EP3693663B1 - Pellet furnace - Google Patents

Pellet furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3693663B1
EP3693663B1 EP19156470.7A EP19156470A EP3693663B1 EP 3693663 B1 EP3693663 B1 EP 3693663B1 EP 19156470 A EP19156470 A EP 19156470A EP 3693663 B1 EP3693663 B1 EP 3693663B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
primary air
combustion chamber
pellet
drum
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Application number
EP19156470.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3693663A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Neudeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Haas und Sohn Ofentechnik GmbH
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Haas und Sohn Ofentechnik GmbH
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Application filed by Haas und Sohn Ofentechnik GmbH filed Critical Haas und Sohn Ofentechnik GmbH
Priority to PL19156470T priority Critical patent/PL3693663T3/en
Priority to DK19156470.7T priority patent/DK3693663T3/en
Priority to EP19156470.7A priority patent/EP3693663B1/en
Publication of EP3693663A1 publication Critical patent/EP3693663A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/24—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using rotating grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface
    • F23B40/08—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface into pot- or trough-shaped grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H9/00—Revolving-grates; Rocking or shaking grates
    • F23H9/02—Revolving cylindrical grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pellet burner with adjustable primary air according to the preamble of claim 1 and the EP 2 629 012 A .
  • This document discloses a pellet burner in which the combustion chamber is closed at its lower end by a rotatable, perforated tube which leaves only a narrow gap to the lower edge of the combustion chamber. Combustion air is supplied through the pipe and its perforations, and ashes are removed by turning the pipe. Since incoming air flows out of the pipe in all directions, a powerful fan is required. How the air polluted by ash is treated is not clear. The amount of primary air is only adjusted using the fan.
  • the tube is polygonal with indentations which are only short (disk-like) over the axial extent, followed by twisted, but otherwise identical disks. This creates a zigzag outline of the pipe.
  • the projections enter recesses on the edge of the combustion chamber, which improves the discharge.
  • the problem of superfluous air polluted with ash is not dealt with. None is said about the regulation of the amount of primary air.
  • the US 2007/0215021 A discloses, in one variant, a tube to which radially protruding rods are welded in a comb-like manner, which enter recesses on the edge of the combustion chamber when rotating, in another variant a polygonal tube, which by means of perforated sheets that protrude radially outward in the direction of the generators , is separated into several compartments, the combustion chamber having movable wings that avoid the rotating metal sheets, a complex and failure-prone construction. The amount of primary air is only adjusted using the fan. Changes when moving the wings cannot be influenced.
  • Pellet burners of this type are used to adjust the primary air, which is supplied to the fuel from below as far as possible, to achieve different operating states such as burning, high performance, holding embers, etc. to enable.
  • Another activity to be carried out with every furnace is to remove the ashes from the lowest area of the combustion chamber.
  • a rectangular, preferably long rectangular opening is provided in the lowest area of the combustion chamber, optionally in its bottom, and there is a rotatable about its horizontal axis circular cylindrical burner base (drum, roller) with this axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the opening provided so that its generating distance from the edges of the opening (gap) and that this distance is dimensioned in such a way that it enables ash to be discharged when the burner base is rotated, embers to be pushed aside and primary air to enter through this distance.
  • the drum is rotated, ash is always discharged, primary air can enter through the gap on the discharge side as in the prior art, on the other side it is much better that the air movement and the material movement there are in the same direction.
  • the primary air can also be regulated, in that the drum has at least two areas with different radii around the circumference.
  • the primary air can enter the combustion chamber at an ideal location through the gap on the "correct" side better than in the prior art.
  • the Figs. 1-3 show the supply air housing 1 of a pellet burner 6 according to the invention with a rotating burner base 3.
  • the movable burner base 3 is the jacket of a Circular cylinder (roller, drum 8) with a horizontal axis, around which it rotates in the direction of the arrow R '(or in the opposite direction R, whereby usually no change of direction is made).
  • the rotary drive is not shown, ash is discharged, primary air flows into the burner housing through the two gaps 7 between the burner base and the lower edge of the burner housing 2 and the gaps along the drum shell.
  • roller or drum 8 is shown schematically in solid form, but only to make the closure of the lower edge of the burner housing clear, in practice a hollow cylinder is used as the drum 8 for reasons of weight.
  • the wall thickness advantageously corresponds to the wall thickness of the burner housing 2.
  • drum or roller or generally cylinder is only used to clarify the possible different proportions, but otherwise synonymously, a roller is to be seen as elongated, a drum as compressed, the effect is always the same.
  • the burner housing 2 there are holes for the secondary air, through which the secondary air 5 enters the burner housing.
  • the burner housing 2 is firmly connected to the supply air housing 1, for example screwed or welded. This assembly, like the rotary drive (not shown), is arranged in a suitable manner in the pellet burner 6.
  • the movable burner base 3 is designed as a "profile roller" 8, that is to say that it has a different radius in different circumferential sections; in the illustrated embodiment, two sections each over half the circumference ( ⁇ ). As can be seen from the relative lengths of the individual components, it could also be divided into three.
  • the opening in the burner base can, as shown, simply be formed by the lower ends of the side walls of the burner housing, which is simple and inexpensive. It is of course possible to provide the burner housing 2 with a conventional base and this with a suitable opening, this remaining base being inclined accordingly in order to guide the ash to the opening and thus to the movable burner base 3.
  • the lower edges of the side walls can be contoured in both cases, that is, they can be wavy or zigzag and / or bent out of plane in order to positively influence the ash discharge and the air inlet.
  • the width or height of the gaps 7 can easily be determined by a person skilled in the art with knowledge of the invention and the burner; it is preferably between approximately 0.4 mm and approximately 6 mm. If the gap is too small, the ash will not be properly discharged and the air supply is insufficient. If the gap is too large, pellets that have not yet been completely burned could fall into the ash container below. The two limits can be determined precisely with a few experiments.
  • Configurations of the drum with regard to its shape are possible: it could be designed to be conical, which enables the gap width to be changed easily and, if necessary, continuously by means of axial displacement.
  • the drum could also have a spherical or ellipsoidal shape (barrel or barrel shape), especially if the pellet stove has a very low heating output (e.g. up to 4 KW) and is therefore small.
  • the shape of the recess in the combustion chamber 2 must be adapted accordingly.
  • the roller 8 is designed as a hollow roller, similar to a tube, and has radial holes or bores 10 on the jacket, through which additional primary air, indicated by the arrows, flows.
  • additional primary air indicated by the arrows
  • the roller 8 is designed as a hollow roller, similar to a tube, and has radial holes or bores 10 on the jacket, through which additional primary air, indicated by the arrows, flows.
  • additional primary air indicated by the arrows
  • the Figs. 13-15 show an embodiment, the variant corresponding to the Figs. 10-12 , which can also be applied to the other variants of the invention:
  • warts 11 On the surface of the drum 8, projections, so-called warts 11, are formed, through which, when the drum 8 is moved, a mixing process occurs in the embers resting on the movable base 3.
  • recesses are to be provided for these lugs on the lower edge of the burner housing 2 or not.
  • the shape and design of the warts can be freely selected within wide limits, so in the case of drums with holes or bores 10, when producing the same, the material can be bent open in such a way that the warts are made of this material. It is clear that such warts can also be provided on drums without bores 10 and even on full drums. Combinations with depressions in the drum surface are possible, even if such depressions tend to be filled with material.
  • the axial length of the movable burner base 3 is at least as long as the length of the opening in the combustion chamber in this direction, in order to also achieve a suitable closure at these edges.
  • An overhang of a few millimeters to a few centimeters is the simplest and most reliable type of closure.
  • the drum or roller 8 can also have elevations (protrusions) through which the mixing of the embers is promoted during the rotary movement.
  • elevations protrusions
  • the amount of these warts will only be limited by the gap height, unless a corresponding contouring of the edge is made for their passage, they can be arranged in rows or groups.
  • the movable burner base 3 can thus consist, at least in sections, of a largely freely determinable body of rotation, its axis of rotation runs essentially horizontally, but can also run obliquely, especially with a conical burner base, whereby up to 20 ° to the horizontal are possible.
  • a shape will usually be selected in practice which comes close to the embodiments shown in the figures.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Pelletbrenner mit verstellbarer Primärluft entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 und der EP 2 629 012 A .The invention relates to a pellet burner with adjustable primary air according to the preamble of claim 1 and the EP 2 629 012 A .

Diese Druckschrift offenbart einen Pelletbrenner, bei dem die Brennkammer an ihrem unteren Ende durch ein drehbares, perforiertes Rohr verschlossen wird, das zum unteren Rand der Brennkammer nur einen schmalen Spalt frei lässt. Durch das Rohr und dessen Perforationen wird Verbrennungsluft zugeführt, durch das Drehen des Rohres wird Asche ausgetragen. Da zugeführte Luft nach allen Richtungen aus dem Rohr strömt, wird ein starkes Gebläse benötigt, wie die durch Asche verschmutzte Luft behandelt wird, ist nicht klar. Die Menge der Primärluft wird nur über das Gebläse verstellt.This document discloses a pellet burner in which the combustion chamber is closed at its lower end by a rotatable, perforated tube which leaves only a narrow gap to the lower edge of the combustion chamber. Combustion air is supplied through the pipe and its perforations, and ashes are removed by turning the pipe. Since incoming air flows out of the pipe in all directions, a powerful fan is required. How the air polluted by ash is treated is not clear. The amount of primary air is only adjusted using the fan.

Aus der EP 2 944 874 A ist bei einem ähnlichen Pelletbrenner das Rohr polygonal mit Einbuchtungen ausgebildet, die über die axiale Erstreckung nur kurz (scheibenartig) ausgebildet sind, gefolgt von verdrehten, sonst aber gleichen Scheiben. Dadurch entsteht ein Zick-zack-förmiger Umriss des Rohres. Die Vorsprünge treten beim Rotieren in Ausnehmungen am Rand der Brennkammer, was den Austrag verbessert. Die Problematik der mit Asche verschmutzten, überflüssigen Luft wird nicht behandelt. Über die Regelung der Menge an Primärluft wird nichts ausgesagt.From the EP 2 944 874 A In a similar pellet burner, the tube is polygonal with indentations which are only short (disk-like) over the axial extent, followed by twisted, but otherwise identical disks. This creates a zigzag outline of the pipe. When rotating, the projections enter recesses on the edge of the combustion chamber, which improves the discharge. The problem of superfluous air polluted with ash is not dealt with. Nothing is said about the regulation of the amount of primary air.

Die US 2007/0215021 A offenbart in einer Variante ein Rohr, an dem radial abstehende Stäbe kammartig angeschweißt sind, die beim Rotieren in Ausnehmungen am Rand der Brennkammer eintreten, in einer anderen Variante ein polygonal ausgebildetes Rohr, das mittels gelochter Bleche, die in Richtung der Erzeugenden radial nach außen abstehen, in mehrere Abteile getrennt ist, wobei die Brennkammer bewegliche Flügel aufweist, die den rotierenden Blechen ausweichen, eine aufwändige und störanfällige Konstruktion. Die Menge der Primärluft wird nur über das Gebläse verstellt. Änderungen beim Bewegen der Flügel sind nicht beeinflussbar.the US 2007/0215021 A discloses, in one variant, a tube to which radially protruding rods are welded in a comb-like manner, which enter recesses on the edge of the combustion chamber when rotating, in another variant a polygonal tube, which by means of perforated sheets that protrude radially outward in the direction of the generators , is separated into several compartments, the combustion chamber having movable wings that avoid the rotating metal sheets, a complex and failure-prone construction. The amount of primary air is only adjusted using the fan. Changes when moving the wings cannot be influenced.

Derartige Pelletbrenner werden verwendet, um durch die Verstellung der Primärluft, die dem Brennstoff möglichst von unten zugeführt wird, unterschiedliche Betriebszustände wie Anbrennen, Hochleistung, Glut halten, etc. zu ermöglichen. In zahlreichen Ausgestaltungen ist es auch vorgesehen, Sekundärluft und sogar weitere Luftströme geregelt anzuwenden, wobei Regelungen der einzelnen Ströme verwendet werden, die äußerst komplex sein können.Pellet burners of this type are used to adjust the primary air, which is supplied to the fuel from below as far as possible, to achieve different operating states such as burning, high performance, holding embers, etc. to enable. In numerous refinements, provision is also made for secondary air and even further air flows to be used in a regulated manner, regulation of the individual flows being used, which can be extremely complex.

Eine andere, bei jedem Ofen vorzunehmende Tätigkeit, ist das Austragen der Asche aus dem untersten Bereich des Brennraumes. Dafür gibt es verschiedene Lösungen, von der klassischen Aschenlade für händische Entnahme bis zur Austragschnecke in einer passenden Rinne.Another activity to be carried out with every furnace is to remove the ashes from the lowest area of the combustion chamber. There are various solutions for this, from the classic ash drawer for manual removal to a discharge screw in a suitable channel.

Das bringt es mit sich, dass Primärluft und Ascheaustrag konkurrierend den Platz an der tiefsten Stelle beanspruchen und dabei noch diametral entgegengesetzte Bewegungsrichtung haben, was inhärent zu Beeinträchtigungen führt.This means that primary air and ash discharge compete for space at the lowest point and still have diametrically opposite directions of movement, which inherently leads to impairments.

Es besteht somit ein Bedarf an einer Vorrichtung bzw. Konstruktion, die diese Konflikte zumindest deutlich verringert, im Idealfall löst, und es ist Ziel und Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen die dies ohne merkliche Mehrkosten und unter großer Zuverlässigkeit ermöglicht.There is thus a need for a device or construction which at least significantly reduces these conflicts, ideally solving them, and it is the aim and object of the invention to create a device which makes this possible without noticeable additional costs and with great reliability.

Erfindungsgemäß werden diese Ziele durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmale erreicht, mit anderen Worten, es wird im untersten Bereich des Brennraumes, gegebenenfalls in seinem Boden, eine rechteckige, bevorzugt langrechteckige Öffnung vorgesehen, und es wird ein um seine horizontale Achse drehbarer kreiszylindrischer Brennerboden (Trommel, Walze) mit dieser Achse parallel zur Längsrichtung der Öffnung so vorgesehen, dass seine Erzeugenden Abstand von den Kanten der Öffnung haben (Spalt) und dass dieser Abstand so bemessen ist, dass er es ermöglicht, beim Drehen des Brennerbodens Asche auszutragen, Glut beiseite zu schieben und den Zutritt von Primärluft durch diesen Abstand zu ermöglichen. Beim Drehen der Trommel wird somit immer Asche ausgetragen, durch den Spalt kann auf der Austragseite Primärluft wie im Stand der Technik zutreten, auf der anderen Seite wesentlich besser, das dort die Luftbewegung und die Gutbewegung gleichsinnig erfolgt.According to the invention, these goals are achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1, in other words, a rectangular, preferably long rectangular opening is provided in the lowest area of the combustion chamber, optionally in its bottom, and there is a rotatable about its horizontal axis circular cylindrical burner base (drum, roller) with this axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the opening provided so that its generating distance from the edges of the opening (gap) and that this distance is dimensioned in such a way that it enables ash to be discharged when the burner base is rotated, embers to be pushed aside and primary air to enter through this distance. When the drum is rotated, ash is always discharged, primary air can enter through the gap on the discharge side as in the prior art, on the other side it is much better that the air movement and the material movement there are in the same direction.

In einer Ausgestaltung dieser Konzeption ist vorgesehen, dass auch die Primärluft geregelt werden kann, indem die Trommel über den Umfang zumindest zwei Bereiche mit unterschiedlichem Radius aufweist. Dadurch kann man durch entsprechende Justierung in Umfangsrichtung (Winkellage) und einem Übergang des Rotierens auf eine Hin-Her-Bewegung mehrere Spaltbreiten und damit unterschiedliche Primärluftzufuhren erreichen. Auch bei dieser Ausgestaltung kann die Primärluft durch den Spalt auf der "richtigen" Seite besser als im Stand der Technik in den Brennraum an idealer Stelle eintreten.In one embodiment of this concept, it is provided that the primary air can also be regulated, in that the drum has at least two areas with different radii around the circumference. As a result, through appropriate adjustment in the circumferential direction (angular position) and a transition from rotating to a back and forth movement, several gap widths and thus different primary air supplies can be achieved. In this embodiment, too, the primary air can enter the combustion chamber at an ideal location through the gap on the "correct" side better than in the prior art.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt bzw. zeigen, rein schematisch:

  • die Figs. 1-3 einen erfindungsgemäßen Pelletbrenner mit kreiszylindrischer Trommel in aufgerissener, perspektivischer Darstellung, im schematischen, perspektivischen Schnitt und das Detail im Bereich des Spaltes,
  • die Figs. 4-6 einen Pelletbrenner mit regelbarer Primärluft in Darstellungen entsprechend denen der Figs. 1-3 in einem ersten Betriebsmodus,
  • die Figs. 7-9 einen Pelletbrenner mit regelbarer Primärluft in Darstellungen entsprechend denen der Figs. 1-3 in einem zweiten Betriebsmodus,
  • die Figs. 10-12 eine Variante mit perforierter Trommel in Darstellungen entsprechend denen der Figs. 1-3 und
  • die Figs. 13-15 eine Ausgestaltung der Variante der Figs. 10-12.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. It shows or shows, purely schematically:
  • the Figs. 1-3 a pellet burner according to the invention with a circular cylindrical drum in a torn, perspective illustration, in a schematic, perspective section and the detail in the area of the gap,
  • the Figs. 4-6 a pellet burner with controllable primary air in representations corresponding to those of the Figs. 1-3 in a first operating mode,
  • the Figs. 7-9 a pellet burner with controllable primary air in representations corresponding to those of the Figs. 1-3 in a second operating mode,
  • the Figs. 10-12 a variant with a perforated drum in representations corresponding to those of Figs. 1-3 and
  • the Figs. 13-15 an embodiment of the variant of the Figs. 10-12 .

Die Figs. 1-3 zeigen das Zuluftgehäuse 1 eines erfindungsgemäßen Pellet-Brenners 6 mit rotierendem Brennerboden 3. Der bewegliche Brennerboden 3 ist der Mantel eines Kreiszylinders (Walze, Trommel 8) mit horizontaler Achse, um die er in Richtung des Pfeiles R' (oder in der Gegenrichtung R, wobei üblicherweise kein Richtungswechsel vorgenommen wird) rotiert. Durch diese Bewegung, der Drehantrieb ist nicht dargestellt, wird Asche ausgetragen, durch die beiden Spalte 7 zwischen dem Brennerboden und dem unteren Rand des Brennergehäuses 2 und die Spalte entlang des Trommelmantels strömt Primärluft in das Brennergehäuse.the Figs. 1-3 show the supply air housing 1 of a pellet burner 6 according to the invention with a rotating burner base 3. The movable burner base 3 is the jacket of a Circular cylinder (roller, drum 8) with a horizontal axis, around which it rotates in the direction of the arrow R '(or in the opposite direction R, whereby usually no change of direction is made). As a result of this movement, the rotary drive is not shown, ash is discharged, primary air flows into the burner housing through the two gaps 7 between the burner base and the lower edge of the burner housing 2 and the gaps along the drum shell.

In der Darstellung der Figs. 1-9 ist die Walze bzw. Trommel 8 schematisch massiv dargestellt, dies aber nur, um den Abschluss des unteren Randes des Brennergehäuses deutlich zu machen, in der Praxis wird schon aus Gewichtsgründen ein Hohlzylinder als Trommel 8 verwendet werden. Die Wandstärke entspricht dabei vorteilhafterweise größenordnungsmäßig der Wandstärke des Brennergehäuses 2. Der Begriff Trommel oder Walze oder allgemein Zylinder wird nur zur Verdeutlichung der möglichen unterschiedlichen Proportionen, sonst aber synonym, verwendet, eine Walze ist dabei als länglich, eine Trommel als gestaucht anzusehen, die Wirkung ist stets die Gleiche. Im Brennergehäuse 2 befinden sich Löcher für die Sekundärluft, durch die die Sekundärluft 5 in das Brennergehäuse eintritt. Das Brennergehäuse 2 ist mit dem Zuluftgehäuse 1 fest verbunden, beispielsweise verschraubt oder verschweißt. Diese Baugruppe ist, ebenso wie der nicht dargestellte Drehantrieb, passend im Pellet-Brenner 6 angeordnet.In the representation of the Figs. 1-9 the roller or drum 8 is shown schematically in solid form, but only to make the closure of the lower edge of the burner housing clear, in practice a hollow cylinder is used as the drum 8 for reasons of weight. The wall thickness advantageously corresponds to the wall thickness of the burner housing 2. The term drum or roller or generally cylinder is only used to clarify the possible different proportions, but otherwise synonymously, a roller is to be seen as elongated, a drum as compressed, the effect is always the same. In the burner housing 2 there are holes for the secondary air, through which the secondary air 5 enters the burner housing. The burner housing 2 is firmly connected to the supply air housing 1, for example screwed or welded. This assembly, like the rotary drive (not shown), is arranged in a suitable manner in the pellet burner 6.

In den Figs. 4-9 ist gemäß der Erfindung der bewegliche Brennerboden 3 als "Profilwalze" 8 ausgeführt, das heißt, dass er in verschiedenen Umfangsabschnitten unterschiedlichen Radius aufweist; im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zwei Abschnitte über jeweils den halben Umfang (π). Wie aus den relativen Längen der einzelnen Bauteile hervorgeht, könnte auch eine Dreiteilung vorgenommen werden.In the Figs. 4-9 According to the invention, the movable burner base 3 is designed as a "profile roller" 8, that is to say that it has a different radius in different circumferential sections; in the illustrated embodiment, two sections each over half the circumference (π). As can be seen from the relative lengths of the individual components, it could also be divided into three.

Bedeutsam ist, dass die Rotation der Walze 8 in eine hin-her-gehende Bewegung geändert wird, um stets alle Bereiche der beiden Spalte 7 in ein und demselben Oberflächenbereich zu halten. Beim Umschalten wird die Trommel passend verdreht, dann erfolgt wieder die hin-her-gehende Bewegung, initiiert durch einen (nicht dargestellten) Drehantrieb.It is important that the rotation of the roller 8 is changed to a reciprocating movement in order to always keep all areas of the two gaps 7 in one and the same surface area. When switching over, the drum is rotated appropriately, then the reciprocating movement takes place again, initiated by a rotary drive (not shown).

In der Position entsprechend den Figs. 4-6 ist der Bereich des Umfangs mit großem Radius zum Brennergehäuse 2 gewandt, die Spalte 7 sind schmal, die Menge an zugeführter Primärluft 4 ist klein.In the position corresponding to the Figs. 4-6 If the area of the circumference with a large radius is facing the burner housing 2, the gaps 7 are narrow, the amount of primary air 4 supplied is small.

In der Position entsprechend den Figs. 7-9 ist der Bereich des Umfangs mit kleinem Radius zum Brennergehäuse 2 gewandt, die Spalte 7 sind breit, die Menge an zugeführter Primärluft 4 ist groß.In the position corresponding to the Figs. 7-9 If the area of the circumference with a small radius is facing the burner housing 2, the gaps 7 are wide, the amount of primary air 4 supplied is large.

Betreffend diese beiden Begriffe: Groß-Klein ist zu sagen, dass sie nur aufeinander Bezug nehmen.Concerning these two terms: big-small is to say that they only refer to each other.

Da die Steuerung der hin-her-Bewegung keine aufwendige Angelegenheit ist, stellt sie kein Hindernis für eine entsprechende Adaption bei der Herstellung oder dem Betrieb dar, auch die damit verbundenen Kosten sind gering.Since the control of the back-and-forth movement is not a complex matter, it does not represent an obstacle to a corresponding adaptation during manufacture or operation, and the costs associated therewith are also low.

Vorteile des beweglichen, insbesondere des gestuften Brennerbodens:

  • Die Asche wird permanent aus dem Brenner gefördert, ohne dass der Ofen für den Reinigungsvorgang abgestellt werden muss.
  • Durch die ständige Bewegung der Walze wird eine Verklumpung bzw. eine Versinterung der Aschenrückstände im Brenner stark reduziert.
  • Durch die ständige Bewegung der Walze kann das Glutbett im Brenner immer auf einem "gleichbleibenden Niveau" gehalten werden. Dies kann sich besonders positiv auf die Eimissionen des Abgases, auf die Feinstaubkonzentration im Abgas und den Wirkungsgrad und des Ofens auswirken.
  • Durch ein gleichbleibendes Glutbett können im Glutbett stabile Temperaturbedingungen geschaffen werden.
  • Wenn die Walze als Profilwalze ausgeführt ist, kann durch die unterschiedlichen Durchmesserbereiche der Spalt zwischen dem Brennergehäuse und dem beweglichen Brennerboden verändert werden. Durch die Veränderung des Spaltes kann die Primärluftmenge und die Geschwindigkeit der Primärluft verändert werden, das sich vor allem in Tellastbetrieb des Pelletofens sehr positiv auf die Emissionen auswirkt.
  • Die Profilwalze hat nicht nur eine Reinigungsfunktion sondern auch eine Funktion für die Primärluftregelung, d.h. das Verhältnis zwischen der Sekundärluft (Löcher im Brennergehäuse) und der Primärluft kann je nach Betriebszustand des Ofens, automatisch während des Betriebes verändert werden.
Advantages of the movable, especially the stepped burner base:
  • The ash is continuously conveyed out of the burner without the furnace having to be switched off for the cleaning process.
  • The constant movement of the roller greatly reduces clumping or sintering of the ash residues in the burner.
  • Due to the constant movement of the roller, the bed of embers in the burner can always be kept at a "constant level". This can have a particularly positive effect on the emissions of the exhaust gas, the fine dust concentration in the exhaust gas and the efficiency and the furnace.
  • A constant ember bed can create stable temperature conditions in the ember bed.
  • If the roller is designed as a profile roller, the gap between the burner housing and the movable burner base can be changed through the different diameter ranges. By changing the gap, the Primary air volume and the speed of the primary air can be changed, which has a very positive effect on emissions, especially when the pellet stove is operated in full-load operation.
  • The profile roller not only has a cleaning function but also a function for primary air control, ie the ratio between the secondary air (holes in the burner housing) and the primary air can be changed automatically during operation depending on the operating status of the furnace.

Die Öffnung im Brennerboden kann, wie abgebildet, einfach durch die unteren Enden der Seitenwände des Brennergehäuses gebildet werden, was einfach und kostengünstig ist. Es ist selbstverständlich möglich, das Brennergehäuse 2 mit einem üblichen Boden und diesen mit einer passender Öffnung zu versehen, wobei dieser Restboden entsprechend geneigt ist, um die Asche zur Öffnung und damit zum beweglichen Brennerboden 3 zu führen. Die unteren Ränder der Seitenwände können in beiden Fällen konturiert sein, das heißt, sie können gewellt oder im Zick-Zack verlaufen, und/oder aus der Ebene gebogen sein, um den Ascheaustrag und den Lufteintritt positiv zu beeinflussen.The opening in the burner base can, as shown, simply be formed by the lower ends of the side walls of the burner housing, which is simple and inexpensive. It is of course possible to provide the burner housing 2 with a conventional base and this with a suitable opening, this remaining base being inclined accordingly in order to guide the ash to the opening and thus to the movable burner base 3. The lower edges of the side walls can be contoured in both cases, that is, they can be wavy or zigzag and / or bent out of plane in order to positively influence the ash discharge and the air inlet.

Die Breite bzw. Höhe der Spalten 7 kann vom Fachmann in Kenntnis der Erfindung und des Brenners leicht bestimmt werden, sie liegt bevorzugt zwischen ca. 0,4 mm und ca. 6 mm bewegen. Ist der Spalt zu klein wird die Asche nicht richtig ausgetragen und die Luftzufuhr ist nicht ausreichend, ist des Spalt zu groß, dann könnten noch nicht restlos verbrannte Pellets in den darunterliegenden Aschebehälter fallen. Die beiden Grenzen können mit wenigen Versuchen genau ermittelt werden.The width or height of the gaps 7 can easily be determined by a person skilled in the art with knowledge of the invention and the burner; it is preferably between approximately 0.4 mm and approximately 6 mm. If the gap is too small, the ash will not be properly discharged and the air supply is insufficient.If the gap is too large, pellets that have not yet been completely burned could fall into the ash container below. The two limits can be determined precisely with a few experiments.

Ausgestaltungen der Trommel im Hinblick auf ihre Form sind möglich: Sie könnte kegelig ausgeführt sein, was durch axiale Verschiebung eine einfache und gegebenenfalls stufenlose Veränderung der Spaltbreite ermöglicht. Die Trommel könnte auch kugelige oder ellipsoide Form (Tonnen- oder Fassform) haben, besonders dann, wenn der Pelletofen eine sehr kleine Heizleistung (z.B. bis 4 KW ) hat und dadurch klein ist. Die Form der Ausnehmung im Brennraum 2 ist entsprechend anzupassen.Configurations of the drum with regard to its shape are possible: it could be designed to be conical, which enables the gap width to be changed easily and, if necessary, continuously by means of axial displacement. The drum could also have a spherical or ellipsoidal shape (barrel or barrel shape), especially if the pellet stove has a very low heating output (e.g. up to 4 KW) and is therefore small. The shape of the recess in the combustion chamber 2 must be adapted accordingly.

In einer Ausgestaltung, die in den Figs.10-12 dargestellt ist, ist die Walze 8 als Hohlwalze, ähnlich einem Rohr, ausgeführt und weist radiale Löcher bzw. Bohrungen 10 am Mantel aufweisen, durch die zusätzliche Primärluft, angedeutet durch die Pfeile, strömt. Hier gibt es die (nicht dargestellte) Möglichkeit, durch eine zweite, innere Hohlwalze mit passend angeordneten Bohrungen, durch eine Relatiwerdrehung zwischen den beiden Walzen die Menge dieser zusätzlichen Primärluft auf einfache Weise zu regeln. Es wird im Text von Bohrungen gesprochen, die Art der Herstellung der Öffnungen ist aber völlig egal.In one embodiment that is included in the Figs. 10-12 is shown, the roller 8 is designed as a hollow roller, similar to a tube, and has radial holes or bores 10 on the jacket, through which additional primary air, indicated by the arrows, flows. Here there is the possibility (not shown) of regulating the amount of this additional primary air in a simple manner by means of a second, inner hollow roller with appropriately arranged bores, by a relative rotation between the two rollers. The text speaks of bores, but the method of making the openings is completely irrelevant.

Die Figs. 13-15 zeigen eine Ausgestaltung, der Variante entsprechend den Figs. 10-12, die aber auch auf die anderen Varianten der Erfindung angewandt werden kann: Auf der Oberfläche der Trommel 8 sind Vorsprünge ausgebildet, sogenannte Warzen 11, durch die es bei der Bewegung der Trommel 8 zu einem Mischvorgang in der am beweglichen Boden 3 aufliegenden Glut kommt. Je nach der gewählten Höhe der Warzen 11 über der sonstigen Trommeloberfläche sind für diese Warzen Ausnehmungen am unteren Rand des Brennergehäuses 2 vorzusehen oder nicht.the Figs. 13-15 show an embodiment, the variant corresponding to the Figs. 10-12 , which can also be applied to the other variants of the invention: On the surface of the drum 8, projections, so-called warts 11, are formed, through which, when the drum 8 is moved, a mixing process occurs in the embers resting on the movable base 3. Depending on the selected height of the lugs 11 above the rest of the drum surface, recesses are to be provided for these lugs on the lower edge of the burner housing 2 or not.

Die Form und Ausbildung der Warzen kann in weiten Grenzen frei gewählt werden, so kann bei Trommeln mit Löchern bzw. Bohrungen 10 beim Herstellen derselben das Material so aufgebogen werden, dass die Warzen aus diesem Material bestehen. Es ist klar, dass derartige Warzen auch an Trommeln ohne Bohrungen 10 und selbst an Volltrommeln vorgesehen werden können. Kombinationen mit Vertiefungen in der Trommeloberfläche sind möglich, wenn auch derartige Vertiefungen zum Verfüllen mit Material neigen.The shape and design of the warts can be freely selected within wide limits, so in the case of drums with holes or bores 10, when producing the same, the material can be bent open in such a way that the warts are made of this material. It is clear that such warts can also be provided on drums without bores 10 and even on full drums. Combinations with depressions in the drum surface are possible, even if such depressions tend to be filled with material.

Die axiale Länge des beweglichen Brennerbodens 3 ist zumindest gleich lang wie die Länge der Öffnung im Brennraum in dieser Richtung, um auch an diesen Kanten einen passenden Abschluss zu erreichen. Ein Überstand von einigen Millimetern bis zu wenigen Zentimetern stellt die einfachste und zuverlässigste Art eines Abschlusses dar.The axial length of the movable burner base 3 is at least as long as the length of the opening in the combustion chamber in this direction, in order to also achieve a suitable closure at these edges. An overhang of a few millimeters to a few centimeters is the simplest and most reliable type of closure.

Es kann die Trommel oder Walze 8 unabhängig von eventuellen Stufen im Radius oder Bohrungen 10 auch über Erhebungen (Warzen) verfügen, durch die bei der Drehbewegung die Durchmischung der Glut gefördert wird. Die Höhe dieser Warzen wird nur durch die Spalthöhe begrenzt, soferne nicht eine entsprechende Konturierung des Randes für deren Durchtritt vorgenommen wird, sie können in Reihen oder Gruppen angeordnet sein.Irrespective of any steps in the radius or bores 10, the drum or roller 8 can also have elevations (protrusions) through which the mixing of the embers is promoted during the rotary movement. The amount of these warts will only be limited by the gap height, unless a corresponding contouring of the edge is made for their passage, they can be arranged in rows or groups.

Es werden die Begriffe: "Höhe" des Spaltes 7 und: "Breite" des Spaltes 7 synonym verwendet.The terms: "height" of the gap 7 and: "width" of the gap 7 are used synonymously.

Es kann somit der bewegliche Brennerboden 3 zumindest abschnittweise aus einem weitgehend frei bestimmbaren Rotationskörper bestehen, seine Rotationsachse verläuft im Wesentlichen horizontal, kann aber, speziell bei konischem Brennerboden, auch schräg verlaufen, wobei bis zu 20° gegen die Horizontale möglich sind. Aus Kostengründen und wegen der einfacheren Herstellung wird in der Praxis zumeist eine Form gewählt werden, die den in den Figuren gezeigten Ausführungsformen nahe kommt.The movable burner base 3 can thus consist, at least in sections, of a largely freely determinable body of rotation, its axis of rotation runs essentially horizontally, but can also run obliquely, especially with a conical burner base, whereby up to 20 ° to the horizontal are possible. For reasons of cost and because of the simpler production, a shape will usually be selected in practice which comes close to the embodiments shown in the figures.

Der Antrieb und die Steuerung ist für den Fachmann in Kenntnis der Erfindung kein Problem, ebenso die zu verwendenden Materialien und Lager, etc..The drive and the control are no problem for a person skilled in the art with knowledge of the invention, as are the materials and bearings to be used, etc.

In der Beschreibung und den Ansprüchen werden die Begriffe "vorne", "hinten", "oben", "unten" und so weiter in der landläufigen Form und unter Bezugnahme auf den Gegenstand in seiner üblichen Gebrauchslage, gebraucht. Das heißt, dass der Brennerboden 3 im Brennraum 2 "unten" ist und die Rauchgase im Brennraum 2 "nach oben" strömen. Quer zu einer Richtung meint im Wesentlichen eine um 90° dazu gedrehte Richtung.In the description and the claims, the terms "front", "rear", "top", "bottom" and so on are used in their usual form and with reference to the object in its usual position of use. This means that the burner base 3 is “down” in the combustion chamber 2 and the flue gases flow “upwards” in the combustion chamber 2. Transverse to a direction essentially means a direction rotated by 90 ° in relation to it.

Es soll noch darauf hingewiesen werden, dass in der Beschreibung und den Ansprüchen Angaben wie "unterer Bereich" eines Brennraums, Reaktors, Filters, Bauwerks, oder einer Vorrichtung oder, ganz allgemein, eines Gegenstandes, die untere Hälfte und insbesondere das untere Viertel der Gesamthöhe bedeutet, "unterster Bereich" das unterste Viertel und insbesondere einen noch kleineren Teil; während "mittlerer Bereich" das mittlere Drittel der Gesamthöhe (Breite - Länge) meint. All diese Angaben haben ihre landläufige Bedeutung, angewandt auf die bestimmungsgemäße Position des betrachteten Gegenstandes.It should also be pointed out that in the description and the claims information such as "lower area" of a combustion chamber, reactor, filter, structure, or a device or, in general, an object, the lower half and in particular the lower quarter of the total height means "lowest area" the lowest quarter and in particular an even smaller part; while "middle area" means the middle third of the total height (width - length). All of this information has its common meaning, applied to the intended position of the object in question.

In der Beschreibung und den Ansprüchen bedeutet "im Wesentlichen", wenn keine andere Eingrenzung erwähnt ist, eine Abweichung von bis zu 10 % des angegebenen Wertes, wenn es physikalisch möglich ist, sowohl nach unten als auch nach oben, ansonsten nur in die sinnvolle Richtung, bei Gradangaben (Winkel und Temperatur) sind damit ±10° gemeint.In the description and the claims, "essentially" means, if no other limitation is mentioned, a deviation of up to 10% of the specified value, if it is physically possible, both downwards and upwards, otherwise only in the meaningful direction , when specifying degrees (angle and temperature), this means ± 10 °.

Alle Mengenangaben und Anteilsangaben, insbesondere solche zur Abgrenzung der Erfindung, soweit sie nicht die konkreten Beispiele betreffen, sind mit ± 10 % Toleranz zu verstehen, somit beispielsweise: 11% bedeutet: von 9,9% bis 12,1 %. Bei Bezeichnungen wie bei: "ein Lösungsmittel" ist das Wort "ein" nicht als Zahlwort, sondern als unbestimmter Artikel oder als Fürwort anzusehen, wenn nicht aus dem Zusammenhang etwas anderes hervorgeht.All quantities and proportions, in particular those to delimit the invention, unless they relate to the specific examples, are to be understood with a tolerance of ± 10%, thus for example: 11% means: from 9.9% to 12.1%. In terms such as: "a solvent", the word "a" is not to be seen as a numerical word, but as an indefinite article or as a pronoun, if nothing else emerges from the context.

Der Begriff: "Kombination" bzw. "Kombinationen" steht, soferne nichts anderes angegeben, für alle Arten von Kombinationen, ausgehend von zwei der betreffenden Bestandteile bis zu einer Vielzahl oder aller derartiger Bestandteile, der Begriff: "enthaltend" steht auch für "bestehend aus".Unless otherwise stated, the term: “combination” or “combinations” stands for all types of combinations, starting from two of the constituents in question up to a large number or all of such constituents, the term: “containing” also stands for “consisting the end".

Die in den einzelnen Ausgestaltungen und Beispielen angegebenen Merkmale (Bohrungen, Warzen, radiale Abstufungen, konische-zylindrische Mantelform, etc.) und Varianten können mit denen der anderen Beispiele und Ausgestaltungen frei kombiniert und insbesondere zur Kennzeichnung der Erfindung in den Ansprüchen ohne zwangläufige Mitnahme der anderen Details der jeweiligen Ausgestaltung bzw. des jeweiligen Beispiels verwendet werden. Bezugszeichenliste: 01 Zuluft gehäuse 07 Spalt 02 Brennergehäuse 08 Trommel, Walze 03 Brennerboden 09 Brennraum 04 Primärluft 10 Bohrung(en) 05 Sekundärluft 11 Warze(n) 06 Pellet-Brenner R, R' Drehrichtung The features specified in the individual configurations and examples (bores, lugs, radial gradations, conical-cylindrical shell shape, etc.) and variants can be freely combined with those of the other examples and configurations and, in particular, to characterize the invention in the claims without inevitable entrainment of the other details of the respective configuration or of the respective example can be used. List of reference symbols: 01 Supply air housing 07 gap 02 Burner housing 08 Drum, roller 03 Burner base 09 Combustion chamber 04 Primary air 10 Bore (s) 05 Secondary air 11 Wart 06 Pellet burner R, R ' Direction of rotation

Claims (5)

  1. Pellet burner (6) having adjustable primary air (4) and a device for ash discharge, having a combustion chamber (9), in the lowermost part of which, the burner base, at least one inlet opening for the primary air (4) and the device for ash discharge are formed, the device for ash discharge being a movable burner base (3) which is mounted for rotation about an axis of rotation inclined no more than 20° to the horizontal and is connected to a rotary drive; the movable burner base (3) substantially closing an opening in the lowermost region of the combustion chamber (9), a gap (7) for the ash to be discharged remaining in each case between the movable burner base (3) and the edges of the opening, through which gap primary air (4) also enters the combustion chamber, the movable burner base (3) being a roller or drum (8) which has at least two regions having different radii over its circumference, characterised in that, in the case of two regions, the regions are each formed over half the circumference (π) .
  2. Pellet burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the roller or drum (8) has elevations or studs (11) on the side facing the burner chamber (9).
  3. Pellet burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the gaps (7) have a width between 0.4 mm and 6 mm.
  4. Pellet burner according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the combustion chamber (9) is formed by a burner housing (2), the lower edges of which are contoured.
  5. Pellet burner according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that three regions having different radii are provided.
EP19156470.7A 2019-02-11 2019-02-11 Pellet furnace Active EP3693663B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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PL19156470T PL3693663T3 (en) 2019-02-11 2019-02-11 Pellet furnace
DK19156470.7T DK3693663T3 (en) 2019-02-11 2019-02-11 PELLET BURNER
EP19156470.7A EP3693663B1 (en) 2019-02-11 2019-02-11 Pellet furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19156470.7A EP3693663B1 (en) 2019-02-11 2019-02-11 Pellet furnace

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EP3693663B1 true EP3693663B1 (en) 2021-08-11

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CN112984498A (en) * 2021-01-31 2021-06-18 上海旖琥环境工程技术发展有限公司 Biomass fuel particle combustion equipment
IT202200003026A1 (en) * 2022-02-18 2023-08-18 Unical Ag Spa SELF-CLEANING BURNER FOR SOLID FUELS.

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US20070215021A1 (en) * 2003-04-09 2007-09-20 Even Temp, Inc. Apparatus and method for combustion
ITTO20080386A1 (en) * 2008-05-23 2009-11-24 Sergio Cattarossi WALL-MOUNTED PELLET BOILER FOR HEATING AND DOMESTIC HOT WATER PRODUCTION
ITMI20120251A1 (en) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-21 Andrea Salamone PELLET STOVE WITH BRAZIER SELF-CLEANING SYSTEM
EP2944874B1 (en) * 2014-05-15 2020-04-08 Age Stufe S.r.l. Brazier for heating apparatus and heating apparatus comprising said brazier

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