EP3758489A1 - System and method for automated control, feed, delivery verification, and inventory management of corrosion and scale treatment products for water systems - Google Patents
System and method for automated control, feed, delivery verification, and inventory management of corrosion and scale treatment products for water systemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3758489A1 EP3758489A1 EP19761205.4A EP19761205A EP3758489A1 EP 3758489 A1 EP3758489 A1 EP 3758489A1 EP 19761205 A EP19761205 A EP 19761205A EP 3758489 A1 EP3758489 A1 EP 3758489A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- treatment product
- hpa
- ppm
- water system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F14/00—Inhibiting incrustation in apparatus for heating liquids for physical or chemical purposes
- C23F14/02—Inhibiting incrustation in apparatus for heating liquids for physical or chemical purposes by chemical means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group; Thio analogues thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
- C02F1/686—Devices for dosing liquid additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/14—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/167—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C23F11/1676—Phosphonic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/173—Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
- C02F2209/006—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC] comprising a software program or a logic diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
- C02F2209/008—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC] comprising telecommunication features, e.g. modems or antennas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/11—Turbidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/44—Time
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention
Definitions
- This invention relates to a system and method for controlling the treatment of water in a water system, such as industrial process water, cooling tower water, and boilers, with various treatment products, particularly by feeding individual or combined, undiluted raw materials treatment products each having one active ingredient that when combined in the water system are effective at inhibiting corrosion or white rust on metal components in low LSI (Langelier Saturation Index) water systems and for inhibiting scale formation in high LSI water systems and treating other water system issues, using automated control of feed time and amount for each individual treatment component, optional delivery verification, and optional treatment product inventory management, to maintain system cycles and water chemistry in the water system.
- LSI Low Saturation Index
- Some treatment products include a dye or fluorescing agent to allow a measurement of the concentration of the treatment product in the water system and to aid in controlling treatment feed rate, which is effective provided the sensor is not fouled.
- a fluorimeter only verifies the presence of the dye or other fluorescing agents, it cannot differentiate between the various components in a multi-component treatment product, which may be required to treat a water system with a variety of treatment products or components in order to address different issues within the water system, such as scale and biofilm development.
- Various water treatment compositions are used to reduce corrosion, mineral scale, and white rust formation on metal components in contact with an aqueous solution in water systems such as open recirculating systems, closed loop cooling or heating systems, cooling towers and boilers, and help protect the metal components of these systems.
- the metals typically used in these water systems include ferrous metals, including galvanized steel, aluminum and its alloys, copper and its alloys, lead, and solder.
- Many known corrosion inhibitors contain regulated toxic metals, such as zinc, chromate, and molybdate, which are harmful to the environment and increase the costs.
- Zinc is typically used as corrosion inhibitor in water systems with highly corrosive water (low LSI). However its usage is undesirable due to toxicity issues and its use faces regulations in some locations. Tin has also been used as a non-toxic alternative to zinc, but it is more expensive.
- the corrosion rate results shown in the ⁇ 23 patent based on the use of polyaspartic acid and PBTC are better than other corrosion inhibitors, but there is still a need for even greater corrosion inhibition, particularly in the presence of biocides.
- the scale formation results shown in the ⁇ 23 patent based on the use of polyaspartic acid and PBTC are approximately the same as the results obtained by using PBTC alone, indicating no real improvement in scale inhibition is obtained with the two-component formula of the ⁇ 23 patent.
- 6,183,649 discloses a white-rust treatment composition
- a white-rust treatment composition comprising PBTC, sodium polyacrylate, sodium tolytriazole, an alkali metal molybdate, and an alkali metal bromide for treating circulating water systems.
- The‘649 patent also discloses the addition of a 1.5% aqueous solution of decyl thioethyletheramine (DTEA) at a rate of 25lb/1 ,000 gallons of water/week to the circulating water system prior to adding the white rust treatment composition at a rate of 600 ppm per cycle for ten cycles of recirculation after addition of the DTEA.
- DTEA decyl thioethyletheramine
- Previously known water treatments involve pre-mixed compositions including multiple ingredients that are pre-mixed into a single composition.
- pre-mixed compositions Most water systems require treatment with several different pre-mixed compositions to address different problems associated with the water system. These different pre- mixed compositions may include some of the same ingredients, which may be wasteful when two or more pre-mixed compositions with the overlapping ingredients are used in the same water system. Additionally, some pre-mixed treatment compositions have ingredients that negatively impact ingredients in other pre-mixed compositions, such as the biocide/corrosion inhibitor issue discussed above. Pre- mixed liquid treatment compositions are frequently used, which involve large volumes of liquids, typically including water. This makes shipping and storage of the treatment costly and difficult.
- a worker When a pre-mixed composition needs to be replenished, a worker typically has to carry the pre-mixed composition, which may be in a multi-gallon container of significant weight, over distances and/or up one or more flights of stairs to reach a treatment destination.
- This invention provides a treatment control system and method for treating water in a water system, such as industrial process water, cooling tower water, boilers, closed loops, pasteurizers, and retorts, with various treatment products using automated control of treatment feed, monitoring treatment use, treatment delivery verification, and optional treatment product inventory management, to maintain system cycles and water chemistry in the water system.
- a water system such as industrial process water, cooling tower water, boilers, closed loops, pasteurizers, and retorts
- This invention also provides treatment product to treat a water system to inhibit corrosion, white rust, and scale using ingredients that may be separately added and controlled with preferred embodiments of the treatment control system and method of the invention.
- an improved corrosion inhibitor, white rust inhibitor, and scale inhibitor products comprise an amino-acid based polymer (AAP), hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid (HPA) or its water soluble salt, and another phosphonic acid or its water soluble salt, which may be stored separately and added to the water system as separate ingredients.
- AAP amino-acid based polymer
- HPA hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid
- another phosphonic acid or its water soluble salt which may be stored separately and added to the water system as separate ingredients.
- a treatment control system comprises an injection manifold for injecting treatment products into a slip stream or side stream drawn from the water system being treated, one or more containers of treatment product, one or more feeders, such as pumps, to feed treatment product from the containers to the injection manifold or otherwise into the water system, and a controller for activating the feeders to deliver an amount of treatment product needed for the particular water system according to programmed time intervals (programmed timing functions) or programmed calculation or data comparison functions.
- a“treatment product” refers to a single ingredient (or a solution having a single active ingredient) or a pre-mixed composition of two or more active ingredients useful in treating one or more issues associated with water systems, such as biological contamination, corrosion, white rust, or scale.
- a variety of functions may be pre-programmed into a preferred treatment control system and those programs may be modified by a user as needed to better suit the actual water system operating parameters and actual treatment issues for the water system in which the treatment control system is being used.
- the treatment system controller comprises processing and telemetry capabilities that allow it to send and receive signals, make calculations, display data, store data and/or save data to a removable memory card or other connected device, and activate/deactivate feed mechanisms for each container of treatment product.
- a preferred treatment system controller is also capable of automatically sending signals to alter the feed rate of treatment products and accepting manual input of programming changes or manual changes in treatment feed rates.
- a preferred treatment system controller is also capable of receiving signals from other sensors within the water system, such as pH meter ,a flow meter, or an opto-electrochemical sensor, which may be used in calculating treatment product feed rates.
- the data and information collected and calculated by the treatment system controller may be displayed on an optional screen on the housing for the controller or it may be communicated to a separate or remote control system (such as the water system controller), directly (through a plug-in connection) or by wireless communication, to remote users (such as supervisors or remote operators), to achieve automated control over the water system.
- a separate or remote control system such as the water system controller
- remote users such as supervisors or remote operators
- a computer can talk remotely to the system and prescribe a feed program based on laboratory testing of system samples.
- the treatment product chemicals fed into the water system through the treatment control system would provide the needs for scale, corrosion, white rust, and biological inhibition.
- Prior art treatments are typically fed from diluted multi- component pre-mixed formulations (e.g. one pre-mixed composition that contains chemicals to treat more than one water system issue, such as treating scale and biofilm, or that contains several active ingredients to treat a single product, such as scale) out of large drum containers, such that the precision of the pump becomes less important.
- diluted multi- component pre-mixed formulations e.g. one pre-mixed composition that contains chemicals to treat more than one water system issue, such as treating scale and biofilm, or that contains several active ingredients to treat a single product, such as scale
- the weight and size of the container complicates shipping, storage, and the movement of the product from storage to the feed location.
- the treatment products according to one preferred embodiment of the invention are provided as individual, separate components or undiluted mixtures of raw materials (rather than multi-component formulations) in flexible packages in a non-hazardous form.
- These treatment containers reduce freight, provide easier movement of the product containers to the point of feed, and minimize injuries from carrying and possible chemical contact. Disposal of the containers is simplified because the packaging will be collapsible and preferably more biodegradable.
- the chemical feed pumps are designed to maintain prime, and the device will monitor pump times to notify personnel when the container will need replacement with a full container.
- a treatment control system also comprises a sensor, such as a conductivity meter, for verifying delivery of a treatment product into the water system.
- the sensor is placed downstream of the treatment product feed point, such as downstream of the injection manifold, to measure a parameter of the water to verify treatment product delivery of each component to the system.
- Each treatment product is fed into the manifold (or otherwise fed into the water system) separately, so that the sensor can make a measurement for each product being added.
- the controller receives a signal from the sensor regarding the measured parameter, which indicates whether treatment product was injected when it was supposed to be or whether sufficient (or too much) product was injected according to the pre-programmed functions. If the product was not injected or an incorrect amount of product was injected, the controller will alert a user that there is a malfunction or that a container of treatment product is empty and needs replacing.
- the treatment system controller tracks the amount of treatment product injected compared to the initial volume of product in the container and provides an alert when the remaining volume in the container is below a predetermined threshold, such as 10% or 5% volume remaining to indicate the container is near empty (or actually empty, if desired) so that it may be replaced.
- the controller also tracks inventory of each type of treatment product used and can provide an alert or automatically send a replacement order to replenish inventory when the supply of any particular treatment product at the treatment location is low.
- a preferred treatment control system and method according to the invention allows treatment feed rates of individual treatment products or components to be adjusted based on programmed functions.
- Those functions may be based on time, measurements from water system sensors, measurements from system water meters, or a combination thereof. This allows the treatment for a water system to be automatically adjusted in real time based on actual water chemistry and/or actual water system operating parameters, such as blowdown rate.
- the functions may also be manually changed on-site or via a remote connection to a preferred treatment control system to accommodate changes in treatment protocols or regulations or changes in desired concentrations of any particular treatment product.
- a treatment control system has alarming functionality to indicate a problem with treatment delivery verification, low inventory, system malfunction, or other issues to provide a visual or audible alarm or to send a message to a remote user.
- a preferred treatment control system also records data regarding treatment feeds, calculations related to treatment feeds and programmed functions, programmed desired residual concentrations of treatment chemicals, and sensor readings or measurements and/or can send such data to a remote computer, terminal, or user. This data aids in demonstrating compliance with treatment protocols and regulations.
- an improved corrosion inhibitor, white rust inhibitor, and scale inhibitor treatment products comprise an amino-acid based polymer (AAP), hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid (HPA) or its water soluble salt, and another phosphonic acid or its water soluble salt, which may be added as separate treatment products using the delivery and control systems and methods of the invention.
- AAP amino-acid based polymer
- HPA hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid
- HPA hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid
- the amino-acid based polymer is polyaspartic acid or its water soluble salt, but other compounds such as polyglycine acid, polyglutamic acid and their salts may also be used.
- the amino acid based polymer has the following formula:
- the other phosphonic acid is a phosphonocarboxylic acid or any organic phosphonate may also be used.
- the phosphonocarboxylic acid is 1 -hydroxyethane-1 ,1 -diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or 2-phosphonobutene- 1 ,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) or phosphonosuccinic acid.
- the weight ratio of AAP to HPA in the inhibitor treatment products is 90:10 to 10:90 and the ratio of combined AAP and HPA (which may be combined together, pre-mixed into a single container, but are more preferably maintained as separate ingredients) to other phosphonic acid is in the range of 90:10 to 60:40. More preferably, the weight ratio range of AAP to HPA in the inhibitor treatment products is 80:20 to 80:20 and the ratio of combined AAP and HPA to other phosphonic acid is 80:20 to 70:30.
- all treatment products used in connection with the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to a preferred embodiment of the invention are all organic and do not contain regulated metals such as zinc, chromate, and molybdate and their combined performance is not affected by addition of biocides.
- all treatment products used in connection with the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to a preferred embodiment of the invention do not contain tin.
- preferred AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to the invention for inhibiting corrosion yield at least 3 ppm active AAP, at least 3 ppm active HPA, and at least 2 ppm of the other phosphonic acid. More preferably, when added to the water in the water system being treated, preferred AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products yield 3 ppm-50 ppm AAP, 3 ppm-50 ppm HPA, and 2 ppm-20 ppm of the other phosphonic acid and most preferably between 5ppm-30ppm AAP, 3ppm-20ppm HPA, and 2 ppm-10 ppm of the other phosphonic acid.
- the combined total of the three components of preferred AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products yield at least 8 ppm active corrosion inhibitors when added to the water being treated.
- These ingredients have the unexpected synergistic effect of improved corrosion inhibition in low LSI water systems (LSI ⁇ -0.5) without requiring the use of toxic metals and without being adversely impacted by biocides.
- the same AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products also have a positive effect on preventing formation of white rust on galvanized steel.
- Galvanized steel consists of a thin coating of zinc fused to a steel substrate.
- White rust is a rapid, localized corrosion attack on zinc that usually appears as a voluminous white deposit. This rapid corrosion can completely remove zinc in a localized area with the resultant reduction in equipment life.
- White rust formation tends to increase with increased alkalinity levels in the water.
- hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid nor amino-acid based polymers, such as polyaspartic acid, alone or in combination, has been previously utilized in commercial products for white rust prevention. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to the invention may be forming a protective layer on the surface of galvanized steel and reduce white rust formation.
- treatment products for treating white rust comprise an amino-acid based polymer used together with hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, and without another phosphonic acid.
- treatment products for treating white rust comprise an amino-acid based polymer, without any hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid. The preferred concentrations and ranges for these treatment product components when added to the water being treated for white rust are the same as for inhibiting corrosion.
- the same AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products also have a positive effect on preventing formation of mineral scale in high LSI water (LSI >1 ).
- Mineral scale includes calcium and magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, and silica. Solubility of calcium carbonate and phosphate decreases when temperature increases, making calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate more of an issue in water systems with higher temperatures, such as cooling towers. LSI is determined by the following formula:
- LSI pH - pHs, where pHs is pH at CaC03 saturation point.
- An LSI > 0 indicates scaling, as scale can form and CaC03 precipitation may occur.
- An LSI ⁇ 0 indicates nonscaling, as there is no potential to scale and the water will dissolve CaC03.
- LSI is an indication of driving force and not strict quantitative indication of scale formation, which will depend on the water characteristics, temperature, and water systems operations.
- scale will typically precipitate out of water when the LSI is greater than 0.2.
- no scale will form (calcium carbonate will not precipitate out of the water) at LSI values of 1 -3.
- preferred AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to the invention for inhibiting scale yield at least 2 ppm active AAP, at least 2 ppm active HPA, and at least 1.5 ppm of the other phosphonic acid. More preferably, when added to the water in the water system being treated, preferred AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products yield 2 ppm-50 ppm AAP, 2 ppm-50 ppm HPA, and 1.5 ppm-20 ppm of the other phosphonic acid and most preferably between 3 ppm-30ppm AAP, 2 ppm-20 ppm HPA, and 1.5 ppm-10 ppm of the other phosphonic acid.
- the combined total of the three components of preferred AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products yield at least 6.5 ppm active scale inhibitors when added to the water being treated.
- These ingredients have the unexpected synergistic effect of improved corrosion inhibition in high LSI water systems (LSI >1 ) without requiring the use of toxic metals and without being adversely impacted by biocides.
- Treatment products according to preferred embodiments of the invention work together to inhibit corrosion of metals such as ferrous metals, aluminum and its alloys, copper and its alloys, zinc and its alloys, galvanized steel (including white rust), lead, or solder, and to prevent mineral scale formation.
- the treatment products are particularly useful in water systems such as open recirculating systems, closed loop cooling or heating systems, and boilers that may experience corrosion, white rust, and scale formation during different times of the year or under different operating conditions, including use in both low LSI (high corrosively water) and high LSI (high scale tendency) waters.
- additional treatment products may be used with preferred AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products for inhibiting corrosion or white rust or scale.
- additional treatment products include one or more of the following ingredients: a neutralizing amine, chlorine stabilizer, such as monoethanol amine (MEA); a secondary scale inhibitor (since the treatment products themselves also work as a scale inhibitor) and dispersion agent, such as polycarboxylate polymer and/or carboxy late/sulfonate functional copolymers (typical examples: polyacryclic acid (PAA), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA), polymaleic acid (PMA), and copolymers of acrylic acid and 2-acylamido - methylpropane sulfonic acid (AA/AMPS); other scale and corrosion inhibitors, chelant agents; azole corrosion inhibitors, such as benzotriazole, alkylbenzotriazole (tolyltriazole); and/or a fluorescent dye tracer, such as 1 ,3,6,8-P
- the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products may also be pre-mixed, optionally with one or more of the additional treatment products noted above, into a single pre-mixed composition.
- the overall pre-mixed composition preferably comprises around 2%-15% (by weight) of an amino-acid based polymer (such as polyaspartic acid), around 2% to 10% (by weight) of hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, and around 2% to 10% (by weight) of another phosphonic acid.
- AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to the preferred embodiments of invention as described above are added to the water system as separate ingredients using a delivery and control system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- one or more of the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products are added to the water system (with combinations of two or more ingredients added at substantially the same time) to provide the above noted preferred concentration ranges.
- a preferred delivery and control system operates to feed one or more of the AAP, HPA, and another phosphonic acid as described above, into the water at an effective feed rate of 20ppm - 600 ppm, or more preferably 100 - 300ppm, of treatment products, depending on the treated water chemistry and the amount of optional treatment products used in connection with the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products.
- a sufficient amount of treatment products are added to the water system to provide effective active amounts of one or more of the three treatment components (depending on whether white rust is being treated or both corrosion and white rust) of at least 3 ppm AAP, at least 3 ppm HPA, and at least 2 ppm of another phosphonic acid, each as initial concentrations when added to the volume of water in the water system being treated. More preferably, the treatment products are added in a sufficient amount to provide effective active amounts one or more of the components of between 3 ppm - 50 ppm AAP, between 3pm - 50 ppm HPA, and between 2 ppm - 20 ppm of another phosphonic acid when added to the water in the water system. Most preferably, these effective active amounts are 5ppm - 30 ppm AAP, 3 ppm - 20 ppm HPA, and 2 ppm - 10 ppm other phosphonic acid when added to the water in the water system.
- a preferred delivery and control system feeds one or more of the AAP, HPA, and another phosphonic acid as described above into the water at an effective feed rate of 20ppm - 600 ppm, or more preferably 50 - 300ppm, of treatment products, depending on the treated water chemistry and the amount of optional treatment products used in connection with the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products.
- a sufficient amount of treatment products are added to the water system to provide effective active amounts of one or more of the three treatment components of at least 2 ppm AAP, at least 2 ppm HPA, and at least 1.5 ppm of another phosphonic acid, each as initial concentrations when added to the volume of water in the water system being treated.
- the treatment products are added in a sufficient amount to provide effective active amounts of the three treatment components of 2 ppm - 50 ppm AAP, 2 ppm - 50 ppm HPA, and 1.5 ppm -20 ppm of another phosphonic acid, each as initial concentrations when added to the volume of water in the water system being treated.
- the treatment products are added in a sufficient amount to provide effective active amounts of the three components of between 3 ppm - 30 ppm AAP, between 2pm - 20 ppm HPA, and between 1.5 ppm - 10 ppm of another phosphonic acid when added to the water in the water system.
- FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of one preferred embodiment of treatment control system according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of one preferred embodiment of the internal components of a portion of the treatment control system according to FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a front elevation view of an alternate preferred embodiment of the internal components of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a front elevation view of one preferred embodiment of the internal components of another portion of the treatment control system according to FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a preferred treatment storage and feed container for use with a treatment control system according to the invention
- FIG. 6 is a front elevation view of another preferred embodiment of treatment control system according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a chart showing conductivity readings for various treatment components fed at different flow rates
- FIG. 8 contains photographs showing corrosion levels on steel coupons after spinner tests at flow rates of 3ft/sec and 5ft/sec;
- FIG. 9 contains photographs showing corrosion levels on steel coupons after spinner tests run in presence of biocide at flow rates of 3ft/sec and 5 ft/sec;
- FIG. 10 contains photographs showing corrosion levels on steel coupons after spinner tests at a flow rate of 3ft/sec.
- FIG. 11 contains photographs showing white rust levels on galvanized coupons after spinner tests. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
- System 10 preferably comprises control housing
- Each housing 12 and 40 preferably has a box like body 13, 41 and a closable or removable door or cover 15, 43 that protects the interior components in the housing but also allows access for service and for replacement of treatment product containers 42.
- each housing 12 and 40 is a NEMA 4 equivalent box.
- system 10 also preferably comprises a controller 14 that controls a feeder 32 for each container 42 of treatment product, to initiate feed of each treatment product into the water system at a preprogrammed time or in response to one or more measurements of the water, to feed an amount of treatment product over a period of time or at periodic intervals in accordance with programmed feed rate functions based on desired concentrations of treatment products, sensor readings or measurements, and/or preset feeder activation times.
- controller 14 controls a feeder 32 for each container 42 of treatment product, to initiate feed of each treatment product into the water system at a preprogrammed time or in response to one or more measurements of the water, to feed an amount of treatment product over a period of time or at periodic intervals in accordance with programmed feed rate functions based on desired concentrations of treatment products, sensor readings or measurements, and/or preset feeder activation times.
- Feed rates for each treatment product may be calculated by controller 14 based on duration of time a valve is opened, duration of time a feeder pump is on, calculated flow rates based on pump capacity or tubing size, measured based on readings from a flow meter, or any other combination of parameters and measurements for the various components of system 10 as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
- controller 14 is a programmable logic controller (“PLC”) or industrial computer 14.
- PLC programmable logic controller
- Treatment system 10 also preferably comprises one or more feeders 32 (preferably pumps), a manifold 20, and a conductivity meter 22 (or other sensor) downstream of the manifold, one or more sensors 21 upstream of the manifold, all inside housing 12.
- System 10 also preferably comprises one or more treatment containers 42 inside housing 40. Disposed through a wall of housing body
- connection ports 16 and 26 which allows system 10 to be connected to a side or slip stream drawn off of the water system and to return that water with injected treatment products back into the water system using tubing or piping, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
- connection ports 28 and 48 are disposed through housing body 13 and body 41 disposed through housing body 13 and body 41 disposed through housing body 13 and body 41 .
- connection ports 28 and 48 are preferably quick connecting type ports.
- housing body 41 may have an aperture(s) to allow tubing 44 connected to a treatment container 42 to pass through to connection port 28, without using a separate connection port 48 or separate tubing 46.
- a feeder is used to feed treatment product into the water system.
- a preferred feeder for system 10 is a pump 32, preferably a metering peristaltic pump, but other types of pumps may also be used. Peristaltic pumps are preferred because they provide consistent metered feed with no loss of prime, which has been a problem with prior art treatment feeds and a major cause of prior art treatment failures.
- a pump 32 is preferably provided for each treatment container 42 to pump the treatment from the container 42 to a port 34 on manifold 20.
- pump 32a pumps treatment product from container 42a through tubing 44a, through port 48a and tubing 46a (if port 48a is used), through port 28a, and through tubing 30a to port 34a on manifold 20.
- Ports 28 for containers 42b and 42d are not shown in FIG. 2 because they are located rearwardly of ports 28a and 28c.
- a slip stream or side stream from the water system passes through port 16, through tubing 18 into manifold 20, where one or more treatment products from containers 42 are injected through ports 34.
- Treatment control system 10 may be plumbed to an existing water system pressurized line to feed a slip stream or side stream to system 10 through port 16, or a submersible pump may be placed in a sump to pump water from the water system to system 10 through port 16.
- One or more sensors 21 may also be placed upstream of manifold 20 to detect properties of the water prior to injection of the treatment product (although the water passing through sensor 21 may have one or more treatment products in it from previous injections of treatment product).
- Sensor(s) 21 may include an inline fluorimeter, a pH meter, another conductivity meter (other than conductivity meter 22), a flow meter, a flow switch, temperature sensor, and/or an ORP sensor or similar sensor to monitor oxidant level.
- pumps 32 are preferred feeders for treatment product into the water system
- other feeders or feed systems may also be used with treatment control system 10.
- containers 42 may be located to feed into water system via gravity feed, such as feeding directly to the water system sump, or a venturi injector with PLC 14 controlling valves to block or allow treatment flow in order to control the feed rate of the treatment products.
- each treatment container 42 preferably comprises a flexible pouch with integrated tubing 44, similar to an IV bag, having an end fitting to allow connection to port 48 or port 28.
- Container 42 is preferably hung inside housing 40 via hooks or clips attached to an interior wall of housing 40.
- a flexible pouch container 42 may be placed within another container, such as a box 50 or a“Cubitainer,” to provide further protection for container 42 and support for container 42 within housing 40.
- housing 40 may be omitted from system 10 and containers 42 may be hung or set in a location adjacent housing 12, particularly if a protective and supportive box 50 is used.
- Other types of containers 42 such as a cylindrical vessel, may also be used.
- the container may rest on a bottom wall of housing body 41 , rather than being hung, and connection port 48 (or aperture) may be disposed through a bottom wall of housing 40.
- Other configurations may also be used.
- System 110 preferably comprises a housing 112, which preferably has a box like body and a closable or removable door or cover that protects the interior components in the housing but also allows access for service and for replacement of treatment product containers 142 and feeder mechanism or pump mechanism 132.
- housing 12 is a NEMA 4 equivalent box.
- System 110 preferably comprises a plurality of containers 142, each comprising a cap 145 having a one-way valve and an exit tube, connectable in fluid communication with tubing 144 to dispense fluid from container 142 to manifold 120 and into the water system being treated.
- Each container 142 and cap 145 is preferably made of inexpensive plastic, that is easily replaceable when a container is empty or when the valve mechanism in cap 145 needs to be replaced.
- Containers 142 may come in different sizes depending on the size of the water system being treated and/or the treatment product contained in a particular container.
- a feeder or pump mechanism 132 is preferably provided for each container 142.
- Pump mechanism 132 may comprise a simple actuator to open and close a one-way valve in cap 145 to allow fluid to pass via gravity feed from container 142 through tubing 144.
- pump mechanism 132 may comprise a motor configured to rotate an impeller to pump or move fluid from container 142 through tubing 144 and port 134 to deliver a treatment product to the water system without relying on gravity feed.
- pump mechanism 132 may comprise a motor configured to rotate a wheel with a crank pin that engages with a slide plate to actuate a piston in cap 145 to pump fluid from container 142.
- Other pumping mechanisms may also be used, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
- Each pump mechanism 132 may be battery powered or powered through controller 114.
- Pump mechanism 132 is preferably inexpensive and easily replaced when needed.
- container 142 may be a flexible pouch, like preferred containers 42, more preferably they are stiff-sided or rigid plastic containers capable of standing on any stable, flat surface.
- Each pump mechanism is preferably attached to a rear wall of housing 112 or may sit on a bottom side of housing 112 and each preferably has a flange on which container 142 or a portion of cap 145 may be supported in an inverted position (cap 145 facing down). Other configurations may also be used.
- Treatment system 110 also preferably comprises a manifold 120 and a plurality of ports 134, each connected to a tubing 144.
- a slipstream from the water system being treated is diverted to system 110, passes through manifold 120 where treatment product(s) are added according to programmed functions, and the slipstream with the added treatment product(s) is returned to the water system.
- manifold 120 preferably only a single housing 112 is used with system 110.
- Ports may be included through walls of the housing 112 to allow connection of the slipstream to manifold 120, as previously described with system 10.
- System 110 may also include one or more sensors, such as a conductivity meter, upstream or downstream of the manifold (similar to sensors 21 , 22 in system 10). Preferably, such sensors are contained inside housing 112.
- System 110 also preferably comprises a controller 114 that controls a feeder mechanism or pump mechanism 132 for each container 142 of treatment product, to initiate feed of each treatment product into the water system at a preprogrammed time or in response to one or more measurements of the water, to feed an amount of treatment product over a period of time or at periodic intervals in accordance with programmed feed rate functions based on desired concentrations of treatment products, sensor readings or measurements, and/or preset feeder activation times.
- controller 114 controls a feeder mechanism or pump mechanism 132 for each container 142 of treatment product, to initiate feed of each treatment product into the water system at a preprogrammed time or in response to one or more measurements of the water, to feed an amount of treatment product over a period of time or at periodic intervals in accordance with programmed feed rate functions based on desired concentrations of treatment products, sensor readings or measurements, and/or preset feeder activation times.
- Feed rates for each treatment product may be calculated by controller 114 based on duration of time a valve in cap 145 is opened/duration of time a feeder pump 132 is onto actuate the valve in cap 145, calculated flow rates based on pump capacity or tubing size, measured based on readings from a flow meter, or any other combination of parameters and measurements for the various components of system 110 as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
- controller 114 is a small single board computer with wireless and blue tooth capabilities, HDMI or other data connection ports, and optionally one or more DC drive units to power pump mechanisms 132. Controller 114 may be preprogrammed with a variety of programs to operate pump mechanisms 132 to dispense various amounts of each treatment product at specified time intervals.
- An optional, but preferable, display screen 152 may be used for communication of data and manual data entry, as needed.
- each treatment container 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 142a, 142b, 142c, etc. contains a different treatment product in concentrated form, such as the AAP in container 42a or 142a, the HPA in container 42b or 142b, and the other phosphonic acid in container 42c or 142c.
- Other optional ingredients may be in different containers 42 or 142.
- other treatment products such as other scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, biocides (preferably one oxidizing and one non- oxidizing), etc. may be contained in other containers 42 or 142.
- each container 42 contains an individual treatment chemical or ingredient (each with a single active ingredient, although combinations or two or more active ingredients may also be used), which allows the use of 8-12 common chemical components for treatment of a typical water system instead of 50-100 formulated, pre-mixed treatment compositions to achieve the same results.
- This allows the use of twelve or fewer containers 42, 142 for treatment system 10, 110 to cover most typical water system treatment issues.
- Most commercial formulated multi-component treatments can be reduced to around 4 core components, allowing the use of only four containers 42, 142 with treatment system 10, 110 for most water systems.
- any particular treatment container 42, 142 may contain a pre-mixed treatment composition having multiple chemicals or active components (such as a corrosion inhibitor and a biocide) to treat one or more water system issues
- each container 42, 142 have only one or two active components or ingredient to target a single water system issue, either alone or in combination with another component or ingredient in another container.
- the treatments in the various containers 42a, 42b, 142a, 142b, etc. may be compatible for use together or may be incompatible, since system 10, 110 is capable of controlling when each treatment is dosed to the water system, as discussed below, the timing may be controlled to avoid any adverse interactions between treatment products.
- each container 42, 142 is small, lightweight, and easy to ship, store, and change out. Although other sizes may be used, each container 42, 142 preferably holds around 5L of treatment product.
- the use of four containers 42a-42d (or 142a-142d) each containing a core treatment chemical (such as AAP, HPA, other phosphonic acid, and a biocide), at 5L each will treat a 100 ton cooling system for an average of 3 months. Larger sized containers, up to 25L pouches or even larger drums, may also be used to treat larger sized water systems. More than four containers 42, 142 may also be used, depending on the number of treatment products that are needed to treat the issue of a given water system.
- Systems 10, 110 also allows for easy change-out of the treatment products being used by simply disconnecting the tubing for one treatment container, removing the treatment container and replacing it with another having the same or a different product. This allows flexibility in systems 10, 110 to accommodate larger scale changes in the treatment requirements of the water system, which require different treatment products.
- the use of preferred flexible pouches for containers 42, or bottles 142 facilitate inventory control and ease of handling and reduce waste of the larger bucket or drum previously used with diluted treatment products; however, larger container sizes may be used for larger systems, including drums if necessary, to meet demands of the water system being treated.
- Each pouch-type container 42 preferably has a fitment designed to simplify connection to the pump feeder through ports 28 and minimize user contact with the treatment products.
- each container 142 allows for easy connection of tubing 144 to an outlet fitting on cap 145 and placement within pump mechanism 132 to minimize or even eliminate user contact with the treatment products. Since feed rate of each treatment product is based on feeder or pump 32, 132 activation time, most preferably each container 42, 142 has coloration or a label that coordinates with coloration or a label on a component to which the container is to be connected, such as tubing 44a, 44b, 144a, 144b, pump tubing 30a, 30b, etc., tubing 46a, 46b, etc. (if used), port 34a, 34b, 134a, 134b, etc. to ensure that treatment products in containers 42a, 42b, 142a, 142b, etc.
- each treatment product has the proper feed rate according to the pre-programmed functions.
- the color or label used with each set of components e.g. pump tubing 30a
- each other set of components e.g. pump tubing 30b, 30c.
- Other visual indicators such as patterns, shapes, numbers, or writing, may also be used on these components or any combination thereof to aid in aligning a pump or other feeder with the container and manifold port to which it should be connected.
- treatment products as one or two treatment components or ingredients (single or mixtures of active ingredients with no dilution) would be packaged in neutralized form, to allow for transport of non-hazardous materials and safer handling. Because the components are individually packaged, dilution with water and high pHs would not be required to maintain solution solubility, as may be required with pre-mixed compositions. The reduction in water, caustic, and other binder also reduces shipping weight by 50% or more, significantly reducing shipping costs. This is particularly useful with certain types of treatment products. For example, polymers and phosphonates are stable at neutral pH’s (2.5 to 11 ) in high concentrations (35 to 60 % solids).
- Triazoles can be sourced in glycol solutions at 25 to 50 % solutions (propylene glycol, for example, is non-hazardous and safe for use in food plants). Phosphonates and triazoles are easily tested in the system to determine the level of treatment within the water system. Polymer might be mixed with tracers such as pyrene tetrasulfonic acid (PTSA) for on-line testing using a fluorimeter. All other components might be fed in ratio to the polymer (as an example) to achieve the desired treatment residuals. Components, such as sulfites are typical fed to boiler systems to maintain a prescribed residual based on system needs. Neutralization to a DOT non-hazardous weight might increase the weight slightly.
- PTSA pyrene tetrasulfonic acid
- triazole may be sourced as a propylene glycol solution. Additionally, a more effective triazole may be used which isn’t as easily formulated with other components (such as butyl benzyl triazole, or chlorotriazole solutions). Although minimal dilution of the treatment products is preferred, they may be diluted with water or another suitable diluent if desired.
- Example 1 Cooling Water Treatment 1 (Chem-Aqua 31155) Package size: 47.9 pounds; 5-gallons
- Triazole Triazole, 2 polymers, phosphonate, and a tracer.
- Example 2 Cooling Water Treatment 2 (Chem-Aqua 8500 MPT) Package size: 50.4 #, 5-gallons
- PLC 14 or controller 114 is connected to each pump 32, 132 and preferably to an optional conductivity meter (or other sensor) 22, and to optional sensor(s) 21.
- PLC 14 or controller 114 is also preferably connected to a separate control system for the water system, which is typically pre-existing and is used to control valves and other components of the water system, such as activating blowdown or altering make-up water addition. This allows interaction between the treatment control system 10, 110 and the water system controller, to further enhance the overall control of the water system.
- PLC 14 or controller 114 may optionally be connected to other water system sensors (already existing in the water system and not sensors 21 , 22 of system 10, 110) and such a connection is preferred if system 10, 110 does not include that particular type of sensor as a sensor 21 upstream of manifold 20, 120.
- Water system sensors may include inline fluorimeter, a pH meter, another conductivity meter (other than conductivity meter 22), water system flow meters (such as a bleed-off flow meter or a make-up water flow meter), and/or an ORP sensor or similar sensor to monitor oxidant level, to receive signals from these sensors or meters to indicate when certain treatment action should be taken according to pre-programmed functions.
- corrosion or scaling sensors may be used to adjust levels of chemical residuals to reduce corrosion or scale incidents.
- the water system controller may be (and likely already is) connected to those other sensors and meters and signals or measurements from those sensors may be sent to PLC 14 or controller 114 from the water system controller.
- PLC 14 or controller 114 also preferably has other telemetry capability (if not provided through connection to the water system controller), to send signals to remote users via text, email, or to a remote computer monitoring station, to allow a user to review current treatment system status, and verify treatment levels and chemical inventory remotely.
- PLC 14 or controller 114 may also be connected to an optional visible or audible alarm to alert users of an issue with treatment system 10, 110.
- PLC 14 or controller 114 is also preferably capable of recording treatment system data, such as pumping time, conductivity readings, pH readings, etc., and/or sending such data to a remote computer or the water system controller for recording. This helps to demonstrate compliance with treatment protocols or regulations established by trade organizations (such as Association of Water Technologies, or Cooling Tower Institute) and state or federal agencies for proper corrosion, scale, and microbial control (including legionella protocols).
- PLC 14 or controller 114 activates each pump 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, etc. or pump mechanism 132a, 132b, 132c, 132d, etc. when it is time to inject the treatment product corresponding to that pump and maintains the pump in an active state until a sufficient amount of that treatment product has been injected into the water system based on pre-programmed functions and/or pre-programmed feed rates, which will vary based on pumping rate and water system needs.
- Activation of one or more pumps 32, 132 may be based on (1 ) a pre-programmed timer function (to start and shut off each pump at predetermined time intervals to achieve the desired injection rate of treatment product); (2) a measurement from one or more water system sensors or sensors 21 (for example, if a pH measurement or fluorimeter measurement is above or below a predetermined threshold or outside of a predetermined range of values, then the feed rate of one or more treatment products (e.g. from container 42a or 142a) may be increased or decreased according to pre-programmed calculation or comparison functions); (3) make-up water feed rate; (4) bleed-off or blow-down rate; or (5) any combination thereof.
- a pump 32a or 132a may be activated or deactivated for a pre-set period of time based on a fluorimeter reading indicating a decrease in treatment level concentrations, a water meter reading indicating displacement of treated water with untreated or fresh water such that additional treatment needs to be added to the water system, or calculated system bleed rates.
- pumps 32, 132 are controlled by a combination timer functions, water system sensor measurements, measurements from sensor(s) 21 , and/or water meter measurements or a combination of measurements from multiple water system sensors/flow meters and/or sensor(s) 21.
- a pump 32a/132a may be set to pump treatment product from container 42a/142a on a timed basis, by activating the pump for one minute every hour.
- Pump 32a/132a may also be activated by PLC 14/controller 114 if a fluorimeter 21 a (or a fluorimeter in the water system) sends a signal indicating a fluorimetric measurement is below a pre- determ ined threshold value or outside of a predetermined range of values, in which case pump 32a/132a is activated again.
- Calculated time intervals for subsequent pumps (32 b-d/132b-c) may be based on the actual feed time of a first treatment component needed to achieve a desired concentration level in the water system for that component based on the fluorimeter reading and calculating ratio-based feed times for other components based on the desired concentrations of those components according to pre-programmed functions (see the example calculation below).
- the programming of PLC 14 or controller 114 may also preferably be modified remotely, to adjust various inputs such as high or low threshold values or ranges or desired concentration levels in feed rate functions, adjust time intervals, and/or adjust calculated deviation and time values.
- System 10, 110 allows the ratio of treatment components to be easily adjusted, by activating and deactivating pumps 32a-32d or altering pump rate, if the treatment requirements of the water system change, such as if the makeup water chemistry changes.
- PLC 14 or controller 114 preferably is capable of calculating treatment product feed rates for one treatment product based on a water system sensor or sensor 21 reading for another treatment product component (a primary chemical).
- a primary chemical could be controlled by fluorimetric or other means and the feed amounts for other treatment chemicals can be based off of that fluorimetric reading using ratios to calculate feed rates based on desired residual concentrations in the water system for each treatment chemical.
- a variety of functions for various water system scenarios/issues may be pre- programmed into PLC 14 or controller 114 to determine and implement real time treatment product feeds needed to achieve desired treatment levels.
- the following are example calculations that may be used as part of the programmed functions for PLC 14/controller 114 to control pumps 32a-32d/132a-132c based on a timed function, a sensor measurement function, or a flow meter function to achieve the desired concentration of a particular treatment product within the water system.
- Timed feed assumes a constant depletion of chemical and feeds at pre-set time intervals to maintain chemical level.
- Timed feed is the least accurate control system, particularly since water system demands frequently change which increases or decreases the rate of treatment chemical consumption/depletion, but is still useful in controlling treatment product feed.
- For a 100 ton cooling system at 85% efficiency, there are 1836-gallons of bleed per day.
- To maintain chemical feed of a 100-ppm dose treatment 1.53 Ibs/day of treatment must be added to the water system.
- To maintain 2.9-ppm of a polymer fed from a 50% solution would require 0.056 Ibs/day (or 31 24-ml/day) fed incrementally throughout the day.
- the feed program could be determined using a shipped, laboratory tested set of one or more water samples, and the results from these tests could be used to prescribe a feed program that would be communicated either through standard communication and input into the controller or through direct modification using remote communication.
- a primary component could be fed until the fluorimeter reading indicates the primary component has reached its target concentration.
- the time required to meet the desired level is noted and used to calculate the feed times for other treatment components, such as a triazole, based on a ratio calculation. For example, if the primary component (polymer) was fed 0.20 minutes to reach the desired fluorimeter level equivalent of a 2.9-ppm polymer residual concentration in the water system, then the feed time to achieve a residual concentration of a triazole of 4 ppm using a 40% active liquid triazole product with a specific gravity of ⁇ 1.2 is calculated as follows:
- the Triazole component would feed 0.36 minutes.
- Other treatment components could be calculated the same way and these functions programed into PLC 14 or controller 114 to allow treatment feed times to be automatically calculated and initiated. The process is periodically repeated at pre-determ ined time intervals or at pre-determ ined triggers (such as a reading of another sensor 21 or a water system sensor or meter) to recalculate the feed time for the primary component and adjust the feed times for the other components.
- PLC 14 or controller 114 preferably controls each pump 32, 132 so that treatment product components from each container 42, 142 are fed separately (not simultaneously) or sequentially, which allows for treatment delivery verification using a sensor 22, preferably a conductivity meter.
- PLC 14 is configured to receive a signal from conductivity meter 22 indicating the conductivity level of the water passing through the meter. When a treatment product is injected through manifold 20, the conductivity reading will change, which will indicate that the treatment product was injected.
- PLC 14 may send an alert to a user through text, email, an alarm, or through a message sent to the water system controller or a remote computer monitoring station that treatment system 10 needs service to correct a malfunction (such as a malfunctioning pump) or that a treatment container 42 may be empty and need replacing.
- This functionality may also be incorporated into system 110 and controller 114.
- FIG. 7 shows a chart of conductivity readings from conductivity meter 22 of equivalent dilutions of treatment components fed at 1.8 ml/minute in 3 gpm and 6 gpm slip streams through manifold 20, showing that a conductivity meter is effective at indicating whether treatment has been injected and whether the proper amount of treatment has been injected in accordance with pre- determ ined feed rate functions.
- This may be particularly beneficial in allowing treatment system users to be alerted to a potential problem and to take remedial action before the lack of treatment (or lack of sufficient treatment) actually impacts with water system.
- sequential feeding also helps avoid any inadvertent or undesired chemical interactions or incompatibilities between different treatment components.
- Separate feeding of individual treatment chemicals also provides greater flexibility in adjusting the water system treatment as needed based on changes in water chemistry, local regulations, or recommendations from consultants or engineers.
- sequential feeding refers to feeding one treatment product by itself and then feeding another treatment product by itself, etc. so that the products are not simultaneously fed.
- the sequential feeding of the second product may be immediately after the conclusion of feeding the first product (a continuous sequential feeding) or there may be a time lapse between concluding the feeding of one product and initiating the feeding of another product.
- PLC 14 or controller 114 also has treatment product inventory management capability. For example, a certain number of each container 42a, 42b, 42c, 142a, 142b, etc. containing the desired treatment products may be ordered for a particular water system. The initial amount in each container 42, 142 (e.g. 5L) and, optionally, the number of containers for each treatment product contained in the supply shipment may be programmed into PLC 14 or controller 114 (or the water system controller).
- Product inventory may be managed by PLC 14 or controller 114 tracking the amount of treatment product injected from each container 42a, 42b, 142a, 142b, etc., calculating when each treatment container 42, 142 will be emptied based on current usage level and initial amount in the container, and sending a message to a remote user or the water system controller when the available level of treatment product reaches a predetermined low-level threshold, so that the container may be replaced or more closely monitored for replacement when emptied (or substantially emptied).
- PLC 14/controller 142 may also track the number of replacement containers 42, 142 being used as compared with the number received in the last shipment of treatment product to provide a message or alert that available inventory of any given treatment product is below a predetermined low threshold, so that the supply may be re-ordered to ensure there will be sufficient replacement containers 42, 142 available when needed. A small batch of replacement containers 42, 142 for each treatment product may then be ordered as needed.
- PLC 14 or controller 114 may automatically send a replacement order to a predesignated supplier (or the replacement order may be sent by the water system controller) for any depleted or near depleted treatment product, with or without alerting a remote user that inventory is low.
- a replacement order to a predesignated supplier (or the replacement order may be sent by the water system controller) for any depleted or near depleted treatment product, with or without alerting a remote user that inventory is low.
- downstream sensor 22 is in close proximity to the downstream side of the treatment product feeders (or manifold 20) and upstream sensor(s) 21 is in close proximity to the upstream side of the treatment product feeders (or manifold 20), to facilitate ease of connection to PLC 14 and to provide protection for the sensors inside housing 12.
- treatment control system 10 may utilize pre-existing sensors in the water system for the properties measured by sensors 21 and 22.
- System 110 may also be connected to pre-existing sensors in the water system and utilize data from those sensors. Any component, feature, method, or functionality described with respect to system 10 or 110 may also be used with the other system, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
- AAP/HPA/other phosphonic acid treatment products for corrosion, white rust, and scale treatment were run to test the effectiveness of these treatment products.
- the effectiveness of the AAP/HPA/other phosphonic acid treatment products according to the invention were evaluated using spinner tests to simulate flowing water over metal components in a water system.
- Each spinner test set-up comprises a stainless steel container of water with four metal coupons (mild steel coupons (C1010) and copper coupons (CDA 11 ) were used) suspended in the water in each container from holders hanging from a rotating shaft.
- the shaft rotates the coupons in the water in the stainless steel container at 147 rotations/m in, representing a flow rate of 3-5 ft/s, depending on coupon distance from center of the rotating shaft.
- the initial volume of water used in each spinner test was characteristic of corrosive, low hardness water typically found in water systems. The water used had the characteristics shown in Table 1 below. [0069] Table 1. Low hardness, corrosive water used in Spinner test experiments
- AAP/HPA/other phosphonic acid treatment products according to preferred embodiments of the invention (Example Nos. 1 -3 including AAP, HPA, and another phosphonic acid - HEDP) without any added zinc or tin (as shown in Table 2) were compared to treatments using only zinc (Comp. Ex. 4), only tin (Comp. Ex. 5), only AAP (Comp. Ex. 6), only HPA (Comp. Ex. 7), HPA combined with tin (Comp. Ex. 8), and AAP combined with tin (Comp. Ex. 9) (all as shown in Table 3) as the primary inhibitor(s).
- the ppm concentrations of the various treatments are concentrations when added to the volume of water in the spinner test container.
- the treatments with zinc or tin were for comparison to those without.
- Zinc is typically used as corrosion inhibitor in water systems with highly corrosive water (low LSI). However its usage is undesirable due to toxicity issues and its use face regulations in some locations. Tin has been promoted and patented as a non-toxic alternative to zinc, but it is more expensive.
- all of the tests were carried out in the presence 4 ppm active AA/AMPS copolymer and 4 ppm active TTA. These ingredients were added to the water in each spinner test set-up to provide those concentration levels.
- Example 1 the AAP and HPA were separately added to the spinner test water and the other components (HDPE, AA/AMPS, TTA, caustic) were pre-mixed before adding to the spinner test water.
- Example 3 all ingredients were pre-mixed as a composition before adding to the spinner test water.
- the inhibitor was added to the water in the spinner test separately from any other ingredients, but HEDP was premixed with AA/AMPS, TTA, and caustic before adding to the water.
- the corrosion and pitting level for mild steel coupons after spinner tests in presence of different inhibitors are presented in Figure 8.
- ppm active refers to the amount of active raw material, in contrast to ppm which refers to the weight of raw material in mg/L.
- FIPA is commercially available as a 50% water solution, so adding 10 ppm raw material will provide 5 ppm active FIPA.
- FIG. 8 shows photographs of a representative mild steel coupon after each spinner test with the control and with Example Treatment Products Nos. 1 -9. The amount of corrosion and pitting on the coupons is shown in the photographs. As can be seen, the control coupons show extensive corrosion (dark areas on photographs). The coupons used with treatment products according to preferred embodiments of the invention (Ex. Nos. 2-3) show little, if any, corrosion or pitting (very few dark areas on photographs). The coupons used with Ex. No.
- Example compositions Nos. 2 and 3 compared to comparative Example treatments Nos. 4 (zinc only) and 7 (HPA only) in the presence of a stabilized bromine biocide composition (commercially available as Chem-Aqua 42171 ).
- Example treatments 4 and 7 were selected because they showed the best results in the spinner tests of the comparative examples. Both Comp. Ex. Nos. 4 and 7 perform fairly well in low LSI water, but as discussed below, significantly worse when biocide is added. Also, Comp. Ex. No.
- FIG. 9 shows photographs of a representative mild steel coupon after each spinner test with the Example Treatment Products in the presence of biocide.
- the coupons used with treatment products according to preferred embodiments of the invention show little, if any, corrosion or pitting, indicating that the functionality of preferred products according to the invention is not negatively affected by a biocide.
- the coupons used with the comparative treatment products show substantially more corrosion than with Ex. Nos. 2-3. It is noted that Comp. No. 7 was the use of HPA and HEDP, without any AAP, which showed good results without biocide, but significantly more corrosion occurred when a biocide was added.
- Corrosion rates for the mild steel coupons were also measured and calculated from weight loss of the coupons.
- the results of both the spinner tests without added biocide and with added biocide are summarized in Table 4.
- Information on corrosion mode, particularly the presence of pitting (which is important in many applications and some corrosion inhibitors, including HPA used alone, are known to be poor protectors against pitting), is also included in Table 4.
- corrosion inhibitor treatment products according to the embodiments of the invention achieve corrosion rates of 3 MPY or less for corrosion, even in the presence of a biocide.
- Sever pitting a large number of pits (> 50), usually dipper and larger
- the AAP/HPA/other phosphonic acid treatment products according to preferred embodiments of the invention contain organic phosphate from the HPA and from the other phosphonic acid used in these examples (HEDP).
- HEDP organic phosphonic acid used in these examples
- the organic phosphate is often reverted to orthophosphate, which is not as good in preventing corrosion or scale and also may cause issues with forming calcium phosphate scale.
- AAR,HRA, and HEDP or another phosphonic acid
- Example Nos. 2 and 3 which use AAP, HPA, and HEDP (and contain AA/AMPS and TTA as noted above), showed very little orthophosphate increase over the 48 hour period, but comparative Example No. 7 which contains HPA and HEDP (and contains AA/AMPS and TTA as noted above), but no AAP, showed a substantial increase.
- water treatment products as listed in Table 6 are effective at inhibiting corrosion and scale in a water system over a broad range of LSI values (- 2.5 to >3) and in the presence of a biocide.
- the percentages listed are percentages for use with a pre-mixed composition, rather than individual treatment products separately added to a water system, but preferred amounts and ratios for separate addition of each ingredient may be easily determined based on these amounts.
- Active % refers to active weight percent.
- Wt% is raw material weight percent. Most of the raw materials are aqueous solutions and contain only a certain amount of solids that is the actual chemical component.
- the amount of active (Active %) is calculated based on raw material weight percent and the amount of the chemical in the solution per the information provided by the supplier.
- NaOH and/or KOH is preferably also added to the pre-mixed composition according to an embodiment of the invention.
- any individual treatment product may be neutralized, such as through the addition of NaOH or KOH in a container 42, 142 of the treatment product, to make the treatment product non-hazardous for shipping and storage purposes.
- Comparative Examples 10, 13, and 15 use AAP, HPA, and HEDP but in amounts less than the preferred concentrations. These examples show increased corrosion (and Comp. Ex. 10 showed moderate pitting) at low levels of the inhibitors.
- Example Nos. 11 -12, 14, and 16 according to preferred embodiments of the invention show good performance (low corrosion rate and no pitting) for different optional components and varying concentrations and ratios of AAP to HPA. The examples also show that the change from HEDP to PBTC (Ex. 16) and reduction of secondary chelates does not affect the corrosion inhibition performance of treatment products according to preferred embodiments of the invention.
- Example No. 17 used AAP and HPA, without a second phosphonic acid, similar to the composition described in the ⁇ 23 patent.
- AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to the embodiments of the invention are effective in inhibiting corrosion on metal components in water systems over a broad range of LSI values, including LSI ⁇ 0, and without requiring the use of regulated toxic metals.
- the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products are also effective at higher pH values (7-9) typically found in water systems, such as cooling towers and boilers, whereas some prior art inhibitors are ineffective or their effectiveness is reduced at such pH levels (for example, a polyaspartic acid/stannous salt treatment is effective only at pH 5-7).
- the use of AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to the invention also prevent reversion of organic phosphate to orthophosphate to maintain effectiveness in the presence of a biocide.
- Other experiments using an electrochemical method were conducted to test AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to the invention for white rust prevention.
- FIG. 11 shows photographs of the galvanized coupons after the spinner tests with the treatment products described in Table 12, both before and after cleaning.
- the white deposit visible on the coupons before cleaning is white rust.
- the damage of the galvanized layer due to corrosion, shown as dark spots, is visible on the coupons after cleaning.
- the blank (Comp. Ex. 22 - No Treatment) coupon was completely covered in white deposit and after cleaning most of the galvanized layer was removed with visible mild steel corrosion.
- the coupon treated with HPA and HEDP without an amino-acid based polymer (Comp. Ex.
- a preferred pre-mixed composition for treating white rust according to the invention comprises 2-15% amino-acid based polymer, 0-10% HPA, and 0-10% of a second phosphonic acid.
- the amount of active amino-acid based polymer in a treatment product according to the invention is at least 3ppm, more preferably 3 ppm - 50 ppm, and most preferably 5 ppm - 30 ppm, all as initial concentrations when added to the volume of water in the water system being treated.
- the AAP is used in conjunction with HPA in an amount of at least 3 ppm, more preferably from 3 ppm - 50 ppm, and most preferably from about 3 ppm - 20 ppm and/or another phosphonic acid in an amount of at least 2 ppm more preferably from 2 ppm- 20 ppm, and most preferably from about 2 ppm - 10 ppm.
- hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid for treating white rust according to the invention, it is preferred to use both hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid and an amino-acid based polymer, and more preferably in conjunction with a second phosphonic acid, in the weight range amounts indicated above, but it has also been found that the use of an amino-acid based polymer or hydroxyphosphonoacetic without the other is beneficial at inhibiting white rust.
- a pilot cooling tower scale test using AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products was also conducted to test the ability to inhibit scale formation in high LSI water (LSI >1 ).
- the objective of the cooling tower scale test was to determine the number of cycles at which the tower can operate without scaling and the LSI limit of treatment in typical water with scaling characteristics as it cycles up.
- the cooling tower pilot test used 4 heat transfer surface rods and a DATS (Deposit Accumulation Testing System) operating at 800 Watts.
- the number of cycles of concentration (COC) is calculated as the ratio of concentration of any ions in the cooling tower water to the concentration of the same ion in makeup (starting) water. Conductivity ratio can also be used to calculate COC.
- the COC in a cooling tower is maintained at a certain level by measuring water conductivity, bleeding the system when conductivity increases over a set limit and adding more makeup water.
- the initial volume of water used in the cooling tower pilot test was characteristic of high LSI water having 100 ppm alkalinity as CaC03 and 100 ppm calcium hardness as CaC03 typically found in cooling tower water systems. The water used had the characteristics shown in Table 12 below.
- the LSI limit (the LSI measurement at which scale will form) can also be determined by monitoring changes in water chemistry, water turbidity and visually by observing scale formation.
- a pre-mixed AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid composition according to Table 6 at a concentration of 100 ppm was found to increase the operational limit of cooling tower to 6 COC and LSI of 3.2 based on HTR and water chemistry data.
- the pilot cooling tower was operated for 7 days before scale began forming. The test was started with high scaling water, LSI around 1 , and was cycled up to 6 COC, which increased LSI to 3.2 before scale began to form.
- a typical prior art scale treatment such as Chem- Aqua 31 155 (which contains PBTC, sodium tolytriazole, sodium polyacrylate, polymaleic acid (sodium salt) and sodium hydroxide), at the same 100 ppm concentration allows to operate cooling tower only 3 COC that is at LSI limit of only 2.6. Even at double the treatment concentration (200 ppm) of Chem-Aqua 31 155, the COC in cooling tower can only be increased to 3.4, with LSI limit of 2.85, which is well under the COC increase and LSI limit achieved using a preferred embodiment of the treatment products of the invention.
- AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products according to the invention as described above are contained in containers 42a, 42b, 42c (with any other optional or other treatment products in additional containers 42) of delivery and control system 10.
- System 10 adds each of these treatment products to the water system at an effective feed rate.
- one or more of the AAP, HPA, and another phosphonic acid as described above are fed into the water simultaneously or substantially simultaneously at an effective total feed rate of 20ppm - 600 ppm, or more preferably 100 - 300ppm, depending on the treated water chemistry and the amount of optional components also added.
- a sufficient amount of is the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products are added by system 10 to the water system to provide effective active amounts of one or more of the three treatment components (depending on whether white rust is being treated or both corrosion and white rust) of at least 3 ppm AAP, at least 3 ppm HPA, and at least 2 ppm of another phosphonic acid, each as initial concentrations when added to the volume of water in the water system being treated.
- the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products are added by system 10 in sufficient amounts to provide effective active amounts one or more of the components of between 3 ppm - 50 ppm AAP, between 3pm - 50 ppm HPA, and between 2 ppm - 20 ppm of another phosphonic acid when added to the water in the water system.
- these effective active amounts are 5ppm - 30 ppm AAP, 3 ppm - 20 ppm HPA, and 2 ppm - 10 ppm other phosphonic acid when added to the water in the water system.
- HPA For treating white rust, the use of HPA is optional, so system 10 may not include a container 42 of HPA or may include a container 42 of HPA but be programmed to not add it to the water system each time AAP is added, only added AAP in amounts sufficient to provide the above concentration ranges of AAP in the water of the water system being treated.
- one or more of the AAP, HPA, and another phosphonic acid as described above are fed into the water by system 10 simultaneously or substantially simultaneously at an effective total feed rate of 20ppm - 600 ppm, or more preferably 50 - 300ppm, depending on the treated water chemistry and the amount of optional components that may be added along with the AAP/HPA/other phosphonic acid treatment products.
- a sufficient amount of AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products are added to the water system to provide effective active amounts of one or more of the three treatment components of at least 2 ppm AAP, at least 2 ppm HPA, and at least 1.5 ppm of another phosphonic acid, each as initial concentrations when added to the volume of water in the water system being treated. More preferably, the treatment products are added in a sufficient amount to provide effective active amounts of the three treatment components of 2 ppm - 50 ppm AAP, 2 ppm - 50 ppm HPA, and 1.5 ppm - 20 ppm of another phosphonic acid, each as initial concentrations when added to the volume of water in the water system being treated.
- the treatment products are added by system 10 in a sufficient amount to provide effective active amounts of the three components of between 3 ppm - 30 ppm AAP, between 2pm - 20 ppm HPA, and between 1.5 ppm - 10 ppm of another phosphonic acid when added to the water in the water system
- a fluorescent tracer is included with one of the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products so that the level of that treatment product in the water system can be measured and monitored.
- a fluorescent tracer may also be a separate treatment product in its own container 42 added simultaneously with one or more of the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products. Additional amounts of the AAP/HPA/phosphonic acid treatment products are added to the water system as needed, based on the tracer measurements, to maintain an effective amount of treatment within the water system.
- references herein to calculating or measuring a value, parameter, or property and the like are intended to include any form of direct measurement, converting data or a signal, making a calculation based on one or more data points or signals, or otherwise comparing, interpreting, correlating, or manipulating one or more data points or signals.
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US15/908,163 US11104587B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2018-02-28 | System and method for automated control, feed, delivery verification, and inventory management of corrosion and scale treatment products for water systems |
PCT/US2019/014462 WO2019168607A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-01-22 | System and method for automated control, feed, delivery verification, and inventory management of corrosion and scale treatment products for water systems |
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US4648043A (en) * | 1984-05-07 | 1987-03-03 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Computerized system for feeding chemicals into water treatment system |
US4659459A (en) | 1985-07-18 | 1987-04-21 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Automated systems for introducing chemicals into water or other liquid treatment systems |
US5294916A (en) | 1992-01-23 | 1994-03-15 | Autotrol Corp. | Water treatment controller for an evaporative condenser |
DE4408478A1 (en) | 1994-03-14 | 1995-09-21 | Bayer Ag | Water treatment agents |
US5407597A (en) | 1994-04-22 | 1995-04-18 | Fremont Industries, Inc. | Galvanized metal corrosion inhibitor |
US6183649B1 (en) | 1998-10-07 | 2001-02-06 | Michael W. Fontana | Method for treating water circulating systems |
US6468470B1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2002-10-22 | Fremont Industries, Inc. | Galvanized metal corrosion inhibitor |
US6402957B1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2002-06-11 | Seh America, Inc. | Bromine biocide removal |
US7178742B2 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2007-02-20 | Lear Corporation | Fluid delivery system for spray applicator |
US20070152355A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-05 | Hartley John D | Cylindrical insert fluid injector / vacuum pump |
US9707520B2 (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2017-07-18 | Nch Corporation | Composition, system, and method for treating water systems |
WO2014155147A2 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2014-10-02 | Nch Corporation | Composition, system, and method for treating water systems |
US20130233796A1 (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-12 | Narasimha M. Rao | Treatment of industrial water systems |
JP6038318B2 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2016-12-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Water treatment system and method, cooling facility, power generation facility |
US10351453B2 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-07-16 | Nch Corporation | Composition and method for inhibiting corrosion |
US11085118B2 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2021-08-10 | Nch Corporation | Composition and method for inhibiting corrosion and scale |
US9834452B1 (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-12-05 | Performance Chemical Company | Automated water treatment trailer for processing multiple fluids simultaneously |
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