EP3746711B1 - A method, system and a heat exchanger for heating subareas of apartments in buildings, such as a bathroom of an apartment - Google Patents

A method, system and a heat exchanger for heating subareas of apartments in buildings, such as a bathroom of an apartment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3746711B1
EP3746711B1 EP19712247.6A EP19712247A EP3746711B1 EP 3746711 B1 EP3746711 B1 EP 3746711B1 EP 19712247 A EP19712247 A EP 19712247A EP 3746711 B1 EP3746711 B1 EP 3746711B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
circulation loop
water circulation
domestic
heating
Prior art date
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Application number
EP19712247.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3746711A1 (en
Inventor
Timo Holopainen
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from FI20185083A external-priority patent/FI20185083A1/fi
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0078—Recirculation systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically

Definitions

  • a separate heating device cannot be connected to a domestic water circulation pipe system, in which the temperature falls below 55°C. For this reason, underfloor heating, for example, cannot be connected to a domestic hot water circulation loop in a traditional way. Because of various difficulties, floor heating of subareas, such as bathrooms, has been implemented with electricity despite demands for improving energy efficiency and reducing consumption of primary energy.
  • Patent publication WO 02/12125 A2 presents a water purification system with a feedback connection to a heat exchanger, where cold water entering a water heater is preheated with hot water exiting the water heater.
  • Patent publication DE 10 2015 004999 A1 presents a supply of decentralized heat exchanger stations for drinking water heating for use in a block of flats.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a simple and safe method and system for correcting defects detected in prior art systems.
  • the characteristic features of the invention are set forth in Claims 1 and 2.
  • the heating of each room is performed using the heating energy of domestic water.
  • the subarea has a dedicated local water circulation loop, which transfers heating energy from the domestic hot water circulation loop to this local loop using a heat exchanger located in the subarea.
  • the preferred heat exchanger is arranged between the domestic water circulation loop and the local water circulation loop for transferring heating energy from the domestic water circulation system to the local water circulation loop.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a coaxial pipe construction having at least one elongated jacket pipe, closed with end caps, and an inner pipe placed longitudinally inside it, wherein one water circulation loop is arranged within the inner pipe and another one to flow in the jacket space of the jacket pipe based on the counter-current principle and where the heat exchanger is arranged for a domestic water flow of 0.5-10 L/min and for a local circulation flow of 0.5-5 L/min to produce water at 25-40°C for the local circulation from domestic water at 55-60°C.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention operates with an exceptionally high terminal temperature difference, 20-35°C.
  • the counter-current principle is generally used; however, it is not critical here, since the temperature decrease of domestic water is small (1-3°C).
  • the invention by using a secondary network and a correctly dimensioned low-output heat exchanger, it is possible to safely control the heating power of the room by controlling the flow of the secondary side, and the dimensioning of the heat exchanger will limit the maximum output.
  • the domestic water circulation is always the same, and when reducing the heating power of the room, the return water temperature of the circulation line increases.
  • a typical application includes a domestic hot water circulation loop for supplying hot water to points of use at a pre-set temperature and equipment (22) for heating a subarea with domestic water, where the system further includes a closed local water circulation loop located in each subarea complete with pumps, a heat exchanger between the domestic water circulation loop and the local water circulation loop for transferring heating energy to the local water circulation loop, and heat supply equipment placed in the subarea for supplying heat energy to the subarea from the local water circulation loop.
  • An underfloor heating circuit is an advantageous heat supplier due to a low supply temperature required.
  • reference number 18 shows heating equipment for domestic water supply of a building connected to a district heating network.
  • the heat exchanger with related control equipment is otherwise conventional except that the domestic hot water circulation loop is designed for a higher heat supply. This means either a higher flow rate or a larger temperature difference in the circulation loop.
  • the temperature difference in the domestic hot water circulation loop is 3°C (58°C minus 55°C).
  • a temperature difference of 5°C (60°C minus 55°C) or correspondingly, a higher flow rate is used in the domestic hot water circulation system (particularly in detached houses).
  • the invention enables the connection of heating and drying of washrooms to a domestic hot water circulation system without risks that are present in known solutions.
  • the heat supply includes the heating power necessary for the heating and drying of washrooms (10-40 W/m 2 , preferably 15-25 W/m 2 ).
  • District heating equipment includes a heat volume measuring device 30, which is used to measure the consumption of energy of heat supply of a domestic hot water circulation system.
  • the consumption of domestic hot water does not interfere with this measurement, since the flow measurement is placed on the circulation return side.
  • the consumption of domestic hot water is measured at the cold water supply pipe of the building's domestic water exchanger.
  • FIG 1 illustrates conventional water feeds of apartments, such as a shower, handbasin and toilet pan.
  • the heating and/or drying of washrooms is performed with a heat exchanger-local heating circuit connected to the domestic hot water circulation system.
  • the domestic hot water pipe has an auxiliary shutoff valve 14 (before the heat exchanger) and a control and shutoff valve of the circulation line is placed after the heat exchanger.
  • Water measurement of domestic hot water is placed after the connection point of the heat exchanger in the flow direction.
  • the heat exchanger unit 10 is described below in detail ( Figures 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 ).
  • the heat supplier of each washroom is a water-circulation drying radiator.
  • the heat supplier of each washroom is a water-circulation underfloor heating system, where the heating power of underfloor heating can be controlled with a thermostatic return water valve known as such (temperature limiter 20).
  • the heat exchanger unit 10 of Figure 3 includes a heat exchanger 15, a pump 19, a 3-way control valve 17 and the necessary connections. Domestic water pipes are connected to the connections 11a and 11b via maintenance shutoff valves.
  • the design of the heat exchanger 15 is extremely simple. Circulation water that performs the heating runs at a constant flow to the domestic water piping in a pipe 11c of an approved type (pressure class 10 bar). Water to be heated for the local circuit circulates in the jacket of the heat exchanger 15, connected to connections 15.3 and 15.4.
  • the heat exchanger operates according to the counter-current principle. When a lower output is desired, the co-current principle is applied. When more efficient heat transfer is needed (smaller size or higher output), the inner pipe is equipped with an external fin construction.
  • Figure 3 shows a filling connection 21 and a venting connection 23.
  • the filling pressure or the static pressure of the secondary circuit (rated value 0.5 bar at 20°C) can be measured at the filling connection of the secondary circuit.
  • Expansion and safety devices 24 and 26 of the secondary circuit are connected to the filling pipe.
  • the working pressure of a domestic water network is typically in the range of 3-5 bar; however, 10 bar is applied as design pressure in Finland.
  • the heat exchanger is arranged for a domestic water flow of 0.5-10 L/min and for a local circulation flow of 0.1-5 L/min to produce water at 25-40°C for the local circulation from domestic water at 55-60°C.
  • a short sleeve 15.6 is provided at the ends of the heat exchanger 10 between the jacket pipe 15 and the inner pipe 11c placing the central pipe 11c in a coaxial position.
  • the shape of the cylindrical jacket differs suitably from a tubular and symmetric shape, automatically imparting elasticity.
  • the cylinder should be slightly flattened in its cross-section to form an elliptical shape rather than curving the entire pipe. If this is done industrially, the construction would become controllably flexible. Then, it is up to the construction technology to ensure elasticity of the construction in long-term use. A safety valve can secure exceptional extreme conditions.
  • Low elasticity required in the secondary circuit is provided with deformations of the jacket construction.
  • An elastic element can be used in the end connections 15.1 and 15.2.
  • the end and the jacket can be arranged for a sufficient deformation.
  • the required deformation is small. If desired, it is possible to use a known expansion element.
  • the output of the circulation water pump of the local loop is small.
  • the power requirement of the pump is 7 W.
  • the energy transmission of the heat exchanger 10 and thus of the heat supply is arranged in the range of 200-500 W in a block of flats and a terrace house and in the range of 300-800 W in a detached house.
  • the length of the shell 15 is 250-1500 mm, preferably 300-700 mm.
  • the diameter of the inner pipe is preferably 12-18 mm and the diameter of the outer pipe is 22-35 mm in a terrace house and a block of flats.
  • the diameter of the inner pipe is 15-24 mm in a detached house.
  • the shortcut branch of the secondary circuit is preferably connected from the inlet side 15.3 of the heat exchanger 10 to the suction side of the pump 19. On the secondary side of the heat exchanger 10, the flow is almost constant. On both sides, the flow is advantageously so high that the flow remains turbulent.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a heat exchanger 15' with a higher performance compared to those set forth above, having two jacket spaces in series.
  • the jacket spaces are connected together with a connection 15.5 and the inner pipes with a thermally insulated connection pipe 11d.
  • connection pipe 15.5 can be replaced with a surrounding jacket pipe 11d, which connects the jacket pipes at the ends (not shown).
  • the most central component is the local loop heat exchanger, which uses an exceptionally high terminal temperature difference, i.e. a large temperature difference between the primary and the secondary flow.
  • the terminal temperature difference is preferably 18-30°C, more preferably 22-26°C.
  • a 60 kW exchanger gives 0.35 L/s at 10-60°C (e.g. district heat), so that a suitable circulation line for improving control is 0.06 L/s and output 500 W with a temperature reduction of two degrees (760 W with a reduction of three degrees) and a pipe size of 18 mm.
  • the circulation line loss is now well below 1°C due to the short distance. In a detached house, pipe sizes 18/28 are probably optimal.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP19712247.6A 2018-01-30 2019-01-30 A method, system and a heat exchanger for heating subareas of apartments in buildings, such as a bathroom of an apartment Active EP3746711B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20185083A FI20185083A1 (fi) 2018-01-30 2018-01-30 Menetelmä ja järjestelmä huoneistojen osatilojen kuten huoneiston kylpyhuoneen lämmittämiseksi kiinteistössä
FI20185452 2018-05-17
PCT/FI2019/050068 WO2019149999A1 (en) 2018-01-30 2019-01-30 A method, system and a heat exchanger for heating subareas of apartments in buildings, such as a bathroom of an apartment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3746711A1 EP3746711A1 (en) 2020-12-09
EP3746711B1 true EP3746711B1 (en) 2022-02-23

Family

ID=65818538

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19712247.6A Active EP3746711B1 (en) 2018-01-30 2019-01-30 A method, system and a heat exchanger for heating subareas of apartments in buildings, such as a bathroom of an apartment

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3746711B1 (fi)
CA (1) CA3088594A1 (fi)
DK (1) DK3746711T3 (fi)
FI (2) FI12893Y1 (fi)
WO (1) WO2019149999A1 (fi)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7560328B2 (ja) 2020-11-11 2024-10-02 リンナイ株式会社 浴室空調システム

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6835307B2 (en) * 2000-08-04 2004-12-28 Battelle Memorial Institute Thermal water treatment
DE20218316U1 (de) * 2002-06-12 2003-04-10 Friesenegger, Alfred, 83135 Schechen Gebäudeheiz- und Kühlsystem für Niedrigenergiehäuser durch Brauchwasser
WO2004070279A2 (en) * 2003-02-10 2004-08-19 Douglas Roger Stirn A re-circulating hot water system adapted for supply and space heating applications
DE102015004999A1 (de) * 2015-04-21 2016-10-27 Markus Keitsch Leitungssystem zur Wärmeenergieversorgung dezentraler Wärmetauscher

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA3088594A1 (en) 2019-08-08
FI20205841A1 (fi) 2020-08-31
DK3746711T3 (da) 2022-05-30
FI12893Y1 (fi) 2021-02-17
EP3746711A1 (en) 2020-12-09
WO2019149999A1 (en) 2019-08-08

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