EP3761442A1 - Hohlleiter - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3761442A1
EP3761442A1 EP19184837.3A EP19184837A EP3761442A1 EP 3761442 A1 EP3761442 A1 EP 3761442A1 EP 19184837 A EP19184837 A EP 19184837A EP 3761442 A1 EP3761442 A1 EP 3761442A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
pair
ridge
section
ridge elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19184837.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ahmed Halid Akgiray
Nikolov Biser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcan Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Alcan Systems GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcan Systems GmbH filed Critical Alcan Systems GmbH
Priority to EP19184837.3A priority Critical patent/EP3761442A1/de
Publication of EP3761442A1 publication Critical patent/EP3761442A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/12—Hollow waveguides
    • H01P3/123—Hollow waveguides with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
    • H01P1/173—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation using a conductive element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waveguide for transmitting a radio frequency signal with a hollow waveguide body extending along a central axis between a first open end and a second open end, whereby the waveguide body comprises a body wall of an electrically conductive material, whereby the body wall encloses a waveguide cavity, wherein at least in a first section of the waveguide adjacent to the first end of the waveguide body the waveguide comprises a first pair and a second pair of opposing ridge elements of the electrically conductive material, with each of the respective ridge elements arranged at the body wall of the waveguide body projecting inwardly from the body wall and extending along the central axis, whereby each of the ridge elements comprises a ridge tail surface that is closer to the central axis than the adjacent parts of the body wall.
  • radio frequency comprises a range of frequencies from 30 MHz to 300 GHz.
  • the radio frequency signal propagates as electromagnetic waves along the hollow waveguide. For frequencies below a cut-off frequency, being dependent on the dimensions perpendicular to a central axis of the hollow waveguide, electromagnetic waves cannot propagate along the hollow waveguide.
  • the radio frequency signal can propagate as electromagnetic waves along the waveguide in a fundamental mode and potentially in higher order modes.
  • the radio frequency signal When increasing the frequency above the cut-off frequency of the hollow waveguide initially the radio frequency signal is propagating only in the fundamental mode. With further increase of the frequency there is an onset of the propagation of the radio frequency signal in a higher order mode.
  • the propagation of the radio frequency signal as well as the coupling of the radio frequency signal out of the hollow waveguide in higher order modes can lead to losses. Hence, it is desired to transmit the radio frequency signal exclusively in the dominant mode without a participation of the higher order modes.
  • An operational bandwidth of the hollow waveguide where the radio frequency signal can propagate exclusively in the dominant mode is limited between a lower frequency limit equal to the cut-off frequency of the hollow waveguide, and an upper frequency limit, equal to the frequency onset at which propagation in the higher order modes occurs.
  • An operational bandwidth ratio for which the radio frequency signal propagates solely in the dominant mode is defined as a ratio of the upper frequency limit divided by the lower frequency limit.
  • the cut-off frequency is inversely related to the largest dimension of a waveguide cavity orthogonal to the central axis of the waveguide, a minimal size requirement for the waveguide for a given frequency can hamper the use of waveguides where a space saving integration is necessary as for instance in waveguide feeds and open waveguide radiating elements of antenna arrays.
  • a lateral spacing between a central axis of the open waveguide radiating elements is typically around half a wavelength of the radio frequency signal the phased array antenna is designed to operate at.
  • the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode of a quadratic hollow waveguide coincides with a minimal lateral extension of a side of the waveguide cavity of half a wavelength of the radio frequency signal.
  • a spacing of this sort is not feasible taking twice a thickness of a body wall surrounding the waveguide cavity into account.
  • the present invention relates to a waveguide as described above, characterized in that at least in the first section an adapting element comprising a dielectric material with a relative permittivity larger than air is arranged in between the opposing ridge tail surfaces of the first pair and the second pair of ridge elements.
  • an adapting element comprising a dielectric material with a relative permittivity larger than air is arranged in between the opposing ridge tail surfaces of the first pair and the second pair of ridge elements.
  • the hollow waveguide has a tubular shape with a circular cross section.
  • An inwardly oriented side of the waveguide body is advantageously coated with silver or gold.
  • the ridge elements projecting inwardly from the body wall can have a rectangular cross section with each of the ridge elements comprising the ridge tail surface and two sidewall surfaces, with the latter two connecting the respective ridge tail surface with the adjacent part of the body wall.
  • the opposing ridge tail surfaces of the respective pair of ridge elements are advantageously plane and arranged parallel to each other.
  • the dielectric material can be fabricated from suitable materials as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), silicone dioxide, silicone dioxide, epoxy resin, aluminium dioxide or a combination thereof.
  • the dielectric material can be a composite material as for instance glass-reinforced epoxy laminate.
  • the adapting element is in contact with the ridge tail surface of each of the respective ridge elements.
  • an electrical field formed between the opposing ridge tail surfaces when the radio frequency signal propagates along the waveguide can efficiently be concentrated in the adapting element.
  • the adapting element is spaced apart from the body wall.
  • the adapting element in contact with the ridge tail surfaces and being spaced apart from the body wall the adapting element can have a different influence on the electric field formed between the opposing ridge tail surfaces and an electric field between adjacent sections of the body wall between two neighbouring ridge elements, resulting in an increased operational bandwidth ratio of the waveguide.
  • the first pair of ridge elements and the second pair of ridge elements are arranged orthogonal towards each other.
  • the adapting element has a cross-shaped cross section orthogonal to the central axis.
  • a cross section of the waveguide body with the first pair and the second pair of ridge elements and the adapting element are symmetric with respect to the first pair of ridge elements and/or the second pair of ridge elements arranged orthogonal towards each other.
  • the cross section can be circular or oval.
  • one of the pairs of ridge elements is advantageously arranged along the smallest distance between opposing sections of the body wall, with the other pair of ridge elements being arranged orthogonal to said pair.
  • the cross section of the wave guide body is rectangular, preferably quadratic.
  • one of the pairs of ridge elements is arranged along the smallest distance between opposing sections of the body wall, with the other pair of ridge elements being arranged orthogonal to said pair.
  • a quadratic cross section of the wave guide body is particularly advantageous in case of the use of the waveguide as open waveguide radiating element in a planar phased array antenna. In this way an angular dependence of the radiation properties of the open waveguide radiating element can be optimized.
  • the first pair and/ or the second pair of ridge elements are extended from the first section along the central axis at least sectionwise into the second section.
  • the waveguide can radiate the radio frequency signal through an aperture formed by the first open end in the first section of the waveguide.
  • the second section of the waveguide can be modified as to couple in the radio frequency signal into the waveguide.
  • a distance between the respective ridge tail surfaces of the first or the second pair of ridge elements is staggered.
  • the distance between the opposing ridge tail surfaces of one of the pairs of ridge elements can be staggered for example as to match an impedance of the waveguide to an impedance of a radio frequency signal amplifier connected to the second section of the waveguide.
  • the distance of the respective opposing ridge tail surfaces in different staggered sections of the second section can be symmetric with respect to the central axis. It is advantageous, that only a height of one of the ridge elements of the staggered opposing pair of ridge elements is variable.
  • the adapting element can be adapted to contact the ridge tail surface of the staggered pair of ridge elements.
  • the ridge tail surfaces of the first or the second pair of ridge elements are merged.
  • the staggered pair of ridge elements can be staggered in such a manner, that the respective ridge elements are merged at the second open end, preferably with only the height of one of the respective ridge elements being variable.
  • the opposing, stepped ridge elements can form a septum polarizer.
  • a linear polarized signal fed to the waveguide at the second open end can be transformed into a circular polarized signal at the first open end and vice versa.
  • the cross section of the waveguide body is circular or square.
  • the waveguide body comprises a groove formed at least sectionwise along the central axis with the groove being arranged along a circumferential direction between two neighbouring ridge elements.
  • the waveguide comprising a groove can for example be used to transform the linear polarized signal fed to the waveguide at the second open end into a circular polarized signal at the first open end and vice versa.
  • the groove is spaced apart from the first and the second open end. For a depth of the groove shallower than a thickness of the body wall the groove can be formed as a non-continuous recess in the body wall extending from the inside of the waveguide body.
  • the groove can be formed by a continuous recess in the body wall with the recess covered on the outside of the wave guide body with a lid element connected to the waveguide body.
  • the waveguide can comprise a second groove, preferably arranged along the circumferential direction opposite to aforementioned groove.
  • the body wall between two neighbouring ridge elements is curved. It is also possible, that the curved body wall between two neighbouring ridge elements extends to the respective ridge tail surface.
  • the waveguide is a radiating element.
  • the waveguide can be e.g. the open-ended waveguide antenna.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a waveguide 1.
  • the waveguide 1 depicted in figure 1 comprises a square waveguide body 2 extending along a central axis 3 from a first open end 4 to a second open end 5.
  • the waveguide 1 comprises a first pair 6 of opposed ridge elements and a second pair 7 of opposed ridge elements projecting inwardly from a body wall 8 of the waveguide body 2.
  • the first pair 6 and the second pair 7 of ridge elements are arranged orthogonal to each other.
  • the waveguide body 2 and the two pairs of ridge elements 6, 7 can be manufactured from a metallic material as copper.
  • Each of the respective ridge elements of the two pairs of opposing ridge elements 6, 7 comprises a plane ridge tail surface 9.
  • the waveguide 1 comprises an adapting element 10 fabricated from a dielectric material 11 having a cross-shaped cross section.
  • the dielectric material can be a polymer as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a first section 12 of the waveguide 1 the adapting element 10 and the two pairs of ridge elements 6, 7 extend along the central axis 3.
  • the adapting element 10 is in contact with the ridge tail surfaces 9 of each of the respective ridge elements.
  • the first section 12 extends from the first open end 4 to the second open end 5.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a sectional view of the waveguide 1 depicted in figure 1 along the central axis 3 and the first pair 6 of ridge elements.
  • the adapting element 10 extends from the first open end 4 to the second open end 5 and contacts the ridge tail surfaces 9 of the opposing ridge elements of the first pair 6 and the second pair 7 of ridge elements.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the waveguide 1 with the square waveguide body 2 with the two pairs of ridge elements 6, 7 as shown in figures 1 and 2 .
  • the first section 12 with the adaptive element 10 having a cross-shaped cross section extends along the central axis from the first open end 4 to a second section 13 of the waveguide 1.
  • the second section 13 extends from the first section 12 to the second end 5.
  • Figure 4 and figure 5 illustrate sectional views orthogonal to the central axis 3 of the first section 12 of alternative embodiments of the waveguide 1.
  • the waveguide body 2 of the waveguide 1 shown in figure 4 has a circular cross section.
  • Each of the opposing ridge elements of the first pair 6 and the second pair 7 of ridge elements have a rectangular cross section comprising the ridge tail surface 9 and two side wall surfaces 14 with the ridge tail surface 9 being connected to the body wall 8 via the two side wall surfaces 14.
  • the adapting element 10 is connected to all of the four ridge tail surfaces 9.
  • an outline 15 of the cross section of the waveguide body 2 is square shaped.
  • the ridge tail surfaces 9 of neighbouring ridge elements are connected via curved sections 16 of the body wall 8.
  • Figures 6 to 9 depict an alternative embodiment of the waveguide 1.
  • Figure 6 and figure 7 illustrate schematic top views of the first open end 4 and the second open end 5 of the waveguide 1, respectively.
  • Figure 8 and figure 9 illustrate respective sectional views along a line I-I and a line II-II as depicted in figure 7 .
  • a distance 17 between the first pair 6 of ridge elements is staggered.
  • the first pair 6 of ridge elements is connected.
  • the adapting element matches the staggered shaping of the first pair of ridge elements. In such a way the first pair 6 of ridge elements forms a septum polarizer.
  • Figure 10 and figure 11 illustrate schematic sectional views orthogonal to the central axis 3 of the first section 12 of alternative embodiments of the waveguide 1.
  • the respective waveguide 1 depicted in figure 10 and figure 11 comprises a groove 18.
  • the groove 18 is arranged along a circumferential direction between two neighbouring ridge elements.
  • the groove is formed via a non-continuous recess 19 in the body wall 8.
  • the groove 18 is formed via a continuous recess 20 in the body wall 8 and a lid element 21.
  • the lid element 21 is matched to the continuous recess 20 and bonded to the body wall 8.
  • Figure 12 illustrates an electric field formed inside the waveguide 1 in a dominant mode Hio.
  • a direction and a length of electric field lines 22, 23 depicts an orientation and an intensity of the electric field formed in the dominant mode Hio.
  • the intensity of the field lines 23 extending between the ridge tail surfaces 9 of the first pair 6 of opposing ridge elements is larger than the intensity of the field lines 22 between opposing sections of the body wall 8 adjacent to the first pair 6 of opposing ridge elements.
  • the dielectric material 11 of the adapting element 10 has a major effect on the electric field lines 23 of the dominant mode H 10 extending within the adapting element 10.
  • Figure 13 illustrates an electric field formed inside the waveguide 1 in a higher order mode H 11 .
  • the direction and the length of electric field lines 24, 25 depicts the orientation and the intensity of the electrical field formed in the higher order mode H 11 .
  • the curved electrical field lines 24 extend between sections of the side wall 8 between neighbouring ridge elements and are therefore not influenced by the dielectric material 11 of the adapting element 10.
  • the electric field lines 25 extend between the opposing ridge elements within the dielectric material 11 of the adapting element 10.
  • the electric field lines 24, 25 of the higher order mode H 11 are only partially extending within the adapting element 10, with the intensity of the electrical field lines 25 being smaller compared to the electrical field lines 23 of the dominant mode Hio, as depicted in figure 12 .
  • the influence of the dielectric material 11 of the adapting element 10 on the higher order mode H 11 is smaller as compared to the effect of the adapting element 10 on the dominant mode H 10 .

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP19184837.3A 2019-07-05 2019-07-05 Hohlleiter Pending EP3761442A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19184837.3A EP3761442A1 (de) 2019-07-05 2019-07-05 Hohlleiter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19184837.3A EP3761442A1 (de) 2019-07-05 2019-07-05 Hohlleiter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3761442A1 true EP3761442A1 (de) 2021-01-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19184837.3A Pending EP3761442A1 (de) 2019-07-05 2019-07-05 Hohlleiter

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP3761442A1 (de)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070262835A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-15 Usa As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Polarization-preserving waveguide filter and transformer

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070262835A1 (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-15 Usa As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Polarization-preserving waveguide filter and transformer

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GUOJIAN LI ET AL: "Analysis of multiple layer dielectric loaded circular ridge waveguide", MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETER WAVE TECHNOLOGY (ICMMT), 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON, IEEE, 5 May 2012 (2012-05-05), pages 1 - 3, XP032451996, ISBN: 978-1-4673-2184-6, DOI: 10.1109/ICMMT.2012.6230132 *
GUOJIAN LI ET AL: "Dispersion characteristics of dielectric loaded circular quadruple-ridged waveguide", 2016 PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETIC RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM (PIERS), IEEE, 8 August 2016 (2016-08-08), pages 1170 - 1173, XP032996776, DOI: 10.1109/PIERS.2016.7734610 *
JUN-PING SHANG ET AL: "A novel lower frequency dual-polarized broadband horn antenna for use as a source in tapered anechoic chambers", ANTENNAS, PROPAGATION&EM THEORY (ISAPE), 2012 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON, IEEE, 22 October 2012 (2012-10-22), pages 198 - 201, XP032301211, ISBN: 978-1-4673-1799-3, DOI: 10.1109/ISAPE.2012.6408743 *
SCHROEDER W ET AL: "Boundary integral equation approach to multi-mode Y-Matrix characterization of multi-ridged sections in circular waveguide", BRIDGING THE SPECTRUM : 1996 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, JUNE 17 - 21, 1996, MOSCONE CONVENTION CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, PISCATAWAY, NJ : IEEE PUBL. ORDER DEP, US, 17 June 1996 (1996-06-17), pages 1849, XP032373055, ISBN: 978-0-7803-3246-1, DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.1996.512306 *
WEIMIN SUN ET AL: "Analysis and design of quadruple-ridged waveguides", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, PLENUM, USA, vol. 42, no. 12, PART 01, 1 December 1994 (1994-12-01), pages 2201 - 2207, XP000485462, ISSN: 0018-9480, DOI: 10.1109/22.339743 *
ZHANG H-T ET AL: "Design of A Beamforming Circular-polarization Waveguide Antenna Array", 2018 IEEE ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (APCAP), IEEE, 5 August 2018 (2018-08-05), pages 64 - 65, XP033448252, DOI: 10.1109/APCAP.2018.8538115 *

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