EP3807916A1 - On-load tap-changer and method for actuating an on-load tap-changer - Google Patents
On-load tap-changer and method for actuating an on-load tap-changerInfo
- Publication number
- EP3807916A1 EP3807916A1 EP19730320.9A EP19730320A EP3807916A1 EP 3807916 A1 EP3807916 A1 EP 3807916A1 EP 19730320 A EP19730320 A EP 19730320A EP 3807916 A1 EP3807916 A1 EP 3807916A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- fixed contact
- movable
- fixed
- movable contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches
Definitions
- the invention relates to an on-load tap-changer and a method for actuating a sol tap-changer.
- On-load tap-changers are used for uninterrupted switching between the taps of a transformer.
- the circulating current which flows when switching during the meantime simultaneous contacting of the currently connected and the preselected, new step contact is limited by ohmic resistors, thereby ensuring an uninterrupted change in the transformation ratio of the transformer.
- the ohmic resistance must be designed depending on the specific circuit topology, the individual operating conditions as well as the load current and the step voltage, i.e. in particular the respective application of the on-load tap changer.
- the step voltage is the voltage that occurs between the currently connected and the preselected step contact of the on-load tap-changer.
- this resistance design is complex and, on the other hand, it also affects the entire design of the tap changer. Depending on the application, different numbers and dimensions of resistors are required. Therefore, the design of the resistance value affects the space required for the resistors and thus the design of the other tap changer components.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved concept for a tap changer which is easier to adapt to different applications.
- the improved concept is based on the idea of integrating a varistor as a current-limiting element in an auxiliary branch of the on-load tap-changer.
- Varistors are resistance components whose resistance value depends on the voltage applied.
- an on-load tap changer for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a control winding of a transformer specified.
- the uninterrupted switchover takes place in particular between adjacent tapped windings of the control winding.
- the on-load tap changer comprises a first fixed contact, a second fixed contact, a first movable contact and a second movable contact.
- the fixed contacts can be connected to the winding taps of the control winding of a transformer.
- the two movable contacts are designed such that they can contact each of the fixed contacts.
- the on-load tap-changer comprises a main branch with a switching element, an auxiliary branch with a varistor and a load derivative.
- the main branch can connect the first movable contact to the load derivation via the switching element and the auxiliary branch can connect the second movable contact to the load derivation via the varistor.
- the on-load tap changer is designed such that when switching from the first fixed contact to the second fixed contact, the first movable contact is only actuated when the second movable contact has reached the second fixed contact, in particular contacted.
- both movable contacts are on the same fixed contact, for example.
- a movable contact always only contacts a fixed contact, i. H. it does not occupy a bridging position between two adjacent fixed contacts.
- the varistor is preferably dimensioned such that it is in a blocking state when a voltage drops across it that is less than or equal to the step voltage.
- the blocking state is characterized by the fact that no significant current flows through the varistor.
- the current which flows through the varistor during the blocking state is so small that the movable selector contacts can be separated from a fixed contact or connected to a fixed contact without damage. Typically, this is the case at a current less than 100 mA, preferably less than 10 mA.
- This blocking state of the varistor is particularly given when the tap changer is in a stationary position, in which both movable contacts are on the same fixed contact and the auxiliary branch is therefore short-circuited by the parallel main branch.
- the varistor is preferably dimensioned such that in a phase during which the load current, which for example is in the order of several 10 A, for example 30 A, flows across the varistor, the voltage drop across the varistor is a multiple the step voltage is, for example, about 1.2 to 1.5 times the step voltage.
- the voltage drop is preferably less than a predetermined limit value, for example less than 2.0 times the step voltage.
- the varistor is preferably designed as a metal oxide varistor, for example based on zinc oxide, since the current-voltage characteristic of metal oxide varistors is closer to the ideal characteristic curve of a varistor.
- the varistor Since the varistor is either in the blocking state, in which no significant current flows over it, or in an open state, in which the load current flows over it, no circulating current occurs during the switching process. Compared to the use of an ohmic resistor as a switching resistor, the time period in which losses occur at the varistor is therefore shorter.
- the output voltage of the transformer is reduced by the voltage drop across the resistor caused by the load current during the period in which the load current flows through the resistor.
- this voltage drop should be a certain multiple of the step voltage, e.g. not exceed 5.0 times, preferably not 2.0 times.
- different resistors may have to be used for different load currents with the same step voltage.
- the drop in the output voltage of the transformer is essentially independent of the load current. This is due to the typical current-voltage characteristic of a varistor in accordance with the improved concept and the abrupt drop in its differential resistance during the transition from the blocking state to the open state.
- the selection of the suitable varistor does not essentially depend on the load current, but only on the stage voltage.
- the elaborate design of contact resistances and the dependent, constructive design of the on-load tap-changer for different applications can thus largely be dispensed with and the entire tap-changer design and assembly can be massively simplified.
- the tap changer can then be prefabricated for certain tap voltages regardless of the actual load current as a stock item.
- the on-load tap changer is designed such that when switching from the second fixed contact to the first fixed contact, the second movable contact is only actuated when the first movable contact has reached the first fixed contact, in particular contacted.
- the on-load tap-changer is designed such that, when switching from the second fixed contact to the first fixed contact, the first movable contact is only actuated when the second movable contact has reached the first fixed contact, in particular contacts it.
- the switching element is is is purchasedbil det as a switch, for example as a vacuum interrupter, d. H. the switching element can either assume a closed position, in which the load current can flow, or assume an open position, in which the load current is interrupted.
- the first and the second fixed contact each have a first and a second contact surface which is different from the first, the respective first contact surface being able to be contacted by the first movable contact and the respective second contact surface being in contact by the second movable contact can be tiert. Furthermore, in particular the respective second contact surface cannot be contacted by the first movable contact and the respective first contact surface cannot be contacted by the second movable contact.
- a method for actuating an on-load tap changer comprising at least a first and a second movable contact and a load derivation.
- a load current is switched from a main branch to an auxiliary branch when switching from the first to the second fixed contact.
- the load current in the auxiliary branch is limited by means of a varistor and the first movable contact is only actuated when the second movable contact has reached the second fixed contact.
- the load current is then switched from the auxiliary branch to the main branch again.
- the load current when switching from the second to the first fixed contact, is switched from a main branch to an auxiliary branch.
- the load current in the auxiliary branch is limited by means of a varistor and the second movable contact is only actuated when the first movable contact has reached the first fixed contact.
- the load current when switching from the second to the first fixed contact, is switched from a main branch to an auxiliary branch.
- the load current in the auxiliary branch is limited by means of a varistor and the first movable contact is only actuated when the second movable contact has reached the first fixed contact.
- a first stationary state in which the movable contacts both contact the first fixed contact, is switched to a second stationary state, in which the movable contacts both contact the second fixed contact.
- a second stationary state in which the movable contacts both contact the second fixed contact is switched to a first stationary state in which the movable contacts both contact the first fixed contact.
- the second movable contact is separated from the first fixed contact in the first switching direction and contacted with the second fixed contact. Then a load current is switched from a main branch to an auxiliary branch. The first movable contact is then separated from the first fixed contact and contacted with the second fixed contact.
- the load current is switched from the main branch to the auxiliary branch in the second switching direction.
- the first movable contact is then separated from the second fixed contact and contacted with the first fixed contact.
- the load current is switched from the auxiliary branch to the main branch and then the second movable contact is separated from the second fixed contact and contacted with the first fixed contact.
- the second movable contact is separated from the second fixed contact in the second switching direction and is contacted with the first fixed contact. Then the load current is switched from the main branch to the auxiliary branch. The first movable contact is then separated from the second fixed contact and contacted with the first fixed contact.
- a step a the switching element is closed or remains closed and the second movable contact is separated from the second fixed contact and contacted with the first fixed contact.
- the switching element is opened and the first movable contact is thereby separated from the load derivation, whereupon in a step c the first movable contact is separated from the first fixed contact and contacted with the second fixed contact.
- the switching element is closed in a step d and the first movable contact is thereby connected to the load derivation.
- the load current now flows through the main branch again.
- Step b is preferably carried out after step a, step c after step b and step d after step c, where “after” means in particular “directly after”.
- the switching element is opened in step a 'and the first movable contact is thereby separated from the load derivation. Then in a step b ′, the first movable contact is separated from the second fixed contact and contacted with the first fixed contact. The switching element is then closed again in a step c ′ and the load current is thereby switched from the auxiliary branch to the main branch. In a step d ′, the second movable contact is finally separated from the second fixed contact and contacted with the first fixed contact.
- Step b ' is preferably carried out after step a', step c 'after step b' and step d 'after step c', with "after" meaning in particular "directly after”.
- the second movable contact is separated from the second fixed contact in step a “and contacted with the first fixed contact.
- the switching element is opened and the first movable contact is disconnected from the load conductor, whereupon in a step c" the first movable contact is disconnected from the second fixed contact and contacted with the first fixed contact.
- the switching element is closed and the first movable contact is reconnected to the load conductor.
- the load current now flows over the main branch again.
- Step b “after step a”, step c “after step b” and step d “after step c” are preferably carried out, where “after” in particular means “directly after”.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap changer according to the improved concept
- FIG. 2a-d an exemplary switching sequence in the on-load tap changer and an exemplary method according to the improved concept
- Fig. 2e shows an exemplary current-voltage characteristic of a varistor according to the improved concept
- FIG. 3a-d another exemplary switching sequence in the on-load tap changer and a further exemplary method according to the improved concept
- FIG. 4a-d another exemplary switching sequence in the on-load tap changer and a further exemplary method according to the improved concept.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap changer for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a control winding 11 of a transformer (not shown).
- the on-load tap changer 1 comprises at least a first fixed contact 2 and a second fixed contact 3, each of which can be connected to a winding tap of the control winding 11 of the transformer.
- the total number of fixed contacts depends on the number of winding taps.
- Each fixed contact 2, 3 has a first contact surface 2.1, 3.1 and a second contact surface 2.2, 3.2.
- the on-load tap changer 1 comprises a first movable contact 4 and a second movable contact 5, each of which can contact the individual fixed contacts of the control winding.
- the first movable contact 4 can contact the first contact surfaces 2.1, 3.1 of the fixed contacts 2, 3, but not the second contact surfaces 2.2, 3.2.
- the second movable contact 5 can contact the second contact surfaces 2.2, 3.2 of the fixed contacts 2, 3, but not the first contact surfaces 2.1, 3.1 .
- Figure 1 shows a schematic sketch of an exemplary embodiment of the on-load tap changer, in particular the arrangement of the contact surfaces 2.1, 2.2 and 3.1, 3.2 not absolutely necessary in relation to each other.
- Figure 1 shows the on-load tap changer 1 in a stationary state in which both movable contacts 4, 5 contact the same fixed contact 2.
- the load current L flows here via a main branch 6 from the first movable contact 4 via the closed switching element 8 to the load derivation 10.
- the varistor 9 is in the blocking state since the auxiliary branch 7 is short-circuited by the parallel main branch 6.
- the main branch 6 connects the first movable contact 4 to a load lead 10 via a switching element 8.
- the switching element 8 is preferably designed as a vacuum interrupter.
- the auxiliary branch 7 connects the second movable contact 5 via a varistor 9 to the load conductor 10 as well.
- a step a (see FIG. 2a), the switching element 8 is closed or remains closed.
- the load current I L thus flows through the main branch 6 and the second movable contact 5 can be disconnected from the first fixed contact 2 without current.
- the step voltage drops across the Va ristor 9. The current flowing is so small that it does not damage the selector when contacting the second fixed contact 3.
- the second movable contact 5 contacts the second contact surface 2.2, 2.3 of the fixed contacts 2, 3.
- a step b (cf. FIG. 2b), the switching element 8 is opened.
- the first movable contact 4 is separated from the load derivation 10 and the load current I L is switched from the main branch 6 to the auxiliary branch 7.
- the voltage drop across the varistor 9 increases, for example, to about 1.2 to 1.5 times the step voltage.
- FIG. 2e schematically shows a typical current-voltage characteristic of a varistor as used in accordance with the improved concept, for example a metal oxide varistor based on zinc oxide. From this it can be seen that the voltage drop in the open state does not depend significantly on the current.
- the first movable contact 4 which is now no longer flowed through, is separated from the first fixed contact 2 and contacted with the second fixed contact 3.
- the first movable contact 4 first contacts the first contact surface 2.1 of the first fixed contact 2 and then the first contact surface 3.1 of the second fixed contact 3.
- step d (cf. FIG. 2d) the switching element 8 is closed again.
- the first movable contact 4 is now connected again to the load discharge line 10 and the load current flows again via the main branch 6.
- the varistor 9 is again in the blocking state. state and the tap changer again in a stationary position in which both movable contacts 4, 5 contact the second fixed contact 3.
- FIGS. 3a to 3d a further exemplary switching sequence of the on-load tap changer 1 according to the new concept is described, with a switchover from the second fixed contact 3 to the first fixed contact 2.
- a step a ' (see FIG. 3a), the switching element 8 is opened.
- the first movable contact 4 is separated from the load derivation 10 and the load current I L is switched from the main branch 6 to the auxiliary branch 7.
- the voltage drop across the varistor increases, for example, to about 1.2 to 1.5 times the step voltage.
- a step b ′′ (cf. FIG. 3b), the first movable contact 4, which is now no longer flowed through, is separated from the second fixed contact 3 and contacted with the first fixed contact 2.
- a step c ' (cf. FIG. 3c)
- the switching element 8 is closed again, so that the first movable contact 4 is again connected to the load lead 10 and the load current I I flows via the main branch 6.
- the varistor 9 goes into the blocking state, the step voltage dropping above it.
- a step d ' (cf. FIG. 3d)
- the second movable contact 5 is disconnected from the second fixed contact 3 without current and contacted with the first fixed contact 2. Since the varistor 9 is in the blocking state, the current flowing through the auxiliary branch 7 is so small that it does not damage the selector when the first fixed contact 2 is contacted.
- the tap changer is now again in a stationary position in which both movable contacts 4, 5 contact the first fixed contact 3.
- the varistor 9 is in the blocking state since the auxiliary branch 7 is short-circuited by the parallel main branch 6.
- FIGS. 4a to 4d A further exemplary switching sequence of the on-load tap changer 1 according to the new concept is described in FIGS. 4a to 4d, with the second fixed contact 3 likewise being switched to the first fixed contact 2.
- a step a “(cf. FIG. 4a) the second movable contact 5 is disconnected from the second fixed contact 3 without current, since the switching element 8 is closed and thus the load current I L flows through the main branch 6.
- the step voltage drops across the varistor 9. The current flowing is so small that it does not damage the voter when contacting the first fixed contact 2.
- the switching element 8 is opened.
- the first movable contact 4 is separated from the load derivation 10 and the load current I L is switched from the main branch 6 to the auxiliary branch 7.
- the voltage drop across the varistor 9 increases to approximately 1.2 to 1.5 times the step voltage.
- a step c “(cf. FIG. 4c) the first movable contact 4, which is now no longer flowed through, is separated from the second fixed contact 3 and contacted with the first fixed contact 2.
- step d “(cf. FIG. 4d) the switching element 8 is closed again.
- the first movable contact 4 is now connected again to the load derivation 10 and the load current flows again via the main branch 6.
- the varistor 9 is again in the blocking state and the tap changer is again in a stationary position in which both movable contacts 4, 5 contact the first fixed contact 2.
Landscapes
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018113982.9A DE102018113982B4 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2018-06-12 | LOAD TAP SWITCH AND METHOD FOR ACTUATING A LOAD TAP SWITCH |
PCT/EP2019/065200 WO2019238669A1 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2019-06-11 | On-load tap-changer and method for actuating an on-load tap-changer |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3807916A1 true EP3807916A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
EP3807916B1 EP3807916B1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
EP3807916C0 EP3807916C0 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
Family
ID=66857894
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19730320.9A Active EP3807916B1 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2019-06-11 | On-load tap-changer and method for actuating an on-load tap-changer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3807916B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN112219251A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2019286437A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102018113982B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019238669A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102020128463A1 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-05 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | LOAD CONTROLLER AND METHOD OF OPERATING A LOAD CONTROLLER |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2604344A1 (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1977-08-18 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | STEPPED TRANSFORMER WITH OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE |
DE4223439C1 (en) | 1992-07-16 | 1994-03-17 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Load selector for tap changers on tap transformers |
US5523674A (en) | 1992-07-16 | 1996-06-04 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Step switch |
DE4439813C1 (en) | 1994-11-08 | 1996-06-20 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Tap changer and method for monitoring it |
DE19743864C1 (en) | 1997-10-04 | 1999-04-15 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Tap changer |
WO2010022750A1 (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-04 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Tap switch with semiconductor switching elements |
DE102012107080B3 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2013-10-10 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | step switch |
DE102013110652B4 (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2018-02-22 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Switch arrangement with selection |
EP3086343B1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2018-11-14 | Ormazabal Corporate Technology, A.I.E. | On-load tap changer device |
DE102015106178A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2016-10-27 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | OLTC |
-
2018
- 2018-06-12 DE DE102018113982.9A patent/DE102018113982B4/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-06-11 AU AU2019286437A patent/AU2019286437A1/en active Pending
- 2019-06-11 CN CN201980037103.6A patent/CN112219251A/en active Pending
- 2019-06-11 EP EP19730320.9A patent/EP3807916B1/en active Active
- 2019-06-11 WO PCT/EP2019/065200 patent/WO2019238669A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3807916B1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
CN112219251A (en) | 2021-01-12 |
WO2019238669A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
DE102018113982B4 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
EP3807916C0 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
AU2019286437A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
DE102018113982A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
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