EP3752658A1 - Hard material layer on metal substrate - Google Patents
Hard material layer on metal substrateInfo
- Publication number
- EP3752658A1 EP3752658A1 EP19706475.1A EP19706475A EP3752658A1 EP 3752658 A1 EP3752658 A1 EP 3752658A1 EP 19706475 A EP19706475 A EP 19706475A EP 3752658 A1 EP3752658 A1 EP 3752658A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- material layer
- hard material
- chain
- mass concentration
- transmitting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 124
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 13
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001336 glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;chromium Chemical compound N.[Cr] SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 chromium nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/048—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with layers graded in composition or physical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G13/00—Chains
- F16G13/02—Driving-chains
- F16G13/06—Driving-chains with links connected by parallel driving-pins with or without rollers so called open links
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G13/00—Chains
- F16G13/18—Chains having special overall characteristics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
Definitions
- the invention relates to a chain component of a chain for transmitting a force coated with a hard material layer comprising a steel-based substrate and a hard material layer on an outside of the steel-based substrate, the hard material layer containing metal nitrides, and the metal carbide content in the hard material layer in the direction decreases to the outside of the component.
- Link chains each with a chain link interconnected chain links are in various forms in use.
- the area of the chain links is stressed so much that there is a need for a wear-resistant bearing surface.
- it is useful, in particular with regard to high volumes, to replace expensive solutions with cost-effective coating methods and processes.
- DE 10 2005 047 449 A1 presents a wear-improved link chain whose chain pins or chain sleeves are provided with hard material coatings. These coatings are applied by PVD (PVD: Physical Vapor Deposition).
- the hard material layer has a thickness of 1 to 10 ⁇ m and may further be coated with a sliding layer, e.g. PTFE, be surrounded.
- the document DE 10 2006 052 869 A1 describes a link chain whose joint surface of the bolt and the sleeve is provided with a PVD hard material layer.
- bolt and sleeve made of a high-carbon steel with a carbon content between 0.4 wt .-% and 1, 2 wt .-%.
- DE 10 2011 006 294 A1 presents a method for producing a hardened coated metal component.
- the metal component is heat treated to enrich carbon and / or nitrogen in the surface layer and then quenched to a temperature below that of martensite formation. Then, the metal component is tempered to a higher temperature than the temperature at which the subsequent coating process takes place.
- the coating itself is carried out by CVD or PVD (CVD: Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- DE 10 2016 215 709 A1 shows chain components such as sleeves, lugs, bolts and rollers made of steel, which are provided with a wear-reducing CrN layer.
- the CrN layer is produced by a CVD method.
- the nitrogen is obtained from the optionally nitrided steel before the treatment.
- a joint for a roller or sleeve chain is presented in WO 2014019699 A1.
- a nitridic or carbide hard coating is applied to the joint by PVD or CVD techniques.
- PVD processes require a working pressure of 10-4 to 10 Pa and are operated at operating temperatures of several hundred ° C, depending on the type of coating. PVD processes thus place high demands on the coating chamber. In addition, they are not suitable for bulk goods.
- Substrate and material to be deposited (target) are spatially separated in the coating chamber. PVD methods are so-called visual line processes, ie only those visible from the target Surfaces are coated. Internal surfaces or holes are thinner coated. In the case of the powder processes, on the other hand, there is the problem that the diffusion of carbon into the hard material layer leads to the formation of carbides.
- nitrides and in particular chromium nitride, promises significantly better service life of the component during operation in terms of wear, it is necessary to avoid the formation of nitrides, especially in the near-surface regions. This achieves the solutions presented in the prior art in any way.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a device according to claim 1.
- the chain component according to the invention of a chain for transmitting a force is coated with a hard material layer.
- the chain component comprises a steel-based substrate and a hard material layer on an outside of the substrate.
- the hard material layer has an interface with the substrate and an outer surface opposite the interface. It is designed to have metal nitrides.
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- the hard material layer also increases the corrosion resistance.
- carbon-containing steels may be suitable as a substrate, since these steels have sufficient strength and tempering resistance.
- the hard material layer can be made of both metallic and non-metallic Hard materials exist. Suitable metallic hard materials are all carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, borides and silicides of the transition metals, for example chromium, tungsten, zirconium, titanium.
- Diamond and DLC Diamond Like Carbon
- boron carbide cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide or aluminum nitride are suitable as non-metallic hard materials.
- metallic nitride formers in particular chromium nitride (CrN)
- CrN chromium nitride
- Chromium nitride is available and inexpensive compared to other metallic and non-metallic hard materials.
- chromium nitride can be easily produced in a CVD coating system and, with good adhesion to the substrate, produces a thin layer of hard material with a layer thickness of at least 1 to 5 ⁇ m with high wear resistance.
- the CVD method offers advantages over the PVD method known from the prior art for producing a hard material layer.
- the CVD process is bulk material-compatible with respect to the PVD process and offers economic advantages in terms of plant engineering, operation and process technology: the substrate to be coated is mixed with the nitrogen-containing powder in a rotary drum, for example. The coating process takes several hours at a given
- the coated substrate is cooled.
- the substrate and the material to be deposited are disadvantageously spatially separated.
- the coating is carried out by evaporating the material to be deposited
- the hard material layer is designed so that it consists essentially of CrN. It has on the surface of the component an outer side (outer side) and an inner side in contact with the substrate.
- the carbon diffuses out of the steel into the hard material layer at the high process temperatures, where it forms compounds of metals and carbon, so-called metal carbides.
- metals lie in the hard material layer essentially chromium (Cr), which comes from the nitrogen-containing powder, and iron (Fe) from the substrate or the nitrogen-containing powder.
- the content of the metal carbides was determined by the Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD-OES) method.
- the hard material layer is formed such that the metal carbide content on the outside of the hard material layer is lower than on the inside.
- the wear resistance of the chain component according to the invention and thus the service life is significantly increased.
- the hard material layer has on its outer side a significantly higher metal nitride content, which leads to an improvement in the wear resistance compared to a hard material layer of metal carbides.
- the mass concentration of the nitrogen on the outer surface of the hard material layer is greater than the mass concentration of the carbon.
- the ratio of the mass concentrations of nitrogen to carbon is greater than 3: 1, more preferably greater than 5: 1.
- the metal carbide content increases in the hard material layer in a region close to the substrate in the direction of the outside of the hard material layer.
- the metal carbide content has a maximum in the hard material layer.
- the distance of the maximum of the metal carbide content in the hard material layer to the outside of the hard material layer is smaller than the distance of the maximum of the metal carbide content in the hard material layer to the boundary between the hard material layer and the substrate.
- the amount of the slope of the metal carbide content in the hard material layer in a region close to the substrate is higher than the amount of the slope in a region of the decreasing metal carbide content.
- the metal carbide content sharply increases in a region near the substrate. As a result, a large part of the carbon available in the hard material layer is bound in a large depth of the hard material layer.
- the mass concentration of nitrogen (N) in the hard material layer increases in the direction of the outside of the hard material layer.
- the outside of the hard material layer thus has a higher proportion of metal nitride than deeper regions.
- the slope of the metal nitride content in the hard material layer in a region close to the substrate is higher than the slope of the metal nitride content in a region near the outside of the hard material layer.
- the metal nitride content of the hard material layer therefore has a maximum value near the surface of the substrate.
- the mean metal nitride content in the hard material layer is greater than the average metal carbide content in the hard material layer.
- the mean metal nitride content in the hard material layer is greater than the mean metal carbide content in the hard material layer by a factor of 2, preferably by a factor of 3 and more preferably by a factor of 4. This design ensures that the hard material layer is built up to a large extent from metal nitride.
- the average metal nitride content in the near-surface region of the hard material layer is greater in every depth than the average metal carbide content in the hard material layer.
- carbon of the carbonaceous steel substrate accumulates. This carbon enrichment leads to the formation of metal carbides.
- the near-surface region comprises a depth of up to 50% of the layer thickness, preferably 65% of the layer thickness and particularly preferably up to 80% of the layer thickness.
- the average mass concentration of chromium (Cr) in the hard material layer is greater than the average mass concentration of iron (Fe) in the hard material layer.
- Cr is predominantly incorporated into the hard material layer by the coating process, e.g. by a Cr, Fe-containing powder during the CVD process.
- the average Cr mass concentration in the hard material layer is by a factor of 2, preferably by a factor of 4 and especially preferably by a factor of 6 greater than the average Fe mass concentration in the hard material layer.
- small amounts of Fe are sufficient in the hard material layer.
- the average Cr mass concentration in the near-surface region of the hard material layer at each depth is greater than the mean Fe mass concentration in the hard material layer.
- the near-surface region comprises a depth of up to 50% of the layer thickness, preferably 65% of the layer thickness and particularly preferably up to 80% of the layer thickness.
- Fig. 1 Structure of a chain for use in chain drives
- Fig. 2 Cross-section of a hard material layer on a bolt
- Fig. 3 Depth profile analysis of the sample 1 for the elements Fe, Cr, N and C.
- Fig. 4 depth profile analysis of the sample 2 for the elements Fe, Cr, N and C.
- Fig. 1 shows two chain links of a chain 10, which can be used for example in chain drives.
- the chain 10 is designed as a sleeve chain, each connected via a chain link inner chain links and outer chain links.
- the inner chain link in this case consists of two parallel inner flaps 13 and two sleeves 12 interconnecting the inner flaps 13, the sleeves 12 being perpendicular to the inner flaps 13.
- the outer chain links 14 consist of two parallel outer plates 14, which are connected to each other with two bolts 11, wherein the bolts 11 are rotatably mounted in the sleeves 12 of the inner chain links 13.
- the outer chain link 14 is rotatably attached to an adjacent inner chain link 13 by the bolt 11 and connects the inner link 13 to a second inner link 13 through the outer links 14, the outer links 14 being parallel to the inner links 13.
- the bolts 1 1 of the outer chain link 14 are rotatably mounted in the sleeves 12 of the inner chain link 13, whereby the connection in each case forms a chain link of the chain 10.
- the bolts 1 1 of the chain 10 are made entirely of a carbon-containing steel, wherein the joint surface of the bolt 11 is provided with a deposited in a CVD process CrN hard material layer.
- the sleeve 12 may be made of a carbonaceous material and be provided on its articular surface or the bearing surface with a CVD hard material layer.
- Fig. 2a shows schematically in cross section a hard material layer 6 on a steel-based pin 11.
- the hard material layer 6 is designed to substantially comprise metal nitrides. By using carbon-containing steels as the substrate 11, at the high process temperatures, the carbon diffuses out of the steel into the hard material layer 6 and forms metal carbides there. Nitrides, in particular chromium nitride, however, have a significantly better wear resistance than carbides.
- the hard material layer 6 is formed such that the metal carbide content on the outside of the hard material layer 6 is lower than on the inside.
- the metals in the hard material layer 6 are essentially chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe).
- the hard material layer 6 therefore comprises predominantly chromium nitride.
- a hard material layer 6, which has an intermediate layer 7, is shown schematically in FIG. 2b.
- the outer portion of the hard material layer 6 is formed to substantially comprise metal nitrides.
- the metals, Cr and Fe are derived from the nitrogenous powder and are incorporated into the hard material layer 6 during the coating process.
- the intermediate layer 7 essentially comprises metal carbides, CrC and FeC.
- the concentration profiles of two different chain components according to the invention are presented, which were each coated with a hard material layer by CVD method.
- the samples are bolts 1 1 made of a nitrided steel 40CrMoV13-9.
- the layers essentially have chromium nitrides and carbides, the layer thicknesses are around 10 pm.
- the concentration profiles of the two samples were determined by the Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD-OES) method.
- the metallic samples are used as a cathode in a DC plasma. Starting from the surface, the sample is gradually removed by sputtering with argon ions, the sample layer by layer. The ablated atoms pass through diffusion into the plasma. Excited by collision processes, these photons emit characteristic wavelengths, which are recorded by means of a downstream spectrometer and then quantified.
- FIG. 3 shows the concentration profile of sample 1.
- the mixture was first heated from 0 to 960.degree. C. for about 1 hour.
- the hold time was 6 hours and then it was cooled slowly (about 10 hours) to 200 ° C.
- the reactor was purged with nitrogen.
- the horizontal axis indicates the depth, for better intuition in logarithmic scaling.
- the vertical axis also shows the mass concentration for relative clarity in terms of clarity. 100% on the vertical axis corresponds to a mass concentration of the elements Fe and Cr of 100%, of N 20% and of C 5%. While nitrogen is essentially in the form of metal nitrides, the carbon is essentially in the form of metal carbides.
- the Fe mass concentration is in the range of 0 to 7.5 mhh constant near 0%. From 8 mhh the Fe mass concentration increases to 5%. In the lower 10 mhh range, the Fe mass concentration increases strongly to 90% to 27 mh ⁇ . From a depth greater than 27 mhh, the Fe mass concentration increases constantly with a slight slope to 92% at 50 mh ⁇ . As a result, hardly any Fe-containing carbides or nitrides are present in the hard material layer.
- the Cr mass concentration increases constantly in the range of 0 to 7.5 mhh from 86% at 0 mhh to 88% at 7.5 mh ⁇ . From a depth of 7.5 mhh, the Cr mass concentration drops sharply to a value of 10% up to 25 mhh.
- the course of the Cr mass concentration is the Fe mass concentration are opposite and confirm the layer thickness of the hard material layer 6 of 10 mh ⁇ . From a depth of 25 mhh, the Cr mass concentration drops to a value of 5% at a depth of 50 mh ⁇ .
- the significantly higher values of the Cr mass concentration show that in the hard material layer essentially Cr-containing carbides and nitrides are present.
- the N mass concentration has a value of 10.8% at 0 mhh and drops to a value of 6% at 7.5 mh ⁇ .
- the decrease of the mass concentration is not constant, at a depth of 2.5 mhh an increase of the N mass concentration to 9.4% can be seen.
- the N mass concentration rises sharply to a maximum value of 15.6% at 10 mh ⁇ .
- the N mass concentration drops sharply to a value of 2% at 25 mh ⁇ .
- the carbide content near the surface of the hard material layer at 0 mhh has a very small value and increases in one flat slope to double at 2.5 pm. From a depth of 2.5 ⁇ m, the C content then rises sharply to a maximum value of approximately 4 times the value at the surface of the hard material layer at 7.5 ⁇ m. In a third range from a depth of 7.5 pm, the carbide content then drops again very sharply and reaches a value below the value at the hard material layer surface at 25 ⁇ m.
- the nitride content continuously decreases to a depth of 7.5 ⁇ m, while in the same range the carbide content continuously increases.
- the hard material layer 6 therefore has essentially CrN on its surface, the CrC content is at a depth of 7.5 ⁇ m while the CrN content at the same position has a minimum.
- FIG. 4 shows the concentration profile of the sample 2, in which an intermediate layer consisting essentially of CrC was incorporated into the hard material layer.
- the mixture was heated from 0 to 950 ° C for approx. 45 min.
- the holding time was 7 h and then was cooled slowly (about 10 h) to 200 ° C.
- the reactor was purged with nitrogen.
- the horizontal axis indicates the depth, also in logarithmic scale.
- the vertical axis shows the mass concentration in relative scale. 100% on the vertical axis corresponds to a mass concentration of the elements Fe and Cr of 100%, of N 20% and of C 5%.
- the Fe mass concentration is in the range of 0 to 3 pm constant near 0%. From 3 pm the Fe mass concentration increases to 5%. In the range below 8 pm the Fe Mass concentration strong at 88% to 27 mh ⁇ . From a depth greater than 27 mhi, the Fe mass concentration increases constantly with a slight slope to 90% at 50 mh ⁇ . Accordingly, neither the hard material layer nor the intermediate layer contains substantial amounts of Fe carbide or Fe nitride.
- the Cr mass concentration is at a depth of 0 mhh at 81%, to drop slightly to a value of 78% at a depth of 2 mhh. From a depth of 2 mhh, the Cr mass concentration increases to the maximum value of 85% at a depth of 3 mh ⁇ . The Cr mass concentration decreases from a depth of 3 mhh to a value of 75% at a depth of 8 mh ⁇ . However, the fluctuations in this area of the hard material layer are within the range of the measurement tolerance, so that a nearly constant Cr mass concentration can be assumed here. From a depth of 8 mhh, the Cr mass concentration drops sharply to a value of 5% up to 25 mhh.
- the hard material layer thus has a layer thickness of at least 8 mhh.
- the N mass concentration has a value of 9.8% at 0 mhh, and at a depth of 2 mhh the N mass concentration of 9.4% is almost identical. From a depth of 2 mhh, the N mass concentration drops to a value of 4.4% at a depth of 4 mh ⁇ . Then the N mass concentration rises sharply to the maximum value of 17.6% at a depth of 8 mh ⁇ . At a depth of 12 mhh, the N mass concentration drops sharply to a value of 2% at 25 mh ⁇ .
- the nitride content is therefore almost constant up to a depth of about 2 mhh and then drops to a depth of about 4 mhh to about half of the nitride content at the surface.
- the nitride content rises to its maximum value in the hard material layer at a depth of approximately 8mhi and then drops to a value of nearly 0 at a depth of 25 mhh.
- the thickness of the layer is therefore about 12 mh ⁇ .
- the C mass concentration has a value of 2.5% at 0 mhh and rises to a value of 2.6% at 2 mh ⁇ . From a depth of 2 mhh, the C mass concentration rises sharply to a maximum value of 3.75% at 4 mh ⁇ . From a depth of 4 mhh, the C Mass concentration sharply to a value of 0.35% at 15 pm.
- the carbide content is thus nearly constant up to a depth of about 2 pm and then increases to a depth of about 4 pm to about twice the carbide content at the surface. From there, the carbide content drops to a value of nearly 0 at a depth of 15 pm.
- the N mass concentration decreases from 9.8% at the surface of the hard material layer 6 to 4.4% at a depth of 4 ⁇ m, in the same range the C mass concentration of 2.5% at the surface of the hard material layer 6 changes to its Maximum value of 3.75% at 4 pm.
- the N mass concentration has a relative minimum, the C mass concentration has its maximum, while the Cr mass concentration at this depth of 4 pm is 85%.
- metal nitrides and carbides, here CrN and CrC are present as intermediate layer 7 in approximately the same mass concentration.
- the N mass concentration and C mass concentration or the nitride content and the carbide content have an opposite gradient, ie the mass concentration of CrN increases again at a greater depth of the hard material layer 6.
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Abstract
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DE102018103323.0A DE102018103323A1 (en) | 2018-02-14 | 2018-02-14 | Hard material layer on metal substrate |
PCT/EP2019/053749 WO2019158670A1 (en) | 2018-02-14 | 2019-02-14 | Hard material layer on metal substrate |
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US4818351A (en) * | 1986-07-30 | 1989-04-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Method for the surface treatment of an iron or iron alloy article |
US5865021A (en) * | 1997-08-25 | 1999-02-02 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Coated roller chain pin |
JP2003301889A (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-24 | Tsubakimoto Chain Co | Antifriction chain |
JP2003301888A (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2003-10-24 | Tsubakimoto Chain Co | Silent chain |
DE102005047449B8 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2015-03-26 | JOH. WINKLHOFER & SÖHNE GMBH & Co. KG | Wear-optimized link chain and method for its production |
DE102006052869B4 (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2020-10-01 | JOH. WINKLHOFER & SÖHNE GMBH & Co. KG | PVD hard material coating of chain link parts |
JP5378715B2 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2013-12-25 | エア・ウォーターNv株式会社 | Steel surface treatment method and surface treatment apparatus |
JP2010222649A (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-10-07 | Ryukoku Univ | Production method of carbon steel material and carbon steel material |
DE102011006294B4 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Process for producing a hardened, coated metal component |
EP2839907B1 (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2018-10-03 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. | Surface-coated cutting tool |
US9657810B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2017-05-23 | Iwis Motorsysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Friction- and wear-reducing joint for a bush chain or roller chain |
DE102012217028A1 (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | chain element |
JP6010508B2 (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2016-10-19 | ボーグワーナー インコーポレーテッド | Manufacturing method of sliding member, manufacturing method of chain link, and manufacturing method of chain provided with the link |
JP5608280B1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-10-15 | 大同工業株式会社 | Chain bearing, its manufacturing method, and chain using the same |
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DE102013222244A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2015-04-30 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Chain link and method for the production of link plates |
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US20210102297A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
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