EP3721259A1 - Verfahren und anordnung zur bestimmung der geschwindigkeit eines fahrzeugsx - Google Patents
Verfahren und anordnung zur bestimmung der geschwindigkeit eines fahrzeugsxInfo
- Publication number
- EP3721259A1 EP3721259A1 EP19704196.5A EP19704196A EP3721259A1 EP 3721259 A1 EP3721259 A1 EP 3721259A1 EP 19704196 A EP19704196 A EP 19704196A EP 3721259 A1 EP3721259 A1 EP 3721259A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- speed
- image
- vehicle
- antenna
- images
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S13/60—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems wherein the transmitter and receiver are mounted on the moving object, e.g. for determining ground speed, drift angle, ground track
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
- G01S13/9029—SAR image post-processing techniques specially adapted for moving target detection within a single SAR image or within multiple SAR images taken at the same time
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for
- Speed of a vehicle is of great importance as it is used as a parameter for various regulatory and
- Control systems of the vehicle is used. These can be in particular assistance systems for the vehicle driver or also systems for autonomous driving of the vehicle. In known rail vehicles, the specific
- the speed of, for example, a rail vehicle can be derived from the rotational speed and the rolling circumference of the wheels of a wheel set, wherein the rotational speed is determined, for example, by means of a speed sensor arranged on the wheel set.
- the exact circumference of the wheels of a rail vehicle can be derived from the rotational speed and the rolling circumference of the wheels of a wheel set, wherein the rotational speed is determined, for example, by means of a speed sensor arranged on the wheel set.
- the difference between the amount assumed for the speed determination and the actual volume is the determination of the speed with a certain amount
- the speed of the rail vehicle is often determined additionally or redundantly by other means.
- the speed of the rail vehicle is often determined additionally or redundantly by other means.
- the speed of the vehicle is determined based on a distance traveled during a time period, the distance covered using
- Positioning systems such as GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) or GALILEO, based on transit time measurements of satellite signals is determined.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System
- GALILEO Global Navigation Satellite System
- one or more such receivers are arranged, for example, on the roof of the vehicle.
- these systems are disadvantageous inaccurate or unsuitable if no line of sight of the receiver or the receiver to a plurality of
- Satellites exist, for example, in tunnels, underground routes or when driving on higher mountains or buildings lined roads.
- a radar arranged in the underfloor region of a car body of the rail vehicle and directed at an angle to the horizontal in the direction of travel on the route or the track bed for determining the speed of the rail vehicle.
- radars the term radar stands for RAdio Detection And Ranging, compared to optical sensors have the advantage that on the one hand to capture a section itself Illuminate and thus no additional light source
- Unmodulated Continuous Wave (CW) radar is commonly used for this purpose, which is based on speed
- Unmodulated radar signals or electromagnetic waves are radiated, for example, in a frequency range around 24GHz as a sub-frequency range of the so-called ISM frequency bands (Industrial, Scientific and Medical radio bands) from a transmitting antenna of the radar, reflected from objects or structures with a wavelength for the Radar signal sufficient roughness
- ISM frequency bands Industrial, Scientific and Medical radio bands
- Reception antenna received. Such reflected or
- Backscattered signals are also called echoes. If the radar and the reflective object have a relative speed relative to one another, then the frequency of the received signals differs from the frequency of the radiated signals. From the frequency offset between these frequencies, a relative velocity can be determined, since the frequency offset is proportional to the velocity of the
- Radiation emission of radar signals through the transmitting antenna is an assignment of Doppler frequencies to individual reflective or backscattering objects not possible, making this type of velocity determination has the disadvantage that there is no unambiguousness with respect to the objects and as a result, the speed also only with a certain Uncertainty can be determined.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a more accurate and reliable system and method for determining the speed of a vehicle. This object is achieved by the method and the arrangement according to the features of the independent claims. Further developments of the invention are in each dependent claims
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining a speed of a vehicle with the
- Steps receiving by means of a radar with
- Raw image data wherein a reference speed is taken into account for the generation of a respective image, evaluating at least one generated image with respect to
- At least one criterion selecting an image depending on the rating, and determining the speed of the vehicle based on at least one information associated with the selected image.
- Images of the scanned route can thereby from the image raw data provided by the radar by means of known
- Each image includes a respective section of the scanned by the radar route.
- the algorithm takes into account for the generation of the image a reference speed, which is preferably already in the range of the actual speed of the vehicle.
- the subsequent evaluation of the generated image on the basis of at least one criterion is used to estimate whether the reference velocity of the actual
- the reference speed taken into account for the image generation can be varied or, for example, another generated image can be evaluated until a
- Method is determined in the step of the evaluation for the generated image, a degree of focus, and evaluated as a criterion of the particular degree of focus.
- information is determined on the basis of which, in the step of determining, the speed of the vehicle was taken into account, which took into account the generation of the image
- the degree of focus of an image can be determined by means of a
- Reference speed affects the degree of focus of an image can be determined based on the specific degree of focus, whether the image with a
- the image was thus generated with a reference speed that does not at least close to the actual speed at the time of sampling, in one or more subsequent iterations
- Reference speed varies and generates a respective image based on the same received image raw data, the degree of focus is again determined and evaluated. These iterations are carried out in particular until an image has been generated which is sufficiently good
- Focusing degree or until an abort criterion, such as a timeout, leads to an image from raw image data of a subsequent scan is generated.
- the generated image is compared with a further image and a criterion of a similarity of the images is evaluated.
- a similarity of images can be assessed in particular by means of a correlation known from signal processing or an autocorrelation known from image processing.
- the correlation of images allows recognition of certain objects or structures. This makes it possible to move a particular example
- the detection of the movement by means of a correlation of images generated from raw image data of different antennas of the radar. These antennas have a certain distance in the direction of travel of the vehicle to each other. In this alternative, for example, starting from a generated image
- Raw image data of a first antenna correlates with a generated image from raw image data of a second antenna of the radar in order to determine a similarity of the two generated images, for example with respect to an object or a structure. If there is sufficient similarity of the images or a respective subregion of the images in which the object or the structure is contained, the image of the second antenna for the velocity determination is selected. If, on the other hand, there is no sufficient similarity of the images, in one or more subsequent iterations a respective different image of the second antenna is correlated with the image of the first antenna. These iterations are carried out in particular until an image of the second antenna has been determined which has a sufficient similarity with the image of the first antenna, or until an abort criterion, for example a
- Timeout causes a different image of the first antenna to serve as the basis for correlation with images of the second antenna.
- Time of generation of the image assigned determines the speed of the vehicle.
- a time difference between the images of the first and second antenna can be determined in the alternative detection described above.
- the duration is determined until an object initially scanned by the first antenna or a scanned structure is subsequently also scanned by the second antenna. From this specific duration or the time difference between the times of the generated images and the distance between the first and the second antenna of the radar, finally, the speed can be calculated.
- Speed or a speed determined by means of another device for speed determination is a speed determined by means of another device for speed determination.
- the reference speed is taken into account for the generation of images from received raw image data. It is also important, for example, in the evaluation according to the criterion of the similarity of images, a time difference between the
- this reference speed results in the evaluation according to the criterion of the degree of focus Image shows that a first image evaluated in the new cycle has been generated with a reference velocity that can only be limited or differentiated from the speed determined in the previous cycle. This in turn advantageously leads to the fact that a required number of images to be generated can be kept low.
- a speed can be taken into account for generating in particular a first image or for a first cycle of the method which was determined by another device for determining the speed of the vehicle.
- a further device determines the speed of the vehicle in a known manner, for example based on signals from at least one other radar, one or more speed sensors or a satellite-based
- the reference speed can also initially be assumed to be zero.
- a second aspect of the present invention relates to an arrangement for determining a speed of a
- the arrangement at least one synthetic aperture radar, which scans a travel distance of the vehicle by means of at least one transmitting and at least one receiving antenna, a
- Speed determination device comprising at least one processor device and a memory device, by means of which images of the scanned travel route are generated from raw image data received by the radar taking into account a reference speed, at least one generated image with respect to at least one criterion
- the arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to carry out the method according to the invention according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the specific speed of the vehicle or an information representing this can, for example, by means of an interface of the arrangement further
- Brake control device of the vehicle to be supplied.
- Such an interface can be realized in particular wired or wireless, in particular radio-based.
- the speed determination device is designed to compare the at least one generated image with another image and to evaluate a similarity of the images as a criterion.
- the speed-determining device is configured to use as reference speed a speed determined by another device for speed determination for the generation of the at least one image
- Such a further device is, for example, a known device described in the introduction, which
- the device may be at least partially implemented in or separate from the housing of the device.
- the speed determined by this device or information representing the speed is supplied via an interface to the speed-determining device.
- the interface can be a wired or wireless, in particular radio-based, interface using known transmission protocols
- the synthetic aperture radar is configured as a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar.
- FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
- the radar may in particular have a transmitting antenna and a
- Receiving antenna or a transmitting antenna and at least two receiving antennas have.
- the transmitting and receiving antennas can each be designed as a known so-called integrated patch antenna, in which a plurality of patches on a substrate a resulting
- the antennas can also be designed as horn radiators.
- the antennas of the radar are according to the use of the
- Aligned radar is also called side view radar
- the speed determination device is configured to control a change in a radiation direction of the at least one transmission antenna of the radar. If the transmitting antenna of the radar as a known so-called phased array antenna (English: Phased Array Antenna) is designed, in which the
- Antenna diagram for example by feeding individual emitters or patches with a different phase can be pivoted electronically, in particular the angle to the plane of the route or the vertical axis of the antenna pattern of the transmitting antenna can be changed.
- the emission direction can also be changed mechanically, in particular by tilting or pivoting of a housing in or on which the antennas are arranged, by means of a tilting or pivoting device.
- a change in the emission direction may be particularly useful if the surface of the route scanned by the radar is not suitable for determining the speed of the vehicle on the basis of a rating of generated images of the surface. In particular, this may occur at a surface of the route, which does not have sufficient roughness for a reflection of radar waves, or
- a lack of suitability of the route can be determined in particular in the evaluation of an image by the speed determination device, after which the device is a change of the emission direction, for example an electronic
- Panning at least the transmitting antenna drives By means of a change in the emission direction, transmission signals can be transmitted
- Another area or section of the route to be directed which has a sufficient roughness or objects or structures with a suitable geometry or electrical properties that allow evaluation of generated images.
- Antenna diagram of the at least one receiving antenna can in such a case according to the change of the
- a third aspect of the present invention finally relates to a vehicle which has at least one inventive arrangement or means for performing the method according to the invention.
- the arrangement according to the invention can cover a large speed range by the use of a synthetic aperture radar, in particular a range of almost zero up to 500 km / h when using a
- Frequency bands in the frequency range of 24GHz are characterized for use in track-bound vehicles, especially trams, subways, locomotives or trainsets for local and long-distance traffic to the
- unmarked vehicles in particular motor vehicles for passenger and goods transport, including
- Speed determination of a vehicle for example, to increase redundancy or replace one of these known systems, at least temporarily.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a
- FIG. 3 shows a further view of the arrangement in FIG.
- 4a, b are schematic plan views of a housing of the
- FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 a coordinate system is respectively indicated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, in which the mutually perpendicular longitudinal axis L, transverse axis Q and vertical axis H are shown.
- Longitudinal axis L also defines the direction of travel F of the vehicle and, with respect to the radar with synthetic
- Range R corresponds with respect to the radar, however, the so-called Range R.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a side view of a
- Rail vehicle 1 as an example of a vehicle according to the invention.
- the rail vehicle 1 is exemplified as an electric multiple unit for passenger transport with a plurality of cars, in the upper part of FIG 1 by way of example a first end car 2 and a verkuppelter with this first center car 3, and in the lower part of FIG 1 with the first Central car 3 verkuppelter second middle car 3 and a coupled with this second end car 2 are shown. More middle cars to increase the number of people to be transported can be provided.
- the illustrated cars 2, 3 each have a car body 4, which has two
- Bogies 5 supported in the form of propulsion or running bogies on rails, not shown.
- two bogies per wagon body as indicated in FIG. 1, in particular in the region of the transitions between the end wagons 2 and the respectively adjacent one
- Middle car 3 and between the two middle cars 3 also common bogies, especially so-called Jakobs- bogies, are provided.
- the end cars 2 are each subdivided into a plurality of spatial areas with respect to the longitudinal axis L, for example.
- Areas are on the one hand a driver's cab or head module 6 in front or rear area, on the other hand to the
- Car body 4 of the end car 2 and middle car 3 enclosing a passenger compartment 7, in which seats for passengers and their luggage can be provided.
- the passenger compartments 7 of the carriages 2, 3 can be entered and left by passengers via doors arranged in side walls of the vehicle bodies 4, not shown. Furthermore, passengers can get over car transitions 8 in the passenger compartment 7 of the adjacent carriage 2, 3.
- Such car transitions 8 are usually by wave or bellows ago
- the middle car 3 are usually
- traction motors are arranged, for example, in the right bogie 5 of the first end car 2, which is designed as a drive bogie, and in the left bogie of the second end car 2. Further bogies of the trainset can, in particular depending on the required drive power, also be equipped with traction motors.
- the supply of traction motors for example, via a respective, arranged in the underfloor area of the car body 4 of the end car 2 transformer whose primary winding, for example via a roof on the first
- Center car 3 arranged pantograph with a
- Catenary can be electrically connected. On the
- the car bodies 4 usually each at least one
- Air conditioning arranged, which serves the air conditioning of the underlying passenger compartment 7.
- other components especially control devices, auxiliary services and facilities for their supply can be arranged in the same way on the roof, in the underfloor area or in the interior of the car bodies.
- End car 2 is an example of a respective arrangement 9 according to the invention or parts of the arrangement 9 according to the invention.
- the respective arrangement 9 comprises, in addition to a synthetic aperture radar (SAR), further devices, as will be explained in greater detail with reference to FIG. 4 in particular.
- the assembly 9 has a closed housing 10 for placement therein or thereon
- transmitting and receiving antennas of the SAR and possibly another radar are arranged while in the housing
- Means are arranged for generating transmission signals for one or more transmitting antennas as well as for converting and processing received echoes of these signals. Parts of these facilities can thereby also in a separate housing or container, optionally together with other facilities of the electrical equipment of the trainset on the roof, in the car body 4 or in the underfloor area of the
- Arrangement 9 or the SAR in the underfloor area of the car body 4 is to ensure that the range of the signal radiation of a transmitting antenna of the SAR free of obstacles or
- the arrangement 9 can also be arranged in the underfloor area of the central car 3 as an alternative to the representation in FIG.
- the provision of two arrangements 9 serves, for example, an advantageous redundancy for increasing the reliability and the accuracy of the system.
- an arrangement 9 can also be a respective one
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an exemplary attachment of the arrangement 9 according to the invention
- the housing 10 of the assembly 9 is over one or more
- Brackets 11, in the FIG 2 are two by way of example
- Brackets or frame parts of the car body Mounts specified 11, mechanically attached to the bottom, in particular to struts or frame parts of the car body.
- the brackets 11 serve in particular a position-stable and low-vibration attachment of the housing 10 to the car body 4.
- three antennas of the SAR are arranged by way of example, as patch antennas with a
- a transmission antenna 12 arranged, for example, in the middle of the side wall of the housing 10, a first 13.1 and a second receiving antenna 13.2 are arranged.
- the longitudinal side of the housing 10 is aligned parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the trainset.
- Receiving antennas 13.1, 13.2 are in particular for the approach of evaluation of generated images by means of a
- Focusing basically only one receiving antenna is sufficient. Also could for the latter approach also a single patch antenna, the majority of patches are divided into respective send and receive patches, are sufficient. For the former approach, two transmit antennas with a respectively assigned receive antenna may alternatively be provided.
- Signals 19 of the transmitting antenna 12 of the SAR according to the orientation in the known use for remote sensing mainly in the direction of the transverse axis Q and in the direction of a vertical axis H below the car body 4 located portion of the route.
- Transmitter antenna scanned by the antenna diagram and the distance to the route section of the route scanned by the radar.
- FIG 2 shows a section
- This usually has a track bed 15 made of ballast stones on which at intervals and across the
- Driving direction F thresholds 16 are located, on which in turn parallel rails 17 are mounted in the direction of travel F.
- the sleepers 16 are made of concrete, wood or steel, for example, and serve to keep the rails 17 at a certain distance from one another, the so-called
- suitable fastening means 18 in particular nails
- the so-called superstructure W used in the so-called Epsilon- clamps are mounted in W-shaped recesses of the thresholds by means of sleeper screws.
- FIG. 3 shows the above-described situation of FIG. 2 in a view opposite to the direction of travel F of the multiple unit, to clarify the exemplary attachment of the train
- Carriage 4 As already described above with respect to FIG 1, the car body 4 is based on bogies on the rails 17 from.
- the outlines of wheels 20 of such a bogie are shown in FIG 3 by means of dashed lines, which are located outside the section shown in Figure 2 and in FIG.
- the housing 10 of the assembly 9 is mechanically secured via one or more brackets 11 on the underside of the car body 4.
- brackets 11 On the longitudinal side or side wall of the housing 10 are the
- Transmit antenna 12 according to the orientation of a SAR in the remote sensing, i. in the direction of the transverse axis Q or at an angle to this, and at an angle to the vertical axis H in the direction of the track bed 15.
- the orientation of the housing 10 or the antennas 12, 13.1, 13.2 should preferably by means of a suitable embodiment of the Mounts 11 may be adjustable to select a suitable area of the trackbed to be scanned.
- an alternative embodiment of the housing 10 of the arrangement 9 is shown by way of example. According to this
- Embodiment is only the side wall of the housing 10, to which the transmitting and receiving antennas 12, 13.1, 13.2
- Thresholds and rail mounting brackets are integrated for greater stability and positional security of the rails. Due to a generally much lower roughness of concrete slabs compared to ballast stones is such
- the angle to the vertical axis H of the radiation through the transmitting antenna 12 should be in such a situation
- alternative objects or structures that allow a meaningful evaluation of generated images are scanned by means of the radar.
- alternative objects may, for example, the above-mentioned tension clamps and sleeper screws for attaching the rails to the
- a change in the angle of radiation towards such objects Structures can be indicated by a mechanical pivoting or tilting of the housing 10, indicated by a dashed double arrow next to the left side wall of the housing 10, or
- the holder 11 may for example have one or more electric servomotors, hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders, which can change the angle of the housing to the vertical axis H by driving. In this case, the holder 11 and the housing 10th
- two defined positions each having a certain angle of radiation of the transmitting antenna
- the antenna pattern can be pivoted electronically by suitable control, so that a mechanical
- Pivoting or tilting of the housing 10 is not required.
- a further transmitting antenna 21 and a receiving antenna 22 are provided on the front or end wall of the housing 10, viewed in the direction of travel F.
- Doppler effect determines the speed of the vehicle.
- Underfloor area of a car body is arranged and
- Substrate sends, in FIG 3 by way of example
- Transmission antenna 21 outgoing waves 24 shown, in particular parts of this radar can also be integrated in or on the housing 10 of the arrangement 9 according to the invention.
- care must be taken that echoes from their radiations can not be received by the receiving antennas of the SAR or with echoes from
- a single patch antenna can be used, the patches are assigned to either the transmission or the reception branch.
- the speed determined by this additional radar can be used, for example, as a reference speed and as a redundant speed, in particular for drive and brake controls of the rail vehicle.
- FIGS. 4a shows a schematic plan view of the housing 10 of the assembly 9 and an exemplary general overview of the components arranged therein.
- transmitting and receiving antennas 12 or 13.1, 13.2 of the SAR are arranged on a side wall of the housing, while a respective transmitting and receiving antenna 21 or 22 of an unmodulated continuous wave radar is located on the end wall in the direction of travel F. are arranged.
- the antenna units are each one or more electronic devices 25 and 26 for the generation of high-frequency transmission signals and processing of received signals, including a
- Amplification, filtering and conversion of signals upstream or downstream can be used in particular for the corresponding devices of the radars when used for remote sensing or speed determination
- Speed determining device 27 is provided in the housing 10 to which the devices 25, 26 are connected.
- the speed determination device 27 comprises
- Memory device by means of which received and converted into a digital format signals can be processed according to the inventive method described below.
- At least one electrical interface 28 for the supply of electrical energy to the speed-determining device 27 and the devices 25, 26 or to their power supply units is furthermore provided on the housing 10.
- a further interface 29 on the housing 10 can also an exchange of information with other facilities of the trainset, in particular with respect to the
- Such an interface 29 may be wired, in particular electrically or optically, or else cable-free, in particular as a radio interface.
- the SAR is designed such that on the side wall of the housing 10, in the direction of travel F
- Receiving antenna 12.1, 13.1 or 12.2, 13.2 is arranged. Each combination is assigned by way of example a device 25.1 or 25.2, which in turn is connected to the central speed determination device 27.
- the arrangement of the antennas on the side wall and the expression of the respective antenna diagram of the transmitting antenna is such that echoes of emitted signals of the first transmitting antenna 12.1 can be received exclusively or mainly from the first receiving antenna 13.1, while echoes of signals of the second transmitting antenna 12.2
- Reception antenna 13.2 can be received.
- the receiving antennas are arranged by way of example at a distance from each other, which corresponds to the distance of the receiving antennas 13.1, 13.2 of the embodiment of FIG 4a.
- Speed determining device 27 together with other electrical or electronic devices of the vehicle in another housing, container or
- Switch cabinet especially within a car body, be useful.
- this can also reduce the volume of the housing 10, thereby possibly allowing a simpler or more flexible arrangement of the housing in the underfloor area of the carriage.
- Synthetic aperture and algorithms for generating images from raw image data of such a radar explained before with reference to FIGS 5 and 6, two exemplary approaches for determining the speed of a vehicle based on generated images are described.
- a synthetic aperture radar belongs to the class of imaging radars and is used in particular for remote sensing of the earth. For this purpose, such a radar
- Two-dimensional recording of a section of the surface to win The direction of movement is referred to in the literature as azimuth or along track, the transverse direction as a range or cross track. Furthermore, the
- a footprint Area that the real antenna captures at a time, referred to in the literature as a footprint, as well as the terrain stripe that this footprint passes through the movement of the real antenna, referred to as swath (English: Swath).
- a radar with real aperture (English: Real Aperture Radar, abbreviated RAR), in which a beam width and so that the possible resolution in the direction of movement depends on the physical length of the antenna and is therefore limited
- RAR Real Aperture Radar
- the length of the antenna can be increased and advantageously a higher resolution in the dimension of the direction of movement can be achieved.
- radar pulses or signals are emitted sequentially and receive the amplitude and phase of echoes of these signals and in an echo memory
- Echoes of objects within the sampled swath are received and stored as long as they are within the beam width or the footprint of the antenna, whereby a high angular resolution is achieved.
- a very narrow effective beam width of the antenna By processing the history of the echoes with respect to their respective Doppler shift a very narrow effective beam width of the antenna and thus advantageously a high resolution in the direction of movement is achieved, which is also independent of the distance of the antenna to the earth's surface.
- image coordinates are acquired by means of a distance measurement.
- Continuous wave radar (English: Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave, abbreviated FMCW).
- FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
- a received wave By ramping through a particular frequency band, a received wave can be assigned to a precise transmission time within the signal duration, from which the distance of an object whose echo is received can be determined.
- the maximum distance within which an assignment is possible, as well as the distance resolution are the steepness of the frequency change as well as the
- Frequency bandwidth of the transmitter or receiver is a suitable compromise between the maximum distance and find the range resolution for the specific application.
- a first mode the so-called scan mode, allows under
- phased array antenna with digital or analog beamforming large-area recordings by pivoting the antenna beam or the
- a disadvantage is a comparatively low resolution in the transverse direction, which can be achieved with this mode.
- a second mode is also based on the use of a phased array antenna, but this is the antenna beam to a specific
- the antenna beam is not swiveled in the transverse direction, so that the scanning takes place along a parallel to the direction of moving terrain strip.
- This mode is used in particular for the remote sensing of the earth, in which by means of the SAR linear areas are detected.
- the stripmap mode is also in the
- Algorithm for example by means of the so-called range Doppler, chirp scaling or frequency scaling algorithm. These algorithms are each able to digitize raw image data of the SAR by means of suitable digital
- the range Doppler algorithm advantageously has a comparatively accurate approach to the exact SAR transfer function, making it particularly suitable for use in the method according to the invention.
- the algorithm thereby performs a compression of the image raw data in the two mutually orthogonal dimensions movement direction (azimuth, A) and transverse direction (range, R) with the target, contained in the image raw data and both in
- Range Compression Azimuth FFT
- Range Cell Migration Correction abbreviated RCMC
- the range Doppler algorithm can be simplified in the inventive use under certain conditions and the processing of raw image data can be accelerated thereby.
- the processing of raw image data can be accelerated thereby.
- Transverse direction as an alternative to the signal-matched filtering carried out therein by means of a so-called matched filter, a direct evaluation of a Frequency difference between a transmitted signal and the received echo possible. Further, from the performance of the first and the fourth of the above-mentioned four steps of the range Doppler algorithm, the compression in the transverse direction (Range Compression) and in the
- Movement direction (Azimuth Compression), provided that by means of the second (Azimuth FFT) and third step (RCMC) already an image with a sufficient
- Speed can be gained. Due to the simplified generation of images, an iterative processing, which is described in more detail below, is advantageously made possible for determining the speed of the vehicle. To increase the accuracy of the subsequent evaluation of the images and in particular the accuracy of the derived therefrom
- the speed of the first and fourth steps of the algorithm can be performed in a known manner, as long as the speed of processing allows it.
- the second, third and fourth steps (Azimuth FFT, RCMC and Azimuth Compression) of the Range Doppler algorithm take into account each separately detected speed.
- the primary object of the present invention is not the generation of images but the use of images to determine the speed of the vehicle by means of them. According to the invention, the determination of the current speed of the vehicle based on a rating of images, taking into account a
- a first approach concerns evaluation by means of a
- Movement data of the aircraft by means of, for example, an inertial navigation system are thereby additionally
- the aim of the first approach according to the invention on the basis of a determination of a degree of focus is to obtain from a
- a plurality of images generated at different reference speeds to determine an image, which has a good degree of focus. This image was generated at a reference speed that was accurate or sufficient exactly the actual speed of the vehicle
- 5 shows a flowchart 200 of an exemplary
- Circuits of the speed determination device 27, as shown in Figures 4a and 4b, can run.
- This first method step 201 is only at a
- digitized raw image data is received by the SAR of the vehicle and in a subsequent third method step 203 from the
- Raw image data for example by means of an above
- the described range Doppler algorithm generates an image.
- the digitized image raw data are, for example, from the device 25 or 25.1 from the first
- Reception antenna 13.1 echoes received by broadcasts of the transmitting antenna 12 and the first transmitting antenna 12.1 of
- Algorithm is supplied by means of a fourth method step 204.
- This reference speed may have been determined in a fifth method step 205,
- Speed of the vehicle in particular based on a Doppler shift, speed information of one or more speed sensors or data of a satellite-based positioning system.
- the feeder of the fifth Process step 205 specific reference speed takes place, for example, only once at a
- first-time operation of the above-described steps of the range Doppler algorithm or in a first cycle of the method in particular when the vehicle sets itself from the status of a standstill new or again in motion, in a first course of the algorithm, first a speed of zero or a minimum speed of 0.2 km / h, for example, be assumed.
- first a speed of zero or a minimum speed of 0.2 km / h for example, be assumed.
- Memory device correspond to cached speed of the vehicle.
- the reference speed determined in the fifth method step 205 may be determined by further units or components of the vehicle control,
- redundant speed value continue to be considered in a known manner.
- Reference speed is determined in a subsequent sixth step 206, the degree of focus of the generated image using one of the above-exemplified algorithms for focus calculation.
- Focusing degree of the generated image is evaluated in a subsequent seventh step 207. If the
- Focusing grade in the seventh method step 207 is evaluated as not sufficiently good (branch "no"), the
- Reference speed in the fourth step 204 by a predetermined amount, for example by 0.05km / h or 0.1km / h, increased or decreased to the Range Doppler algorithm for re-processing the same received image raw data to generate another
- Step 208 is the underlying
- predetermined threshold for the degree of focus is the particular value of the degree of focus above or equal to this threshold
- Threshold value the degree of focus is rated as sufficiently good (branch "yes") and the method is how
- the degree of focusing is judged not to be sufficiently good (branch "no") and the method as described above with a change of the reference speed in the fourth step 204 and generation of a new image in the third step 203 below
- Threshold a rating can also be made for example by means of a comparison of several values of the degree of focus. For example, in a previous cycle of the procedure for a generated picture a speed of the vehicle has been determined, then besides the
- Speed also the value of the degree of focus, which is the basis of this speed, cached. As described above, the speed determined in a previous cycle becomes
- the value of the degree of focus determined in the preceding cycle may be temporarily stored and used as a reference for comparison with the currently determined value of the degree of focus in the seventh process step 207 of the current cycle.
- Difference of the values can be detected, for example, by comparison with a lower threshold defined from the reference value. So if the currently determined value of the degree of focus is not from the reference value.
- cached focus level differs as a reference value or within the by the lower
- Threshold defined tolerance range the currently determined value of the degree of focus is evaluated in the seventh step 207 of the current cycle as sufficiently good (branch "yes") and cached for a subsequent cycle of the method, as well as for the
- Reference speed output in the eighth step 208 of the current cycle as a specific speed.
- a subsequent cycle of the method begins in the second method step 202 with the receiving digitized raw image data from a subsequent
- the comparison of the values indicates that the currently determined value of the degree of focus is lower than the cached value of the degree of focus of the
- the reference speed is then changed by a specific, for example positive, speed value currently determined value of the degree of focus is discarded, so not as a reference value for a
- the degree of focusing of the image generated in the third method step 203 on the basis of the changed reference speed is again determined in the seventh method step 207 using the buffered value of the degree of focus of the
- Tolerance range is, then the certain value is rated as sufficiently good (branch "yes"). Preferably, as long as the current or subsequent value of the
- Focusing level is lower than the cached value, the current or subsequent value discarded, so not cached. This will be a
- Threshold value and thus lies outside the tolerance range, then the subsequent value is again rated as not sufficiently good (branch "no") and the
- Reference speed in step 204 again changed by a predetermined positive speed value.
- Process step 207 results, the original reference speed of the cycle should be changed by a corresponding predetermined negative speed value, since the speed of the vehicle, as can be deduced from the increasing difference, has not increased as compared to the previous cycle, but has decreased.
- Method step 208 can be output. It should be noted that one determined by the method
- Speed or a speed value should be output periodically.
- the described method should provide a value for the particular speed to the controllers adapted to this cycle time.
- Memory devices are thus to be designed such that it is possible to run through a plurality of iterations of the method steps within the cycle time.
- Reference speed can be performed. If one of the images generated with it has a higher value for the
- Speed can be output and cached for a subsequent cycle.
- a second approach concerns evaluation by means of a correlation of two generated images.
- Reception antenna 13.1 and 13.2 have. Hereinafter, only the case of a single transmitting antenna 12th
- FIG 4b Arrangement of FIG 4b with two transmitting antennas.
- Transmissions of the two transmitting antennas 12.1, 12.2 should preferably be synchronized and the image raw data of the two receiving antennas 13.1, 13.2 a same
- the receiving antenna 13 As the first receiving antenna 13. 1, the receiving antenna arranged in the direction of travel F of the vehicle 1 in front or to the left of the transmitting antenna 12 will be described below
- the transmitting antenna 12 radiates signals at a pulse repetition frequency
- evoked echoes of the transmitted signals are of the Receive antennas 13.1, 13.2 of the arrangement 9 received.
- the two receiving antennas 13.1, 13.2 generate from the
- the digital raw picture data of the receiving antennas 13.1, 13.2, which correspond to a respective emission of the transmitting antenna 12, are each provided with a time stamp which subsequently fulfills the determination of
- the second approach is based on a comparison of images of the route by means of a correlation. Due to the distance of the two receiving antennas 13.1, 13.2 to each other, these echoes receive a same section of the travel path at different times. The time offset between these times depends on the speed of the vehicle to be determined by the method. For example, if a speed range between a minimum speed of 0.2km / h and a maximum speed of the vehicle of 500km / h can be detected, and the distance between the two is
- Receiving antennas for example, 1000mm, so needed
- Vehicle at the minimum detectable speed about 18s, at the maximum detectable speed, however, only 7.2ms, by a distance corresponding to this distance
- the vehicle should have covered only a certain distance, which corresponds at least to the distance between the two receiving antennas, before images of the same
- Reception antennas can be meaningfully correlated.
- the pulse repetition frequency of the SAR should be dimensioned according to the maximum speed.
- Pulse repetition frequency determined in addition to the number of transmitted ramps per unit time, the number of image rows in the azimuth direction, which can be recorded at a certain speed of the scanned route. At a maximum speed of 500km / h and a distance of the receiving antennas of 1000mm a corresponding number of recordings within the 7.2ms is required for an exemplary resolution of 128 pixels in the azimuth direction. This results in a pulse repetition frequency of 18kHz. to
- Cycle time of 10 ms of control devices of the vehicle to be able to perform correlations of a plurality of images that lead to a suitable for the velocity determination correlation result.
- the images of the two receiving antennas are denoted by Ii (m, n) or I 2 ( m, n), where n denotes the index of the pixels in the range direction, while m refers to the direction of travel. Adjacent pixels or pixels are thereby in the direction of travel with a time difference
- Pulse repetition frequency This relationship can be formulated as follows: assuming:
- the spacing of the pixels is hereafter referred to as
- the speed of the vehicle can be calculated accordingly by r
- the D ⁇ h for which the correlation value is maximum denotes an estimated value of the image shift Am, from which the velocity v (Am) of the vehicle is calculated according to the above equation.
- variable M defines the number of radiations in the direction of travel and the variable N the number of pixels in the range direction.
- the method begins in the first method step 301, this method step corresponding to
- Process step 301 are performed subsequent method steps.
- the digital raw image data of a scan received by the two receive antennas can also be processed sequentially, wherein, for example, an image is first displayed
- Raw image data of the first receiving antenna 13.1 is generated and buffered in a memory device, and then one or more images of image raw data of the second receiving antenna 13.2 by means of the algorithm
- the respective range Doppler algorithm in the third method steps 303.1, 303.2 takes into account a reference speed, which is fed to the algorithms in a fourth method step 304.
- the algorithms take into account the same
- Method step 305 has been determined. The supply of the determined in the fifth method step 305
- the reference speed only occurs once when the algorithm is run for the first time.
- a speed of zero or a minimum speed of, for example, 0.2 km / h can be assumed.
- the algorithm used to generate images may be simplified as needed.
- a direct evaluation of a frequency difference between the transmitted signal and the received echo can take place in the step of compression in the transverse direction (range compression) as an alternative to the signal-adapted filtering performed therein.
- Receiving antenna can be accelerated so that within the available period of a cycle time, a larger number of generated images of raw image data of the second
- Receiving antenna can be correlated with a generated image from raw image data of the first receiving antenna.
- Process step 308 correlates. However, as explained above, it should be noted that the time offset between images of a same section of the route at a detectable speed range between 0.2km / h and 500km / h and a distance of the receiving antennas of 1000mm in a range between about 7ms and ca 18s can lie.
- Timestamp for a period in a storage device between store Preferably, an image is thereby stored until the cycle of the method with respect to this image with the eleventh method step 311, the
- a selection of generated images of the first and second receive antenna is carried out for a correlation to be carried out in the following eighth method step 308. Due to the described
- Travel should at least approximately correspond to the section of the first image of the first receiving antenna.
- the reference speed on the basis of which the time offset for the selection of the first image of the second receiving antenna is determined for a first correlation, is preferably taken into account at the time of selection of the current reference speed. The choice of this reference speed makes sense, since the speed of the vehicle,
- Speed can be considered as the reference speed for the selection of the image of the second receiving antenna.
- Process step 308 correlates.
- the correlation compares two images for common image parts.
- the result of the correlation is evaluated. If the correlation is rated as sufficiently good (branch "yes"), ie the images have a high degree of similarity or map with a high probability a same segment of the route, the method continues in the following tenth method step 310.
- the evaluation of the correlation can for example, again by means of a Comparison of the result with a predetermined threshold, which has been defined, for example, 0.9 done.
- the time offset is determined by means of the respective time stamp of the correlated images, and determined therefrom
- Method step 208 of the flow chart of FIG. 5 further units or components of the vehicle control
- This second image may, for example, be a time offset corresponding to the typical cycle time to the already correlated first image of the first receiving antenna
- the computational or storage capacity required for the generation and storage of the images of the first receiving antenna can thereby be reduced.
- the following seventh method step 307 is entered another, second generated and cached image of the second receiving antenna is selected, which is assigned to the previously selected first image earlier or later time stamp and correspondingly represents a higher or lower speed of the vehicle.
- Correlation with the first image of the first receiving antenna can in turn depend on the reference speed and optionally on the type of vehicle or its positive and negative acceleration capacity.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018200991.0A DE102018200991A1 (de) | 2018-01-23 | 2018-01-23 | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit eines Fahrzeugs |
| PCT/EP2019/051434 WO2019145272A1 (de) | 2018-01-23 | 2019-01-22 | Verfahren und anordnung zur bestimmung der geschwindigkeit eines fahrzeugsx |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3721259A1 true EP3721259A1 (de) | 2020-10-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19704196.5A Withdrawn EP3721259A1 (de) | 2018-01-23 | 2019-01-22 | Verfahren und anordnung zur bestimmung der geschwindigkeit eines fahrzeugsx |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3721259A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN111670381A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018200991A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019145272A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113196098B (zh) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-05-17 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种基于回波数据的速度估计方法及装置 |
| DE102021203066A1 (de) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit eines Fahrzeugs |
| US12216199B2 (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2025-02-04 | Aptiv Technologies AG | De-aliased imaging for a synthetic aperture radar |
| EP4460714B1 (de) | 2022-01-04 | 2026-02-25 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Zuverlässige bestimmung der geschwindigkeit über dem boden eines schwerlastfahrzeugs |
| DE102022210430A1 (de) | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Anordnung zur Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit über Grund eines Schienenfahrzeugs |
| WO2025032894A1 (ja) * | 2023-08-08 | 2025-02-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 速度検出装置、速度検出システム及び速度検出方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4170006A (en) * | 1971-08-30 | 1979-10-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Radar speed measurement from range determined by focus |
| FR2886020B1 (fr) * | 2005-05-19 | 2007-10-19 | Eurocopter France | Systeme d'estimation de la vitesse d'un aeronef et son application a la detection d'obstacles |
| DE102005030295B4 (de) * | 2005-06-24 | 2008-11-20 | Siemens Ag | Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitssensor |
| PT2960883T (pt) * | 2014-06-23 | 2017-11-14 | Vitronic Dr -Ing Stein Bildverarbeitungssysteme Gmbh | Determinação de pelo menos uma característica de um veículo |
| US9846229B1 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-12-19 | National Technologies & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC | Radar velocity determination using direction of arrival measurements |
-
2018
- 2018-01-23 DE DE102018200991.0A patent/DE102018200991A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-01-22 EP EP19704196.5A patent/EP3721259A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-01-22 WO PCT/EP2019/051434 patent/WO2019145272A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-01-22 CN CN201980009602.4A patent/CN111670381A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| DE102018200991A1 (de) | 2019-07-25 |
| CN111670381A (zh) | 2020-09-15 |
| WO2019145272A1 (de) | 2019-08-01 |
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