EP3803907A1 - Système de refroidissement pour capteur à atomes froids et procédé de refroidissement associé - Google Patents
Système de refroidissement pour capteur à atomes froids et procédé de refroidissement associéInfo
- Publication number
- EP3803907A1 EP3803907A1 EP19727423.6A EP19727423A EP3803907A1 EP 3803907 A1 EP3803907 A1 EP 3803907A1 EP 19727423 A EP19727423 A EP 19727423A EP 3803907 A1 EP3803907 A1 EP 3803907A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- atoms
- cooling
- frequency
- atomic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/30—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating for confining neutral particles or handling confined neutral particles, e.g. atom traps
Definitions
- the invention lies in the field of cold atomic sensors. More particularly, the invention relates to laser cooling systems for the implementation of such sensors (100 mK class).
- the cold atomic sensors have already shown excellent performances for the measurement of time (clock) and gravitational fields (gravimeter), accelerations (accelerometer) and rotations (gyrometer). Their operating principle is recalled below.
- a cold atomic sensor requires obtaining a cloud of cold atoms, that is to say atoms that have been slowed down along the three directions of space, in a vacuum chamber. .
- a generation of cold atomic sensors uses an atomic chip (atomic chip) circuit to guide the path of the cloud (s) of cold atoms and to perform the measurement.
- atomic chip atomic chip
- the optical pumping phase is important so that all the atoms are on the same FO Zeeman Z0 sub-level that can be trapped by the atomic circuit.
- the atoms being positioned on the desired Zeeman Z0 sub-level are transferred or "charged” by lighting an elevator. magnetic. Once the cloud in the vicinity of the chip, the elevator is turned off and the "hottest" atoms are removed, for example by radiofrequency evaporation (second cooling), the remaining atoms then being said to be ultra-cold (class 100 nK).
- a measurement is then made using the microcircuits present on the chip (clock, speed, acceleration, rotation) of transferring a phase accumulated by the atomic wave function during the measurement into a difference in populations between two sub-levels.
- Zeeman A reading of the measurement is performed by counting the number of atoms in the different Zeeman sub-levels in play during the previous measurement. This reading is performed using a detection laser illuminating the cloud of ultra-cold atoms. This is the detection phase.
- the existing solutions for cooling atoms combine a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap as described in FIG. 1 and a three-dimensional optical magnetic trap as described in FIG. 2.
- the combination is described for example in the reference: D. Farkas, K. Hudek, E. Salim, S. Segal, M. Squires and D. Anderson, "A compact, transportable, microchip-based System for high-frequency repeat production of Bose-Einstein condensates ", Appl. Phys. Lett., 96 (2010).
- Figure 1 illustrates the magneto optical trap for making the trap 2 dimensions or MOT 2D (English abbreviation for Magneto-Optical-Trap).
- MOT 2D trap is meant to slow the atoms by canceling their speed in a given plane, in Figure 1 the given plane is the XY plane perpendicular to Z.
- the AC2D cloud consists of atoms slowed down in the XY plane (their temperature in this plane is in the 100 mK class) but not along the Z axis (temperature in this direction corresponding to the ambient temperature).
- the AC2D cloud is then directed through an orifice in a second chamber in which it is simultaneously illuminated by 6 laser beams in 3 different directions (2 contra-propagative beams per direction), two in the plane of the sheet and one in a direction perpendicular to the sheet) commonly called 3D WORD X1, 3D WORD X2 and 3D WORD H, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- 3D WORD X1, 3D WORD X2 and 3D WORD H 3D WORD X1, 3D WORD X2 and 3D WORD H, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- a system of coils identical to that of FIG. not shown) is also necessary to apply a magnetic field similar to that applied in the first enclosure.
- the atomic cloud In the volume illuminated by the intersection of the 6 beams is formed the atomic cloud slowed along the three directions AC3D. Typically a temperature in the 100 mK class is obtained in all three directions.
- An atomic circuit Atc is arranged in the second chamber, to perform the measurements, once the AC3D cloud "loaded” on the circuit.
- a first magnetic field having a specific spatial configuration zero at the center of the magneto optical trap and increasing with the distance from the center
- This first field is typically generated, for: the first enclosure, by four IC coils or four permanent magnets (see FIG. 1 and the aforementioned publication Farkas 2010),
- a second magnetic field (homogeneous, approximately 2 Gauss) applied only in the second enclosure is typically generated by two AHC coils in anti-Helmholtz configuration.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the main atomic levels of interest of rubidium 87.
- the magnitude F is defined as the atomic angular momentum.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the frequencies required during the three phases mentioned above (cooling, pumping, detection).
- a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap is made.
- a polarization of the laser L1 of type s + OR s (circular right or left) is necessary.
- the 12 laser beams of the two traps MOT 2D and MOT 3D simultaneously illuminate the two enclosures, and each beam contains the two frequencies f R androi d and f R e p om p from the two lasers L1 and L2 .
- the first magnetic field described above is also simultaneously applied to the two speakers.
- the Zeeman sub-levels are characterized by the value of the magnitude m F corresponding to the projection of the atomic angular momentum F on the quantization axis.
- a sub-level Zeeman is thus described by the value of F and the value of m F according to the formalism
- the predetermined sub-level Z0 is the level
- a homogeneous magnetic field is applied in the enclosure containing MOT 3D, to remove the degeneracy of the different Zeeman sub-levels, ie to give each Zeeman sub-level a different energy that makes it possible to discriminate them.
- the L1 laser here polarized s + (right circular), is reused as a laser for pumping (it then illuminates the atomic cloud in a different direction than during cooling), it must be at a frequency f p0 mp below one determined transition of a magnitude e2 of about 160 to 260 MHz.
- the laser L1 is used here as a detection laser with a frequency f det adjusted on an atomic resonance.
- the lasers L1 and L2 can be used sequentially or simultaneously.
- cooling systems for cold atom sensor according to the state of the art capable of providing a number of cold atoms in the range 100 mK are expensive, complex to achieve and implement.
- An object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a simplified cooling system using a cooling principle in isotropic light. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- the subject of the present invention is a cooling system for a cold-atom sensor comprising:
- 2D chamber a two-dimensional cooling chamber, called 2D chamber, kept under ultra-high vacuum and arranged at least partially inside an integrating cylinder having a Z axis, said integrating cylinder being configured to illuminate the 2D chamber by a first isotropic light said 2D chamber comprising atoms to be cooled,
- a three-dimensional cooling chamber called a 3D chamber, maintained under ultra-vacuum and connected to the 2D chamber by an opening (Op) configured to allow the passage of said atoms from the 2D chamber to the 3D chamber by displacement substantially according to Z axis, said 3D chamber being disposed at least partially within an integrating sphere, said integrating sphere being configured to illuminate the 3D chamber by a second isotropic light.
- the 2D chamber is further configured to be illuminated, via a porthole, by a laser beam along the Z axis.
- the first and second isotropic light respectively come from a first and a second set of optical fibers respectively connected to the integrating cylinder and to the integrating sphere via associated inputs.
- the first set consists of four multimode optical fibers, the four associated inputs being disposed in the same plane perpendicular to the Z axis and passing through the middle of the height of said cylinder, and being spaced 90 °.
- the second set consists of four multimode optical fibers, the four associated inputs being arranged so that two of them are diametrically opposed and located on a straight line passing through the center of the sphere, the two other inputs being located in a plane perpendicular to said line and containing the center of the sphere.
- the integrating sphere further has two openings for the passage of a detection beam.
- the optical fibers are configured so that an optical field inside the sphere has fine-grain scabs.
- the inner surface of said integrating cylinder and the inner surface of the integrating sphere are each a mirror with high reflectivity or perfectly diffusing.
- the cooling system according to the invention further comprises a device for generating a uniform magnetic field in the 3D chamber, and a device for generating a microwave wave propagating in the 3D chamber, said wave microwave having a plurality of frequencies.
- the invention relates to a cold atomic circuit sensor comprising a source of atoms, a cooling system according to the invention and an atomic circuit arranged inside the 3D chamber or constituting at least partially one of the walls of said 3D chamber.
- the atomic circuit constitutes at least partially a wall of the 3D chamber and is transparent, the non-vacuum face being coated with a diffusing or reflecting layer.
- the invention relates to a method for cooling atoms for a cold atomic sensor with an atomic circuit, said sensor comprising:
- a two-dimensional cooling chamber called a 2D chamber, kept under ultrahigh vacuum and comprising atoms to be cooled, said 2D chamber being disposed at least partially inside an integrating cylinder having a Z axis, said integrating cylinder being configured to illuminate the 2D chamber by a first isotropic light,
- 3D chamber a three-dimensional cooling chamber, called 3D chamber, kept under ultra-vacuum and connected to the 2D chamber by an opening configured to allow passage of said atoms from the 2D chamber to the 3D chamber by substantially Z-axis displacement, said 3D chamber being disposed at least partially within an integrating sphere configured to illuminate the 3D chamber by a second isotropic light,
- said atoms to be cooled having a first and a second fundamental level, said levels being hyperfine
- a first phase of cooling implemented during a first lapse of time consisting in cooling the atoms and putting them in one of the two hyperfine fundamental states called FO, comprising a step of illumination of the 2D chamber and the 3D chamber by respectively the first and the second isotropic light, said isotropic lights having a cooling frequency and a repolishing frequency,
- a second phase of optical pumping implemented after having switched off the isotropic lights for a second period of time, said second phase being implemented during a third period of time and intended to put the atoms in a determined Zeeman sub-level; of the ground state, said second phase comprising the steps, implemented simultaneously in the 3D chamber, consisting of:
- each frequency corresponding to a resonant frequency of a transition between a Zeeman sub-level of the first fundamental level and a Zeeman sub-level of the second fundamental level.
- the 2D chamber is also illuminated with a laser beam along the axis Z of the cylinder, exhibiting the cooling frequency and the repolishing frequency.
- the invention relates to a measurement method realized by a cold atom sensor comprising an atomic circuit disposed inside the 3D chamber or constituting one of the walls of said 3D chamber, the method comprising:
- a detection step carried out using a detection laser beam which illuminates said 3D atoms located near the atomic circuit.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the magneto-optical trap for making the 2-dimensional trap known as MOT 2D according to the state of the art.
- FIG. 2 already mentioned, illustrates the magneto-optical trap for making the 3-dimensional trap called MOT 3D according to the state of the art.
- Figure 3 already mentioned, illustrates the main atomic levels of interest of rubidium 87.
- FIG. 4 already mentioned, illustrates the necessary frequencies during the three phases, cooling, pumping and detection necessary for the implementation of a cold atom sensor according to the state of the art.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a cooling system for a cold-atom sensor according to the invention.
- Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment of illumination of the 2D chamber by the cylinder integrating via four optical fibers.
- Figure 8 illustrates an example of a distribution of the four optical fiber inputs in the integrating sphere.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a cold atomic sensor with an atomic circuit according to the invention.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an atom cooling process for a cold atomic atomic circuit sensor according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 describes the mechanism of the second phase of optical pumping of the method according to the invention, for the case of rubidium 87.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a measurement method performed by a cold atom sensor according to the invention.
- the cooling system 10 for a cold atom sensor according to the invention is illustrated in FIG.
- isotropic cooling Isotropie Light Cooling in English
- TG Aardena et al Tranverse scattering in Isotropy Light Slowing” Physical Review Letters Vol 76, No. 5, 1996.
- a pre-collimated beam of atoms is cooled in two directions.
- This principle is based on the pulse exchange between the photons absorbed and emitted by the atom to be cooled. Let a atom of speed v, the atom to be cooled absorbs photons whose pulse is on the surface of a cone of angle Q such that:
- the cooling system 10 comprises two cooling chambers, a 2D chamber and a 3D chamber, and is based on the combination of a cylinder and an integrating sphere as described below.
- a two-dimensional cooling chamber Ch2D or 2D chamber is maintained under ultra-high vacuum using a not shown pump system connected to the duct 5.
- the 2D chamber is disposed at least partially inside a cylinder integrating IC having a symmetry of revolution along a Z axis.
- atoms 13 to cool In the 2D chamber there are atoms 13 to cool. These atoms are preferably rubidium-87 but may also be rubidium-85, cesium, sodium or potassium-40 atoms.
- these atoms come from a source disposed inside the 2D chamber such as a filament (not shown).
- these atoms come from an additional chamber connected to the 2D chamber.
- the 2D chamber is used to "charge" the 3D chamber with pre-cooled atoms.
- the integrating cylinder is configured to illuminate the 2D chamber with a first isotropic light IL1.
- the first isotropic light IL1 has two frequencies defined in the state of the art, the cooling frequency f Retroid and the repolishing frequency f Rep0mp (see method below).
- the inner surface 12 of the cylinder IC is constituted either of a high reflectivity mirror, for example copper with an optical polish, or a perfectly diffusing material, for example spectral TM.
- the objective is to illuminate the 2D chamber with, in an XY plane, light rays arriving equivalently from all directions and to have symmetry by translation along the Z axis of the light field.
- the 2D chamber Ch2D is also of cylindrical shape and its walls are made of glass, transparent for the operating wavelength, around 780 nm for rubidium 87.
- the isotropic light illuminating the atoms 13 makes it possible to cool the atoms 13 contained in Ch2D in a plane YX perpendicular to Z and perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 6 (see the section on the cooling process below).
- the 2D chamber combined with the cylinder incorporating IC is configured to produce a 2-dimensional optical trap OT2D for atoms 13 present in the 2D chamber.
- the atoms thus cooled form an AC2D cloud of wired form along Z located in the center of the cylinder.
- the cloud AC2D then passes into the 3D chamber Ch3D through an opening Op which connects Ch2D and Ch3D and allows the passage of the atoms of the cloud AC2D from the 2D chamber to the 3D chamber by displacement substantially along the Z axis.
- the opening Op is typically of the order of a millimeter in diameter and of the order of a few millimeters in depth.
- this hole of passage of the atoms between the two chambers is made in a planar piece 3 OFHC copper whose surface has an optical polish. This allows, in addition to the already mentioned two-dimensional cooling, to pre-cool the atoms in the vertical direction. This increases the number of cooled atoms in the Ch3D three-dimensional cooling chamber.
- the 2D chamber is further configured to be illuminated, via a window 14 by a pusher laser beam Fp direction along the axis of the cylinder Z, as shown in Figure 6.
- a pusher laser beam Fp direction along the axis of the cylinder Z, as shown in Figure 6.
- the cooling system according to the invention also comprises a three-dimensional cooling chamber Ch3D denominated 3D chamber connected to the 2D chamber through an opening Op.
- Op aperture is configured to allow the passage of the atoms 13 of the 2D chamber to the 3D chamber by displacement substantially along the Z axis, as shown in FIG. 6.
- the chamber Ch3D is kept under ultra-high vacuum by a pump system, not shown, connected via the duct 6.
- the 3D chamber is disposed at least partially within an integrating sphere IS which is configured to illuminate the 3D chamber by a second isotropic light IL2.
- the two-dimensional cooling serves to charge the three-dimensional cooling chamber with pre-cooled atoms.
- Three-dimensional cooling is used to cool a large number of atoms by laser (10 9 atoms to 100 mK in 100 ms, for example).
- the 3D chamber combined with the integrating sphere IS is configured to make a three-dimensional optical trap of the atoms 13 from the 2D chamber. Once cooled in three dimensions, the atoms form an AC3D cloud illustrated in FIG. 6. This cloud is then used to make a measurement of clock, acceleration, speed, rotation (see process below).
- the 3D Ch3D chamber is of parallelepipedal shape, and its walls are made of glass, transparent for the operating wavelength, around 780 nm for rubidium 87.
- the surface 24 of the integrating sphere IS is subject to the same specifications as that of the cylinder incorporating IC.
- Cooling is effected by illumination of the chambers by IL1 and IL2 according to a method described below.
- Ch2D and Ch3D are illuminated by a light (respectively IL1 and IL2) having two frequencies f Retroid and f Repomp defined above.
- the 3D chamber is illuminated with a single optical frequency f Repomp.
- the cooling method is different from the method according to the state of the art.
- the frequencies F Retroid and f Repomp come from two lasers L1 and L2.
- the frequencies F Retroid and f Repomp come from two lasers L1 and L2.
- the reflected (respectively diffuse) light beams which illuminate Ch2D and Ch3D are not not polarized, unlike the beams used in the state of the art to be polarized.
- the illumination system of the 2D and 3D chambers according to the invention made with the integrating cylinder and the integrating sphere is greatly simplified with respect to the optical system of the state of the art.
- the polarization of the light that illuminates the Ch2D and Ch3D chambers no longer needs to be controlled.
- the first magnetic field having a specific spatial variation such that used conventionally is no longer necessary.
- the first isotropic light IL1 and the second isotropic light IL2 respectively come from a first and a second set of optical fibers respectively connected to the integrating cylinder and to the integrating sphere via associated inputs.
- Optical fibers OF1 for IC and OF2 for IS are shown in FIG. 6.
- the optical fibers are connected at the other end to both L1 and L2 to convey the light from the lasers into the cylinder and the sphere.
- the routing of the light via optical fibers is made possible because there is no constraint on the polarization of the light illuminating the chambers and the shape of the beams illuminating the first chamber Ch2D and the second chamber Ch3D.
- the first set consists of four OF1 multimode optical fibers whose four associated inputs are arranged so that the inside of the cylinder is illuminated uniformly.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of illumination of Ch2D by the cylinder integrating IC via four optical fibers in which the four associated inputs 11 are arranged in the same plane P1 perpendicular to the Z axis and passing through the middle of the height. h of said cylinder.
- the four inputs 1 1 are preferably spaced 90 °.
- Figure 7a illustrates a side view of the cylinder IC while Figure 7b shows a sectional view along the plane P1 as defined above.
- This configuration makes it possible to have a light field whose photon pulse distribution is the most isotropic possible in an XY plane and has a relatively good symmetry in translation along the vertical axis of the cylinder.
- This pulse distribution follows the distribution of light rays in the cylinder described above.
- the cooling system according to the invention comprises at the level of Ch2D, four permanent magnets disposed outside the IC cylinder to create a first magnetic field as described according to the state of the art. This field makes it possible, if necessary to increase the collimation of the AC2D atom beam. However, it is not necessary for the implementation of the cooling system.
- the second set consists of four OF2 multimode optical fibers, the four associated inputs being arranged so that the interior of the sphere is illuminated uniformly.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a distribution of the four associated inputs 21 in which two of them (not shown) are diametrically opposed and located on a straight line passing through the center of the sphere, the other two inputs (illustrated in FIG. located in a plane perpendicular to said straight line and containing the center of the sphere.
- a cold atomic atomic atomic atomic sensor Atc it is arranged in Ch3D.
- the fibers passing through the inputs 21 point to the center of the atomic chip Atc. This configuration allows the maximum intensity of the laser field to be close to the atomic chip while maintaining an isotropic distribution of the photon pulse of the laser field.
- the integrating sphere IS furthermore has two openings 22 illustrated in FIG. 8 allowing the passage of a detection beam Fdet.
- This beam illuminates the AC3D cloud that has been approached by the Atc circuit (by a magnetic elevator, not shown) to detect the atoms by absorption or fluorescence (counting the number of atoms in different states to finalize the measurement).
- the optical fibers OF2 are configured so that the optical field inside the sphere has scabs (or "speckle" in English) of fine grain.
- Fine scab is defined as scab, the typical size of which is a few times the wavelength of the light used for cooling.
- the sphere IS has openings 23, one of which is illustrated in FIG. 8 allowing the passage of the electrical connections of the atomic chip as well as the magnetic elevator. All the cables passing through these openings are covered either with a high reflectivity material or a diffusing material and the openings are just enough sizes for the passage of cables. This is done to avoid that photons are absorbed in the sphere or out of the sphere and therefore no longer contribute to the cooling process.
- two unrepresented coils make it possible to generate a magnetic field geometry identical to that used for the cooling phase of AC3D in the state of the art.
- This magnetic field makes it possible, if necessary, to increase the density in the space of the phases of the cloud of atoms.
- the cooling method with the cooling system according to the invention has specific features. To be implemented, it requires the application of a homogeneous magnetic field in Ch3D and of a microwave wave with several frequencies.
- the cooling system according to the invention further comprises a device for generating in the 3D chamber a uniform magnetic field, and a device for generating, also in the 3D chamber, a microwave wave exhibiting a plurality of frequencies.
- the device for generating the homogeneous magnetic field comprises two coils 92 used in the Helmholtz configuration disposed outside the integrating sphere IS (see further on FIG. 9).
- the device for generating the microwave wave comprises an antenna disposed inside the 3D chamber.
- the device for generating the microwave wave comprises a planar microwave guide 91 disposed on the atomic chip Atc (see Figure 9 below).
- the invention relates to a cold atomic circuit sensor 50 illustrated in FIG. 9 comprising a source of atoms S, a cooling system 10 according to the invention as described above and an atomic circuit Atc, for example in SiC (silicon carbide) or AlN (aluminum nitride).
- the source of atoms S is disposed inside Ch2D, as illustrated in FIG. 9.
- the atoms are injected into Ch2D from a source located in an additional chamber connected to the chamber. 2D for example via the conduit 5.
- the circuit Atc at least partially one of the walls of said 3D chamber.
- the circuit Atc is arranged inside the 3D chamber.
- the circuit Atc is transparent, and the face not being on the side of AC3D (face which is not in the vacuum for the first option) is coated with a layer configured to diffuse the light, such as spectral TM or a reflective layer such as gold. This improves the isotropic distribution of the photon pulse of the cooling optical field.
- the invention relates to a method 90 for cooling atoms for a cold atomic sensor with an atomic circuit, as illustrated in FIG.
- the sensor comprises a two-dimensional cooling chamber Ch2D comprising atoms 13 to be cooled disposed at least partially inside an integrating cylinder having a Z axis, the cylinder incorporating IC being configured to illuminate the 2D chamber by a first light isotropic IL1.
- the sensor also comprises a three-dimensional cooling chamber Ch3D connected to the chamber 2D by an opening Op configured to allow the passage of atoms of the 2D chamber to the 3D chamber by displacement substantially along the axis Z.
- the 3D chamber is disposed at least partially within an integrating sphere IS configured to illuminate the 3D chamber by a second isotropic light IL2.
- the atoms 13 to be cooled have a first and a second fundamental level, said levels being hyperfine (see definition above).
- the method according to the invention comprises a first cooling phase and a second optical pumping phase, but these phases have specificities due to cooling by isotropic light.
- the first cooling phase 100 implemented during a first period of time T 1, consists in cooling the atoms and putting them in one of the two hyperfine fundamental states, which we will call FO.
- T 1 is of the order of 100 ms.
- This first phase comprises a step 101 for illuminating the 2D chamber and the 3D chamber by respectively the first isotropic light IL1 and the second isotropic light IL2, these isotropic lights having a cooling frequency f Retroid and a repolishing frequency f Rep0mP ⁇ No specific polarization of the beams is necessary.
- This phase is typically implemented by switching on the L1 cooling laser and the L2 repulping laser which, via optical fibers for example, illuminate the IC cylinder and the IS sphere.
- the 2D chamber is also illuminated with a laser beam Fp called "pusher" along the axis Z of the cylinder, also having the cooling frequency f Cool and the repolishing frequency f Rep0mP (step 102 on the Figure 10).
- this beam is derived from the combination of a beam from L1 and a beam from L2. It is therefore lit at the same time as IL1 and IL2. Then the lights (IL1, IL2, Fp if applicable) are turned off for a second time T2, typically by turning off the lasers.
- T2 corresponds to 100 ps.
- the method according to the invention therefore comprises a second optical pumping phase 200, implemented after switching off the isotropic lights during the second period of time T2.
- This second phase being implemented during a third time period T3 and is intended to put the atoms in a determined Zeeman sub-level Z0 of the ground state F0.
- the time T3 is of the order of a millisecond.
- the second phase comprises the following steps, implemented simultaneously in the 3D chamber.
- a homogeneous magnetic field is applied, which has the same characteristics as the second magnetic field described in the state of the prior art.
- the integrating sphere IS is also illuminated (step 202 in FIG. 10) with the second isotropic light IL2 having only the repolishing frequency f Rep0mp ⁇
- the repeater laser L2 is lit, the cooling laser L1 being extinguished.
- Each frequency of the microwave field corresponds to a resonant frequency of a transition between a Zeeman sub-level of the first fundamental level and a Zeeman sub-level of the second fundamental level, so as to prevent the atoms from accumulating in the sub-levels.
- Zeeman levels other than the specified Zeeman sub-level Z0.
- the first frequency f1 corresponds to the frequency of the transition
- the second frequency f2 corresponds to the frequency of the transition
- the third frequency f3 corresponds to the frequency of the transition
- the fourth frequency f4 corresponds to the frequency of the transition
- the invention in the method according to the invention for charging the magnetic trap, an optical pumping combining four microwave fields and a laser field whose polarization is random is used.
- the invention relates to a measurement method 190 illustrated in FIG. 12 realized by a cold atom sensor comprising an atomic circuit Atc disposed inside the 3D chamber or constituting one of the walls of said 3D chamber.
- the method comprises a first cooling step carried out by the cooling method 90 according to the invention, then a step 93 for transferring atoms near the atomic circuit with a magnetic elevator, and then a step 94 for trapping said atoms on the atomic circuit to cool them again (second cooling).
- the two-dimensional cooling serves to charge the three-dimensional cooling chamber Ch3D with pre-cooled atoms.
- the three-dimensional cooling is used to cool a large number of atoms (10 9 atoms to 100 mK in 100 ms) by laser which are then transferred to the Zeeman Z0 sub-level (step 200). Then we turn on a magnetic elevator to transfer the atoms (step 93) to the magnetic trap created by the atomic chip Atc in the vicinity thereof (step 94). Then in a step 96 a measurement is performed by microcircuits present on the atomic circuit AtC. For example to make a rotation measurement the atoms are put in a coherent superposition of two Zeeman sub-levels (denoted
- b> are moved in opposite directions.
- the atoms in the vicinity of the chip populate different Zeeman sub-levels according to a distribution function of the parameter that one wishes to measure.
- a detection step 98 is performed and consists in counting the number of respective atoms in the different Zeeman sub-levels in play during the previous measurement. This detection is carried out using a Fdet detection laser beam, which illuminates the 3D atoms located near the atomic circuit. The detection is effected by fluorescence or absorption.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1800578A FR3082301B1 (fr) | 2018-06-07 | 2018-06-07 | Systeme de refroidissement pour capteur a atomes froids et procede de refroidissement associe |
| PCT/EP2019/064439 WO2019233987A1 (fr) | 2018-06-07 | 2019-06-04 | Système de refroidissement pour capteur à atomes froids et procédé de refroidissement associé |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3803907A1 true EP3803907A1 (fr) | 2021-04-14 |
| EP3803907B1 EP3803907B1 (fr) | 2022-03-23 |
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| EP19727423.6A Active EP3803907B1 (fr) | 2018-06-07 | 2019-06-04 | Système de refroidissement pour capteur à atomes froids et procédé de refroidissement associé |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US11454936B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3803907B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN112470235B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3082301B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019233987A1 (fr) |
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| FR3082301B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-07 | 2020-07-03 | Thales | Systeme de refroidissement pour capteur a atomes froids et procede de refroidissement associe |
| JP7520310B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2024-07-23 | 日本電子株式会社 | 光格子時計用物理パッケージ |
| CN112185604B (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2024-02-13 | 华南师范大学 | 一种应用于超冷镱原子系统产生双色磁光阱的方法 |
| CN115963328A (zh) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-04-14 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 原子芯片的磁场系统 |
| CN114005571B (zh) * | 2021-10-22 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 准一维冷原子源制备装置及方法 |
| CN119830753B (zh) * | 2024-12-30 | 2025-11-11 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | 一种基于贝叶斯优化的积分球漫反射激光冷却优化方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2730845B1 (fr) * | 1995-02-17 | 1997-04-30 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Configuration de refroidissement radiatif d'atomes neutres a l'aide d'un rayonnement isotrope |
| US9117563B2 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-08-25 | Cold Quanta, Inc. | Ultra-cold-matter system with thermally-isolated nested source cell |
| CN103763847B (zh) * | 2014-01-14 | 2016-03-09 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 积分球磁不敏囚禁系统 |
| CN104090481B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-07-13 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 漫反射激光冷却原子的柱形微波腔 |
| CN107076705B (zh) * | 2015-09-03 | 2019-11-26 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | 表面辅助激光解吸电离法、质量分析方法和质量分析装置 |
| CN107861251B (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-07-16 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 空心光束激光冷却柱型积分球装置 |
| FR3082301B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-07 | 2020-07-03 | Thales | Systeme de refroidissement pour capteur a atomes froids et procede de refroidissement associe |
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2018
- 2018-06-07 FR FR1800578A patent/FR3082301B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2019
- 2019-06-04 EP EP19727423.6A patent/EP3803907B1/fr active Active
- 2019-06-04 CN CN201980048044.2A patent/CN112470235B/zh active Active
- 2019-06-04 WO PCT/EP2019/064439 patent/WO2019233987A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-06-04 US US17/250,135 patent/US11454936B2/en active Active
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11454936B2 (en) | 2022-09-27 |
| FR3082301B1 (fr) | 2020-07-03 |
| CN112470235A (zh) | 2021-03-09 |
| CN112470235B (zh) | 2024-04-09 |
| US20210232101A1 (en) | 2021-07-29 |
| FR3082301A1 (fr) | 2019-12-13 |
| WO2019233987A1 (fr) | 2019-12-12 |
| EP3803907B1 (fr) | 2022-03-23 |
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