EP3775993A1

EP3775993A1 - Mobile apparatus and method for detecting an object space

Info

Publication number: EP3775993A1
Application number: EP19720395.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Mandolin MAIDT; Andreas Goebel; Stefan Romberg; Georg Schroth; Michael Jaschke; Prashant DOSHI; Sarah GODOJ; Hernando Samuel PINZON HOLGUIN; Matthias Wagner; Humberto ALVAREZ-HEREDIA; Neeti TYAGI; Paul Zeller; Christian Werner
Original assignee: Navvis GmbH
Current assignee: Navvis GmbH
Priority date: 2018-04-06
Filing date: 2019-04-08
Publication date: 2021-02-17
Also published as: DE102018108141A1; WO2019193207A1; US20210132195A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mobile apparatus (1) for detecting an object space, and to a corresponding method. The apparatus (1) has a frame and at least one single-sampling scanner (13) mounted on the frame (single-plane laser scanner) and a multi-sampling scanner (16) mounted on the frame above the single-sampling scanner (13). Said multi-sampling scanner comprises a plurality of emission units integrated into one component, a receiver for detecting reflection radiation, and a scanning device for modifying the emission directions of the signal beams from the emission units. The apparatus (1) further has an evaluation device, which is designed to generate and to output, at least from the reflection radiation detected by the receiver and in real time, a graphical representation of those areas of the object space through which the apparatus (1) can be moved and/or was moved. The apparatus (1) finally has a data interface, which is designed to output data to a memory device for post-processing. The first plane (40) defined by the signal beams of the single-sampling scanner (13) is tilted forward from the vertical by an angle of preferably 15° with respect to the forward movement direction A. A first camera (17) pointing forwards is optionally provided. The signal beams from the multi-sampling scanner (16) generate an emission fan (42). Said emission fan (42) is symmetrical with respect to a centre axis (43), which is perpendicular to the rotation axis (44) of the multi-sampling scanner (16) and is inclined downward with respect to a horizontal plane D. The mobile apparatus (1) can detect and output in real time the position of the apparatus (1) in the object space during the detection process, including in buildings, using the multi-sampling scanner (16) and the accompanying evaluation device. The object space can be detected very precisely using a high-accuracy single-sampling scanner (13), generation of a three-dimensional model of the detected object space not being possible until post-processing. A second or a third single-sampling scanner can be arranged on the top of the frame.

Description

description

Mobile device and method for detecting an object space

The present invention relates to a mobile device for detecting an object space. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for detecting an object space with a mobile device.

Various detection systems are known for detecting object spaces within buildings and outdoors. In particular, the present invention relates to detecting an object space within a building. Such a system is described for example in EP 2 913 796 A1. In this case, a laser scanner is used in conjunction with multiple cameras. From the signals of the laser scanner and the images of the cameras, a point cloud is generated, from which a three-dimensional building model is created.

For outdoor use, comparable detection systems exist that can be mounted on vehicles and aircraft. The referencing of the acquired data to a coordinate system in these systems is usually done by a position determination using satellite navigation systems.

Within buildings, this possibility of positioning does not exist because there is no signal connection to the navigation satellites available. In addition, the position determination for the detection of an object space by means of satellite navigation is too inaccurate. For this reason, external measurements are also made using radodimetry, laser odometry or inertial navigation (INS). Satellite navigation plays a role in georeferencing and reducing long-term drift.

In particular, the fastest possible real-time position determination is required for determining the position within buildings during the mobile detection of object spaces in order to be able to provide the system operator in real time with a display of the detection process in the surroundings so that he can thus control the detection process in that the building interior is scanned as consistently as possible and in high quality.

M-59028-PCT final.doc Furthermore, it is necessary that as accurately as possible a subsequent position determination over time, that is, the determination of the trajectory when detecting the object space, in the post-processing is possible. Only in this case can the continuously recorded measurements of the laser scanners and the panorama images, which are usually collected at intervals of a few meters, be combined to form a precise, consistent 3D model of the building, for example by creating a point cloud or a polygon mesh.

The various methods for position and trajectory determination are discussed below. The following is a presentation of the data collection methods and application scenarios:

When capturing point clouds with the help of laser scanners, systems are generally used in which a laser beam is emitted through a mirror rotating about an axis in a plane in space. Alternatively, solid state lasers without moving parts can be used to create a rotating laser beam.

The data supplied here contain for each data set (point of the point cloud) usually the respective time stamp of the respectively emitted laser pulse with the associated angular position within the axis of rotation. Furthermore, each data record contains one or more values which are derived from one or more successively received reflection signals and which indicate the distance, calculated from the laser light propagation time, of the respectively reflecting surfaces in the direction of the emission beam and the associated reflection intensities. Semitransparent or semi-reflective surfaces can in this case lead to successively receiving a plurality of reflection signals, which then belong to surfaces of different distances.

Distances are calculated from the received reflection signals. From this, three-dimensional point coordinates can be calculated together with the intensities of the reflection signals, which then form the point cloud. In order to be able to build up a consistent three-dimensional model from the detection processes by means of the moving laser scanner, it is necessary to record a time stamp and the exact position alignment of the laser scanner in space for each measurement.

Similarly, the image information of panoramic cameras, which usually consist only of image files that are provided with a timestamp of the recording time. Here, too, the exact position and orientation of the respective camera in the room must be known or determined for each time stamp and image file, thereby using known or to be determined by calibration camera parameters such as lens focal length and imaging characteristics, and sensor size and resolution - The image data and the point cloud data can be assigned to each other. In this way, an object space can be detected in three dimensions.

Panoramic images can also be used to provide a highly realistic virtual tour of the captured object space. Here are the image files in the foreground, which can be combined by means of so-called "stitching" with the help of 3D information (position and orientation of each camera in the room) to seamless 360-degree panoramas, the exact view at a certain point in the environment correspond to what a viewer would perceive locally. The entirety of the panoramic images represents a plurality of individual discrete positions on which the underlying images were taken. The viewer can only jump from one discrete position to another discrete position and switch from panorama to panorama, unlike the above-mentioned point cloud model, which can be continuously "flown". The point cloud model available as background information can be used here to animate the transitions between the individual panoramic images as transitions of differently transformed individual subsections (for example table surfaces) in such a way that the observer has the impression of a semi-fluid movement in 3D space receives the two discrete positions. The point cloud model offers even more possibilities, such as an overlay of the point cloud via the photo panorama view or an assignment of an exact 3D coordinate to each pixel of the panorama image (for example, length measurements of recorded objects by clicking the boundary points in the panorama image as well as the insertion of location-related information ("points of interest" in the panoramic images).

For smaller buildings, capturing the environment inside the building by simultaneously capturing point cloud data and panoramic images is also possible through stationary, tripod-mounted devices that move from position to position. The positions can be aligned here, for example, at fixed reference points and marks in the room, which can also be found in already existing plans, which facilitates the assignment. For the rapid detection of large buildings, in particular the interior of the building, but the continuous detection by a mobile system is advantageous.

For this exist for a portable systems in backpack or held in hand systems in different designs. These portable systems have the disadvantage that due to weight restrictions only lightweight camera systems can be used whose lenses do not allow high quality recordings. In addition, it is difficult to make shake-free sharp shots by the jerky movements when moving due to motion blur, especially by rotational movements and in difficult lighting situations. For this reason, the main purpose of these devices is usually in the detection of a (colored) point cloud, as this is the image quality of the camera recordings is not critical.

For applications aimed at capturing high-quality, high-resolution panoramic images, especially HDR ("- / g / 7 Dynamic Range") images under difficult lighting conditions, stationary buildings are suitable for smaller buildings, as described above ,

For larger buildings, however, are particularly well-mobile devices in "trolley" design, which are pushed by an operator. A mobile frame provides a higher stability in this case. In rest position, therefore, shake-free images can be recorded. Furthermore, larger and heavier camera lenses with higher quality, laser scanners, electronic components and energy storage can be attached to the mobile device and moved in this way very comfortable. As mentioned above, all of these mobile detection systems have the problem that the trajectory, and for systems that are to enable visual monitoring of the detection process on a screen, also the instantaneous position must be determined in real time efficiently and accurately.

For this purpose, different methods can be used, which can also be combined. On the one hand, inertial measurement units (IMU), which combine one or more inertial sensors, such as acceleration sensors and yaw rate sensors, come into question. However, one problem here is the fact that measurement errors accumulate, which can lead to a strong "drift". For this reason, IMUs are often used only supportive. The same applies to odometer. In practice, so-called SLAM methods are generally used for mobile systems ("Simultaneous Localization and Mapping"). These are based on the assumption that the detected environment is static and only the acquisition system itself moves. In the case of a laser scanner, in this case, for example, the acquired data of a laser mirror rotation passage are compared with those of one or more preceding passes. Assuming that the environment is static and the acquisition system has moved linearly parallel to the laser scan plane, the two sets of points of the two measurement passes would be more or less congruent but translationally and / or rotationally displaced within measurement tolerances, thus resulting immediately and simultaneously gives a profile of the environment as a 2D cut through the 3D space (corresponding to the laser scanner level) and at the same time the movement / rotation of the detection system within that 2D cut (hence the term "Simultaneous Localization and Mapping"). In practice, however, the movement and in particular the rotation in relation to the scanning frequency must not be too fast.

The algorithmic assignment of temporally spaced measuring points to identical, multi-scanned environmental features and the determination of the trajectory of the detection system and the creation of an overall model of the environment is also possible with sufficient quantity and redundancy at measurement points, if the laser scanner detection direction changes over time and However, depending on the size and distribution of the point cloud and features in space, this may require very long computation times, so that these methods are usually used with high level of detail only in the post-processing {"post-processing") can, but not for the real-time representation of the movement in space during the acquisition process. For example, in the case of the above-mentioned stationary, tripod-based solutions, it is customary to upload the acquired data of the individual scan positions to a cloud-based data center and to have them combined in a post-processing into a consistent model.

Comparable with this are photogrammetric methods in which a textured 3D model can be created from a plurality of images taken from the same object or the same environment from different angles, for example by using the so-called bundle adjustment method Use is made in an optimization process at the same time the positions of the points in the 3D space, the positions and orientations of the observing cameras and their internal calibration parameters are adapted to the measurement images. These methods provide good for well-textured surfaces Results, but fail with same-colored, low-feature surfaces and more complicated intersections and reflective objects.

In the case of so-called virtual reality or augmented reality applications, which can also be performed by mobile phones (smartphones), there are also solutions that function similarly to the SLAM method or photogrammetric method. Here, in real time captured image sequences of the smartphone cameras are analyzed to track environmental features over time, usually supported by measurement data of the built-in smartphones IMUs, so that from a rough coverage of the environment and the movement of the smartphone in space in real time can be derived, which then allows, for example, the perfect insertion of virtual objects in the camera viewfinder image.

For smaller spaces and short distances, so-called "structured light" solutions are also used, in which (infrared) dot patterns are emitted by the detection system whose distortion in the camera image provides conclusions about the 3D structure of the captured scene.

Furthermore, so-called time-of-flight cameras are known, which emit a light flash similar to a parallel laser scanner and very precisely determine the individual time for each pixel of the camera sensor, at which the reflection signal is detected, so that over the time of light from this Distance information for the pixel in question results. However, due to their low resolution and limited range and precision, these systems are not suitable for detailed coverage of large buildings.

The same applies to stereo depth cameras which, similar to the human eye, obtain depth information from the parallax information of two camera images. Again, the precision and resolution for surveying applications is insufficient.

For high-precision acquisition systems, which are used to scan larger buildings to within a few millimeters (for example, trolley-based mobile mapping systems), laser scanners are particularly suitable.

In these mobile mapping systems, the real-time visualization of the acquisition process and the movement in space on an operator screen can then be particularly simple, robust and fast if, as shown in the above example, a 2D laser scanner in one during the movement scans the constant level, the This means that the detection system is also moved in a parallel 2D plane, as is the case in buildings with flat floors in the rooms and corridors. In this case we also speak of 2D-SLAM or realtime 2D-SLAM with three degrees of freedom (3 DoF, "Degrees of Freedom") (ie 2 space axes XY and one rotation axis - "GierenTyaw").

Since the aforementioned laser scanner aligned for the 2D SLAM method is aligned horizontally during the movement through the room and always scans the same constant plane and does not cover the room itself, therefore, further 2D laser scanners are used to acquire the actual point cloud. which are arranged in other planes, so that the movement of the detection system, these scan levels evenly sweep the room, so that the environment as evenly and completely scanned and captured.

In the detection of large buildings, it is desirable to detect the largest possible areas in a continuous scan without interruption, the effort for the so-called registration, that is, the joining of partial point cloud models from individual partial scans to a total point cloud model by Precise alignment and alignment of the overlapping areas of the sub-point clouds to minimize. Although this registration process is theoretically possible in principle, depending on the size of the submodels, it can be computationally intensive and still require manual pre-adjustment or readjustment.

Trolley-based mobile mapping systems using 2D-SLAM techniques usually require termination of the current scan and start of a new scan, as soon as, for example, a larger step, a steeper ramp or even stairways have to be overcome, even if individual systems are able to process ramps with small gradients, for example by evaluating IMU data, or to compensate for disturbances due to bumpers, overrun cables, etc. by means of correction algorithms.

Furthermore, six degrees of freedom (6 DoF, Degrees of Freedom) acquisition systems (ie, three spatial directions X-Y-Z and three rotational directions ("roll pitch yaw" / 6DoF SLAM methods) are known.

For example, the publication describes George Vosselman, "DESIGN OF AN INDOOR MAPPING SYSTEM USING THREE 2D LASER SCANNERS AND 6 DOF SLAM", ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume 11-3, 2014. ISPRS Technical Commission III Symposium, 5.-7. September 2014, Zurich, Switzerland. 10.5194 / isprsannals-ll-3-173-2014 (https: //www.isprs-ann-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf- sci.net/ll-3/173/2014/isprsannals-ll-3- 173-2014.pdf) a method for detecting an object space within a building. Several single-level scanners are used whose scan lines are not arranged parallel to each other. However, the processing of the data acquired in this system is very complicated in terms of algorithm, so that this method is not suitable for real-time visualization of the scanning process, but only for calculating a point cloud model in the post-processing. In addition, from EP 3 228 985 A1 a detection system in six degrees of freedom with 3D-SLAM method is known.

Various laser scanners are known from DE 10 2011 121 115 B4 or DE 10 2004 050 682 A1. Furthermore, EP 2 388 615 A1 and US 2017/0269215 A1 disclose a multiple scanner which emits fan-shaped signal beams and measures the reflections of these signal beams.

When detecting an object space within a building, there is also the problem that not only the walls and ceilings of the object space should be detected very precisely, but also objects and installations in the object space. In the case of known mobile detection devices, the problem has arisen that various objects which are located approximately at the level of the detection device during the scanning processes have been detected insufficiently.

The invention has for its object to provide a mobile device and a method for detecting an object space with which the detection of the object space in building environments is improved so that an uninterrupted detection is possible even if the mobile device during movement height differences, for Example on steep ramps or the like, overcomes, and that also such objects can be precisely detected, which are in similar height as the mobile device during the detection process.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a mobile device having the feature of claim 1 and a method having the feature of claim 38. Advantageous embodiments and further developments emerge from the dependent claims. The mobile device according to the invention for detecting an object space has a frame. At least one single scanner is mounted on the frame. This individual scanner comprises a first emission unit for generating a first signal beam in a first emission direction, a first receiver for detecting a first reflection radiation, which is generated by reflection of the first signal beam on at least one object of the object space, and a first scanning device for changing the first emission direction of the first first signal beam. Furthermore, the mobile device has a multiple scanner mounted on the rack above the single scanner. The multiple scanner comprises a plurality of second component integrated emission units for generating a plurality of second signal beams in second emission directions, a second receiver for detecting second reflection radiation generated by reflections of the second signal beams on one or more objects of the object space, and a second sampling means for changing the second emission directions of the second signal beams.

The mobile device further comprises an evaluation device which is at least coupled to the second receiver in terms of data and which is designed to generate and output in real time, at least from the second reflection radiation detected by the second receiver, a graphical representation of those regions of the object space through which the mobile device can be moved and / or moved.

Finally, the mobile device has a data interface, which is data-technologically coupled at least to the first receiver and which is designed to output data which was generated at least from the first reflection radiation detected by the first receiver to a memory device for post-processing.

On the one hand, the mobile device can detect and output in real time the position of the device in the object space during the detection process even in building environments, in particular within a building. For this purpose, the device comprises the multiple scanner with the associated evaluation device. On the other hand, the object space can be detected very accurately, whereby a three-dimensional model of the detected object space can be generated only in a post-processing. For this purpose, the device comprises at least one high-precision single scanner. The individual scanner can thus be configured such that the data generated by the individual scanner is not suitable for real-time processing for calculating and outputting the position of the device in FIG Object space must be suitable. For this purpose, namely, the multiple scanner is provided. The individual scanner can thus be optimized to generate data with which the object space can be modeled as precisely as possible in a post-processing. Furthermore, the individual scanner is arranged on the frame of the mobile device so that it can also detect objects which are arranged below the height of the multiple scanner in the object space. Namely, the single scanner is disposed below the multiple scanner so that the signal beams generated by the emission unit of the single scanner can hit the bottom of objects located at the level of the multiple scanner or even below the multiple scanner. The detection of the underside of such objects has been insufficiently possible in known detection devices.

Furthermore, it is possible with the device according to the invention that the object space can also be detected without interruption even if the vertical orientation of the device changes when the device is moved up or down, for example, via a ramp. The use of the multiple scanner allows in this case the uninterrupted detection of the object space. Namely, by using the multiple scanner, a real-time 3D SLAM method with six degrees of freedom can be used. It is not necessary to divide the entry procedure into subtransactions and to reassemble these subtransactions in postprocessing.

The advantage of the use of the multiple scanner in the mobile device is that the device always detects not only new surface sections of the object space during movement, since the second signal beams sweep over these surface sections, but the signal beams also always strike surface sections which have already been detected, that is, those surface portions which have already been detected by previously transmitted other second signal beams. This makes it possible to carry out a comparison of the second reflection radiation detected by the second receivers from previously detected second reflection radiation. From this comparison, the movement of the mobile device can then be calculated so that it is possible to determine the position of the mobile device in the object space. This makes it possible in turn to generate and output a graphical representation of those areas of the object space through which the mobile device has been moved. From this, on the basis of a preliminary modeling of the object space on the basis of the data that can be obtained at least from the second reflection radiation, it is possible to determine through which regions in the object space the mobile device can be moved. Also these possible Movements of the mobile device in the object space can be graphically displayed and output by means of the evaluation device.

According to one embodiment of the device according to the invention, the frame defines placement points on which the frame can stand freely on a horizontal plane. In particular, three attachment points are defined, so that the frame stands in any case without shaking on a horizontal plane. The single scanner is in this case mounted on the frame at a vertical distance from the plane defined by the attachment points, which is smaller than 60 cm. The distance is in particular smaller than 55 cm. The single scanner is thus mounted very low on the frame. This arrangement has the advantage that an obliquely upwardly emitted first signal beam can strike the underside of an object that is at a horizontal distance from the mobile device. In this way it is possible to detect in particular the undersides of tables, chairs or the like.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the precision of the detection of objects of the object space by the multiple scanner is less than the precision of the detection of the objects of the object space by the individual scanner. The use of the less precise multiple scanner is not a disadvantage for the real-time processing, as a so-called subsampling is performed on a so-called coarser voxel grid to reduce the computational effort. Therefore, for the real-time processing as high precision, as it is required for post-processing, not necessary. The higher precision of the single scanner, however, allows a more accurate modeling of the object space in the post-processing. Although the data generated by the multiple scanner can be used in the post-processing, but the single scanner can be optimized for the most accurate detection of the objects of the object space, without restricting the design of the single scanner in terms of real-time processing of the data. Likewise, while it is possible to also use data generated by the single scanner in real time processing to generate the graphical representation of the object space. An optimization of the design, however, takes place for this processing of the data only for the multiple scanner.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the second emission directions are fan-shaped, so that an emission fan is formed with a central axis. In particular, the multiple scanner is mounted to the frame so that the plane formed by the emission fan is vertically aligned. The opening angle of the Emission fan can be in a range of 25 ° to 35 °. Preferably, the opening angle is 30 °.

The second emission units of the multiple scanner are, in particular, one or more lasers. The second signal beams can be emitted by a plurality of lasers simultaneously, fan-shaped in the second emission directions. Preferably, however, successive laser pulses (signal pulses) are emitted in the second emission directions, so that the fan-shaped emission of the second signal beams results in the second emission directions only when a particular time interval is considered. The laser pulses in the second emission directions can be emitted by a laser whose emission direction is changed. Preferably, however, a plurality of lasers are used, which emit pulses one after another in different directions of emission. The distances of the pulses can be selected so that the reflection of the laser pulse is detected before the next laser pulse is emitted. Thus, the time interval between the laser pulses depends on the range to be achieved by the signal beams for detecting the object space.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the second scanning device is designed to rotate the second emission directions of the second signal beams about a second axis of rotation. The multiple scanner thus scans the volume of the rotational body of a fan. According to a preferred embodiment of the multiple scanner is mounted on the frame so that the second axis of rotation is inclined by a first angle relative to the vertical. The first angle is in particular in a range of 5 ° to 12 °, advantageously in a range of 6 ° to 9 °, and this angle is preferably 7 °. This ensures that in the direction in which the axis of rotation is tilted, closer surface portions of the floor on which the mobile device moves, can be detected. In the opposite direction, however, the fan-shaped emission is tilted upwards, so that fewer areas are irradiated below the multiple scanner. In this direction, advantageously results in a lower coverage with a person who moves the mobile device.

The second axis of rotation is thus tilted forward, in particular with regard to a direction of movement of the mobile device. The tilting of the second rotation axis is also advantageous for the real time 3D SLAM method. Namely, in this case, not only sections running exactly horizontally to the direction of movement are delivered by the object space for real-time visualization, but sections running transversely to the direction of movement. As a result, on the one hand, the information necessary for the SLAM process is still detected, that is, recurrent features of the environment that can be detected in successive rotational passes of the laser scanner. Thus, for example, an environmental feature detected in one rotation pass in a first scan plane of the multilevel scanner could reappear in the subsequent rotation pass in the acquisition record of the next or next level of the scanner.

On the other hand, it also quickly detects large areas of space for the purpose of 3D visualization for the operator, including, in particular, nearby features of the floor in front of the detection device and more distant features of the ceiling behind the detection device. Since 3D visualization does not focus on precision, the flat angle of impact on the floor or ceiling and the associated error spread - even with limited precision of the multi-level scanner - are no disadvantage. However, the visualization of the detected environment in 3D is made possible in a representation that provides more details than a multi-slice-line-sectional representation, which is preferably used in the field of autonomous driving, which involves fast detection of large areas of space in real time, especially with high range forward in the direction of travel goes.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the first scanning direction is designed to rotate the first emission direction of the first signal beam about a first axis of rotation, which is perpendicular to the first emission direction, so that a first plane is scanned. The first emission unit of the single scanner is in particular also a laser. Also in this case, the signal beam may comprise laser pulses whose reflection is detected by the first receiver. The rotation of the signal beam thus scans a plane. The single scanner is a one-level scanner in this case.

The first level includes, in particular, a second angle with the vertical, which lies in a range of 10 ° to 20 °. The second angle is in particular in a range of 13 ° to 17 °. It is preferably 15 °. In this first-level orientation, horizontally oriented surfaces can be optimally captured. At the same time, however, vertically aligned surfaces are also scanned, at least at a flat angle of incidence, so that a transition from a horizontal to a vertically oriented surface, ie an edge, can be detected. According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, this device has at least one second individual scanner. This second individual scanner comprises a third emission unit for generating a third signal beam in a third emission direction, a third receiver for detecting a third reflection radiation, which is generated by reflection of the third signal beam on an object of the object space, and in particular a third scanning device for changing the third emission direction of the third signal beam. In this case, the third scanning device is designed, in particular, to rotate the third emission direction of the third signal beam about a third rotational axis, which is perpendicular to the third emission direction, so that a second plane is scanned. The second plane includes, in particular, a third angle with the vertical, which lies in a range of 10 ° to 20 °, in particular in a range of 16 ° to 19 °. Preferably, the third angle is 18 °.

According to a further embodiment of the mobile device, this has at least a third individual scanner. This third individual scanner comprises a fourth emission unit for generating a fourth signal beam in a fourth emission direction, a fourth receiver for detecting a fourth reflection radiation, which is generated by reflection of the fourth signal beam on an object of the object space, and in particular a fourth scanning device for changing the fourth emission direction of the fourth signal beam. In this case, the fourth scanning device is in particular designed to rotate the fourth emission direction of the fourth signal beam about a fourth axis of rotation, which is perpendicular to the fourth emission direction, so that a third plane is scanned. The third plane includes in particular a third angle with the vertical, which lies in a range of 10 ° to 20 °, in particular in a range of 16 ° to 19 °. Preferably, the third angle is 18 °.

The first, second and third planes of the first, second and third individual scanners are thus substantially vertically aligned, enclosing an acute angle with the vertical. In addition to the advantages already mentioned above, this alignment of the planes has the further advantage that there is little shadowing due to frequently occurring vertical surfaces. For example, an object standing on a table only hurls a very short shadow in the horizontal direction when signal beams strike due to its vertical extent. In addition, there is less scattering of the measured values on horizontally oriented surfaces.

According to a further embodiment of the mobile device, the second and third individual scanners are symmetrically arranged and aligned relative to a center plane of the mobile device. For some individual scanners, the plane is scanned in an angular range that is less than 360 °. In this case, a dead angle results in which the plane is not scanned. When the mobile device of the present invention uses such blind spot scanners as the second and third individual scanners, ie, when the second and third planes are scanned in an angular range smaller than 360 °, so that at the second level At a blind spot and at the third plane, a third blind spot results, the blind spots of these planes are preferably aligned as follows: In a view against a second plane normal, a first leg of the second blind spot encloses a third angle with the vertical is in a range of 5 ° to 10 ° and is outside the second blind spot. The blind spot can be for example 90 °. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the third single scanner to the second single scanner then the blind spot of the third single scanner is aligned symmetrically accordingly. This means that the two legs of the blind spots of the second and third individual scanners intersect at the midplane above the mobile device. The above-defined selection of the third angle in a range of 5 ° to 10 ° has the advantage that a preferred detection of the object space above the mobile device is ensured. In this way, in the mobile device inexpensive single scanners, each having a blind spot, are used, the detection of the object space in particular above the mobile device is not affected thereby. In combination with the first single scanner, the object space can be completely captured in this way.

According to one embodiment of the mobile device, this has at least one second individual scanner, comprising a third emission unit for generating a third signal beam in a third emission direction, a third receiver for detecting a third reflection radiation, which is generated by reflection of the third signal beam on an object of the object space, and at least one third individual scanner, comprising a fourth emission unit for generating a fourth signal beam in a fourth emission direction, a fourth receiver for detecting a fourth reflection radiation, which is generated by reflection of the fourth signal beam on an object of the object space, wherein the second individual scanner and the third individual scanners are symmetrically arranged and aligned with respect to a center plane of the mobile device.

For the best possible detection of the precision point cloud, which must be present only after the post-processing and is not time-critical, come according to the invention in particular, several, preferably three, precise one-level scanner as a single scanner used.

The mobile device according to the invention provides a trolley-based mobile mapping system. In practical use of this system, it is important to best represent the spatial structure of the objects that are usually found in the scanned buildings by a point cloud detection. The alignment of the individual scanners used for point cloud detection (usually one-level laser scanners) plays a decisive role here.

Of particular importance for B \ M (Building Information / Wocte // ^'ng) applications, it is, for example, to capture the ceiling structure and mounted there objects (such as ventilation pipes, Verkofferungen, smoke detectors, etc.) in the point cloud data with a high degree of detail. The same applies to the exact detection of wall structures such as door and window reveals. In office and workshop environments, it is also important to understand tables and workbenches.

For a good imaging of edges and partial surfaces, it is advantageous if the laser scanner beams impinge there at a not too shallow angle, so that the scattering range of the measured values or measurement errors is not increased by stretching. Therefore, in prior art mapping systems, the point cloud detection laser scanners are typically oriented at angles oblique to the direction of movement, for example 45 °, because if they were scanning at right angles or at right angles to the direction of movement, their laser beams would hit the door and door at very shallow angles Window reveals, as these are generally perpendicular to the walking and moving direction of the detection system in building passages. In order to optimize in accordance with obliquely to the direction of movement of the detection system laser scanners, the detection of such structures and edges in the building, which also run obliquely to the direction of movement, but are usually arranged vertically, it is recommended that the laser scanner still additionally obliquely forward or backward align relative to the direction of movement. Such an arrangement is particularly good for vertical surfaces which are orthogonal to the detection direction. An oblique arrangement of the individual scanners additionally reduces any occlusion by an operator or other device of the device.

According to a further embodiment of the mobile device, the frame comprises a base element and a frame head. The height of the frame head is in this case by a Adjustable mechanism changeable. The adjusting mechanism may in particular comprise a sensor which is designed to detect the vertical distance of the frame head from the base element. Several wheels can be mounted on the base element of the frame, by means of which the mobile device can be rolled over a base, so that the frame is designed to be mobile. The frame and / or the wheels can in particular define a forward movement direction for detecting the object space.

In practice, it is also often necessary to maneuver a trolley-based mobile mapping system through bottlenecks (eg doors or gates) that prevent unimpeded passage in height or width. In the known trolley systems, it is therefore often necessary to tilt the system by the pitch / pitch or roll / roll axis in order to pass through the bottleneck. In particularly tight places, disassembly of parts of the trolley system may also be necessary. In these cases, the completion of the current scan process is usually required, inter alia because the SLAM process breaks off due to the loss of the reference points in the constantly scanned line plane. After passing the bottleneck, it is then necessary to start a new scan. In the post-processing then the sub-point clouds must be joined together with the appropriate effort to an overall cloud point and precisely aligned.

In the device according to the invention, although a temporary tilting about one of the described axes is harmless by the 3D-6DoF-SLAM method described above. However, tilting continues to present a risk of problems with post-processing. For practical use, it is therefore desirable to be able to pass such bottlenecks without the trolley having to be tilted and without having to interrupt and restart the scanning process. Due to the adjustment mechanism, the frame is dynamic, ie in the current scanning process, height adjustable. For example, can be realized by a column guide or rail guide between the base member and the frame head adjustability in height. However, the problem arises here that the individual scanners attached to the frame head change their relative position to the lower individual scanner mounted on the base element. The two upper single scanners must therefore be dynamically calibrated relative to the lower single scanner. According to the invention, this calibration can take place in that the sensor of the adjustment mechanism detects the vertical distance of the frame head from the base element, resulting in the distance between the upper individual scanner and the lower individual scanner. The data of this sensor are recorded and transmitted to the interface for common storage with the data of the individual scanner and possibly the multiple scanner. The The measurement data supplied by the sensor can then be taken into account in the calculation of the precision point cloud from the data obtained from the individual scanners and, if appropriate, the data of the multiple scanner.

According to one embodiment of the mobile device, the second axis of rotation of the multiple scanner is tilted forward in the forward movement direction. Furthermore, the first plane can also be tilted forward in the direction of forward movement, so that the first emission direction of the first signal beam of the first single scanner is oriented obliquely upward, at least temporarily, in the forward movement direction. On the other hand, the second and / or third plane may be aligned rearwardly with respect to the forward movement direction, so that the third and / or fourth emission direction of the third and / or fourth signal beam of the second and / or third individual scanner is oriented obliquely downward, at least temporarily, in the forward movement direction are. In addition, the second and third planes may be pivoted sideways with respect to a vertical plane in the advancing direction.

The alignments of the individual scanners are also important for the detection of horizontal surface structures. For example, the signal beams, ie in particular the laser beams of the individual scanners, should impinge on the top and bottom of tables and workbenches in a favorable, that is not too flat, angle of incidence. According to the invention, therefore, a known trolley-based mobile mapping system with a second and third single-level laser scanners for detecting the point cloud data, both in the pitch / pitch angle and in the yaw / yaw angle with respect to the direction of movement of the mapping system are thereby improved, that these single-level laser scanners are mounted as high as possible on the system, and in addition a first single-level laser scanner, d. h is used for point cloud detection, which is mounted as far down the system and radiates obliquely up front.

The obliquely upward scan plane of this lower one-level laser scanner also enables good detection of those sides of perpendicularly suspended structures which are parallel or at a very shallow angle to the scan planes of the aforementioned upper one-planes Laser scanner.

Due to the greatest possible vertical distance between the two upper individual scanners on the one hand and the lower single scanner on the other hand, the detection of mid-height arranged structures such as tables and workbenches etc. in a favorable, that is steep angle allows, both from the top and the bottom. This height distance of the individual scanner has the additional advantage that there is a small shading by vertically extending objects that z. B. on tables or workbenches or hang from these objects. These objects thus throw only brief shadows when signal beams hit.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the frame head comprises a cross member. This cross member has in a horizontal plane a fixed geometric arrangement relative to the base member. In this way, the multiple scanner and / or the second and third individual scanners are mechanically fastened to the frame head in a fixed geometric arrangement. This ensures that the arrangement of the scanners attached to the frame head is calibrated. After a height adjustment of the frame head, no new calibration with regard to the arrangement of the multiple scanner and the second and third individual scanner is required. In the practical use of a trolley-based mobile mapping system, it is also important to design the components of the system on the one hand so modular that they can be disassembled into the smallest possible subsystems with compact packaging dimensions, but on the other hand, the connections of these subsystems so precise Construct that a new calibration is not required after each assembly. The problem of recalibration after each conversion is described, for example, in EP 2 199 828 B1, in which an algorithmic method for compensating for such misalignment is proposed. Regardless of such correction options, however, it is desirable to achieve a precise mechanical connection between the removable submodules of a trolley-based mobile mapping system, the number and complexity of the necessary assembly steps should be as low as possible and no special tools or small parts how screws, nuts or washers etc. should be used. Another requirement here is that electrical connectors can be locked as simple and secure as possible, for example, for power and wired data transmission.

About the cross member and optionally further rigidly connected to the cross member elements all devices that are mounted on the frame head, in a fixed geometric arrangement to each other. A particularly advantageous embodiment is obtained when plastic guides in the cross member of a support plate together with support pins in the head initially allow easy placement of the head on the support plate and by the arrangements and shape of the plastic guides after placement a sufficiently accurate pre-positioning for the mechanical and electrical coupling is achieved. The pre-positioning advantageously comprises a sufficiently precise alignment for a mechanical coupling between additionally provided positioning pins in the head and corresponding positioning bushings in the cross member in a subsequent coupling process. At the same time boards for the electrical coupling are prepositioned to a sufficient extent so that a secure connection between spring contact pins on the board in the head and the contact surfaces on the board in the cross member is made possible. The operation of a further provided handle lever can then simultaneously ensure a secure mechanical and electrical coupling between the head and the cross member. In the coupled state, the positioning pins of the head and the positioning sockets in the cross member are firmly aligned with each other in the degrees of freedom in the direction of the height and the transverse direction. The cocking lever geometry obtained by the operation of a handle lever provides for a fixed position of the positioning pins in the axial direction (forward movement direction) and a bias of the spring contact pins for the electrical connection. This high position accuracy preserves the calibration.

The aforementioned embodiment of a secure mechanical and electrical connection between the removable frame head and the base element would also be particularly suitable for modified types of mobile mapping systems, in which the base element, which includes, among other things, a CPU motherboard, storage media and (rechargeable) batteries can, for example in the form of a backpack-carrying frame is formed, so that in connection with the aforementioned 3D-6DoF-SLAM method despite the relatively high weight of the frame head would still allow detection of rough buildings or other environments such as caves, which So far, only with the portable systems described above can be scanned, which are usually simple panorama cameras with lower image quality are used, which serve primarily only the generation of "Colored Point Clouds". The modular nature of the device according to the invention allows the removal of the head from the base element. This makes it possible, the frame head not only on backpacks but also on other base elements, such. B. on autonomous vehicles to assemble and use with them. In this case, the calibration of the scanner arranged on the frame head and / or cameras and / or other sensors is maintained to each other. According to one embodiment of the device according to the invention, at least one wheel is mounted on the frame by means of a quick-release device, by means of which the wheel can be locked. In particular, at least two of the wheels are mounted by means of quick-clamping devices and spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction to the forward movement direction. Advantageously, the distance of these two wheels is changeable in the transverse direction. For example, the two wheels may be mountable to the base member transversely to the forward movement direction at an outer position and an inner position. The distance of the two wheels in the transverse direction is greater when the two wheels are both mounted in the outer position. This distance, however, is smaller when both wheels are mounted in the inner position. By changing the distance of the wheels in the transverse direction is achieved that a passage through bottlenecks is made possible, without affecting the scanning process.

Due to the quick-release devices, the wheels can be remounted from an outer to an inner position and vice versa very quickly and without interrupting a running scan.

Furthermore, a stand device can be mounted on the frame, by means of which the frame can be raised so that at least one wheel no longer touches the ground, and can be lowered such that the frame is freely movable on the wheels. Advantageously, the stand device is coupled with at least the quick-release device of a wheel so that when you press the stand device to lower the frame automatically the quick-release device is closed and thereby the associated wheel is locked. For example, upon actuation of the stand device for lowering the frame, the quick-action clamping device is inevitably closed, so that the remounted wheel is locked. Particularly advantageous in this case is the use of a plug-in and clamping axis, as is known, for example, from wheelchairs.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the evaluation device is formed, at least from data generated by detected reflection radiation, which has been detected by the second receivers, in real time the position of the device within the object space and / or the trajectory of the mobile device calculate and output by means of a graphical representation. In this case, a graphic representation of the area of the object space scanned by the mobile device can be generated and output. This way you can Detect the operator based on the graph, which areas of the object space still need to be detected.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, this has at least one camera mounted on the frame, which is designed to receive camera images of at least part of the object space. Advantageously, several cameras are mounted on the frame head. The evaluation device can take into account the images taken by the camera or the cameras when generating the various graphical representations in real time. In this way, a very realistic representation of the passable area of the object space or the area of the object space already scanned by the mobile device can be generated in real time.

Advantageously, the device according to the invention further comprises a display device coupled to the evaluation device for displaying the graphical representations generated by the evaluation device. In this way, the passable area of the object space, the already scanned area of the object space or the not yet scanned area of the object space can be generated in an overall representation of the object space on the basis of the already acquired data.

Furthermore, the mobile device advantageously comprises a timer, which is coupled to the evaluation device. In this way, the evaluation device can detect the time of detection together with the second emission direction of the associated signal beam as well as the detected amplitude or intensity for each detected measured value of the second receiver. A corresponding timer can also be provided for the individual scanners in order to also provide the detected reflection radiation of these individual scanners with a corresponding time stamp.

According to one embodiment of the device according to the invention, this device comprises a control device for autonomous movement of the mobile device. For example, the base member may be an autonomous vehicle on which the frame head is mounted with the multiple scanner. The single scanner or multiple individual scanners are then integrated in particular in the autonomous vehicle. Autonomous locomotion means that the driving task is performed partially or completely autonomously by the device. In particular, the movements of the mobile device in the transverse and longitudinal direction and the speed are controlled autonomously. The invention further relates to a method for detecting an object space by means of a mobile device. The mobile device has a rack for moving the device in the object space. In the method, at least one individual scanner mounted on the rack emits a first signal beam in a first emission direction, a first receiver detects first reflection radiation generated by reflection of the first signal beam on at least one object of the object space, and becomes the first emission direction of the first signal beam changed by means of a first scanning device for detecting the object space. Further, a multiple scanner mounted on the rack above the single scanner emits a plurality of second signal beams in second emission directions. A second receiver detects second reflection radiations produced by reflection of the second signal beams on one or more objects of the object space. Furthermore, the second emission directions of the second signal beams are changed by means of a second scanning device for detecting the object space. Furthermore, at least from the second reflection radiation detected by the second receiver, a graphic representation of those regions of the object space is generated and output in real time, by means of which the mobile device can be moved and / or moved. Data generated at least from the first reflected radiation detected by the first receiver is output to a memory device for post-processing.

The inventive method is in particular designed to detect an object space by means of the mobile device according to the invention. The method thus has the same advantages as the mobile device of the invention.

In particular, for scanning the object space, the first emission direction of the first signal beam is rotated about a first rotation axis, which is perpendicular to the first emission direction, so that a plane is scanned in succession. In addition, the second emission directions of the second signal beams are rotated about an axis. The second signal beams are emitted in particular fan-shaped. The emission of the second emission directions does not have to take place simultaneously; Rather, it can also be emitted one after the other so that within a time interval signal beams, which may comprise signal pulses, are emitted fan-shaped into a plane. This emission fan can then be rotated about a second axis of rotation.

According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, at least one second individual scanner emits a third signal beam in a third emission direction, a third receiver detects a third reflection radiation, which is detected by reflection of the third signal beam at a third Object of the object space is generated, and the third emission direction of the third signal beam is changed by means of a third scanning device for detecting the object space.

The third emission direction of the third signal beam can be rotated about a third axis of rotation, which is perpendicular to the third emission direction, so that a second plane is scanned.

According to one embodiment of the inventive method, at least a third individual scanner emits a fourth signal beam in a fourth emission direction, a fourth receiver detects a fourth reflection radiation, which is generated by reflection of the fourth signal beam on an object of the object space, and the fourth emission direction of the fourth signal beam becomes Detecting the object space changed.

The fourth emission direction of the fourth signal beam can be rotated about a fourth axis of rotation, which is perpendicular to the fourth emission direction, so that a third plane is scanned.

According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the second individual scanner and the third individual scanner are symmetrically arranged and aligned relative to a center plane of the mobile device.

Upon detection of the object space, the mobile device is moved in object space. Meanwhile, the object space is scanned by means of the single scanner or the several individual scanners and the multiple scanner.

The invention will now be explained with reference to an embodiment with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the mobile device according to FIG

Embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the embodiment of the mobile

Contraption,

Figure 3 shows the data structure of the embodiment of the mobile

Contraption, FIG. 4 illustrates the alignment of the second single scanner,

FIG. 6 further illustrates the orientation of the second single scanner, FIG. 7 further illustrates the orientation of the second single scanner, FIG. 8 illustrates the emission range of the first single scanner, FIG. 9 illustrates the emission directions of the scanner of the exemplary embodiment the mobile device,

FIG. 10 shows the frame head in a state separated from the base element. FIG. 11 shows an intermediate state when the frame head is placed on the frame

Base member,

FIG. 12 shows the frame head in a state placed on the base element, FIG. 13 shows the handles in a first state, FIG. 14 shows the handles in a second state, FIG. 15 shows the upright device and the quick-action clamping device in an opened state with disassembled wheel, FIG.

FIG. 16 shows the upright device and the quick-action clamping device with an attached wheel,

Figure 17 shows the stand device in an intermediate state during lowering of the mobile device and

FIG. 18 shows the stand device in a fully lowered state

Device with closed quick-release device. First, the basic structure of the mobile device 1 will be explained with reference to Figs. 1 and 2:

The mobile device 1 comprises a frame 2. The frame comprises a lower base element 3 and a frame head 4. In the base member 3, an adjusting mechanism 5 is integrated, with which adjustment columns 6 in a column guide 7 can be moved up and down. The vertical adjustment path of the adjustment columns 6 in the column guide 7 is detected by a sensor 8. The adjustment columns 6 are connected at their upper ends to a receiving plate 37, by means of which the frame head 4 can be fastened to the base element 3. The receiving plate 37 allows not only a mechanical, but also a data-technical connection between the frame head 4 and the base member. 3

At the bottom of the base member 3, two outer wheels 9 are detachably mounted and two center wheels 10. The outer and middle wheels 9, 10 define Aufsetzpunkte on which the frame 2 can stand freely on a horizontal plane. In this way, a vertical direction is distinguished. It is the direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the attachment points of the wheels 9 and 10 of the mobile device 1. In this document, the vertical direction refers to "below" and "above".

In addition, the wheels 9 and 10 define a forward movement direction A in which the mobile device 1 is rolled on a plane. With respect to a vertical plane aligned in the forward movement direction A, the outer wheels 9 are arranged symmetrically. This vertical plane defines a median plane of the mobile device 1 in the advancing direction A.

In the lower part of the base member 3 energy storage 1 1 are arranged. Furthermore, further devices of the mobile device 1 can be arranged inside the base element 3, if they do not have to be adjusted in height. If these further devices are arranged in the lower part of the base element 3, this gives the mobile device 1 increased stability, since the center of gravity is displaced downwards.

The mobile device 1 can be rolled by an operator by means of handles 12 on a ground. Due to the arrangement of the wheels 9 and 10, although a forward movement direction A is excellent. However, the mobile device 1 can also be rotated about a vertical axis to drive curves on a ground. According to another embodiment, the mobile device 1 comprises a control device for autonomous locomotion. The mobile device is then an autonomous vehicle.

In the lower region of the base element 3, a first individual scanner 13, namely a single-level laser scanner, is arranged. The function and orientation of this first single scanner will be explained later in detail.

On the frame head 4, a second and a third individual scanners 14, 15 are arranged, which can each be designed as a single-level laser scanner. The second and third individual scanners 14, 15 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical center plane of the mobile device 1.

The individual scanners 13, 14 and 15 are laser scanners for optical distance measurement (LIDAR, Light Detection and Ranging). A one-level laser scanner from Hokuyo is used.

Further, a multiple scanner 16 is arranged on the frame head 4. As a multi-scanner 16, a multi-level laser scanner from Velodyne, type VLP-16, is used. The function and orientation of the multiple scanner 16 will be explained later in detail.

In the center of the frame head 4, a first camera 17 is housed, which is aligned in the forward movement direction A. Above and on the sides of the frame head 4 more cameras 18 are arranged.

In the area of the handles 12, a screen 19 is further attached to the base member 3 so that an operator pushing the mobile apparatus 1 in the forward movement direction A can perceive the display on the screen 19.

With reference to FIG. 3, the data structure of the mobile device 1 as well as details of the emission of the single scanner 13 and the multiple scanner 16 are explained:

The first individual scanner 13, which is fastened to the bottom of the base element 3, comprises a first emission unit 20. This is a laser which emits 21 first laser pulses in a first emission direction. The first signal beam 21 can for Example to hit an object 22 of the object space to be detected. The pulses of the first signal beam 21 are reflected at the object 22, so that a first reflection radiation 23 results. In the first emission unit 20, a first receiver 24 is integrated, which detects the backscattered or reflected portion of the first reflection radiation 23. From the transit time of a signal pulse, the distance of the surface of the object 22 can be determined at which the signal pulse was scattered or reflected. In addition, the received intensity of the detected reflection radiation can be measured and set in proportion to the emitted intensity.

The first individual scanner 13 furthermore has a first scanning device 25. By means of the first scanning device 25, the first emission direction of the first signal beam 21 can be changed. The first scanning device 25 may rotate the laser of the first emission unit together with the first receiver 24 about a first axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the first emission direction. Alternatively, laser and / or receiver 24 can not be rotated by itself, but instead only the signal beams 21 and the reflection radiation 23 are deflected by means of rotatable mirrors. In this way, the first signal beam 21 sweeps over a first plane within a time interval which is perpendicular to the first axis of rotation.

The multiple scanner 16 includes a plurality of emission units 31. These emission units 31 are composed of a plurality of lasers, which are integrated in one component, and thus have a fixed alignment with one another. The lasers of the second emission units 31 generate a plurality of second signal beams 32 in second emission directions. The second signal beams 32 are aligned to span an emission fan 42 that defines a plane. Details on the geometry and orientation of this emission fan 42 will be explained later. The second signal beams 32 may, for. B. encounter an object 33. As with the object 22, the second signal beams 32 will be scattered on a surface of the object 33. In this way, second reflection radiation 34 is generated. The backscattered or retroreflected portion of these second reflection radiation 34 is detected by a second receiver 35, which is integrated into the second emission units 31.

In the present embodiment, the second emission units 31 comprise 16 lasers, which emit signal pulses in succession. For example, the individual lasers of the second emission units 31 sequentially emit signal pulses. The time interval between these signal pulses results from the transit time of a signal pulse to an object 33, which is arranged at the maximum range of the multiple scanner 16, is reflected there and passes back to the second receiver 35. When the second receiver 35 has detected this signal pulse, the signal pulse of the next laser is emitted. For example, there may be a time interval of 2.3 ps between the signal pulses. During this time, the light can travel 690 m, so that even with a maximum range of 100 m there is a sufficient time interval between successive signal pulses. A signal pulse is for example 6 ns long.

Furthermore, the multiple scanner 16 comprises a second scanning device 36. This second scanning device changes the second emission directions of the second signal beams 32. The second emission directions of the second signal beams 32 are rotated about a second axis of rotation. This second axis of rotation lies in the plane formed by the emission fan 42 of the second signal beams 32. Furthermore, the second axis of rotation is perpendicular to a central axis of the emission fan 42 of the second signal beams 32. In this case, this central axis can in particular be an axis of symmetry of the emission fan 42 of the second signal beams 32. Of the multiple scanner 16, the rotational body of a fan is detected in this way.

The first scanning device 25 and the second scanning device 36 are coupled to a control unit 26. The control unit 26 is in turn connected to a timer 27. The control unit 26 controls, on the one hand, the emission of the first emission unit 20 and of the second emission units 31. Furthermore, the control unit 26 controls the first scanning device 25 and the second scanning device 36. The control unit 26 thus controls the timing and alignment of the signal beams 21 and 32. In addition, the control unit 26 transmits data to an evaluation device 28. In particular, the time, the orientation and the intensity of each emitted signal pulse are transmitted to the evaluation device 28. In addition, the evaluation device 28 detects by means of a coupling with the sensor 8 how the height, ie the vertical relative position of the frame head 4 to the base element 3, was at the respective time stamps. Furthermore, the first individual scanner 13 and the multiple scanner 16 are connected to the evaluation device 28. The reflection radiations detected by the first 24 and second receivers 35 are transmitted as signals to the evaluation device 28. This sets these signals in relation to the data transmitted by the control unit 26 to the emitted signal pulses. In this way, the evaluation device 28 can calculate the direction and the distance of an object 22, 33 in the object space. In addition, further features of the surfaces of the objects 22 and 33 can be calculated if necessary. From the evaluation device 28, a three-dimensional point cloud is generated in real time, which reproduces the detected object space. For this purpose, at least the reflection radiations 34 detected by the second receiver 35 are used in the real-time calculation. If this is possible in the real-time calculation, furthermore, the reflection beams 23 detected by the first receiver 24 can be taken into account. Furthermore, the cameras 17 and 18 can also be coupled to the evaluation device 28 and to the control unit 26. The control unit 26 may control the triggering of the cameras 17 and 18. The data relating to the images taken by the cameras 17 and 18 are transmitted to the evaluation device 28, which may possibly also use this data in the real-time processing and the generation of the three-dimensional point cloud. In this way, the evaluation device 28 calculates in real time a graphic representation of those regions of the object space through which the mobile device 1 can be moved and / or moved. This graph is output from the screen 19. It is continually updated as the object space is acquired.

The first receiver 24 is coupled to a data interface 29 via the evaluation device 28. All other devices of the mobile device 1, by which data can be detected, are also coupled to this data interface. These include the second receiver 35, the control unit 26 and the sensor 8. The data transmitted to the data interface 29 are stored on a memory device 30. Alternatively, the data can also be transmitted via a wireless connection to an external data memory. The data stored by the memory device 30 and the external data memory are then used for post-processing. In this post-processing a more precise point cloud of the detected object space is generated. The computational effort in the post-processing is so great that it can not be performed in real time by the evaluation device 28 through.

In the embodiment of the mobile device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this additionally comprises the second 14 and third individual scanners 15, which are mounted above the first individual scanner 13 on the frame head 4. The second 14 and the third single scanner 15 may be of the same type as the first single scanner 13. They differ from the first single scanner 13 only in terms of their arrangement in the mobile device 1 and their orientation. The individual scanners 14 and 15 can be controlled in the same way by the control unit 26. The reflected radiation detected by them can in the same way to the evaluation device 28, and further to the data interface 29, are transmitted.

With reference to FIG. 4, the position of the second single scanner 14, i. H. of the forward direction of movement A right, upper single scanner explained. 4 shows a view of the mobile device 1 from the front, perpendicular to the center plane B of the mobile device 1. The lateral distance 38 of the second single scanner 14 from the center plane B is 142 mm. The height of the second individual scanner 14 with respect to a horizontal plane C on which the wheels 9, 10 of the mobile device 1 stand is in a range between about 1300 mm and about 1900 mm. The height of the second individual scanner 14 can be adjusted by means of the adjusting mechanism 5.

The arrangement and orientation of the third single scanner 15, d. H. of the left, upper single scanner, is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the center plane B to the arrangement and orientation of the second single scanner 14th

In Fig. 5 is a plan view of the mobile device 1 is shown. Furthermore, the second plane 39 defined by the second signal beams 32 of the second individual scanner 14 is shown. It encloses with the center plane B an angle a of 35 °.

In Fig. 6 is a view from the direction X of Fig. 5 is shown. From this view of FIG. 6, the angle of attack β of the second individual scanner 14 results to the vertical. This angle ß is 18 °.

FIG. 7 shows a view from the direction Y of FIG. 6, ie a view against a normal of the second plane 39. From this view, the alignment of a so-called second blind spot s 2 of the area of the second individual scanner 14 is obtained second plane 39. The individual scanners 13 to 15 used in the present embodiment namely do not capture the full angular range of 360 ° of a plane, but only an angular range of 270 °. This results in the scanned second level 39, a second dead angle s2 of 90 °. In the view shown in Fig. 7 it can be seen that the angle g formed between a leg 61 of the second blind spot s2 and the vertical is 7.5 °. In other embodiments, this angle g may be in a range of 5 ° to 10 °. The angle g is outside the second dead angle s2. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the third individual scanner 15 to the second individual scanner 14, the third dead angle of the third individual scanner 15 is aligned symmetrically accordingly. This means that the two legs of the blind spots of the second and third individual scanners 14, 15 intersect at the center plane B above the mobile device 1. This intersection is shown in FIG. 4. It lies for example at the height of 2308 mm.

In FIG. 8, the orientation of the first blind spot sl in a view from the direction Z (see FIG. 9) is shown parallel to the first rotation axis of the first single scanner 13 for this first individual scanner 13. The first dead angle sl is here aligned symmetrically to the center plane B. It extends rearwardly with respect to the forward movement direction A, so that the area of the first plane 40 of the first single scanner 13 in the forward movement direction A is completely detected.

With reference to Fig. 9, further details for aligning the various devices of the mobile device will be explained. Fig. 9 shows a side view of the mobile device 1. The vertical distance 41 of the first single scanner 13 from the horizontal plane C, d. H. the height of the first single scanner 13, in the embodiment shown here is 513 mm. The first plane 40 defined by the first signal beams 21 of the first single scanner 13 is tilted forward relative to the forward movement direction A by the angle Q relative to the vertical. The angle Q is in a range of 10 ° to 20 °. He is in particular 15 °. The forward facing first camera 17 is optionally provided. It may be a stereo camera having an opening angle d of 110 °, whereby this opening angle d is slightly tilted downwards relative to the horizontal.

Further, the orientation and geometry of the second signal beams 32 of the multiple scanner 16 are shown in Figure 9: The second signal beams 32 produce an emission fan 42, as discussed above. This emission fan 42 is symmetrical about a central axis 43. The center axis 43 is perpendicular on the second rotation axis 44 of the multiple scanner 16. The center axis 43 is inclined downwards by the angle k with respect to a horizontal plane D which passes through the multiple scanner 16, more precisely through the origin of the emission fan 42. Thus, the second rotation axis 44 is inclined by the same angle k with respect to a vertical plane forward in the direction of the forward movement direction A. The opening angle ℓ of the emission fan 42 is approximately 30 °, so that a smaller area above the horizontal plane D and a larger area below the horizontal plane D are detected by the emission fan 42 in the forward movement direction A. Contrary to the forward movement direction A, the situation is reversed. Below the horizontal plane D, a smaller area is detected, above the horizontal plane D, however, a larger area.

With reference to FIGS. 10 to 12, the coupling of the frame head 4 to the receiving plate 37 of the base element 3 will be explained. The frame head 4 has a cross member 45 on which the multiple scanner 16, the second 14 and third individual scanners 15, and the cameras 17 and 18 are mounted so that they have a fixed geometric arrangement to each other. Even with a change in the vertical position of the frame head 4, this geometric arrangement is maintained, so that the mobile device 1 after a height adjustment of the frame head 4 no longer needs to be calibrated.

The frame head 4 has support pins 46. Corresponding to these support pins 46, the receiving plate 37 guides 47, in particular plastic guides. When placing the frame head 4 on the receiving plate 37, the support pins 46 are inserted into the guides 47. In this way it is achieved that after placement of the frame head 4, a sufficiently accurate pre-positioning of the frame head 4 is achieved relative to the receiving plate 37 for the mechanical and electrical coupling. For the electrical coupling of the frame head 4 with the receiving plate 37, a plug connection 48 is provided on the receiving plate 37 and the underside of the cross member 45 of the frame head 4. The pre-positioning comprises a sufficiently precise alignment for the mechanical coupling between at least one positioning pin in the frame head 4 and associated positioning jacks in the receiving plate 37 for the subsequent coupling operation. In addition, boards for the electrical coupling are sufficiently pre-positioned so that a secure connection between spring contact pins on the board in frame head 4 and the associated contact surfaces on the board of the receiving plate 37 is made possible.

In Fig. 1 1, the state is shown, in which the frame head for the mechanical and electrical coupling is prepositioned. The frame head 4 is placed in this case on the receiving plate 37. For further fixing of the frame head 4 on the receiving plate 37, a handle lever 49 is provided at the receiving plate 37. The handle lever 49 is pivotable about a transverse axis. Starting from the arrangement shown in Fig. 11, the handle lever 49 is pivoted for the mechanical and electrical coupling of the frame head 4 to the base member 3 upwards and engages in the position shown in Fig. 12. In this state, there is a secure mechanical and electrical coupling between the frame head 4 and the receiving plate 37. In the coupled state, the positioning pins of the frame head 4 and the associated positioning in the receiving plate 37 are firmly aligned in the degrees of freedom Y and Z repeatable to each other. When pivoting the handle lever 49 from the state shown in Fig. 1 1 in the state shown in Fig. 12, a clamping lever geometry is actuated, which ensures that the positioning pins of the frame head 4 are also firmly positioned in the axial direction X. At the same time the clamping lever geometry ensures that a bias of spring contact pins for the electrical connection at the connector 48 is made safe. In this state, the frame head 4 and the directly or indirectly attached to the cross member 45 devices of the frame head 4 has a fixed geometric arrangement to each other. Now, if the vertical distance of the frame head 4 is changed by the base member 3 by means of the adjustment mechanism 5, a recalibration is not required.

With reference to FIGS. 13 and 14, the arrangement of the handles 12 on the base member 3 will be explained in detail.

Fig. 13 shows a first state of the handles 12, in which they are pivoted. In this state, the width of the central part of the base member 3 is smaller. The handles 12 can be brought into this condition to pass a constriction at mid-height. In addition, this state is advantageous when the mobile device 1 is to be disassembled and transported. At the same time, for example, the correspondingly padded handles 12 in this folded position, the surface of the screen 19 protect from damage.

Thus, the handles 12 can be brought into the pivoted state, they are connected via a pivot axis 50 with the base member 3. In the pivot axis 50, a locking element 51 is pivotally mounted. The pivot axis 50 is located on one side of the locking member 51. On the other side of the locking member 51, a handle member 52 is rigidly connected to the locking member 51. The grip element 52 initially extends perpendicularly away from the end of the locking element 51, then runs in a bend, to then extend straight back over a particular section. The bending of the gripping element 52 in conjunction with the orientation of the pivot axis 50 is designed such that in the pivoted state, as shown in FIG. 13, the gripping element 52 can be pivoted towards the base element 3, without the base element 3 or devices, which are attached to the base member 3, hinder the pivoting of the handle 12.

In order to bring the handles 12 into the operating position shown in Fig. 14, the locking member 51 is pivoted together with the handle member 52 about the pivot axis 50 in the direction of a stop surface of the base member 3. In this case, the grip elements 52 move outwardly to the state shown in Fig. 14. In this state, the locking element 51 bears against the abutment surface of the base element 3. The base element 3 and the locking element 51 have a locking mechanism 53, via which the locking element 51 can be securely and firmly connected to the base element 3. In the locked state, the handle 12 can not be pivoted to the operating position shown in Fig. 13. In the state shown in FIG. 14, an operator can thus move the mobile device 1 by means of the handles 12, in particular roll over the rollers 9 and 10 on a substrate.

With reference to Figures 15 to 18 in conjunction with Figures 1 and 2, the assembly of the outer wheels 9 is explained on the base member 3 in conjunction with a stand device 54:

The outer wheels 9 are each attached via a plug-in axis 56 to a longitudinal member 57 of the base member 3. The longitudinal members 57 each have openings 58 into which the stub axles 56 can be inserted. By means of quick-clamping devices 55, the stub axles 56 can each be clamped in the openings 58, so that the outer wheels 9 are held firmly on the longitudinal members 57. It is possible to insert the outer wheels 9 with the respective thru-axle 56 from the outside or from the inside into the respective opening 58. In this way, the distance of the outer wheels 9 can be changed in the transverse direction. When the outer wheels 9 are fastened to the inner side of the longitudinal members 57, the entire transverse extent of the mobile device 1 is less, so that bottlenecks can be passed.

With reference to Figures 15 to 18 will now be explained how an outer wheel 9 is fixed to the side member 57. On the base element 3, a stand device 54 is arranged. As shown in Fig. 15, this stand device 54 can be pivoted downwards. The stator device 54 has a length such that it is greater than the radius of the outer wheel 9. Thus, when the mobile device 1 stands on a horizontal plane C and the stand device 54 is pivoted downwards, it meets with the lower end 59 on the horizontal plane C, ie on the ground on which the mobile device 1 stands. If the stand device 54 is further pivoted, for example by the mobile device 1 is moved further forward, while the lower end 59 of the stand device 54 touches the ground, the mobile device 1 is raised, so that the outer wheels 9 no longer touch the ground. In this way, the mobile device 1 is jacked up.

In the stator device 54, a coupling mechanism 60 is further arranged, which couples the stator device 54 with the quick-clamping device 55 for locking the outer wheel 9. This coupling mechanism 60 causes pivoting of the stand device 54 at the same time a lever 61 of the quick-clamping device 55 is pivoted so that the quick-release device 55 opens, and the thru axle 56 of the outer wheel 9 releases. The outer wheel 9 can now be disassembled, or if it was not attached to the side rail 57, it can be mounted in this state, as shown in Fig. 15.

The thru-axle 56 is now inserted into the opening 58 of the longitudinal member 57, as shown in Fig. 16. Now the stand device 54 is pivoted back onto the longitudinal member 57. In this way, the mobile device 1 is lowered so that it comes to rest again on the outer wheel 9. As shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, the coupling mechanism 60 transmits the pivoting of the stand device 54 to the quick-action clamping device 55 so that it is automatically closed when the stand device 54 is pivoted. In the state shown in Fig. 18, the stand device 54 is completely folded. In this state, the quick-release device 55 is closed. It locks in this state, the outer wheel 9 fixed to the side member 57th

An embodiment of the method according to the invention is explained below:

The mobile device 1 is first assembled and brought into the state shown in Fig. 1, in which the outer wheels 9 are arranged on the outside of the longitudinal member 57. The mobile device 1 is then placed in the object space which is to be detected. It is in particular the interior of a building. The three individual scanners 13 to 15, the multiple scanner 16 and the cameras 17 and 18 are put into operation together with the other electronic devices of the mobile device 1.

Controlled by the control unit 26 emit the emission of the individual scanner, d. H. the first emission device 20 of the first individual scanner and the corresponding emission units of the second and third individual scanner 14, 15 signal beams which comprise signal pulses. At the same time, the scanning devices rotate the emission directions of the signal beams about the respective axis of rotation of the individual scanner 13, 14, 15. In this way, the planes are detected, as explained with reference to FIGS. 4 to 9. The receivers of the individual scanners 13, 14, 15 detect reflection radiations, which were generated by reflection of the signal pulses of the signal beams. The signals detected by the receivers are transmitted to the evaluation device 28 together with the control signals of the control unit 26.

Further, the multiple scanner 16, under the control of the control unit 26, emits a plurality of second signal beams 32 into an emission fan 42, as explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 9. In this case, the second emission units 31 are rotated about the second rotation axis 44 by means of the second scanning device 36. The second reflection radiation 34 detected by the second receiver 35 is transmitted to the evaluation device 28 together with the control signals of the control unit 26.

Meanwhile, the mobile device 1 z. B. rolled by an operator on a ground. From the evaluation device 28, graphical representations are now generated in real time, at least from the reflection radiation 34 detected by the second receiver 35, and displayed on the screen 19. These graphical representations indicate, in particular, through which regions of the object space the mobile device 1 can be moved. Alternatively or additionally, it can be displayed through which regions of the object space the mobile device 1 has already been moved. In this way, the operator can very clearly determine whether the object space has already been completely captured. For example, the graphic representation in one color may include areas through which the mobile device 1 is to be moved and in another color include the areas through which the mobile device 1 has already been moved. In particular, a background surface is colored on which the mobile device 1 can be driven. Furthermore, the control unit 26 controls the cameras 17 and 18 so that individual images are taken, which can be combined to form a panoramic image. These images can also be used by the evaluation device 28 in order to generate the graphical representation which is displayed on the screen 19. If real-time processing is still possible, the signals from the receivers of the three individual scanners 13 to 15 can additionally be taken into account for generating the graphical representation.

In this way, an operator drives the mobile device 1 on a ground through the object space to be detected. All detected signals and data are also transmitted via the data interface 29 to the memory device 30 or wirelessly to an external data memory. These data are then used in the post-processing to produce a very precise three-dimensional point cloud from the detected object space.

When the mobile device 1 has a bottleneck, e.g. B. a narrow door, must pass without interrupting the scanning operations, the outer wheels 9 are converted to an inner position, as explained above. Further, if necessary, the mobile device 1 may also be tilted or swung without interrupting the scans. Even height differences, for example, when ramping up ramps, can be overcome without interrupting the scans.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Mobile device

frame

base element

frame head

adjustment

Verstellsäulen

pillar guide

sensor

outer wheels

means wheels

energy storage

handles

first single scanner

second single scanner

third single scanner

Multiple Scanner

first camera

more cameras

screen

first emission unit

first signal beam

object

first reflection radiation

first recipient

first scanning device

control unit

timer

evaluation

Data Interface

memory device

second emission units

second signal beams 33 object

34 second reflection radiation

35 second receiver

36 second scanning device

37 receiving plate

38 lateral distance

39 second level

40 first level

41 vertical distance

42 emission subjects

43 Middle-Axis

44 second axis of rotation

45 cross member

46 support pins

47 tours

48 plug connection

49 handle lever

50 pivot axis

51 locking element

52 handle element

53 locking mechanism

54 stand device

55 quick release devices

56 thru axle

57 side members

58 openings

59 lower end

60 coupling mechanism

61 first leg

A forward direction of movement

B midplane

C horizontal plane

D horizontal plane

Claims

claims

1. Mobile device (1) for detecting an object space with

a frame (2),

at least one individual scanner (13) mounted on the frame (2) comprising: a first emission unit (20) for generating a first signal beam (21) in a first emission direction,

a first receiver (24) for detecting a first one

Reflection radiation (23), which is generated by reflection of the first signal beam (21) on at least one object (22) of the object space, and

a first scanning device (25) for changing the first emission direction of the first signal beam (21),

a multiple scanner (16) mounted above the single scanner (13) on the frame (2), comprising:

a plurality of second, integrated in a component emission units

(31) for generating a plurality of second signal beams (32) in second emission directions,

a second receiver (35) for detecting second reflected radiation (34) caused by reflections of the second signal beams

(32) are generated on one or more objects (33) of the object space, and

a second scanning device (36) for changing the second emission directions of the second signal beams (32),

an evaluation device (28), which is at least coupled to the second receiver (35) data technically and which is designed to generate at least from the second receiver (35) detected second reflection radiation (34) in real time a graphical representation of those areas of the object space and output, by which the mobile device (1) can be moved and / or moved, and

a data interface (29), which is data-technologically coupled at least to the first receiver (24) and which is designed to transmit data, which was generated at least from the first reflection radiation (23) detected by the first receiver, to a memory device (30) for post-processing issue.

2. Mobile device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that

the frame (2) defines abutment points on which the frame (2) can stand free on a horizontal plane (C), and the single scanner (13) is mounted on the frame (2) at a vertical distance from the plane defined by the abutment points which is less than 60 cm.

3. Mobile device (1) according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized in that

the precision of capturing objects (33) of the object space by the multiple scanner (16) less than the precision of capturing the objects (33) of the object space by the single scanner (13).

4. Mobile device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the second emission directions are aligned fan-shaped so that an emission fan (42) is formed with a central axis (43).

5. Mobile device (1) according to claim 4,

characterized in that

the multiple scanner (16) is mounted on the frame (2) such that the plane formed by the emission fan (42) is vertically aligned.

6. Mobile device (1) according to claim 4 or 5,

characterized in that

the opening angle of the emission fan (42) is in a range of 25 ° to 35 °.

7. Mobile device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the second emission units (31) of the multiple scanner (16) are formed by one or more lasers.

8. Mobile device (1) according to claim 7,

characterized in that

by means of the second emission units (31) one after the other laser pulses in the second emission directions can be emitted, so that only in a consideration of a certain time interval results in the fan-shaped emission of the second signal beams (32) in the second emission directions.

9. Mobile device (1) according to claim 7 or 8,

characterized in that

the second emission units (31) of the multiple scanner (16) are formed by a plurality of lasers which sequentially emit pulses in different emission directions.

10. Mobile device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the second scanning device (36) is designed to rotate the second emission directions of the second signal beams (32) about a second rotation axis (44), and the multiple scanner (16) is mounted on the frame (2) such that the second rotation axis (44 ) is inclined by a first angle (K) from the vertical, the first angle being in a range of 5 ° to 12 °.

1 1. Mobile device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the first scanning device (25) is arranged to rotate the first emission direction of the first signal beam (21) about a first axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the first emission direction, so that a first plane (40) is scanned, the first plane (40 ) includes a second angle (Q) with the vertical, which is in a range of 10 ° to 20 °.

12. Mobile device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the mobile device (1) has at least one second individual scanner (14), comprising a third emission unit for generating a third signal beam in a third emission direction, a third receiver for detecting a third one

Reflection radiation, which is generated by reflection of the third signal beam at an object (22, 33) of the object space, and a third scanning device for changing the third emission direction of the third signal beam.

13. Mobile device (1) according to claim 12,

characterized in that the third sampling device is configured to rotate the third emission direction of the third signal beam about a third rotation axis, which is perpendicular to the third emission direction, so that a second plane (39) is scanned.

14. Mobile device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the mobile device (1) has at least one third individual scanner (15), comprising a fourth emission unit for generating a fourth signal beam in a fourth emission direction, a fourth receiver for detecting a fourth reflection radiation, which generates by reflection of the fourth signal beam on an object of the object space and fourth scanning means for changing the fourth emission direction of the fourth signal beam.

15. Mobile device (1) according to claim 14,

characterized in that

the fourth sampling means is arranged to rotate the fourth emission direction of the fourth signal beam about a fourth axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the fourth emission direction, so that a third plane is scanned.

16. Mobile device (1) according to claim 15,

characterized in that

the first, second and third planes of the first, second and third individual scanners (13, 14, 15) are substantially vertically aligned, enclosing an acute angle with the vertical.

17. Mobile device (1) according to any one of claims 14 to 16 as far as they are based on claim 12 or 13,

characterized in that

the second single scanner (14) and the third single scanner (15) are symmetrically arranged and aligned with respect to a median plane (B) of the mobile device (1).

18. Mobile device (1) according to claim 17,

characterized in that the second (39) and the third plane are scanned in an angular range which is smaller than 360 °, so that a second dead angle (s2) results for the second plane (39) and a third blind spot for the third plane, and

in a view against a normal of the second plane (39), a first leg (61) of the second blind spot (s2) includes a third angle (g) with the vertical being in a range of 5 ° to 10 ° and the outside of the second dead angle (s2).

19. Mobile device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11,

characterized in that

the mobile device (1)

at least one second individual scanner (14), comprising a third one

Emission unit for generating a third signal beam in a third

Emission direction, a third receiver for detecting a third

Reflection radiation, which is generated by reflection of the third signal beam to an object (22, 33) of the object space, and

at least one third individual scanner (15), comprising a fourth emission unit for generating a fourth signal beam in a fourth

Emission direction, a fourth receiver for detecting a fourth

Reflection radiation generated by reflection of the fourth signal beam on an object of the object space,

wherein the second single scanner (14) and the third single scanner (15) are symmetrically arranged and aligned with respect to a median plane (B) of the mobile device (1).

20. Mobile device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the frame (2) comprises a base element (3) and a frame head (4), wherein the height of the frame head (4) by an adjusting mechanism (5) is variable.

21. Mobile device (1) according to claim 20,

characterized in that

the adjusting mechanism (5) comprises a sensor which is designed to detect the vertical distance of the frame head (4) from the base element (3).

22. Mobile device (1) according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that

on the base element (3) of the frame (2) a plurality of wheels (9, 10) are mounted, by means of which the mobile device (1) can be rolled over a substrate, so that the frame (2) is designed to be mobile.

23. Mobile device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the frame (2) and / or the wheels (9, 10) define a forward movement direction (A) for detecting the object space.

24. Mobile device (1) according to claim 23,

characterized in that

the second axis of rotation (44) of the multiple scanner (16) in

Forward movement direction (A) is tilted forward tilted.

25. Mobile device (1) according to claim 23 or 24,

characterized in that

the first plane is tilted forwardly tilted in the forward movement direction (A), so that the first emission direction of the first signal beam (21) of the first

Single scanner (13) at least temporarily in the forward direction of movement (A) is aligned obliquely above.

26. Mobile device (1) according to one of claims 23 to 25,

characterized in that

the second and / or third plane is aligned rearwardly with respect to the forward movement direction (A), so that the third and / or fourth emission direction of the third and / or fourth signal beam of the second and / or third individual scanner (14, 15) at least temporarily in the forward movement direction (A) is oriented obliquely downwards or are.

27. Mobile device (1) according to claim 26,

characterized in that

the second and the third plane with respect to a vertical plane in

Forward movement direction (A) is pivoted to the side.

28. Mobile device (1) according to one of claims 20 to 27, characterized in that

the frame head (4) comprises a cross member (45) and this cross member (45) in a horizontal plane has a fixed geometric arrangement relative to the base member (3).

29. Mobile device (1) according to one of claims 22 to 28,

characterized in that

at least one wheel (9) are mounted on the frame (2) by means of a quick-release device (55) by means of which the wheel (9) can be locked.

30. Mobile device (1) according to one of claims 22 to 29,

characterized in that

at least two wheels (9) are mounted on the frame (2) by means of a quick-clamping device (55) and are arranged at a distance from one another in the transverse direction to the forward movement direction (A).

31. Mobile device (1) according to claim 30,

characterized in that

the distance between the two wheels (9) is changeable in the transverse direction.

32. Mobile device (1) according to one of claims 22 to 31,

characterized in that

at least one stand device (54) is mounted on the frame (2), by means of which the frame (2) can be raised such that at least one wheel (9) no longer touches the ground, and can be lowered such that the frame (2) on the wheels (9, 10) is freely movable.

33. Mobile device (1) according to claim 32,

characterized in that

the stand device (54) is coupled to at least the quick-action clamping device (55) of a wheel (9) so that the quick-action clamping device (55) is automatically closed when the stand device (54) is lowered to lower the frame (2) and thereby the associated wheel ( 9) is locked.

34. Mobile device according to one of claims 1 or 3 to 19,

characterized in that the frame (2) comprises a base element (3) and a removable frame head (4).

35. Mobile device according to claim 34,

characterized in that

a secure electrical connection between the base member (3) and the removable frame head (4).

36. Mobile device according to one of claims 34 or 35,

characterized in that

the base element (3) is designed in the form of a backpack carrying frame.

37. Mobile device according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the mobile device comprises a control device for autonomous movement of the mobile device.

38. A method for detecting an object space by means of a mobile device (1), which has a frame (2) for moving the device (1) in the object space, in which

at least one on the frame (2) mounted single scanner (13) emits a first signal beam (21) in a first emission direction, a first receiver (24) detects a first reflection radiation (23) by reflection of the first signal beam (21) at least an object (22) of the object space is generated, and the first emission direction of the first signal beam (21) is changed by means of a first scanning device (25) for detecting the object space, a multiple scanner mounted above the individual scanner (13) on the frame (2) (16) emits a plurality of second signal beams (32) in second emission directions, a second receiver (35) second

Reflection radiation (34) detected by reflection of the second

Signal beams (32) are generated at one or more objects (33) of the object space, and the second emission directions of the second signal beams (32) are changed by means of a second scanning device (36) for detecting the object space,

at least from the second reflection radiation (34) detected by the second receiver (35) in real time, a graphical representation of those Areas of the object space is generated and output, by which the mobile device (1) can be moved and / or moved, and

Data generated at least from the first reflection radiation (23) detected by the first receiver (13) is output to a memory device (30) for post-processing.

39. The method according to claim 38,

characterized in that

for scanning the object space, the first emission direction of the first signal beam is rotated about a first axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the first emission direction, so that a plane is scanned in succession.

40. The method according to claim 38 or 39,

characterized in that

the second emission directions of the second signal beams are rotated about an axis.

41. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 40,

characterized in that

the second signal beams are radiated fan-shaped.

42. The method according to claim 41,

characterized in that

the emission of the second emission directions are emitted successively, so that within a time interval signal beams, which comprise signal pulses, are radiated fan-shaped into a plane.

43. The method according to claim 41 or 42,

characterized in that

the emission compartments are rotated about a second axis of rotation (44).

44. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 43,

characterized in that

at least a second individual scanner (14) emits a third signal beam in a third emission direction, a third receiver detects a third reflection radiation which is generated by reflection of the third signal beam on an object (22, 33) of the Object space is generated, and the third emission direction of the third signal beam is changed by means of a third scanning device for detecting the object space.

45. The method according to claim 44,

characterized in that

the third emission direction of the third signal beam is rotated about a third axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the third emission direction, so that a second plane (39) is scanned.

46. The method according to any one of claims 38 to 45,

characterized in that

at least a third individual scanner (15) emits a fourth signal beam in a fourth emission direction, a fourth receiver detects a fourth reflection radiation generated by reflection of the fourth signal beam on an object (22, 33) of the object space, and the fourth emission direction of the fourth signal beam to capture the object space is changed.

47. The method according to claim 46,

characterized in that

the fourth emission direction of the fourth signal beam is rotated about a fourth axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the fourth emission direction, so that a third plane is scanned.

48. The method of claim 46 or 47 as far as they are based on claim 44 or 45, characterized in that