EP3704289A2 - Préparation de fibres de carbone à partir de fibres précurseurs lignine/pva - Google Patents
Préparation de fibres de carbone à partir de fibres précurseurs lignine/pvaInfo
- Publication number
- EP3704289A2 EP3704289A2 EP18795551.3A EP18795551A EP3704289A2 EP 3704289 A2 EP3704289 A2 EP 3704289A2 EP 18795551 A EP18795551 A EP 18795551A EP 3704289 A2 EP3704289 A2 EP 3704289A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- lignin
- pva
- precursor
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/16—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
- D01F9/17—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate from lignin
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/50—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyalcohols, polyacetals or polyketals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to precursor fibers of carbon fibers, a process for producing such precursor fibers and a process for producing carbon fibers.
- PAN PAN
- high modulus carbon fibers are made from mesophasic pitch.
- the fibers are subjected to heat treatment in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 1000-1500 ° C. Subsequently, the fiber is composed of at least 92% by weight of carbon. In some cases, the fiber is heated to more than 3000 ° C, so-called graphitization step, which improves the scheduling of carbon planes in the direction of the fiber.
- High temperature infusibility is the most important requirement for a precursor material to be able to withstand the carbonization process.
- the precursor fibers thus undergo a heat-stabilization treatment at low air-heating rate up to 200-300 ° C to make them infusible.
- Precursor materials represent attractive prospects for the oil industry.
- carbon fiber Cellulose and lignin, two very abundant biomaterials, have been the subject of in-depth studies for several years.
- the present invention focuses on lignin as an alternative precursor material for carbon fibers.
- Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on earth and is therefore a widely available and renewable material. More than 50 million tonnes of lignin are mined each year, mainly as by-products of biofuel and paper production. Large amounts of the resulting lignin are used as an internal source of energy, but there is growing interest in using it for higher value applications.
- Lignin is an amorphous polyol consisting of branched units of methoxylated phenylpropane with a three-dimensional structure, the form and constitution of which are determined by the type of plant from which the polymer is derived and the extraction process used to separate the lignin from the cellulose. Therefore, depending on its origin, the molecular structure of the lignin shows variations, which leads to varying chemical and physical properties between the different lignin grades.
- lignin The main sources of lignin are found in the pulp industry (eg kraft lignin, lignosulfonate and lignin soda) and in biorefineries (eg lignin organosolv).
- the most commonly used extraction technique is the kraft or sulphate pulping process, in which the lignin is separated from the cellulose by dissolving the wood in aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulphide. (Na 2 S) at elevated temperatures (“kraft lignin” or "alkaline lignin”).
- the sulphite pulping process uses aqueous sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and calcium, magnesium, sodium or ammonium to dissolve the lignin, resulting in "lignosulphonates".
- SO 2 sulfur dioxide
- CaOH sodium hydroxide
- This type of lignin is sulfur-free and, unlike other lignin grades, is mainly obtained from non-woody plants.
- organic solvents are used to solubilize wood lignin.
- Organic solvents are used to solubilize wood lignin.
- “Organosolv lignin” contains only very small amounts of inorganic compounds, making it a high purity lignin.
- Lignin which has a carbon content of 60 to 65%, is generally a low-cost, environmentally friendly carbon fiber precursor.
- the current processes have not yet successfully reached the industrial markets because of the various limitations summarized in the following paragraphs.
- the earliest attempts to develop lignin-based carbon fibers began in the 1960s and 1970s.
- the 1969 S. Otani patent (US 3461082) relates to a fairly general method of producing carbonized lignin fibers. No limitation on the type of lignin (from the group of alkaline lignins, lignosulphonates or their mixtures) or the method of treatment (dry, wet or fusion spinning) is mentioned.
- Lu et al. did not carbonize the PVA lignin fibers obtained. The inventors believe that carbonization would in fact be impossible given the insufficient amount of lignin.
- Other disadvantages of the method of Lu et al. are the use of methanol and acetone for coagulation and their batch process, which increase the costs of fiber production. CN 104,947,244 and Mariko Ago et al.
- CN 104 947 244 explicitly relates to a method for extracting and preparing composite nanofibers (abbreviated).
- Mariko Ago et al. (2012) concerns nanofibers ( Figure 3).
- These methods do not make it possible to obtain directly fibers of more than 1 micron in diameter. They necessarily lead to nanofibers.
- the transposition of such methods according to the prior art on a large scale is still a technological problem. In particular, they do not make it possible to produce multifilament yarns, such as those used in composite technologies and traditional textiles.
- the present invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a new precursor of carbon fibers, and in particular a precursor having a high lignin content in the fibers.
- the present invention also aims to solve the technical problem of providing a new process for the preparation of precursors of carbon fibers.
- the present invention also aims to solve the problem of providing a new process for manufacturing carbon fibers, and in particular with a high rate of carbonization efficiency.
- the present invention also aims to solve the technical problem of providing a new method
- the method of the invention is a wet spinning process.
- the resulting fibers have diameters ranging from 1 to 1000 microns, and in general from 1 to 100 microns.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to produce multifilaments and is particularly industrially viable.
- the object of the present invention is to provide such processes in a reliable and environmentally friendly way.
- the present invention aims to provide such methods inexpensively.
- the present invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a new precursor of ecological carbon fiber and low production cost. Description of the invention
- the invention relates in particular to the production of lignin-PVA fibers.
- PVA makes it possible to obtain good mechanical properties of the precursor lignin fiber.
- a very important factor is the yield obtained after carbonization.
- the lignin-PVA fibers must therefore contain a lignin content greater than 50%.
- the invention relates to a process for producing precursor fibers of carbon fibers comprising a lignin and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and containing at least 60% by weight of lignin relative to the total mass lignin-PVA. making a solution of lignin and PVA in a solvent, injecting the solution containing lignin and PVA into a coagulation bath to obtain one or more fibers, containing at least 60% by weight of lignin, coagulated by wet spinning.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the invention thus relates to a process for the wet-continuous spinning of lignin-PVA fibers containing 60% or more of lignin, using non-hazardous solvents and mild processing conditions.
- the solvent of the lignin solution and the solvent of the PVA solution are an identical solvent.
- the solvent of the lignin solution and / or the solvent of the PVA solution are chosen from water, an aqueous solution comprising one or more salts, an ionic liquid, an organic solvent (for example N N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N'-dimethylethyleneurea, ethylene glycol, dimethylsulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran), and any of their mixtures, and preferably comprise or consist of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- a precursor fiber spinning solution containing lignin and PVA in a given solvent is thus prepared.
- the mixture is homogeneous.
- the concentration of lignin in the organic solvent is between 10 and 50%, and for example between 20 and 40%, for example between 30 and 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the solution with lignin.
- the concentration of lignin in solution must be increased up to its solubility threshold, generally between 20 and 40% by weight of the total mass of the solution. It is preferred to carry out a mixture at a high shearing, for example in which a sonication or ball mill and any mixing system known in the art can be used to improve the dissolution.
- a PVA solution is prepared by dispersing a PVA powder in the same solvent or in another solvent.
- the molar mass of PVA is in the range of 10,000 to 500,000 g / mol, for example as a reinforcing element having a high affinity for mixing with lignin.
- the concentration of PVA in the organic solvent is between 1 and 30%, and for example between 5 and 20%, and still for example between 5 and 15% by weight relative to the mass of the solution.
- the solution of PVA prepared by dissolution at concentrations of 1 to 30% by weight can be mixed with a lignin solution in any possible ratio.
- the masses of lignin and PVA solutions are mixed in equal or substantially equal proportions.
- the lignin can be dissolved directly in the PVA solution previously produced.
- the PVA can be dissolved directly into a lignin solution.
- the concentration of lignin in the lignin-PVA solution comprises a higher mass of lignin than of PVA.
- the mass of lignin and the mass of PVA are determined as a function of the desired ratio in the final precursor fibers.
- Especially precursor fibers comprising at least 60% mass of lignin.
- the relative lignin / PVA ratio is controlled.
- the lignin / PVA solution may further contain fillers such as graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, cellulosic whiskers or microfibrillated cellulose.
- the solution can be prepared in two steps, separately preparing a lignin solution and a PVA solution and then mixing them.
- melt spinning is the most studied technique for the production of lignin-based precursor fibers.
- lignin-spun lignin carbon fibers no significant progress has been made so far.
- the lignin spinning process has been studied extensively.
- the use of melt spinning remains delicate because the fibers obtained by melt spinning are fragile unless a large amount of plasticizer is used. introduced.
- the use of large amounts of expensive plasticizers makes the carbonization step more difficult and less effective.
- the main limitation of melt spinning is the use of fusible lignin grades, which by definition implies the need for a long, difficult and expensive stabilization step prior to carbonization.
- the solution proposed by the present invention is particularly expected by industry to provide low cost carbon fiber precursors, and on the other hand more environmentally friendly, especially by their manufacturing process.
- the lignin is a kraft lignin, a soda lignin, an organosolv lignin, or a lignosulfonate.
- the present invention comprises the use of unmodified Kraft lignin lignin.
- the lignin can thus be combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), for example as a reinforcing polymer to facilitate the spinning process.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the lignin solution comprises a dispersion of fillers, and for example comprises nanoparticles such as, for example, graphene, graphene oxide (GO), Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cellulose fibers ("cellulosic whiskers”), cellulose microfibrils, and any of their mixtures can be added to the lignin to obtain the precursor fibers of the invention.
- nanoparticles can typically be added to the lignin solution to achieve better fiber structuring.
- the concentration of these fillers in the precursor fiber is for example between 0.05% and 10% relative to the weight of the fiber and advantageously between 0.05% and 1%.
- the fibers described are suitable as precursors for the subsequent carbonization of carbon fibers (without the necessary stabilization treatment). These fillers can induce orientation in the direction of the fibers and thus increase the structure and crystallinity of the composite fibers. In addition, these fillers can also increase the carbonization yields of the fibers.
- the present invention relates to a process for the wet spinning of lignin.
- the lignin may be wet-spun into fibers in combination with small amounts of PVA as a low cost plasticizer polymer.
- the wet spinning is carried out according to the conditions known to those skilled in the art.
- the lignin fibers are formed by wet spinning or dry jet.
- the solution containing lignin, PVA and optional additives is, for example, injected by a die into a counter-solvent in which the solids coagulate to form a fiber in the gel state.
- the solution is injected into an air space of several millimeters to several centimeters before being immersed in the counter-solvent.
- the die can consist of a single hole up to several thousand holes.
- the diameters of the fibers obtained are between 1 and 1000 ⁇ and preferably between 10 and 100 ⁇ .
- the diameters of the fibers are typically measured by optical and electronic microscopies, according to the knowledge of those skilled in the art. In general, optical microscopy is used in reflection mode and scanning electron microscopy. It is preferred to use optical microscopy for fibers larger than 1 micron in diameter and scanning electron microscopy for fibers smaller than 10 microns in size.
- the coagulation bath comprises a counter-solvent for the coagulation of lignin, said counter-solvent being preferably chosen from water, an aqueous saline solution and organic solvents comprising one or more hydroxyl groups, polyols or ketones used. alone or in mixtures.
- the solvent and the counter-solvent must be miscible.
- an alcohol is used as a counter-solvent for the coagulation bath.
- isopropanol, ethanol or butanol or one of their mixtures is used as a counter-solvent for a coagulation bath.
- the spinning conditions of the lignin blending solutions must be adapted to each particular case.
- the appropriate counter-solvents leading to the coagulation of lignin include, but are not limited to: water, aqueous saline solutions and organic solvents characterized by one or more hydroxyl groups, the solvent and the counter-solvent being advantageously miscible.
- the process according to the present invention allows the use of solvents and non-toxic materials, making it possible to improve the ecological footprint of the process of the invention on the environment.
- the fiber in the gel state can pass through one or more wash baths, optionally to remove residual solvent from the solution or salt residues.
- the wash baths may contain water, alcohol, organic solvents or mixtures thereof.
- the fibers can also be stretched during these operations.
- the washing baths generally contain the same counter-solvent as that used for coagulation or another counter-solvent such as water, an aqueous salt solution, an organic solvent comprising one or more hydroxyl groups or a solvent identical to that of the spinning solution and any of their combinations.
- the process comprises drying the coagulated fibers, preferably after rinsing the coagulated fibers.
- an alcohol is used as a solvent for rinsing the coagulated fiber.
- isopropanol, ethanol, butanol or a mixture thereof is used as a rinsing solvent.
- the drying of the fibers should take place at temperatures from room temperature up to 250 ° C before hot drawing and winding.
- the coagulated fibers are kept under mechanical tension during drying.
- the fiber is kept under tension in the spinning line. The applied tension and the stretching process generally improve the structure and mechanical properties of the lignin fibers.
- the dried fibers are pre-impregnated by passing through a bath containing an impregnating agent, before carbonization.
- This procedure consists, for example, in passing the precursor fiber into a bath containing, for example, urea, a polysiloxane solution, a silane solution or similar substances.
- the final amount of additives on the surface of the fibers generally varies from 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the weight of the impregnated fiber. Indeed, to increase the carbonization yield and / or the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber, it is possible to preimpregnate the precursor fiber before carbonization.
- This procedure consists, for example, in passing the precursor fiber into a bath containing, for example, urea, a polysiloxane solution, a silane solution or similar substances.
- the final amount of additives on the surface of the fibers generally varies from 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the weight of the impregnated fiber.
- the present invention thus relates to a material comprising or consisting of one or more precursor fibers of carbon fibers, the precursor fiber or fibers comprising a proportion of lignin greater than or equal to 60% by weight and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the present invention also relates to a material comprising or consisting of one or more precursor fibers of carbon fibers, the precursor fiber or fibers comprising a proportion of lignin greater than or equal to 60% by weight and an alcohol polyvinyl (PVA) and obtainable by a process as defined according to the present invention.
- a material comprising or consisting of one or more precursor fibers of carbon fibers, the precursor fiber or fibers comprising a proportion of lignin greater than or equal to 60% by weight and an alcohol polyvinyl (PVA) and obtainable by a process as defined according to the present invention.
- PVA alcohol polyvinyl
- a precursor fiber comprises a proportion of lignin greater than or equal to 65%, preferably greater than or equal to 70%, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 75% by weight relative to the mass of the fiber.
- the precursor fibers according to the present specification comprise a high content of lignin.
- the amount of lignin can be detected by thermogravimetric analysis.
- the precursor fiber comprises a proportion of lignin less than or equal to 90%, and for example less than or equal to 85% by weight relative to the mass of the fiber.
- the precursor fibers according to the present invention have a high level of carbonization.
- the carbonization rate is greater than 30%.
- the lignin fibers do not contain PANs.
- the precursor fiber comprises a proportion of PVA of less than or equal to 40%, preferably less than or equal to 35%, and even more preferably less than or equal to 30% by weight relative to the weight of the fiber.
- the precursor fiber comprises a proportion of PVA less than or equal to 25% by mass relative to the mass of the fiber.
- the precursor fibers consist of lignin, PVA and optionally carbon precursor charges by carbonization.
- a precursor fiber further comprises carbonaceous fillers.
- the carbonaceous fillers are chosen from graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, cellulosic whiskers or microfibrillated cellulose. These fillers can induce orientation in the direction of the fibers and thus improve the structure and crystallinity of the composite fibers.
- the lignin fiber Prior to carbonization, the lignin fiber may undergo a stabilization or oxidation treatment, whereby it is heated from 20 to 200 ° C under an oxidizing atmosphere (air) at low heating rates.
- the process usually causes lignin to cross-link to make it infusible.
- the treatment can last from 1 minute to 24 hours.
- the fibers can also be treated with physical oxidation methods such as: plasma treatment, microwave treatment, gamma or beta radiation, electron beam treatment or ozone.
- Another important advantage of the process of the invention is the use of Kraft softwood infusible lignin, according to a preferred embodiment.
- the melt-spun lignin fibers can only be produced from fusible qualities, but they are thermally unstable for the next carbonization step.
- the stabilization procedures prior to the carbonization of the fusible fibers are complex and consume time and energy, which considerably increases fiber prices.
- the process of the invention does not comprise stabilization or oxidation treatment, in particular before carbonization.
- the precursor fibers according to the present invention do not liquefy at high temperature, and in particular at the carbonization temperature.
- the precursor fibers according to the present invention are therefore infusible.
- the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing carbon fibers, said process comprising the manufacture of precursor fibers according to a process as defined in the invention, the drying, if necessary, of the coagulated fibers, preferably after rinsing the coagulated fibers, and the carbonization of the dried fibers to obtain a carbon fiber.
- the carbon fiber can be obtained by carbonization with or without prior thermostabilization.
- lignin-based precursors fibers obtained by wet spinning can be carbonized in a static or continuous carbonization furnace at temperatures between 800 and 2000 ° C under an inert atmosphere (eg nitrogen, argon). It is recommended to heat the fibers under tension to avoid a strong withdrawal in length.
- the diameters of the fibers are generally reduced to 1 -70 ⁇ .
- the fibers are held under mechanical tension during carbonization.
- the invention also relates to a material, comprising or consisting of one or more precursor fibers of carbon fibers, wherein the precursor fiber (s) comprises a proportion of lignin greater than or equal to 60% by weight and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- the precursor fiber (s) comprises a proportion of lignin greater than or equal to 60% by weight and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- the invention also relates to a material, comprising or consisting of one or more carbon fiber precursor fibers, wherein the precursor fiber (s) comprise a proportion of lignin greater than or equal to 60% by weight and an alcohol polyvinyl (PVA) and obtainable by a process as defined according to the invention.
- precursor fiber (s) comprise a proportion of lignin greater than or equal to 60% by weight and an alcohol polyvinyl (PVA) and obtainable by a process as defined according to the invention.
- PVA alcohol polyvinyl
- the precursor fiber or fibers further comprise carbonaceous fillers.
- the carbonaceous fillers are chosen from graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, cellulosic whiskers or microfibrillated cellulose. These fillers can induce orientation in the direction of the fibers and thus improve the structure and crystallinity of the composite fibers.
- the lignin precursor fibers may be carbonized into individual fibers or multifilaments, or may be woven into fabrics which are subsequently carbonized. Graphitization of carbon fibers obtained at temperatures above 2000 ° C is also possible.
- the present invention relates to multifilament yarns.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to produce multifilaments and is particularly industrially viable.
- the method of the invention for spinning the wires uses a multitrous injection head to obtain multifilament yarns.
- the resulting fibers can be carbonized directly at temperatures between 800 and 2000 ° C under an inert atmosphere, without any necessary oxidative stabilization step (when using infusible Kraft lignin), but with high carbon yields.
- the carbonization can for example be carried out in a static oven with a suitable voltage system or in one or more continuous kilns under tension.
- Graphitization up to 3000 ° C can be performed in the same way to improve the structure of the carbon fiber.
- the invention relates to a process for obtaining carbon fibers or activated carbon fibers from a lignin-based precursor fiber and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- the precursor fiber has a high lignin content and is obtained by wet spinning.
- the invention therefore represents an economical process based on a renewable raw material for the preparation of carbon fibers.
- the carbon fibers obtained from the spun-melt lignin still do not have the mechanical and / or electrical and / or thermal properties required for their implementation in larger-scale industrial applications.
- the present invention further relates to carbon fibers obtainable by a manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to a composite material comprising carbon fibers obtainable by a manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- the invention covers a method comprising the following steps:
- the targeted applications for carbon fibers from lignin according to the invention are multiple.
- the fibers can be used as they are or can be transformed into fabrics, in combination with other fibers.
- the fibers are suitable for example for the preparation of laminates, for infusion or other techniques used for the manufacture of composite materials.
- the fibers may be combined with thermoplastic or thermosetting resins or elastomers.
- the following industrial domains could constitute markets for these composite materials: construction and infrastructure, industrial equipment, transport (vehicles, railways, boats, etc.), electricity and electronics, sports and leisure, and renewable energies (for example wind turbines).
- the carbon fibers according to the invention are particularly suitable for mass applications, such as in the transport industry, sports and leisure and wind energy, for example.
- the terms "the fiber” or “the fibers” are used indiscriminately regardless of the embodiment, the variant or the advantageous or preferred characteristic. Thus, all the embodiments, or advantageous or preferred features relate to one or more fibers.
- a solution of kraft lignin in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 35% by weight is mixed with a solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in DMSO at 10% by weight in equal parts.
- a homogeneous mixture solution containing 17.5% by weight of Kraft lignin and 5% by weight of PVA is obtained by mixing for at least 30 minutes at room temperature.
- the solution is then injected into a coagulation bath containing isopropanol.
- a coagulated monofilament fiber passes into a washing bath containing ethanol to remove DMSO residues and to facilitate the drying process.
- the fiber is then dried in an infrared oven at 80-90 ° C and then wound. After removal of DMSO, the dried fiber contains 78% Kraft lignin and 22% PVA.
- Example 3 40 g of a Kraft lignin solution (35% by weight in DMSO) is mixed with 60 g of a PVA solution (10% by weight in DMSO). The mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature. The lignin-PVA solution is injected into a coagulation bath containing isopropanol through a multifilament die (diameter 90 ⁇ ). The multifilament fiber is washed in isopropanol and dried at 90 ° C. in an infrared oven before being dried. to be rolled up. The final fiber contains 70% Kraft lignin and 30% PVA. The carbonization of the multifilament fiber can be carried out as described in Example 1.
- Example 3 40 g of a Kraft lignin solution (35% by weight in DMSO) is mixed with 60 g of a PVA solution (10% by weight in DMSO). The mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature. The lignin-PVA solution is injected into a coagulation bath
- a homogeneous dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals is prepared in DMSO by sonication.
- the Kraft lignin powder is added to the dispersion and the mixture is prepared by stirring until the lignin dissolves.
- the final concentrations in the dispersion are 2% by weight of NCC and 26.6% by weight of lignin.
- a solution of PVA in DMSO at 1 1, 4% by weight is prepared.
- the dispersion of NCC-lignin and the PVA solution are mixed in equal parts.
- the spinning solution containing 13.3% by weight of lignin, 5.7% by weight of PVA and 1% by weight of NCC is injected into a coagulation bath containing isopropanol.
- the fiber is washed in isopropanol, drawn and dried at 90 ° C in an infrared oven before being rolled up.
- the final fiber contains 66.5% Kraft lignin, 28.5% PVA and 5% NCC.
- the carbonization of the fiber can be carried out as described in Example 1.
- a dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) at 2% by weight in DMSO is mixed with a solution of Kraft lignin (at 35% by weight in DMSO) and with a solution of PVA (at 10% by mass in the DMSO).
- the mixing solution is injected into a coagulation bath containing ethanol through a syringe with a diameter of 50 ⁇ .
- the fibers obtained are stretched by a factor of 2 and then dried at room temperature.
- the resulting fibers, containing 70% Kraft lignin, 25% PVA and 5% GO, can be carbonized as described in Example 1.
- Example 2 80 g of DMSO are heated to 90 ° C. and 6 g of PVA are added, thus a solution of PVA is prepared. Then 14 g of Kraft lignin is added and the mixture is kept stirring for at least 6 hours under heating. The spinning solution is coagulated into fibers as described in Example 2. The precursor fibers at 70% Kraft lignin and 30% PVA can be carbonized as described in Example 1.
- This comparative example shows the importance of a level of lignin according to the invention.
- Two lignin-PVA precursor fibers were spun according to the process of the invention under similar conditions, that is to say by solubilization in DMSO and then coagulation in isopropanol.
- the fibers thus produced differ only in their mass ratio lignin / PVA.
- One fiber has a ratio 70/30 and another 50/50.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1760248A FR3072976B1 (fr) | 2017-10-30 | 2017-10-30 | Preparation de fibres de carbone a partir de fibres precurseurs lignine/pva |
| PCT/EP2018/079571 WO2019086377A2 (fr) | 2017-10-30 | 2018-10-29 | Préparation de fibres de carbone à partir de fibres précurseurs lignine/pva |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3704289A2 true EP3704289A2 (fr) | 2020-09-09 |
| EP3704289B1 EP3704289B1 (fr) | 2024-01-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18795551.3A Active EP3704289B1 (fr) | 2017-10-30 | 2018-10-29 | Préparation de fibres de carbone à partir de fibres précurseurs lignine/pva |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3704289B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3072976B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019086377A2 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112457615B (zh) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-12-02 | 深圳市正旺环保新材料有限公司 | 一种耐拉伸且易降解的塑料袋及其制备方法 |
| CN114752201B (zh) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-05-26 | 江南大学 | 一种分散相纳米复合材料、高强高耐内应力开裂共混物及制备方法和应用 |
| CN115787145B (zh) * | 2022-11-16 | 2024-07-30 | 上海理工大学 | 一种银掺杂的木质素基复合碳纤维的制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3461082A (en) | 1964-10-10 | 1969-08-12 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | Method for producing carbonized lignin fiber |
| CN104947244A (zh) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-09-30 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种原位萃取与制备木质素复合纳米纤维的方法 |
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2017
- 2017-10-30 FR FR1760248A patent/FR3072976B1/fr active Active
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2018
- 2018-10-29 EP EP18795551.3A patent/EP3704289B1/fr active Active
- 2018-10-29 WO PCT/EP2018/079571 patent/WO2019086377A2/fr not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2019086377A2 (fr) | 2019-05-09 |
| FR3072976A1 (fr) | 2019-05-03 |
| WO2019086377A3 (fr) | 2019-06-27 |
| EP3704289B1 (fr) | 2024-01-03 |
| FR3072976B1 (fr) | 2020-09-11 |
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