EP3765669B1 - Covering for a machine for producing a fibrous material web - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a covering, in particular seam felt for a machine for producing a fibrous web according to the preamble of claim 1.

Clothing used in paper machines usually consists of endless belt loops. These belt loops are continuously guided in a circle over a large number of support and guide elements during machine operation and are always under tension. They are also subjected to stresses from presses, suction elements and the like.

In order to be able to withstand these loads permanently, such coverings often have a woven basic structure.

There are various ways of producing a woven base structure in the endless configuration required for the covering. The most common way to do this is to use circular weaving. This creates a tubular fabric structure directly on the loom. When used in a paper machine, this tube is twisted so that the weft threads of the loom become the machine direction threads (MD threads) of the covering.

However, this type of weaving is very time-consuming. In addition, the required length of the covering must be known exactly when weaving. Weaving in advance is not possible.

To enable a more efficient way of manufacturing, the EP0 425 523 the use of flat-woven panels. These are provided in twice the length of the required covering. By folding the long ends and placing them on top of each other, a two-layer laminate structure is created. By removing CD threads at the folds, seam loops are created. By interlocking the seam loops of both front ends and inserting a plug-in element, this basic structure can be made endless. In contrast to the round-woven structures, the warp threads of the fabric are the MD threads of the covering. In this way, seam coverings can be very efficiently. In particular, a flat fabric can be produced in advance and stored as a roll if the dimensions of the finished covering are not yet known. To produce the covering, only the required length must be unwound from the roll and, if necessary, shortened to the width of the covering.

However, this type of production also has disadvantages.

Firstly, these are in the area of the seam. The properties at the seam differ from those of the rest of the covering. For example, the permeability to water and air is often higher here than in the rest of the covering. This can lead to a loss of quality due to markings in the paper.

Another critical point is the so-called "join". By folding, the two long ends come to lie on one side of the basic structure. They can be arranged butt-to-butt, overlapping or spaced apart. Here too, the properties of the basic structure differ from the rest of the area, which can cause marks in the paper.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a covering which can be produced and used quickly and economically and at the same time overcomes the quality defects known from the prior art.

This object is completely achieved by a covering according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

For a better understanding of the invention, some explanations and definitions are given which are used in the context of this application.

MD threads are threads that are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the basic structure or the covering, or deviate from this by a maximum of 10°. (MD - machine direction)

CD threads are threads that are oriented in the cross direction of the basic structure or the covering, or deviate from this by a maximum of 10° (CD-cross direction).

In this application, the term 'diameter of a thread' is used. For round threads, this term is well defined.

For monofilaments that deviate from the round shape, or for threads twisted from several monofilaments, the diameter of the thread is understood to be the diameter of the circle that has the same area as the cross-section of the thread, or as the sum of the cross-sections of the individual monofilaments.

For a monofilament with a square cross-section and 1 mm edge length, the following diameter D would result: $$A=1\left[{\mathit{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="mm"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">mm</figure-callout>}}^2\right]={\mathit{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\pi r"\; filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi r</figure-callout>}}^2\Rightarrow r=\sqrt{\frac{1}{\pi }}\left[\mathit{mm}\right]\Rightarrow D=2r\approx 1.12\left[\mathit{mm}\right]$$

To determine the diameter of a seam loop, the largest circle that can be completely inserted into the seam loop is determined. The diameter of this circle is then considered to be the diameter of the seam loop.

A covering, in particular a seam felt for a machine for producing a fibrous web, in particular a paper, cardboard, tissue or cellulose web, is proposed. The covering comprises a base structure which comprises or consists of a two-layer laminate structure made of one or more flat-woven elements.

The laminate structure has MD threads that form seam loops at the two front ends of the basic structure and through which the two layers of the laminate structure are connected to each other. The covering is made endless by connecting its front ends with a seam. This seam is made by the Interlocking of the seam loops of both front ends and the insertion of a plug-in element.

According to the invention, it is provided that the diameter of the seam loops (LD loop diameter) and the diameter of the associated MD threads (MDYD-MD yarn diameter) have a ratio LD/MDYD between 2.5 and 4, in particular between 2.7 and 3.6.

Tests carried out by the applicant have shown that with the LD/MDYD ratios according to the invention, the resulting seam is optimal in many respects.

On the one hand, it has a very high strength, without which successful use, e.g. as seam felt, is not possible.

In addition, closing the seam is very easy. The seam of a seam covering is usually closed in the paper machine itself by pulling in a pintle or pintle wire. This pulling in is done manually and can be a lengthy process, especially on wide machines. The fact that the loop diameter is not too small in relation to the MD thread diameter makes pulling in the pintle wire easier. In addition to this ergonomic advantage, the time required to pull in a new covering is reduced, which offers economic advantages for the operator of the system.

However, the diameter or the LD/MDYD ratio must not be too large. Loops that are too large can lead to mechanical markings in the paper, as the bends of the loop, for example when passing through a press nip, are imprinted on the paper. On the other hand, large loops also mean that the seam area itself becomes comparatively large. Since this seam area is structurally different from the rest of the fabric and in particular has a different permeability for water and/or air, there is a risk of hydraulic markings in the paper in the seam area due to different drainage. For this reason, it is desirable to keep the seam area as small as possible.

The LD/MDYD range according to the invention between 2.5 and 4, in particular between 2.7 and 3.6, has proven to be the optimal compromise here.

In particular, the applicant has recognised that the characterising value to be used is not the absolute loop diameter (in mm), but the relative value LD/MDYD.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

It can be provided that the basic structure comprises further components in addition to the two-layer laminate structure. For example, another fabric layer and/or a scrim layer and/or a fleece layer can be provided. The additional components can be arranged on the outside of the two-layer laminate structure. Alternatively or additionally, an additional component can also be arranged between the two layers of the two-layer laminate structure.

The two layers of the two-layer laminate structure can be made from a single flat-woven element. This flat fabric is - at least approximately - twice the length of the subsequent covering. By folding and laying the two ends of the flat fabric on the middle part of the flat fabric, a double-layer structure is created, with the seam loops forming at the folds. The long ends of the flat-woven element can be arranged in a so-called "join" area, butt-joined, overlapping or spaced apart. The overlap or the spacing is advantageously less than 5 cm, in particular less than 2 cm.

Alternatively, the two layers can be made up of several flat-woven elements. All flat-woven elements can have the same length. However, it can also be provided that these flat-woven elements have different lengths. In these designs, too, the seam loops are formed by folding over one or two flat-woven elements. In this way, Here too, the two layers of the laminate structure are connected to each other by the seam loops.

If the basic structure includes several flat-woven elements, several join areas are created, for which the same applies as described above for the case of one join area.

When using several flat-woven elements, it is possible for all elements to be made of the same fabric. Alternatively, however, the elements can differ in one or more features. The features can be the weave pattern, the material, the diameter or structure of the MD or CD threads or other characteristics of the fabric that are known to the person skilled in the art.

One or all of the flat-woven elements can be made as plain weave, for example. This type of fabric is very simple and quick to produce, which is economically advantageous.

However, a well-known effect in two-layer fabric structures is the moiré effect. This occurs more frequently in two-layer plain weave fabrics. To reduce this effect, and thus also to reduce the risk of markings in the paper caused by this effect, it can be advantageous if at least one or all of the flat-woven elements are not plain weave fabrics.

In particular, it can be advantageous if one or all of the flat-woven elements have floats that extend over two or more threads. This can reduce the strength of the moiré effect. Nevertheless, the advantage of easy creation of the seam loops is retained.

All plug-in elements known from the state of the art can be used as plug-in elements. In particular, plug-in wires made of one or more filaments can be used.

The two layers of the two-layer laminate structure can advantageously be joined together by sewing or other suitable techniques. Preferably, such connections can be provided near the seam loops and/or near the join areas.

In preferred embodiments, it can be provided that each of the flat-woven elements has a first and a second longitudinal end, and the two-layer laminate structure has at least one joint at which two longitudinal ends are connected to one another. In this embodiment, at least one of the join regions is designed as a joint. The joined longitudinal ends can belong to the same flat-woven element or to different flat-woven elements, as described above.

The connection at the joint(s) can be made using a variety of known methods. In particular, the connection at at least one joint can be made using an adhesive connection and/or a welded connection. For example, welded joints using ultrasound or a laser are possible. Welding using an NIR laser in the transmission welding process is particularly advantageous. Laser transmission welding is particularly advantageous because the usual polyamide yarns of the fabric are transparent to laser light in a wide frequency range and can be welded very easily using absorbent, e.g. black, connecting threads. It is also possible to make the joint in the form of a woven seam. Such woven seams are used, for example, to make woven forming fabrics endless. Although woven seams are often more complex to produce than adhesive or welded joints, such a joint can have a very high level of strength.

Connecting the long ends with a joint offers a number of advantages. Firstly, the tensile strength of the two-layer laminate structure is increased. The joint also serves to better fix the loose ends of the MD threads at the long ends. Without such a fixation, In some applications, these ends can come loose during operation of the covering and be transported through any fleece layers etc. to the surface of the covering. There, these loose ends can cause damage and markings in the produced fibrous web. By fixing the loose ends through the joint, working out these ends can be completely or largely avoided.

Preferably, it can be provided that the extent of the at least one joint in the machine direction (MD) is less than 15 mm, less than 10 mm, in particular less than 5 mm. Since there is also a risk of different drainage conditions at the join or joint points compared to the rest of the covering, a small extent of these areas is advantageous for reducing the tendency to mark.

While the state of the art has so far attempted to make the joining area as similar as possible to the rest of the covering in terms of essential properties such as thickness and permeability, this embodiment of the invention takes a different approach. It is accepted that in the joining area the properties of the basic structure or the covering may differ from the rest of the covering. Instead, the aim is to keep this different area in the MD direction as small as possible. Particularly in the case of felts, where the applied fleece layers act as a type of diffuser, the different drainage in this very small area can no longer be perceived as a marking in the paper.

To support this effect, it may be advantageous if the at least one joint, in particular all joints, are realized by connecting elements, in particular connecting threads, which are welded to at least one, preferably both longitudinal ends.

In particular, connecting threads can be used as connecting elements, which are arranged in the CD direction of the covering, whereby for a joint a maximum of three connecting threads, in particular a maximum of two connecting threads, are provided.

If, for example, a connecting thread is laid across the MD threads of the two longitudinal ends to be joined and welded to them, a very strong joint is created with just one or two such threads. The extension of the joint in the MD direction is therefore extremely small and the effect of, for example, a different permeability in this area is no longer recognizable in the paper.

Alternatively or additionally, it can also be provided that one or more of the connecting threads are interwoven with MD threads of at least one longitudinal end.

Laser transmission welding is very suitable for this, for example, because the usual polyamide yarns of the fabric are transparent to laser light in a wide frequency range - especially between 800 nm and 1000 nm - and can be welded very easily using absorbent, e.g. black connecting threads. The transparent joining partner essentially only heats up on the surface during this joining process. The structure of this transparent joining partner is largely retained. This is advantageous, for example, if the transparent joining partner is an MD thread which is subject to tensile stress in the finished covering. This is not significantly weakened by laser transmission welding. Such a joint also has sufficient strength to withstand processing steps in the further course of production, in particular needling. In contrast, joints welded using ultrasound are often very brittle and fragile and are at least partially destroyed by needling. Due to the destruction of the joint, individual thread ends or parts of thread can come loose and protrude from the covering, which can create markings or damage the fiber web.

Instead of threads, other types of fasteners can be used, such as woven or non-woven ribbons, strips of

Polymer material or similar. According to the above, it is generally advantageous if connecting elements have only a small expansion in the MD direction, in particular less than 5 mm, less than 2 mm or even better less than 1 mm.

In advantageous embodiments, it can be provided that the MD threads which are used in particular for forming the seam loops are designed as monofilaments, in particular as monofilaments with a round cross-section.

Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the diameter of the MD threads is between 0.15mm and 0.7mm, in particular between 0.3mm and 0.5mm.

In addition to the LD/MDYD ratio, it can also be advantageous for the properties of the seam area to adjust the so-called loop density in the seam.

When determining the seam loop density, the number of seam loops per unit length is first determined. In a fabric with an MD thread density of 64 yarns/100mm, the seam area has twice the number, i.e. 128 yarns/100mm, due to the interlocking of the MD threads at both ends. If the number of threads is multiplied by their diameter, the seam loop density (indicated in percent) is obtained as a measure of the coverage of the seam area by MD threads. If monofilaments with a diameter of 0.5mm are used in the above example, the seam loop density is $\frac{128/0.5\left[\mathit{<figure-callout\; id="100"\; label="mm"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">mm</figure-callout>}\right]}{100\left[\mathit{mm}\right]}=64\%$

It should be noted at this point that the seam loop density of a covering can change during its manufacturing process. For example, thermal processing steps can cause the covering to shrink in the transverse direction. Therefore, the seam loop density is usually lower before the first thermal processing step, usually between 55% and 80%, while it is then higher in the finished covering. The seam loop density values given in this application refer to the finished covering, unless otherwise stated.

In a preferred embodiment, the loop density of the seam can be between 64% and 90%, in particular between 72% and 86%, especially between 78% and 82%. Values of 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84% and 85% have proven to be particularly advantageous.

Since the permeability of the seam tends to be higher than in the rest of the covering, the permeability of the seam can be reduced by a comparatively high seam loop density. However, an increase in the loop density beyond 90% can lead to the easy seamability of the covering mentioned at the beginning being partially lost, as it becomes more difficult to get the seam loops to interlock. Similar to the LD/MDYD ratio, the seam loop density range given here is also, in a sense, an optimal range for two opposing requirements.

In this context, we would like to point out once again the advantages of using a flat weave as the basic structure. In classic, circularly woven basic structures, the fabric is rotated by 90° for use in the covering. The warp threads of the loom become the CD threads of the covering and the weft threads become the MD threads. This is not the case in most cases when flat weaves are used. Here, the fabric is not rotated, so that the MD threads of the basic structure correspond to the warp threads of the loom. This has consequences for the respective thread density. When weaving, the weft threads are essentially inserted straight, while the warp threads change from above the weft thread to below the weft thread. In plain weave, for example, this means that the crossing warp threads run between two adjacent weft threads. For this reason, adjacent weft threads cannot be arbitrarily close to one another. There is no such restriction for the warp threads, as there are no crossing weft threads between them. Therefore, neighboring warp threads can in principle be arranged as close to each other as desired.

Since, as described above, the weft threads of flat weaves correspond to the MD threads of the covering, a higher MD thread density and thus also a higher loop density can be achieved when using flat weaves.

The loop densities of more than 64%, in particular more than 72% or 78%, described in this application can either not be achieved at all with circular fabrics, or by means of extreme weaving conditions such as a greatly increased warp tension, which lead to a greatly accelerated wear of the loom.

Using this embodiment of the invention, it is possible to produce a covering with a seam that has a low permeability due to the high loop density, but is nevertheless easy to close due to the optimal LD/MDYD ratio. Other known methods for reducing seam permeability, such as inserting a flow-restricting element ("scrim") in the seam area, make closing the seam more difficult.

In advantageous embodiments, the seam area of the covering - after closing the seam by means of the plug-in element - can have a permeability which corresponds to between 80% and 130%, in particular between 90% and 120% of the permeability of the covering in an area remote from the seam.

In a preferred embodiment, the covering has one or more layers of nonwoven fibers at least on its upper side that touches the paper. In particular, the covering can be a press felt. In addition, one or more layers of nonwoven fibers can also be provided on the underside of the covering that touches the rollers.

Advantageously, some of the fleece fibers have a fiber fineness of 67 dtex or more. In particular, these relatively coarse fibers can be arranged in direct proximity to the basic structure. They are often applied as a coarse fleece layer and needled to the basic structure.

Nonwoven fibers with a fineness of 44 dtex and less can also be used. In particular, these comparatively fine fibers can be arranged on the upper side of the covering that touches the paper. These fine fibers may be arranged on a nonwoven layer containing the above-mentioned coarse fibres of 67 dtex or more and needled to them.

This allows a good connection between the fleece layer and the base structure as well as between the individual fleece layers.

In particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention, at least some of the fleece fibers can comprise or consist of an elastomer, in particular a polyurethane. By using elastomers in the fiber fleece, the covering can expand better again after passing through the press nip. As a result, the drainage properties of the covering remain at a high level for longer, which offers economic advantages for the operator. Fleece fibers made of elastomer are particularly advantageous in the area of the seam and in the join area(s). Their use is also advantageous here because the elastic effect further reduces the tendency for these areas to mark.

Finally, in advantageous embodiments of the covering, it can also be provided that in the region of the seam at least one strip-shaped, flow-hindering element is provided, which is designed such that the permeability for air and/or water in the region of the seam is essentially the same as in the rest of the covering.

This flow-restricting element can be implemented in various ways. For example, it can be formed as a band of woven or non-woven material. Alternatively, it can be a membrane, a film or a polymer foam. The element can also be implemented in the form of a hardened liquid resin. The person skilled in the art will be able to come up with other suitable implementations without any problem.

• Figuren 1a bis 1c zeigen schematisch den Aufbau bzw. die Herstellung einer Grundstruktur mit einer zweilagigen Laminatstruktur zur Verwendung in einer Bespannung gemäß verschiedenen Ausführungen der Erfindung.
• Figuren 2a bis 2c zeigen schematisch den Aufbau bzw. die Herstellung einer Grundstruktur mit einer zweilagigen Laminatstruktur zur Verwendung in einer Bespannung gemäß weiteren Ausführungen der Erfindung.
• Figur 3 zeigt eine Bespannung nach einem Aspekt der Erfindung.
• Figur 4 zeigt eine Nahtschlaufe einer Bespannung gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung.
• Figur 5 zeigt eine mögliche Ausführung einer Fügestelle

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail using schematic, not to scale sketches.

• Figures 1a to 1c show schematically the construction or manufacture of a basic structure with a two-layer laminate structure for use in a covering according to various embodiments of the invention.
• Figures 2a to 2c show schematically the construction or production of a basic structure with a two-layer laminate structure for use in a covering according to further embodiments of the invention.
• Figure 3 shows a covering according to one aspect of the invention.
• Figure 4 shows a seam loop of a covering according to one aspect of the invention.
• Figure 5 shows a possible design of a joint

Figure 1a shows a single flat-woven element 2 with a first longitudinal end 21 and a second longitudinal end 22 in plan view. The points 31 and 32 are the selected folding points 31, 32 from which the seam loops 41, 42 are formed. Figure 1b shows the flat-woven element 2 again in a side view.

One or more CD threads can be removed at the folding points 31, 32.

As in Figure 1c To produce the basic structure, the flat-woven element 2 is folded at fold points 31, 32 and the folded parts are placed back on the flat-woven element 2. This creates a two-layer laminate structure 1. The longitudinal ends 21, 22 can overlap, touch or, as in Figure 1c shown, have a small distance from each other. In various embodiments of the invention, the join 20 can be designed as a joint 200 at which two longitudinal ends 21, 22 are connected to each other. An advantageous joining method is welding, in particular ultrasonic and laser transmission welding. To improve stability, in particular during processing, the two layers of the two-layer laminate structure 1 can be connected to each other at fixing points 110, in particular sewn.

Figure 2a shows a two-layer laminate structure 1 comprising two flat-woven elements 2, 2a. The seam loops 41, 42 are formed here by the MD threads 10 of the first flat-woven element 2. The second flat-woven element 2a is arranged such that its first longitudinal end 21a forms a join region with the second longitudinal end 22 of the first flat-woven element 2, while its second longitudinal end 22a forms a join region with the first longitudinal end 21 of the first flat-woven element 2. These join regions 20 can again be designed as joints 200.

To improve stability, particularly during processing, the second flat-woven element 2a can be connected, in particular sewn, to the first flat-woven element 2 at fixing points 110.

Figure 2b shows another embodiment of a two-layer laminate structure 1 comprising two flat-woven elements 2, 2a. It differs from the one shown in Figure 2a shown structure in that a seam loop 41 is formed by MD threads 10 of the first flat-woven element 2, while the second seam loop 42 is formed by MD threads 10 of the second flat-woven element 2a. The two flat-woven elements 2, 2a can be the same, in particular the same length. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that they differ in one or more features, in particular in length.

The Figure 2c shows a further embodiment of a two-layer laminate structure 1, which comprises three flat-woven elements 2, 2a, 2b.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a covering according to one aspect of the invention. On the two-layer laminate structure 1 made of Figure 1c Fleece layers 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d are attached. These are usually attached by needling. The needling also further connects the two layers of the two-layer laminate structure 1 to one another.

Figure 4 shows a seam loop 42, formed from an MD thread 10. The MD thread 10 is designed here as a round monofilament. A fleece layer 15 is provided on the upper side of the covering. To determine the LD/MDYD ratio, a circle is inscribed in the seam loop 42. This is the largest circle that can be can be inserted completely into the seam loop 42. The determination of such circles and their diameters is a common geometric exercise. In commercially available microscopes, such a measurement is also included in the range of functions of the operating software. In the coverings according to this invention, the seam loops are also vertical or largely vertical, so that the problem of possible distortion does not arise.

The diameter of the circle is in the case of Figure 4 1200 µm. The diameter of the MD thread is 340 µm. The resulting LD/MDYD ratio is therefore 1200/340=3.5. A covering with such seam loops therefore meets the feature of the characterizing part of claim 1.

In Figure 5 An example of a section of a joint 200 is shown, which is produced by means of laser transmission welding. The transparent joining partners 100, 105 are connected to one another here by means of a connecting element 120. The connecting element 120 is in Figure 5 exemplified as a black thread 120. The transparent joining partners 100, 105 can be, for example, MD threads 10 of longitudinal ends 21, 22 of one or two flat-woven elements 2, 2a, 2b. It can be seen that the connecting element 120 was noticeably deformed by the welding process. The transparent joining partners 100, 105 are, however, structurally largely undamaged. Due to this property, connections made by means of laser transmission welding can also be distinguished from other welded connections.

Claims (14)

1. Fabrics, in particular seam felt, for a machine for producing a fibre web, in particular a paper, cardboard, tissue, or pulp web, comprising a base structure which includes or consists of a two-layer laminate structure (1) made of one or multiple flat-woven elements (2, 2a, 2b), wherein the laminate structure (1) includes MD threads (10) which form seam loops (41, 42) at the two front-side ends of the base structure and the two layers of the laminate structure (1) are connected to one another via the seam loops (41, 42), and wherein the fabrics are made endless by connecting their front-side ends by means of a seam, and this seam is formed by the interlocking of the seam loops (41, 42) at both front-side ends and inserting a connecting element, characterized in that the diameter (LD) of the seam loops (41, 42) and the diameter (MDYD) of the associated MD threads (10) have a ratio LD/MDYD of between 2.5 and 4, in particular between 2.7 and 3.6.
2. Fabrics according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one, in particular all, flat-woven elements (2, 2a, 2b) have floats extending over two or multiple threads.
3. Fabrics according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the flat-woven elements (2, 2a, 2b) has a first and a second longitudinal end (21, 22, 21a, 22a) and the two-layer laminate structure (1) has at least one joining point (200) at which two longitudinal ends (21, 22, 21a, 22a) are connected to one another, wherein these longitudinal ends (21, 22, 21a, 22a) may belong to the same flat-woven element (2, 2a, 2b) or to different flat-woven elements (2, 2a, 2b).
4. Fabrics according to Claim 3, characterized in that the connection of the two longitudinal ends (21, 22, 21a, 22a) is realized by a welded connection, in particular a welded connection produced by means of laser transmission welding.
5. Fabrics according to any one of Claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the extent of the at least one joining point (200) in the machine direction (MD) is less than 15 mm, in particular less than 5 mm.
6. Fabrics according to any one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the at least one joining point (200) is realized by connecting elements (120), in particular connecting threads (120), which are welded to at least one, preferably both, longitudinal ends (21, 22, 21a, 22a).
7. Fabrics according to Claim 6, characterized in that connecting threads (120) arranged in the cross direction (CD) of the fabrics can be used as connecting elements (120), wherein a maximum of three connecting threads (120), in particular a maximum of two connecting threads (120), are provided for a joining point (200).
8. Fabrics according to Claim 7, characterized in that one or many of the connecting threads (120) are interwoven with MD threads (10) of at least one longitudinal end (21, 22, 21a, 22a).
9. Fabrics according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the MD threads (10) are designed as monofilaments, in particular as monofilaments with a round cross-section.
10. Fabrics according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of the MD threads (10) is between 0.15 mm and 0.7 mm, in particular between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm.
11. Fabrics according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loop density of the seam is between 64 % and 90 %, in particular between 72 % and 86 %.
12. Fabrics according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fabrics have one or multiple layers (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) of nonwoven fibres, at least on their upper side in contact with paper.
13. Fabrics according to Claim 12, characterized in that at least some of the nonwoven fibres comprise or consist of an elastomer, in particular polyurethane.
14. Fabrics according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one strip-shaped, flow-restricting element is provided in the seam area, which is configured in such a manner that the permeability for air and/or water in the seam area is substantially the same as in the rest of the fabric.

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