EP3746416A1

EP3746416A1 - Pedosphere-improving granules, production and use thereof

Info

Publication number: EP3746416A1
Application number: EP19701297.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Fred Bohndick; Matthias Hoger
Original assignee: Pontes Pabuli GmbH
Current assignee: Pontes Pabuli GmbH
Priority date: 2018-02-01
Filing date: 2019-01-10
Publication date: 2020-12-09
Also published as: WO2019149495A1

Abstract

The invention relates to pedosphere-improving granules and their use for improving organic materials cycles, in particular for use as fertilizing and soil-improving substances, which first of all optimize the phosphate cycle in the pedosphere and secondly increase the number of useful soil organisms. The invention further relates to a method for producing the granules according to the invention.

Description

PEDOSPHERE-IMPROVING GRANULATE, ITS MANUFACTURE

AND USE

The invention relates to a pedosphärenverbesserndes granules and its use fertil for improving organic material cycles, in particular the use as fertilizer and soil improving substances, on the one hand optimize the phosphate cycle in the pedosphere and on the other hand increase the number of beneficial Bo denorganismen. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the granules according to the invention.

State of the art:

Agricultural use of the soil mineral resources such as phosphorus-containing compounds are withdrawn, which must be compensated by subsequent supply of mineral fertilizer fertilizer again. With the material and energetic use of biomass, such as from household waste or sewage sludge, a withdrawal of nutrients and significant amounts of organic matter from the natural material cycles is connected. The lack of humus action by these organic residues should not be neglected, especially in view of the increasing cultivation of energy crops. The preservation of the fertility of the soil by the use of artificial mineral fertilizers from fossil resources is ecologically critical to assess, on the one hand due to the degradation of the environment and on the other hand due to the heavy metal input to the soil by mineral fertilizers. Phosphorus is a limited raw material and its efficient use for a fertile ground against the background of a growing world population is of great importance. In terms of sustainability, the closure of natural nutrient cycles is increasingly coming to the fore and also offers a source of indigenous resources that has previously only been used to a limited extent. In the field of phosphorus recycling, numerous processes have emerged, which start at very different points in the waste stream and have reached a very different level of implementation. The highest level of implementation has currently been achieved by P elimination processes in the sewage treatment plant. The economic advantage of these methods is in particular for the operation of the systems by the Avoidance of upkeep costs and business interruptions by reducing spontaneous struvite precipitation in pipelines and better drainage with a correspondingly smaller amount of sewage sludge with a positive influence on sewage sludge disposal costs. The elimination of phosphorus in wastewater purification results in crystallization products, such as predominantly struvite, wherein struvite is preferably also referred to as MAP within the meaning of the invention. MAP as a recycling product can only be used as a fertilizer, but the problem is that MAP does not correspond to soil and plant-specific standard fertilizer in this nutrient composition. Consequently, there is no acceptance in the MAP market for a high-quality fertilizer product corresponding to the nutrient components, but rather the image of a downstream product with correspondingly low market prices.

Organic residues, such as sewage sludge, digestate or manure, are in principle a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to mineral fertilizer like and thus to the closure of the nutrient cycle. Some of these organic residues are still applied directly to fields. However, the acceptance of this recycling route has been decreasing progressively for some time since the direct application leads to undesired odor nuisance and the associated cycles are suspected of leading to undesirable concentration of certain substances, such as perfluorinated surfactants (PFTs). Sewage sludge that has not been subjected to sanitizing treatment can contain a variety of disease and phytohygienic pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and worm eggs. In addition, the application times are severely limited, which leads to considerable logistical difficulties with continuously occurring residues. If organic residues are to be utilized in agriculture, there is a general danger that pathogens will reach humans and animals via food and feed and endanger them. Since the pathogen has a high survivability, hygiene aspects must be given high priority for risk minimization in order to minimize potential risks to humans and livestock. The aim of sanitation is the interruption of infection cycles by killing pathogens. By killing bacteria, the spread of antibiotic resistance is also counteracted. Sanitation procedures can also other process objectives of sludge treatment, eg. As stabilization, draining tion, post-conditioning serve. On the other hand, have different sewage sludge treatment process sanitizing effect.

Organic waste accumulates throughout the year, with seasonal variations in composition, but agricultural use is only possible at certain times of the year, spring or autumn. When applying sewage sludge directly to fields, there is the problem of having to store the sewage sludge if it is produced at a time when it can not be applied to fields. In addition, in areas with intensive animal husbandry often so much manure, manure and contaminated litter arises, that a complete use as fertilizer on site is not possible. Biomass, especially manure, is often fermented in biogas plants. The amount of residual digestate from biogas plants is too high in areas with intensive livestock farming to be brought to the fields as fertilizer directly on site. All of these are considerable problems, since the organic residues are basically only very limited storable. Transportation to other areas is complicated and expensive.

There are known in the prior art, in which the organic residual materials therefore dried, granulated and then used selectively as fertilizer. Such a way is shown, for example, in DE 10 2014 013 078 A1, where phosphorus-containing sewage sludge is dried and granulated, and a phosphorus-containing organic fertilizer is obtained from dried sewage sludge. Disadvantage of this method, however, is that the resulting organic fertilizer in the nutrient composition corresponds to the sewage sludge and thus is not optimally adjusted to the plant and soil specific requirements. In addition, these organic fertilizers are produced largely from organic residues, which usually have a proportion of organic residues> 80%, little storage stability and develop quite considerable odor impairment.

Currently, the thermal utilization of these organic residues continues to gain in importance. Ashes from the thermal utilization and / or combustion organic shear residues are due to the high content of nutrients, such as phosphorus (P), suitable sources of raw materials. Because of the bad Plant availability of the phosphorus contained in the ashes (P) and eventu eller pollutant content, however, a direct use of ashes as fertilizer medium is possible only conditionally. Therefore, such ashes are currently mostly landfilled or used in landscaping and thus are no longer available to the material cycles as a source of raw materials.

In the prior art, various methods for recycling material processing of phosphorus-containing ashes, such as sewage sludge, are known. The processes are based on the raw material ash, the P content in the ash should be as high as possible. The processes differ with regard to the P precipitate, the acid and / or the precipitant, the recycled product and the type of heavy metal precipitation. The methods for recovering phosphate from sewage sludge ashes can generally be subdivided into thermochemical, thermoelectric and wet-chemical approaches, with thermochemical processes preferably at temperatures below the ash melting point <1 .000 ° C he follow, thermoelectric method at temperatures above the ash melting point> 1. 000 ° C.

In the wet chemical processes, many different concepts are followed, generally distinguishing between processes in which the acid is mixed only with the ashes and processes in which phosphorus is extracted from the ash and thus brought into the liquid phase. Many of these wet-chemical processes (such as BioCon, SEPHOS, SESALPhos, Tetraphos, PASCH or Leachphos processes, etc.) are based on complex and complex precipitation or extraction processes. Sewage sludge ash, however, is subject to a considerable fluctuation of the chemical and mineralogical constitution and this is the opposite of what complex precipitation and extraction processes require. The conditions of dissolution, precipitation and extraction must be adapted to this strong fluctuation range in technical operation immediately and precisely become what technically and analytically can hardly be afforded. The consequence is a reduced performance of these methods. The cost driver in these processes is the considerable use of additional chemicals. In addition, significant amounts of waste materials, ie undissolved ash or precipitated products, etc., which must be disposed of at great expense. The complex and complex process management as well as the chemical and disposal costs can not be compensated by the sales proceeds of the products.

Economically and technically easy to control are wet-chemical processes in which the phosphate-containing ashes and mineral acids are largely mixed directly and fertilizers are produced therefrom. The largely insoluble phosphate from phosphate-containing ashes is digested by means of mineral acid. Such a method is known, for example, from DE 10 2010 034 042 B4. The process produces a phosphate or multi-nutrient fertilizer by mixing ash from sewage sludge monoburning with mineral acid with the addition of potassium and / or nitrogen carrier. The mineral acid includes the sparingly soluble phosphate compounds in the sewage sludge ash. The desired conversion reactions and the granulation are largely the same time. The mixture, the reaction and the granulation take place in a Mischap paratur. Plowshare mixers with knife set, a continuous flow mixer or a twin-shaft paddle mixer are suggested. In this type of wet-chemical process, as in DE 10 2010 034 042, the resulting nutrient composition is adaptable to the soil and plant needs. However, most of the granule structure is very compact and thus the nutrient release often not optimally adapted to the temporal nutrient needs of the plants fit. In addition, these fertilizer granules basically have no function for soil improvement, but serve almost exclusively for nutrient supply.

The object of the present invention is to provide a substance, in particular in the form of granules, which improves the properties of the suspended atmosphere. This improvement concerns in particular the phosphorus / phosphorus supply of the soil, the improvement of the soil structure and further the optimization of the soil organisms contained in the soil.

Description of the invention:

The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Purpose moderate embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the features of the subclaims. In addition, the granules thus produced and its use are claimed. The invention relates in particular to a soil-improving granulate with a phosphate content which is greater than 60% neutral ammonium citrate-soluble dissolved, wherein the granules can be prepared by the following steps:

^■ generating a total dispersion comprising at least one carbon-containing material structure having at least a carbon content of 0.1% and

^■ further comprising at least one inorganic secondary phosphate in combination with at least one reactant or at least one struvite and

^■ Carrying out granulation or extrusion.

The object is achieved in particular by the fact that from at least one carbon-containing structural material and at least one inorganic secondary phosphate and / or struvite, optionally in combination with a reagent and / or water and / or other components, a granulate is produced, wherein the anor ganische secondary phosphate and / or struvite serves as a nutrient supplier for the fertilizer granules produced, wherein when using an inorganic Sekundärphos phates the neutral ammonium citrate solubility of the phosphate supplied with it is increased by reaction with at least one reagent. Another part before the invention consists in that the granules formed has at least one Koh lenstoffanteil, which originates from the carbonaceous structural material, wherein the carbon content of the carbonaceous structural material contributes at least 0.1% be. In addition, the P205 content contained in the granules is greater than 60% neutral-ammonium citrate-soluble. In other words, this means preferably that more than 60% of the P205 content contained in the granulate is neutral ammonium citrate-soluble. By inventively provided adding a carbonaceous Strukturstoffs the structure of the fertilizer granules is aligned to a particularly good fertilization effect and achieved in addition to the fertilizer effect, a targeted improvement Bodenver.

All percentages (%) are hereinafter by weight percentages (% by weight ie% w / w) unless otherwise specified. In particular, the invention relates to a pedosphere-improving granule which has a phosphate content of which a proportion of more than 60% neutral ammonium citrate is soluble. This granulate can be prepared by a process comprising the following steps:

^■ generating a total dispersion comprising at least one koh lenstoffhaltigen structure material having at least a carbon content of 0.1% and

^■ Carrying out granulation or extrusion.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a pedosphere improving granule having a phosphate content which is greater than 60% neutral ammonium citrate soluble. The method comprises the following steps:

^■ Carrying out granulation or extrusion.

It is preferred for the purposes of the invention that the definitions, technical effects or advantages described with regard to the granulate or the method apply to all aspects of the invention and should also be disclosed for all aspects of the invention, so that mutual reference is made to them can.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one inorganic secondary phosphate and at least one reaction agent are added to a basic dispersion, an incubation time between inorganic secondary phosphate and reaction medium being maintained between 10 and 500 minutes, whereby the Neutralammoniumcitratlöslichkeit the därphosphats with the inorganic seconds supplied phosphate is increased by reaction with the at least one reagent and the P205 portion of the inorganic secondary phosphate in the fertilizer granules greater than 60% neutral ammoniumcitratlöslöslich.

It is furthermore preferred for the purposes of the invention that the pedosphere-improving granulate contains a carbon content of 5 to 50%. In other words, a carbon content of the pedosphere-improving granule is preferably in a range between 5 and 50%. It is preferred in another embodiment of the invention that the pedosphere-improving granules contain a carbon content of 0.1 to less than 5%. In total, 1 to 70% of the crystallization products, based on the finished pedosphere-improving granules from a phosphorus elimination, are contained in the total dispersion.

It is preferred for the purposes of the invention that a drying of the granules or green granules produced from the basic or total dispersion above 100 ° C be subjected to the material temperature during drying, if crystallization products are included.

Preferably, a pH of the total dispersion is in a range of 4-8.

In other words, it is preferable that the total dispersion has a pH in a range between 4 and 8. It is also preferred according to the invention that after granulation, a fractionation of the prod pedosphärenverbessernden granules followed, wherein a coarse fraction and / or a fine fraction ground and the base dispersion, the Gesamtdis persion and / or the granulation is at least partially supplied. It is preferred by their words that in the proposed method, a fractionation tion of the generated pedosphärenverbessernden granules takes place, this fractionation is provided in particular after the granulation. In fractionation, the coarse fraction and / or the fine fraction are preferably milled, and the milled material may be added to the base dispersion, the total dispersion and / or the granulation.

It is preferred for the purposes of the invention that a soil-moist total dispersion with a moisture content of 5% to 40% is produced. It is within the meaning of the invention Moreover, it is preferred that the granulation takes place with a granulating disc or in intensive mixing. It may also be preferred for the purposes of the invention that an overall dispersion in the form of a suspension having a solids content of less than 60% is produced and the granulation is carried out in a fluidized-bed or spouted-bed reactor.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a device for producing the proposed pedosphere-improving granules, the device comprising at least the following elements.

^■ A first mixing container, in which or at least one carbon-containing structural material and further at least one inorganic secondary phosphate in combination with at least one reaction medium or at least one Struvite be supplied and miscible, wherein in the case of the supply of an inorganic secondary phosphate in combination with a reactant either the first mixing container is used for the required incubation time and / or further containers are provided for this, into which the basic or total dispersion for the incubation time is transferred and can be mixed,

^■ at least one granulating and / or extruding unit for Granulie Ren or extruding the total dispersion, said granulating and / or extruding unit either the first mixing container or may be integrated in or on this or is ter separately from the first Mischbehäl, wherein at one of first mixing container separate granulating and / or extruding unit at least one Zuführungsein unit of the basic dispersion or total dispersion of the granulating and / or extruding unit is present and can be at least one further feeding unit for other components.

It is preferred for the purposes of the invention that the granulation and / or Extrudierein unit is an intensive mixer, a granulating or a fluidized bed or jet layer reactor. It may also be preferred in the sense of the invention that the Granulating and / or Extrudiereinheit a drying unit for drying the he testified granules and / or extrudates adjoins or is integrated. In other words, it is preferred for the purposes of the invention that the granulating and / or extruding unit comprises a drying of the granules and / or extrudates produced.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a coated or uncoated Tes fertilizer granules, wherein the fertilizer granules at least one inorganic Se kundärphosphat or Struvit comprises, and a greater than 60% neutral ammonium umcitratlöslichen P205 content based on the total phosphate content in the fertilizer granules. It is preferred for the purposes of the invention that the coated or uncoated fertilizer granules is characterized in that the fertilizer granules comprises at least one inorganic secondary phosphate or struvite, a greater than 60% neutral ammoniumcitratlöslichen and small 40% water-soluble P205 content based on the total phosphate content has in the fertilizer granules. In other words, it is preferred for the purposes of the invention that the fertilizer granules comprise a P205 portion, wherein more than 60% of the P205 portion is neutral ammonium citrate soluble and less than 40% of the P205 portion are formed serlöslöslich. The percentages mentioned are preferably based on the total phosphate content in the fertilizer granules.

It is preferred for the purposes of the invention that the fertilizer granules in total 0.1 to 25% humic acid, fulvic acid, their salts and / or in total 0.1 to 30% orga African acid and / or one or more crystallization products from the Phospho relimination has a concentration range between 1 to 70%. The salts may in particular be humates and / or fulvates.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to the use of the proposed NEN fertilizer granules for nutrient supply in agriculture, forestry and / or horticulture, wherein the fertilizer granules sphat at least one inorganic Sekundärpho or comprises at least one struvite, and a greater than 60% neutral to moniumcitratlöslichen P205 component. In other words, it is preferred that the P205 portion is more than 60% neutral ammonium citrate soluble. The total amount of phosphorus (P) is determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) according to DIN EN ISO 1885: 2009.

For this purpose, the sample to be determined is first digested with an aqua regia digestion in accordance with DIN EN 13346: 2001 -04. To determine the soluble phosphate content different methods, in particular different ex traction methods are known. To estimate P availability, fertilizers are tested in the laboratory with different solvents and marked accordingly. The most important solvents used are water, ammonium citrate, citric acid, formic acid and mineral acids. The European Union Regulation on Fertilizers also standardizes various methods for determining the phosphate solubility of fertilizers. Depending on the origin and nature of the P-fertilizer to be tested, a different method can be used. To characterize the solubility of the phosphate, the following three extraction methods are limited: The extraction of the water-soluble phosphorus (P) is carried out in accordance with DIN EN 15958: 201 1. The extraction of the phosphate (P) soluble in neutral ammonium citrate is carried out in accordance with DIN EN15957: 201 1. The extraction of the 2% citric acid soluble phosphorus (P) is carried out in accordance with DIN EN 15920: 201 1. The phosphate content (P) is then determined by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) according to DIN EN ISO

1 1885: 2009 determined.

Only with high proportions of phosphate soluble in water and ammonium citrate is it ensured that a large part of the fertilizer phosphate is actually available to the plant in the short and medium term. The neutral ammonium citrate-soluble phosphorus share can be used as a guide to the medium-term availability of the fertilizer phosphorus, ie over a period of about one crop rotation. The immediately available P content of a fertilizer is described by its solubility in water. The higher the water-soluble P content, the faster or easier the availability of the fertilizer P for the plant. With stronger solvents, such as citric or formic acid, also P-shares are dissolved, which are plant-available long-term or only under certain site conditions, such as low pH. Planting and vegetation experiments have shown that, above all, a good correlation between neutral Ammoncitratlöslichem phosphate content and the growth of plants. The water-soluble part of the plant is less meaningful here. High water solubility makes phosphate very quickly available in large quantities, which the plant may not be able to absorb completely in growth at the same time sequence in full time, then it remains unused and optionally is washed out. According to today's scientific opinion, the use of P fertilizers should be preferred for reasons of resource protection, which have a particularly high neutral ammonium citrate soluble phosphate content.

Fertilizers are substances or mixtures of substances that supplement or discontinue the supply of nutrients for the plants grown, in particular crops, in agriculture and forestry as well as in horticulture. If desired, they can be combined with other materials and / or functionalized. Fertilizers are understood to mean both single-nutrient fertilizers, such as phosphate fertilizers, as well as complex fertilizers. Fertilizer in granular form, which is referred to as fertilizer granules within the meaning of the invention, is a heap typically in approximately spherical shape and sufficient intrinsic strength.

A carbon-containing structural material is understood as meaning, in particular, a substance which has a carbon content of greater than 5%, this percentage being given in relation to the dried state of the substance. It may, for example, peat, humus, pyrolysis biomass and / or biochar from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) act. The term "proportion of carbon" in the context of the invention is also defined as the sum of organic carbon and elemental carbon, inorganic carbon being ignored. For the purposes of the invention, organic carbon is also referred to as total organic carbon (TOC).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention are carbonaceous struc ture materials residues that arise in the treatment, preparation or production, for example, in agriculture, of something. These residues who referred to the preferred within the meaning of the invention as remnants. Such carbon-containing structural substances as residues are, for example, sewage sludge, Fermentation residues, manure, but also animal excretions, animal and fish meal. The term "digestate" is understood in the context of the invention as the liquid and / or solid residue, which remains in the fermentation of biomass. The term "liquid manure" stands for a mixture of faeces and urine from farm animals in combination with litter with varying water content.

The term "carbonaceous structural material" in the context of the invention for at least a carbon-containing structural material, whereby a combination of several different carbonaceous structural materials can be expressly integrated. An overview gives the following overview:

The organically bound carbon in the soil, which in the context of the invention preferably also referred to as Soil Organic Carbon or SOC, or the elemental carbon of the proposed carbonaceous structure fabric is an important ecosystem services of the soil with unterschiedli chen functions, such as filtering and storage of water, the construction and maintenance of soil structure, ensuring the supply of nutrients and the determination and degradation of pollutants. Inorganic compounds of carbon, such as carbonates, do not provide this soil-improving effect. In the context of the invention, the term "inorganic secondary phosphate" refers to the substances which are produced during the treatment, preparation and / or production of sludge, production waste, animal by-products or other material streams, a phosphorus content of greater than 5% P 2 O 5 and a lower carbon content than 1%. Examples of inorganic secondary phosphates are ashes and / or slags from mono- or co-incineration of sewage sludge, ashes and / or slags from the incineration or co-incineration of animal excretions, animal meal, animal remains and carcasses or ashes and / or slags from the incineration of manure and digestate as a single substance or mixtures thereof.

It is preferred for the purposes of the invention, the phosphorus compounds, for example, which are contained in the inorganic secondary phosphate or formed with the reaction agent newly, to be referred to as phosphate, even if this in their entirety in individual cases not or not completely the binding type of Phos phors should correspond.

For the purposes of the invention, the term "struvite" is understood to mean, in a simplified manner, all crystallization products which are obtained, for example, from phosphorus elimination in wastewater purification, wherein, depending on the type of process control and the type of precipitant used or precipitant used, flocculation or crystallization agent Shares of the elements P, N, Mg, K, Ca vary and other substances may be included. Such crystallization products are often referred to as struvite, brushite or hydroxyapatite-like Ca-P phase, depending on the imprint. For the purposes of the invention, it is preferable to refer to the phosphorus elimination as phosphorus elimination, phosphate elimination or P elimination.

Within the meaning of the invention, a reaction agent is understood as meaning a substance or a mixture which dissolves and / or reacts with at least part of the phosphate introduced by the inorganic secondary phosphate. Reactants are, for example, organic or inorganic acids or acid mixtures or alkalis or mixtures of different bases, in each case in undiluted or diluted form. In the proposed method, at least one carbonaceous structure fabric and at least one inorganic secondary phosphate and / or struvite and in the case of using at least one inorganic secondary phosphate to additionally mixed with at least one reagent. This mixture is preferably referred to as the basic dispersion.

The proposed base dispersion preferably contains at least one carbon-containing structural substance. Depending on the nature and concentration of this or this kohl lenstoffhaltigen structural material (s), the fertilising effect can be set and a soil-improving effect can be achieved when using the fertilizer granules. A phosphate fraction which is greater than 60% neutral ammonium citrate-soluble can advantageously be set freely by the different composition of the total dispersion.

The fertilizing effect is advantageously influenced by the fact that the structural properties of the fertilizer produced and thus its properties, such as, for example, the porosity, size of the pores, the strength and / or solubility, can be adjusted by adding the carbonaceous structural substance. As a result, for example, the nutrient release targeted to the plant growth and the time-dependent nutrient requirements of the plant adapted to who. A targeted soil improvement is advantageously achieved by fiction, contemporary adding the at least one carbonaceous structural material in the fertilizer granules that the carbonaceous structural example, to a humus formation, to improve the soil structure and / or to ei ner improvement of the air and water balance of the soil at Application of fertilizers in agriculture leads. This can, for example, promote root growth, activate soil life and / or stimulate plant vitality against stress situations.

By type and concentration of the carbonaceous structural material, the fertilization effect and / or the soil-improving properties can be weighted specifically who the. For this purpose, it is preferable to add the basic dispersion of the selected carbonaceous structural substances in the required concentration. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Grunddisper sion so much carbonaceous structural material that the granules formed contains a Koh lenstoffanteil greater than 5 to 50%, since it was surprisingly found that in this concentration range in particular the humus formation promoted very strong and thus a particularly good soil and structure improvement is effected. It is particularly preferred, however, that the granules formed egg nen carbon content of greater than 5 to 25%, since it was unexpectedly found that especially in this area in addition to the humus formation in particular the air and water balance of the soil particularly favorable for the growth from, for example, winter barley and maize.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the base dispersion contains only so much carbon-containing structural material that the granules formed contains a carbon content of 0.1% - less than 5%. By ver relatively low concentration particularly many nutrient components can be integrated in the fertilizer, which thus essentially significantly increases the fertilizer effect of the granules in the sem execution. Surprisingly, however, it has now been found that it is precisely the proportion of carbon in this area that leads to a pore structure which very much facilitates the solubility of these nutrient components. As a result, the nutrients are much better plant available. Particularly preferred is a carbon content of 0.1 - 2.5%, as given just in this area Be good porosity for good solubility and in addition in this concentration range, a particularly good distribution of small pores in the basic structure are given, resulting in a particularly high strength results.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one carbon-containing structural substance is sewage sludge, manure, digestate or a mixture thereof. Advantage of the use of these substances is that they are particularly cost-effective as residues. In addition, if necessary, can be solved by the use of residues a disposal problem and the residue to be recycled. In addition to the benefits of soil improvement, these substances also provide valuable and cost-effective nutrient components as carbon-containing structural materials. In addition, these residues are storable by the use of these carbonaceous structural materials and its conversion into the fertilizer of the invention made. Achieving shelf life circumvents a problem that is otherwise inherent in the agricultural recovery of these wastes. These substances accumulate throughout the year, but agricultural use is only possible at certain times of the year, namely spring or autumn.

The proposed base dispersion includes at least one inorganic secondary salt or at least one struvite. Also possible is the combination of at least one inorganic secondary phosphate and at least one struvite. The phosphate contained in the inorganic secondary phosphate or in the struvite advantageously serves in the fertilizer produced as a nutrient component. High phos phategehalte, especially in the inorganic secondary phosphate, are particularly advantageous in the context of the invention. Preference is given in particular to inorganic secondary phosphates having greater than 10% P ₂ O ₅ , particularly preferably greater than 15% P ₂ O ₅ and very particularly preferably greater than 20% P ₂ O ₅ . In addition, it may contain other components of organic secondary phosphate. It is advantageous if other nutrient components are included, for example N, K, Mg or other micronutrients.

The phosphate component present in the inorganic secondary phosphate preferably has a comparatively low solubility. Accordingly, such substances, such as sewage sludge ash, only limited as fertilizer appro net. Typically, these inorganic secondary phosphates show a water solubility of less than 30% and a neutral ammonium citrate solubility of less than 50%, based in each case on the total phosphate content in the inorganic secondary phosphate. For a meaningful use as fertilizer of this unzu reaching soluble phosphate must be converted into a more soluble and thus better plant available phosphate. The conversion takes place according to the invention by at least partial reaction of the inorganic secondary phosphate with at least one reactant. If, therefore, at least one inorganic secondary phosphate is added to form the basic dispersion, at least one reagent is also added according to the invention. The reactant should solve at least egg nen part of the phosphate contained in the inorganic secondary phosphate and / or react with this so that a better neutral ammoniumcitratlösliches Phosphate is formed. The term "reacting" in the context of the invention is understood to mean that the phosphate is converted by reaction. The given if dissolved phosphate forms in the subsequent process, for example by precipitation or during drying, also a better neutral ammonium citrate soluble phosphate than in the inorganic secondary phosphate. Better neutral-ammonium citrate-soluble in the context of the invention preferably means that the neutral ammonium citrate solubility of the phosphate in the inorganic secondary phosphate after the reaction with the reagent is higher than before. The term "better neutral ammonium umcitratlöslich" means in the context of the invention that the neutral ammonium citrate solubility of the phosphate in the inorganic secondary phosphate after the reaction with the reagent is higher. Preference is given to an increase in the neutral ammonium citrate solubility by more than 20%, particularly preferably an increase of more than 50%. A corresponding calculation example may be as follows: the neutral ammonium citrate solubility of the phosphate fraction from the untreated secondary phosphate of 50% is increased by the reaction with the reactant by 20% to 60%.

For example, the choice of reactant, the reaction regime and reaction time can influence the resulting neutral ammonium citrate solubility of the inorganic secondary phosphate. Preferably, the phosphate content of the inorganic secondary phosphate then in the he testified granules a Neutralammoniumcitratlöslichkeit greater than 60%, before given to greater than 70%, more preferably greater than 80%. By before ferred reaction or conversion of the phosphate and the preferred resulting neutralizing Neutralammoniumcitratlöslichkeit from the inorganic secondary phosphate advantageously a better phosphate plant availability and thus an improved fertilizer effect can be achieved.

This solubility advantageously provides sufficient phosphate in the growth period in typical humus-rich soils. It has now been discovered that on sandy soils a higher neutral ammonium citrate solubility of more than 70% is necessary for an optimal plant supply. It is believed that such low-humus soils have a lower water retention capacity. However, the water-holding ability favors P-diffusion to the root. By a higher neutral ammonium citrate solubility can now preferably the soil-specific fic reduced diffusion process amplified and the plant optimally supplied who the.

Also unexpectedly, it was further found that on dry and sandy gusts, a further increase in neutral ammonium citrate solubility of greater than 80% is preferred for optimal plant growth. A higher neutral ammonium citrate solubility can be achieved for example by a longer reaction time between inorganic secondary phosphate and reagent or for example by a stronger acid or a higher acid concentration who the. Suitable reactants are, for example, phosphorus-containing ashes and / or slags. By this reaction or conversion of the phosphate and the resulting Neutralammoniumcitratlöslichkeit from the anor ganischen secondary phosphate advantageously a better phosphate plant availability and thus improved fertilization effect can be achieved.

It is preferred for the purposes of the invention that an inorganic secondary phosphate is added, that the reaction between inorganic Sekundärphos phosphate and reactants, the solubility of the phosphate is increased from the inorganic secondary phosphate. As shown, the solubility of phosphate in fertilizers is determined by different methods. The P solubility is preferably determined by the nature of the P bond and the solvent milieu. The nature of the reaction can influence the binding of the P, that is to be formed on the forming phosphate phases. This can be done for example by the type and concentration of the reagent, the reaction time and / or the process temperature.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reaction is preferably controlled before that the phosphate content of the inorganic seconds därphosphat then in the fertilizer granules produced a Neutralammoniumci solubility of greater than 60% and a water solubility of less than 40%. By adjusting the solubilities in this form, it is advantageously effected that the phosphate is sufficiently plant-available on the field for the plants over approximately one growing season, but in this time is not washed out. A leaching can typically suc conditions, if a very good water solubility, that is provided so much higher erfindungsge accordance provided.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a neutral ammonium citrate solubility of greater than 80% and a water solubility of less than 30% is set for the phos phate portion of the inorganic secondary phosphate in the fertilizer granules produced. Surprisingly, it has been found that, in particular, winter rye experiences a particularly favorable P supply over a growing period. In another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a neutral ammonium citrate solubility of greater than 90% and a water solubility of less than 15% are set for the phosphate fraction from the inorganic Se kundärphosphat in the fertilizer granules produced. This ratio is particularly favorable for wheat plants.

Is at least one inorganic Sekundärpho sphat added to form the basic dispersion, according to the invention also at least one reagent to be given, then according to the invention kundärphosphat the reaction between inorganic Se and reactant is controlled so that the reactant in a sufficient manner with at least a portion of the inorganic Secondary därphosphat supplied phosphate reacts. For the purposes of the invention, the term "reacting in a sufficient manner" means that the desired improvement in the neutral ammonium citrate solubility of the phosphate is established. Accordingly, an incubation time is provided for the purpose of allowing the reaction agent to act on the inorganic secondary phosphate. Incubation takes place over a period in the range of 10 to 500 minutes. By Rei order of merging the components, the time sequence and the incubation can be advantageously taken on the ongoing reaction and so with the proportion of dissolved heavy metals and the neutral ammonium citrate solubility of the phosphate in the fertilizer granules produced.

Surprisingly, it has been found that a relatively short residence time is sufficient to increase the ammonium citrate solubility. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore, the incubation time is between 10 and 60 Minutes, in particular to increase the ammonium citrate solubility. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the incubation time is set to 10 to 30 minutes. Here also high Amonniumcitrat- solubilities can be achieved by the shorter incubation time can advantageously be reduced, the dimensioning of the reaction vessel, so that accordingly process costs can be reduced.

The incubation time to achieve the desired solubilities also depends, for example, on the nature of the reaction agent used. Thus, strong acids, such as concentrated mineral acids or strong bases, such as concentrated NaOH, typically result in an accelerated reaction and a shorter incubation time is required. If, on the other hand, weaker acids, such as, for example, organic acids, such as, for example, citric or oxalic acid, are used, a longer incubation time is necessary. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the incubation time is set in a range between 30 and 100 minutes.

To increase the solubility in water, surprisingly longer reaction times are required. Therefore, in another preferred embodiment of the invention, the incubation time is set between 60 to 200 minutes.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one reagent is used which contains at least one of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), potassium (K) and / or phosphorus (P), for example phosphorous acid (H ₃ P0 ₃ ), Phosphoric acid (H ₃ P0 ₄ ), nitric acid (HN0 ₃ ), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sulphurous acid (H ₂ S0 ₃ ), potassium hydroxide (KOH). By using such reactants, additional nutrient components (nitrogen, sulfur, potassium and / or phosphorus) are added to the granules accordingly. By suitable reaction sequence, if desired, the nutrient binding form of the nutrients contained in the reactant, eg nitrogen and / or sulfur, can be converted into a suitable form for the fertilizer.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the reaction medium is a dilute or undiluted phosphoric acid and / or phosphorous Acid or at least one dilute or undiluted acid mixture with proportionally contained phosphoric acid and / or phosphorous acid. The advantage here is that the proportion of phosphorus in the basic dispersion and thus in the fertilizer ultimately generated therefrom is increased by the reactant. Thus, the reagent not only provides a valuable nutrient content, but also advantageously promotes the production of phosphate fertilizers. Thus, for example, fertilizer granules having a total P 2 O 5 content of greater than 35%, more preferably greater than 40%, and a neutral ammonium citrate-soluble phosphate portion thereof of greater than 80%, particularly preferably greater than 90%, can be produced.

If no inorganic secondary phosphate but struvite is added for this purpose, preferably no reaction agent has to be added. The reason for this is that the crystallization products from the phosphorus elimination in the sewage treatment plant, such as struvite, already have a high neutral ammonium citrate-soluble phosphate content, albeit a very low water solubility. According to the prevailing literature, the phosphate in the struvite is considered to be readily available to the plant and, accordingly, does not have to be increased for use as a fertilizer - and thus unlike in comparison with the inorganic secondary phosphates.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, crystallization products from phosphorus elimination, such as struvite, brushite or hydroxyxlapatite-like Ca-P phase, are added in a range from 1 to 70%, based on the finished pelladium-improving granules thereby a Nährgranu lat with a total P205 content of greater than 10%, a neutral ammonium citrate soluble phosphate content of greater than 60% thereof and a water solubility speed of less than 30%, preferably based on the total P205 content, re sulted , In a very particular embodiment of the invention are crystallization sationsprodukte from the phosphorus in the range of 10 to 40%, based on the finished pedosphärenverbessernde granules, added nutrient granules having a total P205 content of greater than 15%, with a neutral ammonium citrate soluble Phosphate content thereof, based on total P 2 O 5, of greater than 85% and a water-soluble phosphate fraction, based on total P 2 O 5), of less than 20% in each case based on the composition of the nutrient granules. The combining of the components of the basic dispersion can be carried out in a manner known to the person skilled in the art. It is within the meaning of the invention in A set of at least one inorganic secondary phosphate in the fiction, then combination with at least one reagent preferred that the reactant sufficiently reacts with at least a portion of the fed to the organic secondary phosphate phosphate. The term "in sufficient manner" is defined within the meaning of the invention by the desired improvement of the neutral ammonium citrate solubility of this phosphate. The sequence of the assembly of the components and the chronological sequence can influence the ongoing reaction and thus the neutral ammonium citrate solubility of the phosphate. For a higher neutral ammonium citrate solubility, for example, a longer reaction time with the reactant is maintained, or a stronger acid is used.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one inorganic secondary phosphate is used and this is mixed with at least one reaction medium (s), optionally in combination with water. It is preferred for the purposes of the invention that the water is added before, with and / or after the reaction agent. As a result, first reacts the reagent with at least Tei len of the phosphate from the inorganic Sekundärphosphatungestörtst of ande ren components. Depending on the nature of the components, the reaction between Re action agent and phosphate from the inorganic secondary phosphate can be disturbed by these components, or stopped vermin in the reaction rate, for example, if thereby the pH is changed and / or a (partial) neutralization of the reagent he follows. It is particularly preferred in this embodiment that the carbonaceous structural fabric relationship, the other components is added after 1 to 60 minutes, more preferably 3 to 30 minutes / will be added. It is preferred for the purposes of the invention that these periods represent a reaction time or an incubation period between organic secondary phosphate and reagent.

Further components can be added to the basic dispersion according to the invention. Other components here are generally all those substances that the Process management and / or improve the properties of the fertilizer granules Kings, such as nutrient-containing components, dispersants and defoaming agents, pH adjuster, urease inhibitors, Ammonium Stabilisa factors, humic acid, organic acids and / or water. The basic mixture with optionally all other components for the formation of fertilizers is preferably referred to as total dispersion in the context of the invention. The order of addition can be done depending on the requirements of the process and / or the eventual desired reaction sequence. Thus, for example, all or a part of the further components of the base dispersion already produced and / or else also during the production of the basic dispersion can be added. Alternatively, all or a part of components may or may also be initially charged and only then the base dispersion or the components for forming the base dispersion may be supplied. The addition of further components is a preferred feature of the basic dispersion of the invention. In the context of the preferred embodiment, games are disclosed below that reveal the concept of "further components" for the average person skilled in a sufficient manner. The other components are optional and not mandatory. For certain preferred embodiments described below, they are advantageous.

^■ Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the basic dispersion min are added least one or more nutrient-containing component (s) as additional com ponents. Nutrient-containing components are substances that supply or supplement the nutrient supply for the cultivated plants in order to control or support the growth and development of the plants. The nutrient-containing components include, for example, nitrogen (N), phosphate (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), essential trace elements individually or in combination. For example, by the possibility of adding nutrient-containing components, the nutrient composition in the granules can be adapted precisely to the soil and plant-specific needs. As an example, urea may be added as the nitrogen component of the base dispersion to produce an NP fertilizer. Or potassium chloride can be added to create a PK fertilizer. In addition, thereby also the typical fluctuation range of the composition of the inorganic secondary phosphate can be compensated in order to ensure a uniform fertilizer quality. If, for example, in the continuous production process the phosphate content in the inorganic secondary dural phosphate fed in is reduced, this can be compensated for by feeding a phosphate-containing nutrient component such as phosphoric acid in the same amount.

^■ Surprisingly succeeds in a particularly preferred embodiment form by the addition of additional phosphate carrier, for example Ammoni umphosphat, potassium phosphate, the production of a granulate with form a total P205 content of greater than 35% and a neutral-ammoniumcitratlösli- chen phosphate content thereof greater than 80% results, which is comparable to the conventionally produced mineral fertilizer Doppelsu perphosphat in fertilizer treatment, but here generates from inorganic secondary phosphate as base phosphate carrier and undegraded raw phosphate.

^■ It is also possible to add defoaming and dispersing agents as further components. Defoaming agents are advantageously used, for example, when a strong gas-forming reaction is used in the combination of individual substances, for example when preparing the basic dispersion, and a foam is formed. The addition of a defoamer reduces foaming. For example, if the viscosity of the base or total dispersion is too high to be stirred, dispersants are added to lower the viscosity.

^{■ It is} also possible to add pH-adjusting agents, for example alkalis, hydroxides, basic salts, ammonia or quick lime, as further components. As a result, it is advantageously still possible to prepare residual acid residues, for example when acids are used or formed, and / or to adjust the pH of the fertilizer produced in a targeted manner. In a preferred embodiment of the invention humic acid and / or fulvic acid and / or salts thereof are added. These salts may, for example, be humates and / or fulvates. The substances mentioned advantageously have growth-promoting properties. Thus, the nutrient uptake capacity of the root is significantly increased and thus stimulates growth. By their addition who promoted the plant growth and cell formation. They stimulate the cell membranes as well as the metabolic activities and thereby increase the germination rates. Also important plant enzymes are particularly well stimulated. The vigorous root training supports the nutrient uptake capacity. The so-strengthened plants are significantly less susceptible to disease. By adding these substances, the P uptake of the plants can be increased because it blocks the P adsorption of the soil and prevents the precipitation of P into sparingly soluble compounds by complexing Ca, Al, Fe. Surprisingly, it has been determined that addition of these substances in a range of 0.1-25% (based on the finished pedosphere-improving granules) results in a significant increase of the plant-available phosphate in the soil and thus an increased P uptake of the plants. Particularly preferred is the addition of these substances in a share of between 0.1 to 10% (based on the finished pedosphärenverbessernde Gra nulate), as already in this tonnage range, a significant increase in the fertilizer effect is achieved and consequently the necessary amount of fertilizer according to up to 40% can be reduced. Especially, the addition of these substances in a range of 0.1 - 5% (based on the finished pedosphärenverbes sernde granules), since in this area a particularly favorable economic relationship between the cost of these substances and the resulting improved th properties results.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, organic acids in solid and / or liquid form are added. Organic acids are, for example, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid. Organic acids play an important role in the phosphate uptake of plants from the soil. In particular, by the presence of organic acids on the root system, the plants can absorb enough phosphate, with microorganisms typically forming these organic acids in the ecosystem. Surprisingly, it has now been found that the phosphate uptake of the plants is increased, if in the supplied fertilizer granules already proportionately one or more organic acids preferably in total in a range of 0.1 to 30% (based on the finished pedosphärenverbessernde granules) are integrated. It is believed that this preferably takes over a comparable function in the root area of the plant with added organic acids, without these organic acids must first be generated by microorganisms sen. Citric acid, oxalic acid and / or tartaric acid are preferably used individually or in combination, since these organic acids are relatively inexpensive and are available in sufficient quantities. Particularly preferred is the one set of citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid individually or in combination in a range of 0.1% to 10% (based on the finished pedosphärenverbes sernde granules), since the recording improving effect of these acids in the ratio Ver to the raw material costs here particularly is cheap. The listed proportions of organic acids in the fertilizer granules can either be added as additional component and / or use organic acids as reactants after the reaction, at least proportionally continue in this amount range, and be transferred to the fertilizer granules.

By the targeted adjustment of the nature and composition of the basic or total dispersion and the nature and intensity of the mixing can also influence on the ongoing reaction and thus on the Neutralammoniumcitratlöslich speed of the phosphate, but also on other fertilizer properties taken who the. By intensive mixing, additional dispersion of possibly agglomerated or aggregated particles can be achieved, wherein deagglomerated particles are more reactive. Prolonged mixing not only means better homogenization, but also longer reaction time. Longer reaction time and / or bes water reactive substances lead to a higher reaction conversion and here with the result of a higher neutral ammonium citrate solubility. In particular, by the che mix and mineralogical composition of the components supplied in the basic and total dispersion, the nutrient composition and their solubility are set in the fertilizer granules produced. In addition, these are important factors influencing the cost-effectiveness of the process. In particular, the proportion of the liquid phase, which preferably corresponds to the sum of all liquid substances, in the basic or total dispersion has considerable influence on the reactions that occur and the economic efficiency. The basic or total dispersion preferably comprise at least one solid phase and at least one liquid phase. The liquid phase can be formed from under different liquid components. Thus, liquid compo nents, for example, at least partially in the inorganic secondary phosphate and / or struvite or at least proportionately in the carbonaceous structure, for example, the liquid phase in the manure or not or only teilentwässertem sewage sludge, or at least proportionately in the reaction medium, for example liquid in particular dilute acids , be contained or be supplied for example as water. It is advantageous for the purposes of the invention if the moisture corresponds to the physically bound water which adheres to the substance or mixture. It is also preferred that the carbonaceous structural material is formed by the liquid phase in manure or not or only teilentwäs sertem sewage sludge.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the basic or total dispersion is adjusted so that it has a proportion of liquid phase of less than 25%. Advantage of such a proportion of liquid phase is that ver relatively little liquid phase, for example, in particular water, for He generation of the preferably dry fertilizer granules must be evaporated. This saves considerable energy costs. In addition, relatively inexpensive granulation processes or technologies, such as, for example, rolling mills, shear mixers, plowshare mixers, planetary mixing kneaders, or intensive mixing or extrusion processes can be used.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the basic or total dispersion is adjusted so that it can be described as moist on the ground. The term "humid" defines a consistency here. In concrete technology, a concrete of stiff consistency with a water cement value <0.40 is generally referred to as earth-moist concrete. By analogy with this definition, a consistency range is here below a soil-moist basic or total dispersion here comparable to a consistency such as earth-moist concrete. On the one hand, this preferred consistency range is limited in this embodiment by a relatively dry mixture but with more than 5% moisture (based on the total mixture), which just can not shape in the hand, so does not disintegrate like powder. On the other hand, the range is limited by the fact that the basic dispersion or Gesamtdispersion in the hand can bale and for men, similar to a snowball, and not without force, such as vibration, for example, flows. In this preferred embodiment, the humidity of the basic or total dispersion is 5% to 40%. In other words, a moisture content of the basic or total dispersion is in a range between 5 and 40%. Since the liquid phase may also contain dissolved components which remain as solids during drying, the percentage of the liquid phase in this preferred soil-moist basic or total dispersion is in the range from 10 to less than 70%. In other words, the total dispersion has a content of liquid phase in a range between 10 and 70%. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the humidity is 10% to 30%. Advantage of this form of execution is that a soil-moist basic or total dispersion with the sem moisture content is typically granulated directly by granulating.

The moisture or the moisture content is determined by gravimetry according to DIN 52183 by definition. In the case of the gravimetric determination of moisture, which is also known as the Darr method, the sample is first weighed and subsequently dried at 105 ° C. in a drying oven to constant weight. The free water contained in the sample escapes. The difference in weight is determined, which speaks by definition according to the humidity or the moisture content ent. Since the liquid phase may also contain dissolved components present, which remain as a solid during drying, the percentage of the liquid phase is generally significantly higher than the moisture content.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the base or the total dispersion is admixed with such a high proportion of liquid components, such as, for example, water, acid and / or lye, that it is possible to speak of a suspension. The term "suspension" is preferred understood as a mixture of at least one solid and at least one liquid phase, wherein the entire system is stirrable and pumpable. In a suspen sion is by definition a heterogeneous mixture of a liquid and finely divided solids (particles), wherein the particles in the liquid at least partially and at least temporarily hold in limbo, even if a settling can use. The solids are "suspended" in the liquid phase. The proportion of the liquid phase or phases is within the meaning of the invention in total, preferably greater than 50%. In other words, an amount of the liquid phase or phases is more than 50%. In such a suspension, the reactions, in particular between the reactant and the inorganic secondary phosphate, can typically proceed much more rapidly. Thus, a desired solubility of the phosphates can be achieved or improved more quickly. This is of technological advantage since mixing and / or reaction times can be shortened. In addition, product quality is better due to better homogeneity and, where appropriate, higher solubility. Particularly preferred is a proportion of the liquid phase or phases of greater than 70%, since thereby the viscosity in the suspension is lower due to the higher liquid phase content. A lower viscosity simplifies the stirring and pumping of the suspension.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the basic or total dispersion contains a, preferably undissolved, solid phase of less than 50%. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the basic or total dispersion contains a solids content of less than 60%. In such conditions, the rate of dissolution is relatively high, whereby the not agile reaction time can be shortened. It is within the meaning of the invention given to before that the total dispersion is adjusted before the granulation so that the solids content is less than 60%. In other words, it is preferred for the purposes of the invention that in the proposed method, the solids content within the total dispersion is less than 60%. In this area, a particularly good and easy homogenization of the raw material dispersion produced is possible. The term "solids content" or the term "solids content" in the context of the invention represents the percentage of fertilizer which forms from the basic or total dispersion. The terms are in the sense of Are used synonymously and include the insoluble fraction and / or the dissolved nutrients that are transferred to the fertilizer granules.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substances used are ground individually, in combination or the entire base or final dispersion. This is for example advantageous if the present particle or Aggre gatgröße single or multiple starting materials is not sufficiently fine enough, for example, to achieve sufficient homogeneity or thereby process-related difficulties, such as blockage of nozzles comes. The particular advantage of this embodiment is that by the Vermah treatment improves the homogeneity of the basic or total dispersion and the process flow, so for example, the blockage of nozzles can be prevented. Also, the solubility of substances or compounds involved can be improved by a small particle size, such as the solubility of phosphate-containing ashes or slags. The advantage here is that the reaction time ver shortened and / or sets a higher ammonium citrate solubility. Also a Ver grinding of the basic or total dispersion may be required if formed by Re action within the basic or total dispersion agglomerates, aggregates or precipitates that disturbs the further process flow, for example, the conveying or pumping or atomizing. Advantage of this embodiment is that such agglomerates, aggregates or precipitates are comminuted by the milling. Depending on the type of material to be ground and the desired grain size and grain size distribution, different dry or wet grinding technologies with or without grinding aids can be used. The aggregates used for dry or wet grinding can be, for example, ball mills, pin mills, jet mills or bead mills, stirred ball mills, high-performance dispersants or high-pressure homogenizers.

If carbonaceous residues, such as sewage sludge, in particular, are utilized in agriculture, there is always a risk of contamination and the risk of spreading pathogens and thus the possibility that pathogens may spread to humans and animals via food and feed and endanger them. Therefore, when using one or more ren residues as carbonaceous structural fabric in a preferred Embodiment integrated a sanitation step. The advantage of this embodiment is that the integration of a sanitation step results in an interruption of infection cycles due to the killing of pathogens, bacteria, etc. For sanitization are known to those skilled procedural ren such as the admixing of chemical or bactericidal agents, a sanitation by extreme pH shift, example, by the addition of quicklime or hydrated lime, or a thermal treatment available. Such a process step for sanitizing the o- or the critical residues can be carried out at a suitable location. Thus, such a sanitation of these residues before the addition of the residue as a carbonaceous structural material to the basic dispersion. For example, a residue such as sewage sludge with burnt lime is first mixed separately and the mixture after a sufficiently long exposure time of the basic dispersion are added.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the Hygieni tion takes place after addition of the critical residue as a carbonaceous Strukturstoffs to the basic dispersion by a thermal treatment of at least 10 minutes and above 60 ° C. Surprisingly, it was found that the pathogens are already largely killed by this temperature effect.

The thermal treatment of the critical residues takes place in this embodiment form, for example, in the basic or total dispersion, for example by the basic or total dispersion is heated or heated by exothermic Reaktio NEN itself. The thermal treatment can be carried out in this embodiment al as an alternative, for example, in the granulation and / or the subsequent drying of the granules produced.

According to the invention from the total dispersion consisting of at least one carbon-containing structural material and at least one inorganic secondary phosphate and / or struvite, optionally in combination with a Reaktionsmit tel and / or water and / or other components produced a granule. The mixing of the components can be carried out in a mixer known to the person skilled in the art. For example, the mixing device can be a rolling mixer, which is preferably also referred to as a drop, drum or rotary mixer, shear mixer, Forced mixers, plowshare mixers, planetary mixing kneaders, Z kneaders, sigma-kneers, fluid mixers or intensive mixers. The selection of the suitable mixer depends, inter alia, on the flowability and cohesive forces of the mix. The granulation can be carried out in a machine and apparatus known to those skilled in the art. Simplified, the granulation according to the invention also includes the extrusion. The granulation according to the invention can be carried out during mixing and / or subsequently either in the same mixing apparatus or in a separate granulating unit, for example pelleting or granulating plates, granulating drum, fluidized bed granulator, spray granulator or extruder.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, all the necessary substances for the formation of the basic or the total dispersion are combined in a mixing device, mixed intensively and thereby granulated or subsequently in the same Appa rat. The inven tion proper using inorganic secondary phosphate reaction between the reagent and at least a portion of the supplied phosphate of the inorganic secondary phosphate takes place during mixing and / or granulation and optionally beyond, for example, continuously until the drying of the granules produced. If necessary, a ripening time can also be integrated between the mixing and granulating or after the granulation. In this case, it is waited until the reaction between anor ganischem secondary phosphate and reactant has been sufficiently from reaching, for example, before final drying. The required adhesion of the mixture can be adjusted, for example, by the type and amount of liquid component of the components supplied, for example the liquid component or moisture, etc., and / or by the addition of additional liquids, such as water. The sticking tendency can, if appropriate in addition, also be set by different substances, such as binding medium. Surprisingly, it has been found that this preferred embodiment succeeds in realizing the mixture, the necessary reactions and the granulation in one apparatus, with good roundness in the preferred granule size range and also the granulation technology and process costs being favorable. For example, as an exemplary embodiment in this preferred embodiment, all components will be incorporated into one Intensive mixer, for example, in an intensive mixer type R Fa. Eirich, given the liquid phase content adjusted and optionally zugege ben so that by the intensive mechanical mixture a green granules with ge desired grain size, preferably in the range 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 2 to 5 mm results. It is preferred in the sense of the invention that green granules contain at least the components of the fertilizer granules but have too high a liquid phase content, eg moisture, which still has to be removed by drying.

In a likewise preferred embodiment of the invention, the granulation tion takes place on a pelletizing or granulating. For this purpose, the substances for the formation of the basic and total dispersion are fed to the pelletizing or granulating disc. Before given to at least a part of the solid components previously mixed separately. In addition, a liquid component, optionally in combination with a binder contained therein or separately supplied, is sprayed onto the components on the granulating disc. In the preferred case, the liquid component is water. The addition of the liquid component and the rotary motion form the green granules which can be dried during and / or after the granulation to form the granules. The advantage of this embodiment is that the granulation and the necessary technology are particularly cost-effective. Surprisingly, it has also been found that this simple granulation technology is less susceptible to repair in combination with this embodiment.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the granulation tion takes place in a fluidized bed or jet bed reactor, more preferably by spray granulation or spray agglomeration. Such apparatuses are known to the person skilled in the art and are offered for example by Fa. Glatt with the AGT or GF series. For this purpose, a total dispersion of basic dispersion including all optionally additional components - such as nutrient-containing compo nents, dispersants and defoamers, pH adjuster, What ser - first prepared so that when using inorganic seconds därphosphat reaction according to the invention between at least parts of the phospha Is sufficiently made of the inorganic secondary phosphate and the reactant before granulation and this total dispersion one Fluidized bed reactor can be supplied. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the supply is effected by spraying, for example by spraying over nozzles. For this, the total dispersion must be pumpable and sprayable. This can advantageously be achieved in that, for example, the proportion of liquid phase is sufficiently high, that is, for example, correspondingly necessary amounts of water are supplied. Although high amounts of liquid phase favor gen because of their lower tendency to precipitate, crystallization, gelation, etc., the stability and pumpability of the basic dispersion and simplify there with the technical operation. However, since the granules to be produced should have a clotting conditions proportion of liquid phase, in particular a humidity preferably less than 5%, more preferably less than 2%, the liquid phase must be removed energetically consuming for example in the granulation in this embodiment. It is therefore particularly preferred to adjust the height of the liquid phase in the total dispersion so that 40-70% granules, very particularly preferably 45-60%, form from the basic dispersion. In this proportion of liquid phase, a total dispersion experience has shown to be sufficiently stable and pumpable adjust, the energy expenditure for the separation of the liquid phase still acceptable. The preparation of the total dispersion can be done in a stirring container or mixer. Advantage of this preferred embodiment for granulation is that the granule size is particularly easy to adjust, the granules are very homogeneous and a particularly round and compact granular form resul benefits. These granules are easy to handle and particularly easy to deploy on fields, for example with spreaders. The compactness produces little dust and abrasion, which is also advantageous for spreading by, for example, scattering devices.

Typically, there is a requirement that granules have low moisture, ie, physically bound water. A typical requirement is in particular that a moisture content of less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, that is, that the granules have a corresponding moisture. Depending on the type of Gra nulation this requirement for the moisture already in the granulation he can be targeted. For example, take place in an advantageous manner in the spray agglomeration or granulation, where the granulation and drying occur largely simultaneously. It may be preferred for the purposes of the invention that the generated Granules are still dried after granulation or at least additionally dried nachge. For this purpose, various suitable drying technologies are available, for example contact dryers, convective dryers or radiation dryers. In contact drying, the thermal energy necessary for drying is supplied in particular by contact with heating surfaces. In the konvek tive drying necessary for drying thermal energy is in particular supplied by contact with hot gas. When radiation drying the necessary for drying thermal energy is supplied in particular by radiation defi ned frequency.

By drying, the existing liquid phase, for example the water, is separated to the required extent. Optionally, drying also increases the strength of the granules, for example by forming binding phases through drying or, for example, by forming a binding agent in this way.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the drying takes place by Ei genwärme the granules produced or is thereby at least supported. The heat is obtained by heating the granules. For example, a He heating of the granules process-related by the granulation process, for example, by entry of mechanical energy, which is converted into heat energy, or by chemical reaction. For example, the reaction between CaO and acid and / or water or the reaction between sulfuric acid and water - for example when diluted - provide exothermic energy that can be used to heat the base or total dispersion and / or the shaped granules. Advantage of this embodiment is that no drying energy from the outside must be additionally supplied.

If crystallization products from the phosphorus removal, such as struvite, brushite and / or hydroxyxlapatitähnliche Ca-P phase, the basic or total dispersion and thus are contained in the granules or green granules produced, it is preferred for the purposes of the invention that the drying in A preferred embodiment of the invention is carried out above 100 ° C., based on the material temperature during drying. These crystallization products preferably contain a large proportion of chemically bound water, which is preferential, not "moisture" in the context of the invention, but water, which is present in the crystal structure. In the range above 100 ° C, this chemically bound water is preferably split off. By tapping off the water from the granules advantageously increases the percentage of the remaining components. Thus, for example, the concentration of nutrients in the granules can be increased, which was previously diluted by the chemically bound water quasi diluted. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the drying takes place when crystallization products from the phosphorus removal are included in a range 100-140 ° C based on the material temperature during drying. It is thus very particularly preferred in the context of the invention that the drying in a temperature range between 100 and 140 ° C takes place. Above 140 ° C, there is a risk that increasingly nitrogen is split off. This is an unwanted loss of nitrogen from the granules connected. In addition, the exhaust air must be cleaned accordingly aufwendi ger. By limiting it to a temperature of max. 140 ° C in this preferred embodiment of the invention, these disadvantages can be largely avoided. In a very particular embodiment of the inven tion, the drying takes place in a temperature range between 120 ° C and 140 ° C.

There are various requirements for the production of granules. On the one hand, the granules should be as accurate as possible to produce. A size as equal as possible ensures defined, uniform decay properties, which is necessary for a targeted nutrient supply. Therefore, in the proposed method, the granule size is preferably set in a range of 0.5-10 mm. This grain size range is a typically traded specification for fertilizers. Preferably, the granule size is in a range of 2-5 mm. It has been established that granules in this area are particularly suitable for machine application in agriculture by means of spreading carriages. The adjustment of the granule size can suc conditions, for example by separation of grain fractions. Oversize and undersize is thereby separated from the good grain, ie granules in ge desired size range, and optionally the production process, in particular the mixing and / or granulation, possibly with prior conditioning and / or grinding, returned.

Furthermore, a good bond within the granules is required in order to avoid dust losses during spreading of the fertilizer even after prolonged storage. The strength of the granules can be adjusted, for example, via the process control. For example, the drying rate has an influence on the porosity and compactness and thus on the strength of the granules and can be influenced over. The strength can also be influenced for example by the nature and fineness of the raw material components or increased by the addition of Bindemit tel.

The fertilizer granules produced according to the invention may comprise one or more coatings for functionalization, e.g. Reduction of clumping tendency, increase in strength, protection, e.g. moisture, and / or controlled nutrient release, i. Influencing the solubility by the coating, he holds. Numerous methods and technologies are known to the person skilled in the art for coating, all processes and technologies which produce a desired coating being suitable here.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following embodiments. From the other subclaims and the following descrip tion further advantages, features and details of the invention can be seen. There mentioned features may be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. Thus, the disclosure of the individual nen aspects of the invention can always be mutually referenced.

Embodiment 1:

In a mixing vessel, 170 kg of water and 30 kg of nitric acid (65%) are introduced as reactants and mixed, to 100 kg of sewage sludge ash as inorganic secondary phosphate (P205 content 21, 0%, of which neutral ammonium citrate soluble 38% and <1%). water-soluble) was added and the base dispersion thus produced mixed. In this embodiment, the base dispersion is a suspension. Once the components have been merged, one becomes Incubation period of 25 minutes, during which time stirring is continued. During this incubation period, the insoluble phosphate from the sewage sludge ash at least partially reacts with the nitric acid. Due to the onset of reaction between the reactant and secondary phosphate, the raw material is heated to about 40 ° C.

After the incubation period of the basic dispersion 30 kg sewage sludge (dry substance 35% with 82% organics and 38% carbon in the dry matter) as a carbonaceous structure and 125 kg monoammonium phosphate (59% P205, 1 1, 5% N) added with stirring. The other component Monoammoniumpho sphat serves as a nutrient component, through which a defined Nährstoffzusam composition in the fertilizer produced is achieved. This total dispersion in the form of a suspension is first screened and then fed to a kontinuierli chen fluidized bed plant for spray granulation. The screening is intended to prevent the nozzles from clogging. The set layer temperature (Materi altemperatur) in the spray granulation is 78 ° C and the residence time in the Wir belschicht is longer than 10 minutes, thereby the amount of sewage sludge is sufficiently sanitized in the spray granulation. The spray granulation is further controlled so that an average granule size of 3.5 mm results. After spray granulation, granules smaller than 2 mm and granules larger than 5 mm are separated by sieving and fed to the spray granulation process as core material, the granules being ground larger than 5 mm beforehand. For spray granulation, a core material in the form of a fluidized bed is required, on which the raw material dispersion is sprayed. In the start-up phase, species-specific core material is preferably initially introduced; in the continuous process, the core material results from the recycling of the separated granulate fractions.

In the emptied mixing container, a new mixture can begin analogously to the above description for a continuous process. For a continuously ongoing process, buffer containers are accordingly installed in the granulation process steps in order to ensure the chronological sequence of the continuous, continuous granulation and discontinuous suspension production. The granules produced have a round and compact granular form in the range 2-5 mm, a total P205 content of 38%, of which 89% ammonium citrate soluble and 55% water-soluble. In the granules produced about 1, 6% carbon are contained in the supplied sewage sludge. This proportion leads to a suitable structuring of the granules, so that these granules have a particularly good dissolving behavior in the application. For all relevant pollutants, the determined concentration was below the limits of the Fertilizers Ordinance. This granules produced represents a soil and plant specific phosphate fertilizer, in this embodiment, the fertilizer effect with the very high phosphate content is in the foreground for the application.

Embodiment 2:

Analogously to Example 1, a base dispersion is produced in the form of a suspension, mixed and again adhered to an incubation time of 25 minutes.

After the incubation period, 350 kg of sewage sludge (dry matter 35% with 82% organics and 38% carbon in the dry substance) as carbonaceous structural substance and 55 kg monoammonium phosphate (59% P205, 11.5% N) are added with stirring to the base dispersion. The other component Monoam moniumphosphat serves as a nutrient component through which a defined nutrient composition is achieved in the fertilizer produced. This total dispersion, also in the form of a suspension as in Example 1, is first screened and then fed to a continuous fluidized bed system for spray granulation. The screening is intended to prevent the nozzles from stuffing. The set layer temperature and / or material temperature in the spray granulation is 80 ° C and the residence time in the layer temperature more than 10 minutes, thereby the supplied amount of sewage sludge in the spray granulation is sufficiently sanitized. The spray granulation is further controlled so that an average granule size of 3.5 mm results. After the spray granulation, granules smaller than 2 mm and granules larger than 5 mm are separated by sieving and fed to the spray granulation process as core material, the granules being ground larger than 5 mm beforehand. For spray granulation, a core material in the form of a fluidized bed is required, onto which the raw material dispersion is sprayed. In the starting phase, species-specific core material is preferably initially introduced, in the continuous process the core material results the return of the separated granule fractions. The continuous operation is ensured as described in Embodiment 1.

The granules produced have a round and compact granular form in the range 2-5 mm, a total P205 content of 18%, of which 85% ammonium citrate soluble and 52% water-soluble. The granules produced has a carbon content of about 15% from the sewage sludge supplied. For all relevant pollutants, the determined concentration was below the limits of the Fertilizer Ordinance. The granules produced corresponds to the nutrient content of a Su perphosphate and has in addition by the carbonaceous structural substance sewage sludge used here a soil-improving effect.

Embodiment 3:

In a mixing vessel of an intensive mixer (Eirich R16W) 40 kg of water and 30 kg of nitric acid (65%) are presented as reactants and mixed, to 100 kg sewage sludge ash as inorganic Sekundärphos phat (P205 content 21, 0%, of which neutral ammonium citrate soluble 38% and <1% water soluble) was added and the base dispersion thus produced was mixed. After the components have been combined, an incubation period of 15 minutes is maintained, during which time stirring is continued. Due to the incipient reaction between the reactant and the secondary phosphate, which at least partially converts the insoluble phosphate from the sewage sludge ash, the raw material dispersion heats up to approx. 60 ° C.

After the incubation period, 350 kg of sewage sludge (35% solids with 82% organics and 38% carbon in the dry substance) as carbonaceous structural substance and 55 kg monoammonium phosphate (59% P205, 1 1, 5% N) are added to the base dispersion and all together is mixed intensively. The proportion of liquid phase is significantly lower in this total dispersion than in embodiment 2 and can be described as moist with earth. The proportion of the liquid phase is adjusted so that the green granules are formed from the soil-moist total dispersion. If necessary, by adding a small amount of water, the tendency of the total dispersion to increase slightly can be increased.

The green granules formed are then at 1 10 ° C for longer than 10 Dried and fractionated in 2-5 mm. The fraction smaller than 2 mm and the fraction larger than 5 mm are recycled after previously grinding the next granulation. Due to the listed drying, the supplied part of sewage sludge is sufficiently sanitized.

The granules produced have a round granular form in the range 2-5 mm, a total P205 content of 18%, of which 79% are ammonium citrate-soluble and 50% water-soluble. The granules produced have a carbon content of about 15% from the sewage sludge supplied. The granules produced corresponds to the nutrient content of a superphosphate and has in addition by the carbon-containing structural substance sewage sludge used here a soil-improving effect. The granules produced is therefore identical in its material composition of the granules produced in Example 2. Due to the lower proportion of liquid phase, however, much less water must be evaporated in this embodiment, which saves considerable energy.

Embodiment 4

In a mixing vessel of an intensive mixer (Eirich R16W) 20 kg of water and 50 kg of sulfuric acid (80%) are presented as reactants and mixed, to 100 kg sewage sludge ash as inorganic Sekundärphos phat (P205 content 21, 0%, of which neutral ammonium citrate soluble 38% and <1% water soluble) was added and the base dispersion thus produced was mixed. After the components have been combined, an incubation period of 15 minutes is maintained, during which time stirring is continued. During this incubation period, the insoluble phosphate from the sewage sludge ash at least partially reacts with the sulfuric acid. Due to the onset of reaction between the reaction medium and secondary phosphate, the raw material dispersion heats up to approx. 60 ° C.

After the incubation period, 30 kg of sewage sludge (dry substance 35% with 82% organics and 38% carbon in the dry substance) as carbonaceous structural substance and as further components for adjusting the nutrient composition 50 kg urea and 92 kg monoammonium phosphate (59% P205, 1 1.5% N) is added and everything is mixed thoroughly. The proportion of the liquid phase is adjusted so that the earth-moist Total dispersion form the green granules. If necessary, the tendency of the total dispersion to increase slightly can be increased by adding small amounts of water. This green granules are then dried at 1 10 ° C for more than 10 minutes and fractionated into particle sizes of 2-5 mm. The fraction smaller than 2 mm and the fraction larger than 5 mm, after previous application, can be recycled to that of the next granulation. As a result of the drying carried out, the proportion of sewage sludge supplied is sufficiently hygienized.

The granules produced have a round granular form in the range 2-5 mm, a total P205 content of 27%, 87% of which are ammonium citrate-soluble and 55% water-soluble, have an N content of 12% and an S content of 5% , In the granules produced about 1, 3% carbon contained in the sewage sludge supplied. This proportion of carbon leads to a suitable structuring of the granules, so that these granules hold in use a particularly good Lösever. For all relevant pollutants, the determined concentration was below the limits of the Fertilizers Ordinance. This granules produced represents a soil and plant specific NP fertilizer, in this imple mentation example, the fertilizer effect with the very high phosphate content in the foreground for the application stands.

Embodiment 5:

In a mixing vessel of an intensive mixer (Eirich R16W) 40 kg of water 100 kg, 60 kg sewage sludge (dry matter 35% with 82% organics and 38% carbon in the dry matter) as a carbonaceous structural material and as further components to adjust the nutrient composition 30 kg Urea and 75 kg of monoammonium phosphate (59% P205, 1 1, 5% N) was added. The struvite is preferably the product "Berlin plant", which was previously ground to powder fineness.

In this embodiment, no inorganic secondary phosphate, but Struvit son used. Since the struvite itself already has a high ammonium citrate solubility, it is not necessary to supply a reagent. Accordingly, no incubation time for the reaction of the reaction medium with the inorganic secondary phosphate must be maintained.

The total dispersion is mixed intensively. The proportion of the liquid phase is adjusted so that the green granules form from the soil-moist total dispersion. If necessary, the adhesion tendency of the total dispersion can be increased slightly by adding small amounts of water. This green granules are then dried at 120 ° C for more than 10 minutes and fractionated in 2-5 mm. The fraction less than 2 mm and the fraction greater than 5 mm, after previous grinding, can be returned to the next granulation. The listed drying of the supplied sludge is sufficiently sanitized and expelled a significant amount of water of crystallization from the struvite. The granules produced have a round granular form in the range 2-5 mm, a total P205 content of 46%, of which 95% ammonium citrate soluble and 48% water soluble, an N content of 18% and a MgO content of 1 1% on. In the granules produced about 3.5% carbon from the supplied sewage sludge are included. This proportion of carbon leads to a suitable structuring of the granules, so that these granules have a particularly good solubility in the application. For all relevant pollutants, the determined concentration was below the limits of the Fertilizers Ordinance. This he testified granules represents a soil and plant-specific NP fertilizer, in this embodiment, the fertilizer effect with the very high phosphate content is in the foreground for the application.

Claims

claims

A pedosphere-improving granule having a phosphate content greater than 60% neutral ammonium citrate soluble, preparable by a process comprising the steps of:

a) production of a total dispersion comprising at least one carbon-containing structural material with at least one carbon content of 0.1% and

b) further comprising at least one inorganic secondary phosphate in combination with at least one reactant or at least one struvite and

c) Carrying out granulation or extrusion.

2. A process for the preparation of a pedosphere-improving granulate having a phosphate content of greater than 60% neutral ammonium citrate is soluble, comprising the steps:

c) Carrying out granulation or extrusion.

3. Granules according to claim 1 or method according to claim 2,

characterized in that

at least one inorganic secondary phosphate and at least one reac tion medium are fed to a base dispersion, wherein an incubation time between inorganic secondary phosphate and reactant between see see 10 to 500 minutes is maintained, whereby the Neutralammoni umcitratlöslichkeit the supplied with the inorganic secondary phosphate th phosphate by reaction with the at least a reagent is increased and the P205 portion of the inorganic secondary phosphate in the fertilizer granules greater than 60% neutral ammoniumcitratlöslich.

4. Granules according to one or more of claims 1 or 3 or method according to one or more of claims 2 or 3

characterized in that

the pedosphere-improving granules contain a carbon content of 5 to 50%.

5. Granules according to one or more of claims 1, 3 or 4 or procedural ren according to one or more of claims 2, 3 or 4

characterized in that

the pedosphere-improving granules contain a carbon content of 0.1 to less than 5%.

6. Granules according to one or more of claims 1 or 3 to 5 or Ver drive one or more of claims 2 to 5,

characterized,

that in the total dispersion in total from 1 to 70% of crystallization products based on the finished pedosphärenverbessernde granules of a

Phosphorelimination are included.

7. Granules according to one or more of claims 1 or 3 to 6 or Ver drive one or more of claims 2 to 6,

characterized in that

a drying above 100 ° C based on the material temperature during drying takes place.

8. Granules according to one or more of claims 1 or 3 to 7 or Ver drive one or more of claims 2 to 7,

characterized in that

the pH of the total dispersion is within a range of 4-8.

9. Granules according to one or more of claims 1 or 3 to 8 or Ver drive one or more of claims 2 to 8,

characterized in that

followed by fractionation of the produced pedosphere-improving granules after granulation, wherein a coarse fraction and / or a fine fraction is ground and at least partially feedable to the base dispersion, the total dispersion or the granulation.

10. Granules according to one or more of claims 1 or 3 to 9 or Ver drive one or more of claims 2 to 9,

characterized in that

an earth-moist total dispersion with a moisture content of 5% to 40% is produced and the granulation is carried out with a granulating or intensive mixer.

1 1. Granules according to one or more of claims 1 or 3 to 10 or process of one or more of claims 2 to 10,

characterized in that

a total dispersion in the form of a suspension having a solids content of less than 60% is produced and the granulation is carried out in a fluidized bed or jet bed reactor.

12. Device for the production of granules according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 3 to 1 1, comprising

^■ at least one first mixing container, in which or at least one carbonaceous structural material and further at least one inorganic secondary phosphate in combination with at least egg NEM reactant or at least one Struvite be supplied and miscible, wherein in the case of supplying a anorgani's secondary phosphate in combination with a reaction medium for the required incubation time either this first Mischbe container is used and / or more containers are provided for this purpose, into which the basic or total dispersion for the incubation period is transferred and can be mixed,

13. Device according to claim 12,

characterized in that

the granulating and / or extruding unit is an intensive mixer, a granulator or a fluidized bed or jet bed reactor.

14. Device according to claim 12 or 13,

characterized in that

after the granulating and / or extruding unit, a drying unit for drying the produced granules / extrudates adjoins or is integrated therewith.

15. Coated or uncoated fertilizer granules

characterized in that

the fertilizer granules at least one inorganic secondary phosphate or a struvite and at least a carbon content of 0.1%, and a greater than 60% neutral ammonium citrate soluble P205 content based on the total phosphate content in the fertilizer granules.

16. Coated or uncoated fertilizer granules according to claim 15, characterized in that

the fertilizer granules at least one inorganic secondary phosphate or comprises a struvite and at least one carbon content of 0.1%, a greater than 60% neutral ammonium citrate soluble and less than 40% water soluble P205 content based on the total phosphate content in the fertilizer granules.

17. Coated or uncoated fertilizer granules according to claim 15 or 16

characterized in that

the fertilizer granules in total 0.1 to 25% humic acid, fulvic acid, their salts and / or in total from 0.1 to 30% organic acid and / or one or more crystallization products from the phosphorus removal a Kon concentration range between 1 to 70%.

18. Use of the fertilizer granules according to one or more of claims 15 to 17 for nutrient supply in agriculture, forestry and / or in the

horticulture

characterized in that

the fertilizer granules comprise at least one inorganic secondary phosphate or at least one struvite, and a greater than 60% neutral ammonium citrate-soluble P205 content.