EP3721047B1

EP3721047B1 - A device for forming a barrier in an annulus of a well

Info

Publication number: EP3721047B1
Application number: EP18885475.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Bengt Gunnarson
Original assignee: Cannseal As
Current assignee: Cannseal As
Priority date: 2017-12-07
Filing date: 2018-11-29
Publication date: 2023-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-29
Also published as: WO2019112438A1; NO344114B1; DK3721047T3; EP3721047A1; US20210172283A1; EP3721047A4; NO20171955A1

Description

Introduction

The present disclosure relates to a device for forming a barrier in an annulus of a well, such as a hydrocarbon or water injector well. The device comprises an injection tool adapted to introduce a polymeric hardening liquid in through an opening in the annulus, and a pump unit adapted to provide pressure to said liquid so that the liquid is introduced into the opening in the annulus with a controllable pressure.
The present invention relates to a method for forming a barrier in an annulus of a well.

Prior art

In various situations, an annulus of a well needs to be remedially repaired in order to provide the required and necessary annulus sealing capabilities. The annulus of the well is located between two pieces of pipes, tubing-casings or casing to casing. The annulus can also be between the said tubing/casing and the wellbore formation. The purpose of the casings are for example to isolate different zones of the well, or to function as a well barrier to the surface.
In prior art, the annulus isolation are formed by either cement, another sealing material or by a mechanical packer being part of the initial well completion. A challenge with a cemented annulus is that it can leak water or hydrocarbons in between the zones, or to the surface via the cemented annulus. Prior art devices for repairing a leaking cemented barrier is called a cement squeeze and comprising a method where cement is squeezed into the annulus to repair the failed barrier. To repair a leaking packer is by traditional means not possible.
Prior art method of forming barriers by means of a polymeric hardening liquid, such as various types of resins are known. However, it has also proven to be difficult to form barriers using such resins with high reliability.
WO2010/147476A1 discloses a well tool and a method for forming a barrier in a well using a resin. A further prior art method is known from WO2014/060293A2 .

Summary of the invention

The scope of the invention is set out by independent method claim 1 with further alternatives as set of in the independent claims.
The invention has for its object to remedy or to reduce at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art, or at least provide a useful alternative to prior art.
There is described how to provide an improved device for forming a barrier in an annulus of a well. In particular, an object is to provide a device that enables a barrier to be formed in an annulus of a well subjected to a differential pressure with improved reliability.
This object is provided by means of a device for forming a barrier in an annulus of a well. The device comprises

an injection tool adapted to introduce a polymeric hardening liquid in through an opening in the annulus, and
a pump unit adapted to provide pressure to said liquid so that the liquid is introduced into the opening in the annulus with a controllable pressure.

The device is characterized in that it comprises a control unit adapted to control the pump unit so that said liquid is provided into the opening with an initial pressure at a start up phase of introducing the liquid into the opening and a final pressure at a close-down phase of introducing the liquid into the opening, wherein the final pressure is higher than the initial pressure.
The injection tool is configured to introduce a polymeric hardening liquid in through the opening in the annulus when forming the barrier. The pump unit is adapted to provide pressure to the liquid so that the liquid is introduced in through the opening with a pressure. The control unit is adapted to control the pressure in which the pump unit introduces the liquid in through the opening in the annulus.
By means of introducing the polymeric hardening liquid in through the opening in the annulus during a period of time in which the pressure of introducing the liquid from the start up phase to the close-down phase is increased, the quality of the formed barrier is improved. The polymeric hardening liquid relates to a polymeric based liquid that is hardening with time, i.e. the viscosity of the hardening liquid increases from a pumpable liquid to a none pumpable paste, and being a solid at the final stage.
It is believed that by introducing the liquid at a low pressure at the start-up phase when the liquid has low viscosity, and subsequently introducing the liquid at a high pressure at the close-down phase when the liquid has a high viscosity, allows the liquid to first penetrate into the larger cracks of the annulus, and thereafter fill up the smaller volume of the cracks, whereby a barrier of high quality is formed. The "low" and "high" in the previous sentence is to be regarded as relative terms. The viscosity is lower at the start-up phase than at the close-down phase as the liquid is hardening with time. The pressure is lower at the start-up phase than at the close-down phase.
According to the disclosure, the control unit is adapted to control the pump unit so that said liquid is provided into the opening with a gradual increasing pressure over time from the start up phase to the close-down phase of introducing the liquid to the opening in the annulus. The device is in particular preferably for forming a barrier in an annulus comprising a cement material. However, it shall be understood that the device may be applied to an annulus filed with other types of solids.
According to the disclosure, the initial pressure is between 1 - 50 bar, preferably between 10 - 30 bar.
According to the disclosure, the final pressure is between 2 - 400 bar, preferably between 30 - 250 bar.
According to the disclosure, the control unit adapted to control the pump unit between the start up phase and the close-down phase of introducing the liquid to the opening at a time period between one hour and 72 hours, preferably between 12 and 48 hours.
According to the disclosure, the device further comprises a device for forming said opening in the annulus. The device for forming said opening comprises for example a perforation unit or a drill unit.
According to the disclosure, the control unit adapted to control the pump unit so that said liquid is provided into the opening in the annulus with two or more injection sequences with increasing pressure.
The object is further obtained by means of an arrangement for forming a barrier in a concrete annulus of a well. The arrangement comprises the device according to any of above embodiments and a polymeric hardening liquid.
According to the disclosure, said liquid has a viscosity between 5 - 1*10^6 cP at the start up phase of introducing the liquid to the opening, preferably a viscosity of between 15 - 20000 cP.
According to the disclosure, said liquid has a viscosity between 1*10^6 - 10*10^6 cP at the close down phase of introducing the liquid to the opening, preferably between 2*10^6 - 5*10^6 cP.
According to the disclosure, said liquid mainly comprises a thermoset material.
There is further described a method for forming a barrier in a concrete annulus of a well. The method comprises:

positioning an injection tool at a position of an opening in the annulus for introducing a polymeric hardening liquid,
at a start up phase, introducing the liquid into the opening at a initial pressure, and
at a close-down phase, introducing the liquid into the opening at a final pressure, wherein the final pressure is higher than the initial pressure.

According to the disclosure, the method comprises:

gradual increasing pressure over time from the start up phase to the close-down phase of introducing the liquid into the opening in the annulus.

According to the disclosure, the initial pressure is between 1 - 50 bar, preferably between 10 - 30 bar.
According to the disclosure, the final pressure is between 2 - 400 bar, preferably between 30 - 250 bar.
According to the disclosure, a time period between the start up phase and the close-down phase of introducing the liquid to the opening is between one hour and 72 hours, preferably between 12 and 48 hours.
According to the disclosure, the method comprises providing said liquid into the opening in the annulus with two or more injection sequences with increasing pressure.

Brief description of drawings

In the following is described examples of preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1: discloses a schematic view of device for forming a barrier in an annulus of a well according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2: discloses a schematic view of a well comprising an annulus to be provide with a barrier by means of the device in fig. 1 ;
Fig. 3: discloses a flow chart of a method for forming a barrier in an annulus of a well according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4: discloses a flow chart of a method for forming a barrier in an annulus of a well according to a further embodiment of the invention; and
Fig. 5: discloses a flow chart of a method for forming a barrier in an annulus of a well according to yet another embodiment of the invention.

Detailed description

In fig. 1 is a schematic view of device 1 for forming a barrier in an annulus 5 of a well according to an embodiment of the invention disclosed. Fig. 1 also discloses an arrangement 10 comprising the device 1 configured with a polymeric hardening liquid.
The device 1 comprises an elongated structure to be inserted in the well 11, such as a hydrocarbon or water injector well.
In fig. 2 is a schematic view of a well 11 comprising the annulus 5 to be provided with a barrier by means of the device 1 in fig. 1. The well 11 comprises a well head 12 and a first casing 14 and second casing 16 concentric between which an annulus 5 is formed that has been filled with a solid, such a solid comprising a cement material or other suitable material. The device 1 is adapted to be introduced into the well 11.
For example, in fig. 2, a part of the annulus 5 is filled with a good cement column, another part of the annulus 5 is filled with poor cement column, and yet another part of the annulus 5 is without filling. The annulus 5 is to be provided with one or several barriers by means of the device 1 in fig. 1.
The device 1 comprises an injection tool 20, a device 22 for forming the opening into the annulus 5, a reservoir 24 for containing the polymeric hardening liquid and a pump unit 26.
The device 22 for forming the opening in the annulus 5 comprises for example a drill unit comprising a drive unit and a drill bit for drilling through the first casing 14 and into the annulus 5. The device 22 for forming the opening in the annulus 5 comprises alternatively a perforation unit.
The injection tool 20 is adapted to introduce the polymeric hardening liquid in through an opening in the annulus 5. The injection tool 20 comprises an outlet adapted to be aligned with the opening in the annulus 5 for providing the liquid into the opening.
The pump unit 26 is configured to provide pressure to the liquid so that the liquid is introduced into the opening in the annulus 5 with a controllable pressure. The pump unit 26 comprises for example a hydraulic induced pump or an electric induced pump.
The device 1 further comprises a control unit 30 adapted to control the pump unit 26 and accordingly the pressure in which the liquid is introduced into the opening in the annulus 5. The control unit 30 adapted to control the pump unit 26 so that said liquid is provided into the opening with an initial pressure at a start up phase of introducing the liquid into the opening and a final pressure at a close-down phase of introducing the liquid into the opening. The final pressure is higher than the initial pressure. Accordingly, the control unit 30 is adapted to control the pump unit 26 so that the liquid is introduced at a low pressure when the liquid has a low viscosity at the start-up phase of forming the barrier and at a high pressure when the liquid has a high viscosity at the close-down phase when forming the barrier. The "low" and "high" in the previous sentence is to be regarded as relative terms for the purpose of explaining the invention. Details on parameters for forming will be explained in connection with the explanation of the method.
The control unit 30 comprises a logic unit, such as a CPU, adapted to execute a computer program, and signalling means connected to the pump unit 26 for controlling the pressure of introducing the liquid into the opening in the annulus 5. It shall be understood that the control unit 30 comprises the necessary features for controlling the pressure of introducing the liquid into the opening in the annulus 5 during a period of time of forming the barrier.
In the disclosed embodiment in fig. 1, the device 1 comprises the control unit 30 and further control means 31 for controlling the control unit 30 from the surface. The further control means 31 is for example a computer unit comprising a CPU adapted to execute a computer program. The further control means 31 is connected to the control unit 30, which in the disclosed embodiment is located in vicinity of the pump unit 26.
Preferably, the polymeric hardening liquid comprise mainly a thermoset material. The liquid has preferably the characteristic in form a viscosity between 5 - 2000 cP at the start up phase of introducing the liquid to the opening, preferably a viscosity of between 15 - 1*10^6 cP. Furthermore, the liquid has preferably the characteristic in form a viscosity between 1*10^6 - 10*10^6 cP at the close down phase of introducing the liquid to the opening, preferably between 2*10^6 - 5*10^6 cP.
A method will now be explained for forming a barrier in an annulus 5 of a well 11. It shall be understood that the control unit 30 of above discussed device 1 is configured to control the device 1 accordingly.
In fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for forming a barrier in an annulus 5 of a well 11 according to the disclosure
The method comprises, in a step 110, positioning an injection tool 20 at a position of an opening in in the annulus 5 for introducing the polymeric hardening liquid.
In a step 120, the method comprises, at a start-up phase, introducing the liquid into the opening at an initial pressure. Subsequently, in a step 130, the method comprises, at a close-down phase, introducing the liquid into the opening at a final pressure, wherein the final pressure is higher than the initial pressure.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method comprises introducing the liquid into the opening at the initial pressure between 1 - 50 bar, preferably between 10 - 30 bar.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method comprises introducing the liquid into the opening at the final pressure is between 2 - 400 bar, preferably between 30 - 250 bar.
According to a preferred embodiment, the duration between the start up phase and the close-down phase of introducing the liquid to the opening is between one hour and 72 hours, preferably between 12 and 48 hours.
In fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method for forming a barrier in an annulus 5 of a well 11 according to a further embodiment is disclosed. The method in fig. 4 differs from the method in fig. 3 in that the method further comprises, in a step 125, gradually increasing the pressure of the liquid over time from the start up phase to the close-down phase of introducing the liquid into the opening.
In fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method for forming a barrier in an annulus 5 of a well 11 according to yet another embodiment is disclosed. The method in fig. 5 differs from the method in fig. 3 in that the method further comprises, in a step 127, providing said liquid into the opening in the annulus 5 with two or more injection sequences with increasing pressure.
It shall be understood that the method in fig. 3-5 may also involve the step of forming the opening into the annulus 5 if the opening into the annulus 5 has not yet been established.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims, where the scope of the invention is solely set out in the appended claims that follow. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. Use of the verb "comprise" and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim. The article "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

Claims

A method for repairing a leaking cement barrier in an annulus (5) of a well (11), the method comprises:
- providing a device (1) comprising:
- a reservoir (24) for containing the polymeric hardening liquid;

- an injection tool (20) having an outlet adapted to be aligned with an opening in a casing (14) for introducing the polymeric hardening liquid in through the opening and into the annulus (5) comprising the cement barrier;

- a pump unit (26) for pumping the polymeric hardening liquid from the reservoir (24) into annulus (5); and

- a control unit (30) for controlling the pumping pressure of the pump (26); and

- inserting the device (1) into the well (11) and positioning the injection tool (20) at a position wherein the outlet is aligned with the opening in the casing (14) for introducing a polymeric hardening liquid into the annulus (5);
characterized in that method further comprises:
- at a start-up phase, activating the pump for introducing the polymeric hardening liquid into the annulus (5) at an initial pressure, and

- at a close-down phase, introducing the liquid into the annulus (5) at a final pressure, wherein the final pressure is higher than the initial pressure.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises gradually increasing pressure over time from the start-up phase to the close-down phase of introducing the liquid to the annulus (5).
The method according to any of claim 1 or 2, wherein the initial pressure is between 1 - 50 bar, preferably between 10 - 30 bar.
The method according to any of claim 1-3, wherein the final pressure is between 2 - 400 bar, preferably between 30 - 250 bar.
The method according to any of claim 1-4, wherein a time period between the start-up phase and the close-down phase of introducing the liquid to the opening is between one hour and 72 hours, preferably between 12 and 48 hours.
The method according to any of claim 1- 5, wherein the method comprises providing said liquid into the opening of the casing (14) with two or more injection sequences with increasing pressure.