EP3793892A1 - Aile portante régulé par force de portance - Google Patents

Aile portante régulé par force de portance

Info

Publication number
EP3793892A1
EP3793892A1 EP19803799.6A EP19803799A EP3793892A1 EP 3793892 A1 EP3793892 A1 EP 3793892A1 EP 19803799 A EP19803799 A EP 19803799A EP 3793892 A1 EP3793892 A1 EP 3793892A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrofoil
control
resistive element
vessel
force
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19803799.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3793892A4 (fr
Inventor
Guy Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3793892A1 publication Critical patent/EP3793892A1/fr
Publication of EP3793892A4 publication Critical patent/EP3793892A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B79/00—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation
    • B63B79/10—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation using sensors, e.g. pressure sensors, strain gauges or accelerometers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/18—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydroplane type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
    • B63B1/248—Shape, hydrodynamic features, construction of the foil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
    • B63B1/28—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
    • B63B1/28—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils
    • B63B1/285—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils changing the angle of attack or the lift of the foil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/06—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water

Definitions

  • a lifting force regulated hydrofoil Description of:
  • Hydrofoil technology potentially offers improved efficiency for waterborne craft. Hydrofoils can be used to lift a vessel completely clear of the water surface so that the vessel is essentially flying, or they can be used to provide only a portion of the lift required for the vessel to float on the water surface.
  • the performance of the foil section used to construct a hydrofoil operates within a range of parameters that produce both lift and drag that vary in response to angle of attack.
  • the performance of said hydrofoil is represented by the ratio of lift to drag with a higher ratio being desirable.
  • a hydrofoil can achieve lift to drag ratios in the range of 0 to 150.
  • a planing vessel typically might achieve a best-case lift to drag ration of around 6. Where the unaided planing vessel has an advantage is that its lift to drag ratio does not change significantly over a wide range of velocities. In comparison a hydrofoil has a narrower range of velocities where it can produce effective lift to drag ratios.
  • This invention may be used to improve the portion of time, and the range of conditions, over which the hydrofoil can be considered a benefit.
  • Hydrofoil craft that completely rise above the surface present a lot of design challenges.
  • the height must be enough to clear the wave action, but the height must be carefully regulated, and the pitch and roll of the vessel also must be controlled.
  • This invention may be used to improve the control characteristics of vessels that fly above the surface by altering the range of performance of said hydrofoil(s) as compared with the raw unmodified hydrofoil performance. For example, if the total lifting force is capped at slightly higher than the weight of the vessel and occupant(s), then vertical acceleration of the vessel and occupant(s) in response to trim changes of said vessel can be better managed.
  • the lift of a hydrofoil is proportional to its surface area, angle of attack, velocity squared and the foil section itself. It is thus difficult to design a hydrofoil that provides the correct amount of lift over a wide range of velocities and vessel trim angles, and it can be correspondingly difficult to control.
  • the regulation of said lifting force in response to that force itself avoids needing to consider these independent variables.
  • the lift of a hydrofoil may be altered by changing its angle of attack, or using various possible lift modifying flaps or trim tabs that effectively alter the camber of the foil section.
  • the system described by the claims varies the angle of attack to produce negative feedback that alters the performance of the hydrofoil compared with one unaided by such a system.
  • This system permits operating the hydrofoil in its optimal range irrespective of such variables as velocity and vessel trim angle.
  • Unaided planing vessels experience a transitional hump when changing from displacement mode to planing mode.
  • This hump requires a significant input of power.
  • a hydrofoil can be used to reduce the magnitude of this hump and improve transitional performance.
  • This invention automatically increases the hydrofoil angle of attack to its most optimal region (typically around five degrees) in order to be able to provide a best-case lift at the lowest resultant additional drag.
  • the elements of this system may be merged with the elements of additional control systems, such that the resultant behaviors may be combined.
  • a system that also regulates height of the vessel above the surface, or maybe adjusts the roll or trim angle of the vessel.
  • Those other control systems are not within the scope of this invention, and do not impact the fundamentals of this invention. But this invention can be used to improve the net performance of the combined systems.
  • the performance of the control system may need to be adjusted to meet changing
  • the beam shown in the drawing was implemented as a hinged plate that also incorporated the mechanical connection to the hydrofoil strut. As the lift produced by the hydrofoil increases the resistive element compresses, this causes the plate to rotate clockwise about its pivot point and that causes the angle of attack to decrease, which in turn decreases the lifting force. The plate will rotate about its pivot until the hydrofoil lifting forces equal the resistance force from the resistive element measured coaxially and perpendicularly through the center of lift of the hydrofoil. Variation of the characteristics of the resistive element can be used to change the performance of the hydrofoil. A simple gas spring was observed to produce ideal results for the sailboard application but may not necessarily produce the best results for other types of vessel.
  • the implemented design is shown by these two drawings.
  • the first implementation also featured a secondary stabilizer hydrofoil added to reduce pitching movements of the vessel in choppy water. Subsequently a second implementation was made that eliminated that secondary stabilizer hydrofoil.
  • resistive element Various types were considered in the design phase that included the following.
  • Torsion spring (using a different mechanical arrangement).
  • hinged plate Another advantage of the hinged plate is that lateral forces from the hydrofoil strut are transmitted to the vessel without impeding the vertical motion of the plate and the attached hydrofoil.
  • the observed behavior was that the hydrofoil produced lift that was a significant portion of the total weight of the vessel and occupant, but not enough to raise the vessel above the water surface.
  • the gas springs were observed to compress and expand in response to vessel trim angle and velocity, thereby changing the angle of attack of the hydrofoil in order to maintain almost constant lifting force.
  • high angle of attack approximately five degrees
  • the angle of attack reduced to yield smaller lift coefficients that produced approximately the same total lift.
  • the angle of attack of the hydrofoil was maintained by compression and expansion of the gas springs to produce the same lift.
  • the gas spring pressure was set to provide approximately 80% of the weight of the vessel and occupant as direct lift as measured at the hydrofoil itself. This figure represents a tradeoff between stability and controllability of the vessel and performance. This can easily be adjusted by changing the internal pressure of the gas spring.
  • the hydrofoil typically operates in a more efficient manner than the planing surface or displacement mode of the vessel. As measured by the lift to drag ratio. As the angle of attack of the hydrofoil decreases the lift to drag ratio may fall from the optimal lift / drag range and eventually the advantage given by the hydrofoil in comparison to the planing surface will disappear. Typically, the range of velocities covered starting from the point full lift is developed and extending to the point of diminishing returns is a factor of between three and four times but depends upon the foil section selected.
  • the designer has the option to adjust the surface area of the hydrofoil and its foil section to control the velocities at which these end points occur.
  • the designer needs to pay attention to the placement of the resultant lifting force in relationship to the center of mass of the vessel. Different locations will yield a different overall behavior. Additionally, the lateral forces associated with the supporting strut or mast may need to be considered.
  • the center of lift of the main hydrofoil may need to be in a different location from the center of lateral resistance of the vessel. Techniques exist for this to happen that are beyond the scope of this patent, but the second sailboard implementation built displaced the hydrofoil forwards from the vertical strut (fin) using a cantilevered beam (fuselage).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

Les revendications décrivent un système de commande de performance d'aile portante pour des navires à l'eau où le poids des vaisseaux est entièrement ou partiellement supporté par des ailes ou ailes portantes totalement ou partiellement immergées, et où la quantité de portance fournie par lesdites ailes est régulée en fonction de cette portance. Un système de commande classique comprend une ou plusieurs entrées sensorielles, un procédé ou une fonction pour traduire l'entrée en une sortie de commande, et un actionneur qui fait tourner les sorties en déplacements réels. Selon la présente invention, l'entrée de commande est la force de portance actuellement produite par l'aile portante. La sortie de déplacement est le déplacement nécessaire pour réguler la force de portance en réponse à l'entrée telle que définie par la relation fonctionnelle entre l'entrée et la sortie. L'invention combine les trois éléments du système de commande de base en un seul élément résistif mécanique, un élément résistif étant un élément qui s'oppose à la force appliquée à celui-ci et ladite force produisant un déplacement dans ledit élément résistif. Les caractéristiques précises dudit élément résistif mécanique déterminent le mappage fonctionnel entre l'entrée de commande et la sortie de commande. Ledit élément résistif mécanique peut fonctionner en compression, en tension ou en torsion en fonction de l'agencement mécanique précis utilisé pour supporter ladite(lesdites) aile(s) portante(s). Le déplacement produit dans ledit élément résistif mécanique est utilisé pour fournir le déplacement de sortie de commande par l'intermédiaire d'un couplage mécanique qui modifie la portance produite par ladite aile portante en modifiant son angle d'attaque. Les performances de l'élément résistif mécanique peuvent être ajustées pour modifier les performances globales du système de commande.
EP19803799.6A 2018-05-14 2019-05-13 Aile portante régulé par force de portance Withdrawn EP3793892A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201862671368P 2018-05-14 2018-05-14
PCT/US2019/032063 WO2019222119A1 (fr) 2018-05-14 2019-05-13 Aile portante régulé par force de portance

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3793892A1 true EP3793892A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
EP3793892A4 EP3793892A4 (fr) 2022-03-09

Family

ID=74592846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19803799.6A Withdrawn EP3793892A4 (fr) 2018-05-14 2019-05-13 Aile portante régulé par force de portance

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20210114692A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3793892A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019222119A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10597118B2 (en) 2016-09-12 2020-03-24 Kai Concepts, LLC Watercraft device with hydrofoil and electric propeller system
US10946939B1 (en) 2020-04-22 2021-03-16 Kai Concepts, LLC Watercraft having a waterproof container and a waterproof electrical connector
US11897583B2 (en) 2020-04-22 2024-02-13 Kai Concepts, LLC Watercraft device with hydrofoil and electric propulsion system
US11485457B1 (en) 2021-06-14 2022-11-01 Kai Concepts, LLC Hydrojet propulsion system
US11878775B2 (en) 2021-07-13 2024-01-23 Kai Concepts, LLC Leash system and methods of use
NL2029177B1 (en) * 2021-09-13 2023-03-23 Excellent Naval Arch B V Planing boat comprising a supporting hydrofoil with an asymmetric hydrofoil section

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2257406A (en) * 1934-08-01 1941-09-30 Burtenbach Hanns Freiherr Von Supporting plane for hydroplanes
US3141437A (en) * 1958-05-23 1964-07-21 Scherer Constant lift system for craft
US3117546A (en) * 1960-11-04 1964-01-14 Schertel Hanns Von Automatic hydrofoil control system for watercraft
US5054410A (en) * 1989-12-27 1991-10-08 Scarborough Greer T Hydrofoil sailboat with control system
AU683418B2 (en) * 1991-12-20 1997-11-13 Payne Dynafoils, Inc. Hydrofoil craft
AU3203997A (en) * 1996-05-06 1997-11-26 Dynafoils, Inc Hydrofoil craft
JP4051165B2 (ja) * 1999-11-01 2008-02-20 ヤンマー株式会社 水中翼付き船

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2019222119A1 (fr) 2019-11-21
EP3793892A4 (fr) 2022-03-09
US20210114692A1 (en) 2021-04-22

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