EP3708758A1 - A closure fire rated frame extrusion component and a method of making the same - Google Patents
A closure fire rated frame extrusion component and a method of making the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3708758A1 EP3708758A1 EP19163311.4A EP19163311A EP3708758A1 EP 3708758 A1 EP3708758 A1 EP 3708758A1 EP 19163311 A EP19163311 A EP 19163311A EP 3708758 A1 EP3708758 A1 EP 3708758A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- extrusion
- component
- extrusion component
- inner layer
- optionally
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/06—Single frames
- E06B3/08—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials
- E06B3/20—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of plastics
- E06B3/22—Hollow frames
- E06B3/221—Hollow frames with the frame member having local reinforcements in some parts of its cross-section or with a filled cavity
- E06B3/222—Hollow frames with the frame member having local reinforcements in some parts of its cross-section or with a filled cavity with internal prefabricated reinforcing section members inserted after manufacturing of the hollow frame
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
- E06B1/26—Frames of plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
- E06B1/26—Frames of plastics
- E06B1/30—Frames of plastics composed of several parts with respect to the cross-section of the frame itself
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
- E06B1/34—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
- E06B1/36—Frames uniquely adapted for windows
- E06B1/366—Mullions or transoms therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/70—Sills; Thresholds
- E06B1/702—Window sills
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/06—Single frames
- E06B3/08—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials
- E06B3/20—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of plastics
- E06B3/205—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of plastics moulded or extruded around a core
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
- E06B5/161—Profile members therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/56—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames
- E06B1/60—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames by mechanical means, e.g. anchoring means
- E06B1/6007—Fastening frames to the border of openings or to similar contiguous frames by mechanical means, e.g. anchoring means between similar contiguous frames
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/06—Single frames
- E06B3/08—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials
- E06B3/20—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of plastics
- E06B3/22—Hollow frames
- E06B3/221—Hollow frames with the frame member having local reinforcements in some parts of its cross-section or with a filled cavity
- E06B3/222—Hollow frames with the frame member having local reinforcements in some parts of its cross-section or with a filled cavity with internal prefabricated reinforcing section members inserted after manufacturing of the hollow frame
- E06B2003/227—Hollow frames with the frame member having local reinforcements in some parts of its cross-section or with a filled cavity with internal prefabricated reinforcing section members inserted after manufacturing of the hollow frame with reinforcing wooden section members
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a closure fire rated frame component for example particularly, but not exclusively, a door or window frame component formed by extrusion that can be assembled to form a door or window frame.
- a closure frame is an assembly of frame components arranged into a preferred shape. These frame components may be formed from solid wood or plastic hollow structure produced by extrusion.
- An example of such closure frame would be a doorframe which usually includes jambs and upper transverse member enclosing the sides and top of a doorway. The doorframe supports a door that is useful in closing of the doorway.
- Another example of a closure frame would be a window frame which encloses sides, top and bottom of a window usually covered with a glass pane.
- Closure frames made of solid wood may have relatively high shock and sound absorption abilities but their fire resistance capability would be comparatively low.
- plastic doorframe is made available.
- the component forming the doorframe are usually hollow structure defined or bounded by a single layer plastic skin that is created with a fixed cross-sectional profile by way of extrusion.
- the presence of a hollow interior may compromise the mechanical strength of the overall frame.
- Wooden blocks may be inserted into the hollow interior for supporting the installation of locks or other accessories. Such wooden block should offer some enhancement of mechanical strength but other properties such as fire resistance capability demand improvement at reasonable costs.
- the invention seeks to eliminate or at least to mitigate such shortcomings for enhanced performance by providing a new or otherwise improved closure frame component.
- an extrusion component of a closure frame for defining an opening which is closable by a closure member comprising an elongate body having first and second sides, at least one of which is shaped for accommodating said closure member; wherein the elongate body includes an outer layer integrally formed with an inner layer and the inner layer has an outer surface correspondingly shaped by or with an inner surface of the outer layer.
- the inner layer has an inner surface that defines a hollow interior suitable for accommodating a reinforcement insert.
- the reinforcement insert is in attachment with the inner layer by way of adhesive.
- the outer layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- the inner layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a foaming agent.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- the foaming agent comprises at least one of 4,4'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), sodium bicarbonate and Tricarboxylic acid.
- the inner layer further includes a material selected from a group consisting magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, calcium phosphate and Diatomaceous earth
- the reinforcement insert comprises wood material for supporting installation of one or more accessories.
- the first side of the elongate body includes a shaped retainer integrally formed therewith for retaining an external part to be attached to the first side of the elongate body.
- the first side of the elongate body includes an extension part integrally formed thereto and spaced apart from the retainer for engaging said closure member.
- the retainer and the extension part run parallel to each other along the length of the elongate body and define a receiving zone for accommodating said closure member therein.
- the second side is at least partially devoid of an outer layer thereby exposing the inner layer.
- the second side is a mirror image of the first side.
- the receiving zone includes a coupling part that couples with a co-operable coupling part on a bead for co-operatively holding a pane of glass.
- the coupling part is connected to the receiving zone by way of a connector.
- the retainer is shaped to engage a projection on the bead for fixing relative position of the extrusion component and the bead.
- an extrusion component assembly comprising two extrusion components detailed above, wherein the extrusion components are connected by a connector and with their second sides arranged next to one another.
- the second sides of the extrusion components defines a gap into which a spacer is placed.
- the spacer includes one or more ribs extending from a main body for maintaining the gap.
- the gap is concealed by a cover engaging one end of the spacer.
- an extrusion component assembly comprising an extrusion component as detailed above coupled to an extension part by way of a coupler.
- the coupler includes a pair of recesses provided on the first and second sides of the component respectively for accommodating a pair of jaws on the extension part.
- the assembly is sealed off on opposite sides by respective covers connected thereto by way of connectors.
- At least one of the first side and the second side includes one or more intumescent strip attached thereto.
- an extrusion component assembly comprising at least three extrusion components as detailed above and one extrusion component as detailed in the third aspect of the invention connected to one another by way of connectors to form a frame defining an opening therein.
- an extrusion component wherein the outer layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the inner layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a foaming agent, the overall extrusion component attaining a level of at least 30 minutes in a BS EN 1634 test.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- a sixth aspect of the invention there is provided a method of forming the closure frame extrusion component as detailed above, wherein the outer and inner layers of material are integrally formed and simultaneously shaped in a same extrusion step.
- the inner layer of material defines a hollow interior in said same extrusion step for accommodating an insert.
- the method includes the step of providing a second die inside a first die.
- the method further includes the step of supplying a first substrate of material between the first and second die and a second substrate into the second die thereby during extrusion, the first substrate of material forms the outer layer of the closure frame component as claimed in claim 1 and the second substrate of material forms the inner layer of the same closure frame component in a single step of extrusion.
- FIGS 1 to 13B there is shown various embodiments of a fire rated closure frame extrusion component 200 in accordance with the invention and a closure frame extrusion component assembly 100 incorporating one or more of the closure frame extrusion components 200.
- the closure frame extrusion component 200 and the resulting frame assembly 100 reaches 30 minutes to 40 minutes integrity and insulation with respect to BS EN 1634 test which is a fire resistance and smoke control tests for door, shutter and, openable window assemblies and elements of building hardware.
- the fire resisting ability is mainly a contribution of the synergistic effect of the improvement to the structural and chemical constituents of the closure frame extrusion component 200.
- FIG. 1 there is shown the frame assembly 100 formed by connecting four closure frame extrusion components 200 in accordance with the invention.
- These components 200 are separate parts formed by way of extrusion including a top component 200A connected to left and right components 200B and 200C and closed off by a bottom component 200D.
- These components 200 may be useful in lining a void formed on a structural surface thereby defining an opening which may be a doorway or a window.
- the assembly functions as a frame of the doorway or window.
- All of the components 200A to 200D share a common dual-layered structural construction formed by a single step of extrusion. This structural improvement offers substantial advantage in fire resistance, sound insulation, thermal insulation, hardness and density. More importantly, the die for the outer layer is useful with the die for the inner layer to achieve the end product in a single step with integrity.
- Figure 2A shows the cross-sectional view of the component 200A to 200C. It is clear from the drawing that there are identifiable outer and inner layers 201 and 202.
- the inner layer 202 is much thicker than the outer layer 201. In the preferred embodiment, the inner layer 202 is 4mm to 30 mm thick and the outer layer 201 is 0.5mm to 1.5mm thick.
- the outer and inner layer 201 and 202 are integrally formed into a one piece structure during the extrusion step such that adhesive is not required for secure the relative positions of the layers.
- a hollow interior 203 is defined by or in in the inner layer 202.
- the hollow interior 203 has a rectangular cross-section. It is dimensioned and shaped for accommodating a reinforcement insert 204 such as a wooden (hard wood) block which may be useful for supporting installation of door accessories such as a door lock as shown in Figure 13B .
- the inner layer 202 comprises a material different from the material that forms the outer layer 201 and they may be formed from different types of PVC.
- the inner layer 202 is preferably formed from foamed PVC. Such foamed PVC reaches 40 minutes level under BSI1634 test.
- the inner layer 202 is partially wrapped around by the outer layer 201, leaving one side opened.
- the inner layer 202 is exposed at the opened side.
- the outer layer 201 forms an open bracket embracing the inner layer 202.
- the component 200 has a first side 205 and a second side 206 interconnected by left and right sides.
- At the first side 205 there is an extension block or an arm 205A and a retaining means 205B both extending therefrom and running parallel to each other thereby defining a receiving zone / recess 205C there between which functions as a receiving zone useful in receiving a closure member 500 of a specific thickness.
- the closure member 500 may have different thickness. For those with the right thickness such as a pane of glass, it may be accommodated in the receiving zone / recess 205C.
- the closure member 500 such as a door with a greater thickness to rest on the first side 205 and span across the receiving zone / recess 205C and the retaining means 205B.
- the arm 205A may serves as a stopper to prevent the closure member 500 from going beyond it.
- the arm 205A is a solid structure with no hollow interior. It does include a gap / recess 207 for holding an air seal or an intumescent strip 210.
- the recess / receiving zone 205C is lined with seals or intumescent strips 210.
- the retaining means 205B on the first side 205 includes a pair of jaws defining an opening narrower than a hollow interior behind. It may be useful in retaining a brush seal 208.
- the retaining means 205B is formed with the outer layer 201 by way of extrusion.
- the brush seal 208 may be replaced by a further intumescent strip depending on need.
- the inner layer 202 is exposed on the second side 206 of the component 200 as it is intended for resting on the structural surface in which the opening is formed.
- One or more intumescent strips 206 is provided on the inner layer 202 which forms the second surface 206 to enhance the fire resisting properties of the component 200.
- I-shaped cross-section of the bottom component 200D is different from the L-shaped cross-section of component 200A to 200C.
- this component 200D includes an outer layer 201 embracing at least three sides of the inner layer 202.
- the inner layer 202 is a solid piece of substrate without hollow interior.
- the component 200D is shaped to couple with an extension part 600.
- a pair of coupler parts 209 are provided on the first and second opposite sides 205 and 206 of the component 200D respectively for accommodating a pair coupler parts 211 in the form of a pair of jaws on the extension part 600.
- Coupling 209 and 211 between the component 200D and the extension part 600 comprises male and female couplings.
- top portion of the side components 200B and 200C is shaped complementarily to the first side 205 of the top component 200A for insertion therein and connection by external connectors such as screws.
- the complementary inter-connection fixes the relative position of the components 200A, 200B and 200C upon engagement.
- the bottom component 200D along with the extension part 600 are fixedly attached to two cover plates 212 on its left and right ends by external connectors.
- one side of the cover plates 212 is shaped complementary to the first sides 205 of the left or right components 200B and 200C such that the cover plates 212 can be fitted into the first sides 205 of the components 200B and 200C to form a substantially close fitting.
- the component 200B or 200C is shown to be in engagement with a closure member 500 which spans across the receiving zone / recess 205C and the retainer 205B.
- a gap 213 is formed between the closure member 500 and the first side 205 of the component 200B or 200C.
- Two seals / intumescent stipes 210A seal or close off the gap 213 from the atmosphere.
- a gap 213 is formed between the closure member 500 and the first side 205 of the component 200D as well as a rear surface of the extension part 600.
- the gap 213 is also sealed off by a seal 208 and/or intumescent strips 210A which may be made of Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV).
- TPV Thermoplastic vulcanizates
- FIG. 9A A further embodiment of the component 200E is shown in Figure 9A . It is an assembly 200E of two identical components 200B or 200C. Such an assembly 200E is useful in establishing side-by-side arrangement of two closure members 500 with respective frames.
- the closure members 500 may well be two doors or as in Figure 9B , a glass pane 501 and a door 502.
- two components 200B and 200B are connected back to back with their second sides 206 placed adjacent one another.
- the two components are secured by external connectors and their relative positions are fixed by the cooperation of the connectors and a spacer which is covered by covers / end caps 214A and 214B.
- the assembly 200E forms a center piece that is connected to six other components 200A, 200B or 200C, 200D to form an integration of two component assemblies 100A and 100B.
- the assembly 100A is a window frame assembly while the assembly 100B is a doorframe assembly.
- the window frame assembly 100A is connected to doorframe assembly through the component 200E.
- the components 200A to 200D are modified.
- the component 200B is equipped with a seat 300 which is secured to the receiving zone / recess 205C on the first side 205 by way of an external connector. Any intumescent strip in the receiving zone / recess 205C is removed.
- the seat 300 includes a coupling part 301 for inter-engagement with a corresponding coupling part 401 on a bead 400.
- the coupling parts 301 and 401 may be male and female couplers or they may be hooks interengaging with one another.
- the coupling parts 301 and 401 snap fit with one another to form a secured coupling thereby fixing the relative positions of the bead 400 and the component 200B with the pane of glass 501 held between them.
- Gap 215 between the glass pane 501 and the component 200B as well as the gap 402 between the glass pane 501 and the bead 400 are sealed off by respective seals 210A which may be in the form of intumescent strip embedded at respective gaps / recess 207 and 403 of the component 200B and bead 400.
- the seat 300 is made of aluminum.
- the door 500 is pivotally secured to the component 200C through one or more pivot hinges 800.
- the retainer 205B holds a seals 210A and the gap 207 is provided on an inner side of the arm 205A for accommodating another seal 210A.
- the seals 210A may be in the form of an intumescent strips to seal of any gap between the component 200C and the door 502.
- the component 200B is not in connection with the door 502. It is the receiving end with a seal 210 and a brush 208 provided in the arm 205A and the retainer 205B respectively to seal off and close off any gap 213 between the door 502 and the component 200B.
- the door 502 spans across the receiving zone / recess 205C and the retainer 205B.
- the spacer 214A is shown in Figure 10A .
- the end cap 214B is shown in Figure 10B .
- the spacer 214A includes ribs 216 specifically constructed for engaging different parts of the second sides of the components 200B. These ribs 216 have different shapes and lengths. The ribs 216 is useful in defining or maintaining the relative positions of the two components 200B.
- the spacer 214A also includes two end receivers 218 for receiving and fixed connection with the two end caps 214B that closes off gap 215 between the two components 200B.
- the spacer 214 is made of aluminum while the end caps are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with flexible flaps 214B-1 for sealing.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- top component 200A This is an illustrative example and this different embodiment may be used for example as a side component. It has a T-shaped cross-section and the dual layered structure common to all components 200A to 200D. It may be considered as a variant of the embodiment of the component 200E. It is a one piece structure that resembles the component 200E which is an assembly of two components 200B and 200C.
- the outer layer 201 covers all sides of the inner layer 202.
- the inner layer 202 is not exposed to the atmosphere, except at the gaps 207 for receiving the respective seal 210A, and includes a hollow interior 203 for accommodating a reinforcement insert such as a wooden block 204.
- This top component 200A is substantially symmetrical along at least one dimension e.g. width.
- Both the first and second sides 205 and 206 includes an arm 205A and 206A as well as a retainer 205B and 206B extending therefrom.
- a gap / recess 207 is provided on an inner side of the respective arm 205A and 206A for accommodating a seal 210A.
- the first and second sides 205 and 206 of the embodiment as shown in Figure 10 is useful in accommodating a pane of glass 502 and a door 501 respectively.
- the component 200A is connected to and along length of left and right components 200B and 200C.
- the upper end of the left and right components 200B and 200C are connected to a further top component 200A' which resembles that in Figure 1 .
- the second side 206 of the component 200A together with components 200B, 200C and the further top components 200A' form a window frame assembly 100A for holding a pane of glass 502, while the first side 205 of the component 200A together with components 200B, 200C and 200D form a doorframe assembly 100B for holding a door 501.
- the component 200A is not in connection with the door 502. It is the receiving end with a seal 210A and a brush 208 are provided in the arm 205A and the retainer 205B respectively to seal off and close off any gap 213 between the door 502 and the component 200B.
- the door 502 spans across the receiving zone / recess 205C and the retainer 205B.
- the component 200A is equipped with a seat 300 which is secured to the receiving zone / recess 205C by way of an external connector.
- the seat 300 includes a coupling part 301 for coupling with a corresponding coupling part 401 on a bead 400. More specifically the coupling part 301 is in the form of a female coupler and the coupling part 401 on the bead 400 is in the form of a male coupler. The two snap fit with one another to form a secured coupling thereby fixing the relative positions of the bead 400 and the component 200A with the pane of glass 501 held between them.
- Gap 215 between the glass pane 501 and the component 200A as well as the gap 402 between the glass pane 501 and the bead 400 are sealed off by respective seals 210A which may be in the form of intumescent strip embedded at respective gaps / recess 207 and 403 of the component 200A and bead 400.
- the seat 300 is made of aluminum.
- the retainer 205B is useful in receiving a projection from the bead 405 for positioning.
- the bead 400 has the same dual-layer construction as the components 200.
- the door 501 is connected to the component 200C by way of one or more hinges 800 and it is locked into place by a door lockset 801 to component 200B.
- the hinges 800 and the lockset 801 are connected to the components 200B and 200C by way of external connectors.
- the dual layer structure of the components 200A to 200E allows the resulting component 200A to 200E to exhibit all the preferred properties.
- FIG 14A Various properties of the outer layer 201 of the closure frame extrusion component 200 are provided in Figure 14A where the weather resistance ⁇ E is less than 3.5 under BS EN ISO11341:2004, Gloss is 60 to 70 under ASTM D523, hardness measured using shore durometer is larger than 70 under ASTM D2240, impact resistance IZOD kg-cm/cm2 at 25 degree Celsius is larger than 55 under ASTM D256, heat deflection temperature HDT in degree Celsius is about 65-69 under ASTM D648.
- the properties of the inner layer 202 of the closure frame extrusion component 200 are provided in Figure 14B .
- the fire resistance is 30 minutes to 40 minus under BS EN 1634, the sound insulation is 20db, the thermal insulation/conductivity is 0.05-0.07 W/M*K under DIN52616, the hardness measured by the shore durometer is larger than 65 under ASTM D2240 and the density (g/cm3) is about 0.6/1.4 under ASTM D792.
- the inner layer 202 comprises foam PVC material that does not contain any flame retardant banned by the European Union.
- the foamed PVC inner layer 202 has a fire resistance of 40 minutes under BS11634 standard. It also has sound and heat insulation effect. In more detail, the fire resistance ability of the overall frame assembly 100 is mainly attributable to the properties of the inner layer 202.
- the foamed PVC material contains flame retardant magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, diatomaceous earth and calcium phosphate. The foaming agent is the key to the improving flame retardancy of the resulting layer.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
An extrusion component of a closure frame for defining an opening which is closable by a closure member and a method of making the same. The extrusion component comprises an elongate body having first and second sides, at least one of which is shaped for accommodating said closure member. The elongate body includes an outer layer integrally formed with an inner layer and the inner layer has an outer surface correspondingly shaped by or with an inner surface of the outer layer.
Description
- The present invention relates to a closure fire rated frame component for example particularly, but not exclusively, a door or window frame component formed by extrusion that can be assembled to form a door or window frame.
- A closure frame is an assembly of frame components arranged into a preferred shape. These frame components may be formed from solid wood or plastic hollow structure produced by extrusion. An example of such closure frame would be a doorframe which usually includes jambs and upper transverse member enclosing the sides and top of a doorway. The doorframe supports a door that is useful in closing of the doorway. Another example of a closure frame would be a window frame which encloses sides, top and bottom of a window usually covered with a glass pane.
- Closure frames made of solid wood may have relatively high shock and sound absorption abilities but their fire resistance capability would be comparatively low. With in mind a more economical substitute for reasonable mechanical strength and fire resistance properties, plastic doorframe is made available. The component forming the doorframe are usually hollow structure defined or bounded by a single layer plastic skin that is created with a fixed cross-sectional profile by way of extrusion. The presence of a hollow interior may compromise the mechanical strength of the overall frame. Wooden blocks may be inserted into the hollow interior for supporting the installation of locks or other accessories. Such wooden block should offer some enhancement of mechanical strength but other properties such as fire resistance capability demand improvement at reasonable costs.
- The invention seeks to eliminate or at least to mitigate such shortcomings for enhanced performance by providing a new or otherwise improved closure frame component.
- According to the invention, there is provided an extrusion component of a closure frame for defining an opening which is closable by a closure member, comprising an elongate body having first and second sides, at least one of which is shaped for accommodating said closure member; wherein the elongate body includes an outer layer integrally formed with an inner layer and the inner layer has an outer surface correspondingly shaped by or with an inner surface of the outer layer.
- Preferably, the inner layer has an inner surface that defines a hollow interior suitable for accommodating a reinforcement insert.
- More preferably, the reinforcement insert is in attachment with the inner layer by way of adhesive.
- Yet more preferably, the outer layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- Advantageously, the inner layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a foaming agent.
- More advantageously, the foaming agent comprises at least one of 4,4'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), sodium bicarbonate and Tricarboxylic acid.
- Yet more advantageously, the inner layer further includes a material selected from a group consisting magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, calcium phosphate and Diatomaceous earth
- It is advantageous that the reinforcement insert comprises wood material for supporting installation of one or more accessories.
- Preferably, the first side of the elongate body includes a shaped retainer integrally formed therewith for retaining an external part to be attached to the first side of the elongate body.
- More preferably, the first side of the elongate body includes an extension part integrally formed thereto and spaced apart from the retainer for engaging said closure member.
- Yet more preferably, the retainer and the extension part run parallel to each other along the length of the elongate body and define a receiving zone for accommodating said closure member therein.
- It is preferable that the second side is at least partially devoid of an outer layer thereby exposing the inner layer.
- Preferably, the second side is a mirror image of the first side.
- Advantageously, the receiving zone includes a coupling part that couples with a co-operable coupling part on a bead for co-operatively holding a pane of glass.
- More advantageously, the coupling part is connected to the receiving zone by way of a connector.
- Yet more advantageously, the retainer is shaped to engage a projection on the bead for fixing relative position of the extrusion component and the bead.
- In a second aspect of the invention there is provided an extrusion component assembly comprising two extrusion components detailed above, wherein the extrusion components are connected by a connector and with their second sides arranged next to one another.
- Preferably, the second sides of the extrusion components defines a gap into which a spacer is placed.
- More preferably, the spacer includes one or more ribs extending from a main body for maintaining the gap.
- It is preferable that the gap is concealed by a cover engaging one end of the spacer.
- In a third aspect of the invention there is provided an extrusion component assembly comprising an extrusion component as detailed above coupled to an extension part by way of a coupler.
- Preferably, wherein the coupler includes a pair of recesses provided on the first and second sides of the component respectively for accommodating a pair of jaws on the extension part.
- More preferably, the assembly is sealed off on opposite sides by respective covers connected thereto by way of connectors.
- Yet more preferably, at least one of the first side and the second side includes one or more intumescent strip attached thereto.
- In a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided an extrusion component assembly comprising at least three extrusion components as detailed above and one extrusion component as detailed in the third aspect of the invention connected to one another by way of connectors to form a frame defining an opening therein.
- In a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided an extrusion component wherein the outer layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the inner layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a foaming agent, the overall extrusion component attaining a level of at least 30 minutes in a BS EN 1634 test.
- In a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of forming the closure frame extrusion component as detailed above, wherein the outer and inner layers of material are integrally formed and simultaneously shaped in a same extrusion step.
- Preferably, the inner layer of material defines a hollow interior in said same extrusion step for accommodating an insert.
- More preferably, the method includes the step of providing a second die inside a first die.
- Yet more preferably, the method further includes the step of supplying a first substrate of material between the first and second die and a second substrate into the second die thereby during extrusion, the first substrate of material forms the outer layer of the closure frame component as claimed in
claim 1 and the second substrate of material forms the inner layer of the same closure frame component in a single step of extrusion. - The invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
Figure 1 is a perspective exploded view of a closure frame assembly formed from four closure frame extrusion components in accordance with the invention; -
Figure 2A is a cross-sectional view of top or side closure frame components ofFigure 1 taken across length thereof; -
Figure 2B is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the closure frame component inFigure 2A ; -
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of bottom closure frame component ofFigure 1 , in connection with an extension part, taken across length thereof; -
Figure 4 is a diagram showing stepwise connection of one side closure frame component to the top frame component inFigure 2A ; -
Figure 5 is a diagram showing stepwise connection of the bottom closure frame component and the extension part inFigure 3 to two side covers; -
Figure 6 is a diagram showing connection of the bottom closure frame component and extension part inFigure 5 to the side closure frame component inFigure 2A ; -
Figure 7A is a perspective exploded view showing a portion of the bottom closure frame component, the extension part and the side closure frame component inFigure 6 ; -
Figure 7B is a perspective exploded view showing a portion of the bottom closure frame component and the cover inFigure 5 partially connected; -
Figure 8A is a cross-sectional view of the side closure frame component ofFigure 2A in use; -
Figure 8B is a cross-sectional view of the bottom closure frame component ofFigure 5 in use; -
Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view of a closure frame component assembly formed from back to back connection of two side closure frame components inFigure 1 ; -
Figure 9B is an illustrative drawing of the closure frame assembly inFigure 8A when in use; -
Figures 10A and 10B show an enlarged illustration of the various accessories/coupling parts useful in securing relative position of the closure frame components; -
Figure 10C shows an enlarged illustration of an accessory/coupling part useful in modifying the closure frame component for accommodating a pane of glass; -
Figure 11 shows a further embodiment of a closure frame component for accommodating a closure member on both one of first and second sides; -
Figure 12A and 11B show two different accessories/coupling part for use with the closure frame component inFigure 11 . -
Figure 13A shows connection of a closure member to a side closure frame component by way of a hinge; -
Figure 13B shows a lock set installed in a side closure frame component and on the closure member; -
Figure 14A is a table showing the properties of an outer layer of the closure frame component inFigure 1 ; and -
Figure 14B is a table showing the properties of an inner layer of the closure frame component inFigure 1 . - In
Figures 1 to 13B there is shown various embodiments of a fire rated closure frame extrusion component 200 in accordance with the invention and a closure frameextrusion component assembly 100 incorporating one or more of the closure frame extrusion components 200. - The closure frame extrusion component 200 and the resulting
frame assembly 100 reaches 30 minutes to 40 minutes integrity and insulation with respect toBS EN 1634 test which is a fire resistance and smoke control tests for door, shutter and, openable window assemblies and elements of building hardware. The fire resisting ability is mainly a contribution of the synergistic effect of the improvement to the structural and chemical constituents of the closure frame extrusion component 200. - Referring to
Figure 1 there is shown theframe assembly 100 formed by connecting four closure frame extrusion components 200 in accordance with the invention. These components 200 are separate parts formed by way of extrusion including atop component 200A connected to left andright components bottom component 200D. These components 200 may be useful in lining a void formed on a structural surface thereby defining an opening which may be a doorway or a window. The assembly functions as a frame of the doorway or window. - All of the
components 200A to 200D share a common dual-layered structural construction formed by a single step of extrusion. This structural improvement offers substantial advantage in fire resistance, sound insulation, thermal insulation, hardness and density. More importantly, the die for the outer layer is useful with the die for the inner layer to achieve the end product in a single step with integrity. -
Figure 2A shows the cross-sectional view of thecomponent 200A to 200C. It is clear from the drawing that there are identifiable outer andinner layers inner layer 202 is much thicker than theouter layer 201. In the preferred embodiment, theinner layer 202 is 4mm to 30 mm thick and theouter layer 201 is 0.5mm to 1.5mm thick. The outer andinner layer - A
hollow interior 203 is defined by or in in theinner layer 202. In the embodiment as shown inFigure 2A , thehollow interior 203 has a rectangular cross-section. It is dimensioned and shaped for accommodating areinforcement insert 204 such as a wooden (hard wood) block which may be useful for supporting installation of door accessories such as a door lock as shown inFigure 13B . In the preferred embodiment, theinner layer 202 comprises a material different from the material that forms theouter layer 201 and they may be formed from different types of PVC. Theinner layer 202 is preferably formed from foamed PVC. Such foamed PVC reaches 40 minutes level under BSI1634 test. - In the embodiment as shown in
Figure 2A , theinner layer 202 is partially wrapped around by theouter layer 201, leaving one side opened. Theinner layer 202 is exposed at the opened side. More specifically, theouter layer 201 forms an open bracket embracing theinner layer 202. - As can be seen in
Figures 2A and 2B , the component 200 has afirst side 205 and asecond side 206 interconnected by left and right sides. At thefirst side 205, there is an extension block or anarm 205A and a retaining means 205B both extending therefrom and running parallel to each other thereby defining a receiving zone /recess 205C there between which functions as a receiving zone useful in receiving aclosure member 500 of a specific thickness. As can be seen in later drawings such asFigure 8A , theclosure member 500 may have different thickness. For those with the right thickness such as a pane of glass, it may be accommodated in the receiving zone /recess 205C. It is also possible for theclosure member 500 such as a door with a greater thickness to rest on thefirst side 205 and span across the receiving zone /recess 205C and the retaining means 205B. Thearm 205A may serves as a stopper to prevent theclosure member 500 from going beyond it. Thearm 205A is a solid structure with no hollow interior. It does include a gap /recess 207 for holding an air seal or anintumescent strip 210. - The recess / receiving
zone 205C is lined with seals orintumescent strips 210. - The retaining means 205B on the
first side 205 includes a pair of jaws defining an opening narrower than a hollow interior behind. It may be useful in retaining abrush seal 208. The retaining means 205B is formed with theouter layer 201 by way of extrusion. Thebrush seal 208 may be replaced by a further intumescent strip depending on need. - The
inner layer 202 is exposed on thesecond side 206 of the component 200 as it is intended for resting on the structural surface in which the opening is formed. One or moreintumescent strips 206 is provided on theinner layer 202 which forms thesecond surface 206 to enhance the fire resisting properties of the component 200. - I-shaped cross-section of the
bottom component 200D is different from the L-shaped cross-section ofcomponent 200A to 200C. As shown inFigure 3 , thiscomponent 200D includes anouter layer 201 embracing at least three sides of theinner layer 202. Theinner layer 202 is a solid piece of substrate without hollow interior. Thecomponent 200D is shaped to couple with anextension part 600. A pair ofcoupler parts 209 are provided on the first and secondopposite sides component 200D respectively for accommodating apair coupler parts 211 in the form of a pair of jaws on theextension part 600. Coupling 209 and 211 between thecomponent 200D and theextension part 600 comprises male and female couplings. - As shown in
Figure 4 , top portion of theside components first side 205 of thetop component 200A for insertion therein and connection by external connectors such as screws. The complementary inter-connection fixes the relative position of thecomponents - Referring to
Figure 5 , thebottom component 200D along with theextension part 600 are fixedly attached to twocover plates 212 on its left and right ends by external connectors. As can be seen inFigures 6, 7A and 7B , one side of thecover plates 212 is shaped complementary to thefirst sides 205 of the left orright components cover plates 212 can be fitted into thefirst sides 205 of thecomponents - Turning to
Figure 8A and Figure 8B , thecomponent closure member 500 which spans across the receiving zone /recess 205C and theretainer 205B. Agap 213 is formed between theclosure member 500 and thefirst side 205 of thecomponent intumescent stipes 210A seal or close off thegap 213 from the atmosphere. Referring toFigure 8B , at thebottom component 200D, agap 213 is formed between theclosure member 500 and thefirst side 205 of thecomponent 200D as well as a rear surface of theextension part 600. Thegap 213 is also sealed off by aseal 208 and/orintumescent strips 210A which may be made of Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV). - A further embodiment of the
component 200E is shown inFigure 9A . It is anassembly 200E of twoidentical components assembly 200E is useful in establishing side-by-side arrangement of twoclosure members 500 with respective frames. Theclosure members 500 may well be two doors or as inFigure 9B , aglass pane 501 and adoor 502. - In the
assembly 200E, twocomponents second sides 206 placed adjacent one another. The two components are secured by external connectors and their relative positions are fixed by the cooperation of the connectors and a spacer which is covered by covers /end caps assembly 200E forms a center piece that is connected to sixother components component assemblies - As shown in
Figure 9B , theassembly 100A is a window frame assembly while theassembly 100B is a doorframe assembly. Thewindow frame assembly 100A is connected to doorframe assembly through thecomponent 200E. - For the
window frame assembly 100A to hold a pane ofglass 501, thecomponents 200A to 200D are modified. With reference toFigure 9B and takingcomponent 200B as an example for illustration, thecomponent 200B is equipped with aseat 300 which is secured to the receiving zone /recess 205C on thefirst side 205 by way of an external connector. Any intumescent strip in the receiving zone /recess 205C is removed. Theseat 300 includes acoupling part 301 for inter-engagement with acorresponding coupling part 401 on abead 400. As an example, thecoupling parts coupling parts bead 400 and thecomponent 200B with the pane ofglass 501 held between them.Gap 215 between theglass pane 501 and thecomponent 200B as well as thegap 402 between theglass pane 501 and thebead 400 are sealed off byrespective seals 210A which may be in the form of intumescent strip embedded at respective gaps /recess component 200B andbead 400. Theseat 300 is made of aluminum. - With reference to
Figures 13A and 13B , for thedoorframe assembly 100B, thedoor 500 is pivotally secured to thecomponent 200C through one or more pivot hinges 800. Theretainer 205B holds aseals 210A and thegap 207 is provided on an inner side of thearm 205A for accommodating anotherseal 210A. Theseals 210A may be in the form of an intumescent strips to seal of any gap between thecomponent 200C and thedoor 502. Thecomponent 200B is not in connection with thedoor 502. It is the receiving end with aseal 210 and abrush 208 provided in thearm 205A and theretainer 205B respectively to seal off and close off anygap 213 between thedoor 502 and thecomponent 200B. Thedoor 502 spans across the receiving zone /recess 205C and theretainer 205B. - The
spacer 214A is shown inFigure 10A . Theend cap 214B is shown inFigure 10B . Thespacer 214A includesribs 216 specifically constructed for engaging different parts of the second sides of thecomponents 200B. Theseribs 216 have different shapes and lengths. Theribs 216 is useful in defining or maintaining the relative positions of the twocomponents 200B. Thespacer 214A also includes two end receivers 218 for receiving and fixed connection with the twoend caps 214B that closes offgap 215 between the twocomponents 200B. The spacer 214 is made of aluminum while the end caps are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) withflexible flaps 214B-1 for sealing. - Now referring to
Figure 11 to 12B , there is shown a different embodiment of thetop component 200A. This is an illustrative example and this different embodiment may be used for example as a side component. It has a T-shaped cross-section and the dual layered structure common to allcomponents 200A to 200D. It may be considered as a variant of the embodiment of thecomponent 200E. It is a one piece structure that resembles thecomponent 200E which is an assembly of twocomponents outer layer 201 covers all sides of theinner layer 202. Theinner layer 202 is not exposed to the atmosphere, except at thegaps 207 for receiving therespective seal 210A, and includes ahollow interior 203 for accommodating a reinforcement insert such as awooden block 204. Thistop component 200A is substantially symmetrical along at least one dimension e.g. width. Both the first andsecond sides arm retainer 205B and 206B extending therefrom. On eachside recess 205C and 206C defined between therespective arm retainers 205B, 206B. A gap /recess 207 is provided on an inner side of therespective arm seal 210A. The first andsecond sides Figure 10 is useful in accommodating a pane ofglass 502 and adoor 501 respectively. As can be seen inFigure 11 , thecomponent 200A is connected to and along length of left andright components right components top component 200A' which resembles that inFigure 1 . Thesecond side 206 of thecomponent 200A together withcomponents top components 200A' form awindow frame assembly 100A for holding a pane ofglass 502, while thefirst side 205 of thecomponent 200A together withcomponents doorframe assembly 100B for holding adoor 501. - On the
first side 205, thecomponent 200A is not in connection with thedoor 502. It is the receiving end with aseal 210A and abrush 208 are provided in thearm 205A and theretainer 205B respectively to seal off and close off anygap 213 between thedoor 502 and thecomponent 200B. Thedoor 502 spans across the receiving zone /recess 205C and theretainer 205B. - On the
second side 206, thecomponent 200A is equipped with aseat 300 which is secured to the receiving zone /recess 205C by way of an external connector. Theseat 300 includes acoupling part 301 for coupling with acorresponding coupling part 401 on abead 400. More specifically thecoupling part 301 is in the form of a female coupler and thecoupling part 401 on thebead 400 is in the form of a male coupler. The two snap fit with one another to form a secured coupling thereby fixing the relative positions of thebead 400 and thecomponent 200A with the pane ofglass 501 held between them.Gap 215 between theglass pane 501 and thecomponent 200A as well as thegap 402 between theglass pane 501 and thebead 400 are sealed off byrespective seals 210A which may be in the form of intumescent strip embedded at respective gaps /recess component 200A andbead 400. Theseat 300 is made of aluminum. Theretainer 205B is useful in receiving a projection from thebead 405 for positioning. - In each embodiment, the
bead 400 has the same dual-layer construction as the components 200. - As shown in
Figure 12A , thedoor 501 is connected to thecomponent 200C by way of one or more hinges 800 and it is locked into place by a door lockset 801 tocomponent 200B. The hinges 800 and the lockset 801 are connected to thecomponents - The dual layer structure of the
components 200A to 200E allows the resultingcomponent 200A to 200E to exhibit all the preferred properties. The outer andinner layers - Various properties of the
outer layer 201 of the closure frame extrusion component 200 are provided inFigure 14A where the weather resistance ΔE is less than 3.5 under BS EN ISO11341:2004, Gloss is 60 to 70 under ASTM D523, hardness measured using shore durometer is larger than 70 under ASTM D2240, impact resistance IZOD kg-cm/cm2 at 25 degree Celsius is larger than 55 under ASTM D256, heat deflection temperature HDT in degree Celsius is about 65-69 under ASTM D648. - The properties of the
inner layer 202 of the closure frame extrusion component 200 are provided inFigure 14B . The fire resistance is 30 minutes to 40 minus underBS EN 1634, the sound insulation is 20db, the thermal insulation/conductivity is 0.05-0.07 W/M*K under DIN52616, the hardness measured by the shore durometer is larger than 65 under ASTM D2240 and the density (g/cm3) is about 0.6/1.4 under ASTM D792. - The
inner layer 202 comprises foam PVC material that does not contain any flame retardant banned by the European Union. The foamed PVCinner layer 202 has a fire resistance of 40 minutes under BS11634 standard. It also has sound and heat insulation effect. In more detail, the fire resistance ability of theoverall frame assembly 100 is mainly attributable to the properties of theinner layer 202. The foamed PVC material contains flame retardant magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, diatomaceous earth and calcium phosphate. The foaming agent is the key to the improving flame retardancy of the resulting layer. - (1) The decomposition reaction of magnesium hydroxide on heating (340-490 ° C) is as follows Mg(OH)2→MgO+H2O
It absorbs the heat from a surface of the combusting material to achieve the fire retardation ability. It also releases a lot of water to dilute the oxygen on the burning surface. Activated magnesium oxide formed from the decomposition adheres to the burning surface to prevent further combustion. - (2) Zinc borate (2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O) releases crystallized water, which absorbs a large amount of heat energy thereby lowering the combustion temperature. It also dilutes the oxygen in the air to inhibits the combustion reaction. Zinc Borate eventually produces a B2O3 glassy film covering the inner layer to act as an insulation and oxygen barrier.
- (3) Upon heating, calcium phosphate forms phosphoric acid and promotes carbon formation to reduce heat conduction from the flame to inner layer. The phosphoric acid inhibits oxidation of CO to CO2 thereby lowers the temperature of the combustion. It also forms a glassy or liquid protective layer on the surface of the polymer, which reduces oxygen diffusion heat transfer, inhibits the carbon oxidation process. It also contains phosphorus-containing flame retardant which is thermally decomposed as follows
Phosphorus flame retardant → Phosphoric acid → phosphoric acid → polymetaphosphoric acid
The polyphosphoric acid coats the surface of the polymer and isolate it from air. It has high water absorption ability and absorbs large amount of heat to allow the surface retardant on the polymer to heat up and decompose thereby releases PO· to capture H· and reduces combustion, i.e. PO·+H·=HPO. - (4) Diatomaceous earth is mainly cerium oxide. Its ignition point can be as high as 1600 °C which is an important flame retardation property. Its high porosity offers heat insulation and sound insulation properties.
- (5) The flame retardation property is mainly attributable to the foaming agent and as detailed below.
- (a), 4,4'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) burns at 155-165 °C to produce N2, an inert gas to suppress combustion and H2O in the form of water vapor to suppress combustion by lowering the temperature.
- (b) Sodium bicarbonate burns at 160-170°C to produce CO2 which is an inert gas to suppress combustion and H2O in the form of water vapor to suppress combustion by lowering the temperature.
2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
- (c) Citric acid [Tricarboxylic acid] burns at 140-160 ° C to produce CO2 which is an inert gas to suppress combustion and H2O in the form of water vapor to suppress combustion by lowering the temperature.
- (a), 4,4'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) burns at 155-165 °C to produce N2, an inert gas to suppress combustion and H2O in the form of water vapor to suppress combustion by lowering the temperature.
- In the experiment, a vertical flame is placed underneath a PVC board, which burns and penetrates the board in 18 minutes. The adding of foaming agent increases the time require to penetrate the board to 45 minutes.
- The invention has been given by way of example only, and various other modifications of and/or alterations to the described embodiment may be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as specified in the appended claims.
-
- 1. An extrusion component of a closure frame for defining an opening which is closable by a closure member, comprising:
- an elongate body having first and second sides, at least one of which is shaped for accommodating said closure member;
- wherein the elongate body includes an outer layer integrally formed with an inner layer and the inner layer has an outer surface correspondingly shaped by or with an inner surface of the outer layer.
- 2. The extrusion component as per
clause 1 above, wherein the inner layer has an inner surface that defines a hollow interior suitable for accommodating a reinforcement insert. - 3. The extrusion component as per
clause 2 above, wherein the reinforcement insert is in attachment with the inner layer by way of adhesive. - 4. The extrusion component as per
clause 1 above, wherein the outer layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). - 5. The extrusion component as per
clause 1 above, wherein the inner layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a foaming agent. - 6. The closure frame extrusion component as per
clause 1 above, wherein the foaming agent comprises at least one of 4,4'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), sodium bicarbonate and Tricarboxylic acid. - 7. The extrusion component as per clause 5 above, wherein the inner layer further includes a material selected from a group consisting magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, calcium phosphate and Diatomaceous earth
- 8. The extrusion component as per
clause 2 above, wherein the reinforcement insert comprises wood material for supporting installation of one or more accessories. - 9. The extrusion component as per any one or more of the clauses above, wherein the first side of the elongate body includes a shaped retainer integrally formed therewith for retaining an external part to be attached to the first side of the elongate body.
- 10. The extrusion component as per clause 9 above, wherein the first side of the elongate body includes an extension part integrally formed thereto and spaced apart from the retainer for engaging said closure member.
- 11. The extrusion component as per clause 10 above, wherein the retainer and the extension part run parallel to each other along the length of the elongate body and define a receiving zone for accommodating said closure member therein.
- 12. The extrusion component as per any one of clauses 9 to 11 above, wherein the second side is at least partially devoid of an outer layer thereby exposing the inner layer.
- 13. The extrusion component as per any one of clauses 9 to 11 above, wherein the second side is a mirror image of the first side.
- 14. An extrusion component assembly comprising two extrusion components as per any one of clauses 9 to 12 above, wherein the extrusion components are connected by a connector and with their second sides arranged next to one another.
- 15. The extrusion component assembly as per clause 14 above, wherein the second sides of the extrusion components defines a gap into which a spacer is placed.
- 16. The extrusion component assembly as per clause 15 above, wherein the spacer includes one or more ribs extending from a main body for maintaining the gap.
- 17. The extrusion component assembly as per clause 15 or 16 above, wherein the gap is concealed by a cover engaging one end of the spacer.
- 18. An extrusion component assembly comprising an extrusion component as per any one or more of
clauses 1 to 8 above coupled to an extension part by way of a coupler. - 19. The extrusion component assembly as per clause 18 above, wherein the coupler includes a pair of recesses provided on the first and second sides of the component respectively for accommodating a pair of jaws on the extension part.
- 20. The extrusion component as per clause 18 or 19 above, wherein the assembly is sealed off on opposite sides by respective covers connected thereto by way of connectors.
- 21. The extrusion component as per
clause 1 above, wherein at least one of the first side and the second side includes one or more intumescent strip attached thereto. - 22. The extrusion component as per any one or more of clauses 9 to 11 above, wherein the receiving zone includes a coupling part that couples with a co-operable coupling part on a bead for co-operatively holding a pane of glass.
- 23. The extrusion component as per clause 22 above, wherein the coupling part is connected to the receiving zone by way of a connector.
- 24. The extrusion component as per clause 22 above, wherein the retainer is shaped to engage a projection on the bead for fixing relative position of the extrusion component and the bead.
- 25. An extrusion component assembly comprising at least three extrusion components as per any one or more of clauses 9 to 12 above and one extrusion component as per any one or more of clauses 18 or 19 above, connected to one another by way of connectors to form a frame defining an opening therein.
- 26. An extrusion component as per any one or more of
clauses 1 to 25 above, wherein the outer layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the inner layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a foaming agent, the overall extrusion component attaining a level of at least 30 minutes in aBS EN 1634 test. - 27. A method of forming the closure frame extrusion component as per
clause 1 above, wherein the outer and inner layers of material are integrally formed and simultaneously shaped in a same extrusion step. - 28. The method of clause 27 above, wherein the inner layer of material defines a hollow interior in said same extrusion step for accommodating an insert.
- 28. The method of clause 27 above, including the step of providing a second die inside a first die.
- 29. The method of clause 28 above, further including the step of supplying a first substrate of material between the first and second die and a second substrate into the second die thereby during extrusion, the first substrate of material forms the outer layer of the closure frame component as claimed in
claim 1 and the second substrate of material forms the inner layer of the same closure frame component in a single step of extrusion.
Claims (15)
- An extrusion component of a closure frame for defining an opening which is closable by a closure member, comprising:an elongate body having first and second sides, at least one of which is shaped for accommodating said closure member;wherein the elongate body includes an outer layer integrally formed with an inner layer and the inner layer has an outer surface correspondingly shaped by or with an inner surface of the outer layer.
- The extrusion component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner layer has an inner surface that defines a hollow interior suitable for accommodating a reinforcement insert, and optionally wherein the reinforcement insert is in attachment with the inner layer by way of adhesive, and/or
the reinforcement insert comprises wood material for supporting installation of one or more accessories. - The extrusion component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and/or the inner layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a foaming agent, wherein optionally the foaming agent comprises at least one of 4,4'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), sodium bicarbonate and Tricarboxylic acid.
- The extrusion component as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inner layer further includes a material selected from a group consisting magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, calcium phosphate and Diatomaceous earth
- The extrusion component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first side of the elongate body includes a shaped retainer integrally formed therewith for retaining an external part to be attached to the first side of the elongate body, and optionallywherein the first side of the elongate body includes an extension part integrally formed thereto and spaced apart from the retainer for engaging said closure member, and/ or optionallywherein the retainer and the extension part run parallel to each other along the length of the elongate body and define a receiving zone for accommodating said closure member therein, and/or optionally.
- The extrusion component as claimed in any one of claim 5, wherein the second side is at least partially devoid of an outer layer thereby exposing the inner layer, and/or the second side is a mirror image of the first side.
- An extrusion component assembly comprising two extrusion components as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the extrusion components are connected by a connector and with their second sides arranged next to one another.
- The extrusion component assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second sides of the extrusion components defines a gap into which a spacer is placed, and optionally wherein the spacer includes one or more ribs extending from a main body for maintaining the gap.
- The extrusion component assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the gap is concealed by a cover engaging one end of the spacer.
- An extrusion component assembly comprising an extrusion component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 coupled to an extension part by way of a coupler, and optionally wherein the coupler includes a pair of recesses provided on the first and second sides of the component respectively for accommodating a pair of jaws on the extension part, and/or optionally wherein the assembly is sealed off on opposite sides by respective covers connected thereto by way of connectors.
- The extrusion component as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first side and the second side includes one or more intumescent strip attached thereto.
- The extrusion component as claimed in claim 5, wherein the receiving zone includes a coupling part that couples with a co-operable coupling part on a bead for co-operatively holding a pane of glass, and optionally wherein the coupling part is connected to the receiving zone by way of a connector, and/or optionally wherein the retainer is shaped to engage a projection on the bead for fixing relative position of the extrusion component and the bead.
- An extrusion component assembly comprising at least three extrusion components as claimed in claim 5 and one extrusion component as claimed in claim 10 connected to one another by way of connectors to form a frame defining an opening therein.
- An extrusion component as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the inner layer comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a foaming agent, the overall extrusion component attaining a level of at least 30 minutes in a BS EN 1634 test.
- A method of forming the closure frame extrusion component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer and inner layers of material are integrally formed and simultaneously shaped in a same extrusion step, and optionally wherein the inner layer of material defines a hollow interior in said same extrusion step for accommodating an insert, and/or wherein the method includes the step of providing a second die inside a first die, and optionally the step of supplying a first substrate of material between the first and second die and a second substrate into the second die thereby during extrusion, the first substrate of material forms the outer layer of the closure frame component as claimed in claim 1 and the second substrate of material forms the inner layer of the same closure frame component in a single step of extrusion.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19163311.4A EP3708758A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-03-15 | A closure fire rated frame extrusion component and a method of making the same |
GB1903684.7A GB2573201B (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-03-18 | A fire rated closure frame extrusion component and a method of making the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19163311.4A EP3708758A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-03-15 | A closure fire rated frame extrusion component and a method of making the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3708758A1 true EP3708758A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
Family
ID=65818252
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19163311.4A Withdrawn EP3708758A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-03-15 | A closure fire rated frame extrusion component and a method of making the same |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3708758A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2573201B (en) |
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US4130976A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-12-26 | Gerbruder Kommerling Kunststoffwerke G.M.B.H. | Frame for doors, windows and the like |
US4383812A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1983-05-17 | Mario Calcagni | Extrusion head for moldings to be used in the construction of window, door and the like frames |
US20040255527A1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-23 | Chen Kuei Yung Wang | Extruded window and door composite frames |
GB2444772A (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-18 | Bowater Building Products Ltd | Fire resistant door |
US20100281811A1 (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2010-11-11 | Knapp Wolf D | Method for producing reinforced plastic profiles having improved thermal insulation for window construction |
CN103758439A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-30 | 郑建祥 | Steel-plastic co-extruded energy-saving profile full coated with hard PVC (polyvinyl chloride) |
GB2561582A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-10-24 | Veka Plc | Window, stile and cover bar |
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DE3407639A1 (en) * | 1984-03-01 | 1985-09-12 | Gebrüder Kömmerling Kunststoffwerke GmbH, 6780 Pirmasens | CONNECTING ROD, ESPECIALLY FOR WINDOW FRAMES, DOOR FRAMES AND ROLLER SHUTTERS |
US6003277A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-12-21 | Newell Industrial Corporation | Co-extruded integrally reinforced cellular PVC window sash |
DE19816913C2 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 2003-03-13 | Franz Immanuel Karl Fa | Windows, especially wooden or plastic windows |
DE202009000042U1 (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-03-11 | Spiering, August | Hollow profile for a window, a door or the like. with hollow chambers |
KR20120126283A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-21 | 주식회사 대광도어 | Framework of fireproof door |
CN207092824U (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-03-13 | 江山斯可馨家居有限公司 | Combined door pocket |
-
2019
- 2019-03-15 EP EP19163311.4A patent/EP3708758A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-03-18 GB GB1903684.7A patent/GB2573201B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4130976A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-12-26 | Gerbruder Kommerling Kunststoffwerke G.M.B.H. | Frame for doors, windows and the like |
US4383812A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1983-05-17 | Mario Calcagni | Extrusion head for moldings to be used in the construction of window, door and the like frames |
US20040255527A1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-23 | Chen Kuei Yung Wang | Extruded window and door composite frames |
GB2444772A (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-18 | Bowater Building Products Ltd | Fire resistant door |
US20100281811A1 (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2010-11-11 | Knapp Wolf D | Method for producing reinforced plastic profiles having improved thermal insulation for window construction |
CN103758439A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-30 | 郑建祥 | Steel-plastic co-extruded energy-saving profile full coated with hard PVC (polyvinyl chloride) |
GB2561582A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-10-24 | Veka Plc | Window, stile and cover bar |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2573201A (en) | 2019-10-30 |
GB2573201B (en) | 2021-11-17 |
GB201903684D0 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
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