural network (CNN), called U-Net.
- CNN convolutional neural network
- U-Net This neural network is an algorithm capable of recognizing which zones of the image that contain the marking that is the zone of interest.
- This network is trained on a set of data acquired during the system building process and can be updated and re-trained as the amount of information available in the database increases.
- a possible algorithm is based on the use of a U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN), trained directly on the image and its mask with the identified particles. For each marking used in the training of this network, the image of the marking is presented, the true segmentation of the particles (carried out manually).
- CNN convolutional neural network
- the database record may contain, in addition to the original captured image, its geometric and visual descriptors as well as other additional information (examples: date, time, location, observations, owner, manufacturer).
- additional information examples: date, time, location, observations, owner, manufacturer.
- validation of a marking it can be performed by two different operations, with different objectives and purposes: verification and identification.
- a set of characteristics of this marking are determined (targeting masks, particle position, random marking descriptors, etc.), which are evaluated by the model in the sense of identifying which marking which is sufficiently similar to the standard presented, in the case of identification.
- This validation process called identification, is a 1-to-many search.
- the validation process can be performed as a verification process. In the case of verification, this set of characteristics is compared only with the characteristics of the marking whose identity is known or suggested, becoming, therefore, a 1-to-l search.
- Fig. 6 shows an example of the complete registration process in a database of a diamond-on-metal particle dispersion marking.
- the processing generally includes the following operations: marking detection, identification of the carrier material, identification of the standard material, rectification and standardization of the marking for standard scale and orientation, detection of the particles forming the randomness and the calculation of the digital descriptors that characterize it, as above described.
- the descriptor of the marking to be checked will be purchased with the descriptor of the marking with which the comparison is intended, stored in database.
- the two marks are subjected to the same standardization operations described above (Fig. 7 e)). If this comparison, measured by a sufficiently effective likelihood measurement model, returning a sufficiently high score, then the marking is validated as being the same marking stored.
- FIG. 8 (a) to (d) generally includes the following operations: marking detection, identification of the carrier material, identification of the material constituting the standard, rectification and standardization of the marking for standard scale and orientation, detection of the particles forming the random marking and calculation of the descriptors that characterize it, as described above (Fig. 8 a) to d)).
- the descriptor of the marking to be identified After the descriptor of the marking to be identified has been calculated, it will be compared to the descriptors stored in the database, which contains all the marking to be searched.
- the research process is not simple and its complexity depends on the size of the database, among other factors.
- the comparison can be made using a cost metric between descriptors, producing a comparison value.
- the process can be accelerated through an indexed search and hypothesis elimination system (Fig. 8 e). From this comparison will appear a list of the candidate markings, that is, those whose descriptors are more similar to the marking under verification.
- the identification process may include several passages through this process of successively reducing the number of candidate markings until a comparison with a degree of confidence sufficient to generate a final response appears.
- the identification process can be structured at several levels, so that when one level generates more than one candidate marking, then the next level will initiate a new identification process with this list of candidate markings. New descriptors relating to this level should be calculated from this list.
- Some of the operations that can be used for the second level of research include processes of image alignment by homography techniques, comparison of marking geometry, and measurement of similarity of descriptors. If one of these comparisons returns a sufficiently high score, the marking identity is confirmed.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
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HRP20240083TT HRP20240083T1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2019-06-19 | A method for providing an object with a unique mark |
RS20240065A RS65087B1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2019-06-19 | A method for providing an object with a unique mark |
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PT11079818 | 2018-06-22 | ||
PCT/IB2019/055177 WO2019244081A1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2019-06-19 | A method for providing an object with a unique mark |
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EP3810432A1 true EP3810432A1 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
EP3810432B1 EP3810432B1 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
EP3810432C0 EP3810432C0 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
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EP19752554.6A Active EP3810432B1 (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2019-06-19 | A method for providing an object with a unique mark |
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EP (1) | EP3810432B1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE064941T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3810432T3 (en) |
RS (1) | RS65087B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019244081A1 (en) |
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RU2739059C1 (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-12-21 | Анатолий Сергеевич Гавердовский | Authentication method of marking |
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DE102008015466A1 (en) * | 2008-03-22 | 2009-09-24 | Informium Ag | Security characteristic for use as e.g. falsification protection of package, has particles changing phase/polarization/spectral formation of light, where particles exhibit disk-shaped geometry with preset lamination strength and dimensions |
EP3056331A1 (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-08-17 | Swarovski Aktiengesellschaft | Composite body with decorative body |
US9771629B2 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-09-26 | General Electric Company | Methods for marking and marked articles using additive manufacturing technique |
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- 2019-06-19 HU HUE19752554A patent/HUE064941T2/en unknown
- 2019-06-19 EP EP19752554.6A patent/EP3810432B1/en active Active
- 2019-06-19 WO PCT/IB2019/055177 patent/WO2019244081A1/en active Application Filing
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HUE064941T2 (en) | 2024-05-28 |
EP3810432C0 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
WO2019244081A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
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