EP3692217B1 - A hammer device - Google Patents
A hammer device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3692217B1 EP3692217B1 EP18785410.4A EP18785410A EP3692217B1 EP 3692217 B1 EP3692217 B1 EP 3692217B1 EP 18785410 A EP18785410 A EP 18785410A EP 3692217 B1 EP3692217 B1 EP 3692217B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mover
- permanent magnets
- hammer device
- longitudinal direction
- stator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
- E02F3/966—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements of hammer-type tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
- B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
- B25D11/064—Means for driving the impulse member using an electromagnetic drive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
- B25D17/20—Devices for cleaning or cooling tool or work
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/30—Auxiliary apparatus, e.g. for thawing, cracking, blowing-up, or other preparatory treatment of the soil
- E02F5/305—Arrangements for breaking-up hard ground
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
- B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
- B25D2250/141—Magnetic parts used in percussive tools
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/30—Auxiliary apparatus, e.g. for thawing, cracking, blowing-up, or other preparatory treatment of the soil
- E02F5/32—Rippers
- E02F5/323—Percussion-type rippers
Definitions
- the disclosure relates to a hammer device connectable to an excavator or a to working machine of another kind.
- a hammer device is used as an attachment to an excavator or another working machine where the intention is to break up for example stone, concrete, or some other material.
- the hammer device can be attached e.g. to the boom of an excavator, in place of a bucket.
- the hammer device is often hydraulically driven, allowing it to be connected to the hydraulic system of the excavator or the other working machine.
- the hydraulic hammer device incorporates a percussion mechanism capable of delivering impacts to a tip member forming part of the hammer device. A first end the tip member forms a tip which transmits the impacts to the material to be broken up.
- the percussion mechanism comprises a percussion piston having a reciprocating linear movement and striking and impact face on a second end of the tip member.
- the percussion piston delivers the impacts, the hammer device is pushed against material to be broken up.
- the above-mentioned tip penetrates, due to the impacts and the pushing, into the material to be broken up, and, consequently, breaks up the material.
- a hydraulic hammer device of the kind described above has its own challenges.
- One of the challenges encountered with hydraulic hammer devices is their tendency to cause pressure shocks which can be destructive to the hydraulic system of the working machine. These pressure shocks can be smoothed, but to some extent only, by means of a pressure accumulator.
- Another challenge of a hydraulic hammer device is that it has relatively high power consumption.
- the hydraulic system contains, in the energy flow direction, a plurality of energy-loss producing elements one after another, causing a reduction of the efficiency of the whole.
- the energy-loss producing elements include, for instance, an engine that drives a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump, a piping and valve system that produces a flow resistance. Any heating up of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic hammer device may also pose its own challenges to the hydraulic system of the working machine.
- geometric when used as a prefix means a geometric concept that is not necessarily a part of any physical object.
- the geometric concept can be for example a geometric point, a straight or curved geometric line, a geometric plane, a non-planar geometric surface, a geometric space, or any other geometric entity that is zero, one, two, or three dimensional.
- a new hammer device connectable to e.g. an excavator or another working machine.
- a working machine such as e.g. an excavator, is typically called an off-road machine.
- an off-road machine is typically called an off-road machine.
- the broader term "working machine" is used in this document.
- a hammer device comprises:
- the mover comprises an active part containing permanent magnets provided one after another in the longitudinal direction of the mover
- the stator comprises a ferromagnetic core-structure
- the linear electric machine comprises first and second support structures on both sides of the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator in the longitudinal direction of the mover.
- the first and second support structures support the mover to be linearly movable with respect to the stator in the longitudinal direction of the mover, and the active part of the mover is longer in the longitudinal direction of the mover than the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator.
- the first support structure comprises a frame-portion made of solid metal and a support element arranged to keep the mover a distance away from the solid metal.
- the support element comprises a sliding surface being against the mover and material whose electrical conductivity is at most half of the electrical conductivity of the solid metal. Furthermore, the support element is tubular and arranged to surround an end-portion of the mover.
- An inherent advantage of the above-described electrically driven hammer device is that it does not cause pressure shocks to a hydraulic system of an excavator or another working machine. Furthermore, the efficiency of electrically implemented energy transmission and processing is typically higher than that of hydraulically implemented energy transmission and processing. Thus, the electrically driven hammer device typically has a lower energy consumption than a hydraulic hammer device of equal power.
- An advantage of the electrically driven hammer device is that its operating electrical energy can be taken, in many instances, from the common electrical grid. The unit price, such as the kilowatt hour price, of the electrical energy provided by the common electrical grid is often lower than the unit price of hydraulic energy generated locally e.g. with a diesel-driven pump.
- Figure 1a shows a hammer device 100 according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment.
- Figure 1b shows a section view taken along a line A-A shown in Figure 1a .
- the section plane is parallel with the yz-plane of a coordinate system 199.
- Figure 1c shows a magnification of a part B of Figure 1b .
- the hammer device 100 has a frame 101 attachable to a working machine, such as to the boom of an excavator in place of a bucket.
- the frame 101 has attachment members 102 for attaching to the working machine so that the frame is nondestructively detachable from the working machine.
- the hammer device 100 comprises an actuator member 103 linearly movably supported by the frame 101.
- the hammer device 100 comprises a linear electric machine having a mover 104.
- the mover 104 is arranged to move the actuator member 103 in a linear manner, parallel to the z-axis of the coordinate system 199.
- the linear electric machine comprises a stator 105 attached to the frame 101 and comprising windings 106 for generating a magnetic force directed to the mover 104 in response to electric current supplied to the windings.
- the windings 106 may constitute for example a multi-phase winding, e.g. a two- or three-phase winding.
- the linear electric machine is a tubular linear electric machine in which the conductor coils of the windings 106 are arranged to surround the mover 104.
- Figures 1b and 1c show cross-sectional views of the conductor coils of the windings.
- the cross-sections of the conductor coils are depicted by black rectangular patterns.
- two of the conductor coils of the windings are denoted with figure references 125 and 126.
- the mover 104 can be, for example, substantially rotationally symmetric with respect to a geometric line 120 shown in Figure 1c .
- the mover 104 comprises annular permanent magnets provided one after another in the longitudinal direction of the mover, i.e. in the direction of the z-axis of the coordinate system 199, the axial direction of the annular shape of each permanent magnet coinciding with the longitudinal direction of the mover.
- two of the annular permanent magnets are denoted with figure references 107 and 108.
- the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets coincide with the longitudinal direction of the mover, the magnetizing directions of the successive permanent magnets being opposite to each other.
- the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are indicated with arrows in Figure 1c . Exemplifying magnetic flux lines are depicted with dashed lines.
- the mover 104 has a center rod 111 and annular ferromagnetic elements provided around it form a ferromagnetic core structure for the mover 104.
- two of the annular ferromagnetic elements of the mover are denoted with figure references 112 and 113.
- Each annular permanent magnet is situated between two successive annular ferromagnetic elements.
- the center rod 111 is made of a non-ferromagnetic material to allow a portion as large possible of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets to travel through the stator 105.
- the center rod can be made of for example austenitic steel or some other non-ferromagnetic and sufficiently strong material.
- the core structure of the stator 105 comprises annular ferromagnetic elements which surround the mover 104 and which, being stacked one after another in the longitudinal direction of the mover, form slots for conductor coils of the stator windings.
- two of the annular ferromagnetic elements are denoted with figure references 109 and 110.
- An exemplifying way of implementing the windings of the stator 105 is that each slot is provided with only one conductor coil belonging to one phase of the windings. It is also possible to provide each slot, for instance, with two conductor turns belonging either to the same phase of the windings or to two different phases of the windings.
- the stator 105 also comprises a stator frame 117 having cooling channels for a cooling medium flow.
- the cooling medium can be for example oil or water.
- one of the cooling channels is denoted with a figure reference 114.
- the mover 104 can be moved in a controlled way for example with a power electronic converter coupled to the windings of the stator. It is often advantageous for the control by the power electronic converter to know the position of the mover 104 with respect to the stator 105.
- the position of the mover can be measured with a mechanical position sensor comprising a sensor rod fixed to the mover.
- the position of the mover can also be measured in a contactless way, for example with a laser measurement arrangement.
- the mover and the stator with structures operable as an inductive position sensor.
- Hammer devices according to different embodiments allow for the use of any applicable position measurement and/or estimation methods known in the prior art. The invention is not limited any specific position measurement and/or position estimation method.
- Figure 2 illustrates a part of a linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment.
- the linear electric machine comprises a mover 204 and a stator 205.
- the mover 204 is movably supported relative to the stator 205, the direction of movement of the mover 204 being parallel to the z-axis of a coordinate system 299.
- Figure 2 shows a section view in which the section plane is parallel to yz-plane of the coordinate system 299.
- the stator 205 comprises windings for generating a magnetic force directed to the mover 204 in response to electric current supplied to the windings.
- the windings constitute a three-phase winding whose phases are denoted with figure references U, V and W.
- the linear electric machine is a tubular linear electric machine in which the conductor coils of the stator windings are arranged to surround the mover 204.
- the mover 204 and the electromagnetically active parts of the stator 205 can be, for instance, rotationally symmetric with respect to a geometric line 220 shown in Figure 2 .
- the cross-sections of the conductor coils of the windings of the stator 205 are presented as cross-hatched areas.
- Figure 2 uses a notation in which the left side of an area representing a cross-section of each conductor coil is provided with a phase-indicating figure reference U, V or W, and with "+” if the direction of electric current in the conductor coil cross-section under consideration is the positive x-direction of the coordinate system 299 when the electric current of this phase U, V or W is positive, or with "-" if the direction of the electric current in the conductor coil cross-section under consideration is the negative x-direction of the coordinate system 299 when the electric current of this phase U, V or W is positive.
- the stator 205 has annular permanent magnets provided one after another in the longitudinal direction of the mover 204, wherein the axial direction of the annular shape of each permanent magnet coincides with the longitudinal direction of the mover, i.e. is parallel with the z-axis of the coordinate system 299.
- two of the annular permanent magnets are denoted with figure references 207 and 208.
- the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets coincide with the longitudinal direction of the mover 204, the magnetizing directions of the successive permanent magnets being opposite to each other.
- the magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are indicated with arrows in Figure 2 .
- An exemplifying magnetic flux line is depicted with a dashed line.
- the core structure of the stator 205 comprises annular ferromagnetic elements surrounding the mover 204 and forming slots for the conductor coils of the windings.
- two of the annular ferromagnetic elements are denoted with figure references 209 and 210.
- the annular ferromagnetic elements and the permanent magnets of the stator are provided in the longitudinal direction of the mover 204 so that there is one of the slots between successive permanent magnets.
- two conductor coils are provided in each stator slot.
- conductor coils with designations +V and -W are provided in the slot formed by the ferromagnetic elements 209 and 210.
- the stator 205 may also comprise a stator frame 217, possibly equipped with cooling channels for a cooling medium flow.
- the stator frame 217 is advantageously made of a non-ferromagnetic material to allow a portion as large possible of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets to travel through the mover 204.
- the stator frame 217 can be made of for example aluminum.
- the mover 204 has a center rod 211 and annular ferromagnetic elements provided around the center rod to form a ferromagnetic core structure of the mover.
- two of the annular ferromagnetic elements of the mover are denoted with figure references 212 and 213.
- the annular elements of the mover 204 are shaped to form, on the outer surface of the mover, ridges oriented in the circumferential direction of the mover and causing a reluctance variation which enables the stator 205 to generate the magnetic force directed to the mover.
- Figure 2 only shows a portion of the linear electric machine concerned.
- the slots of the stator 205 can be 12 in number, for example, and the ridges can be provided on the mover 204 so that there are 13 mover ridges in the area covered by the stator.
- the mover 204 must have such a length that there is a sufficient number of ridges in the area covered by the stator within the entire range of movement of the mover.
- FSPMSM Flux switching permanent magnet synchronous machine
- Figure 3a shows a section view of a linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment.
- the section plane is parallel with the yz-plane of a coordinate system 399.
- Figure 3b shows a magnification of a part B1 of Figure 3a
- Figure 3c shows a magnification of a part B2 of Figure 3a .
- the linear electric machine comprises a mover 304 and a stator 305.
- Figure 3a shows a part of the mover 304 also separately for the sake of clarity.
- the mover 304 comprises an active part 321 that contains permanent magnets provided one after another in the longitudinal direction of the linear electric machine.
- the longitudinal direction is parallel with the z-axis of the coordinate system 399.
- the stator 305 comprises a ferromagnetic core-structure and windings for generating magnetic force acting on the mover 304 in response to supplying electric current to the windings.
- the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator is denoted with a figure reference 322 and cross-sections of two conductor coils of the windings are denoted with figure references 335 and 336.
- the ferromagnetic core-structure 322 constitutes stator slots for the conductor coils of the windings.
- the windings are arranged to constitute a multi-phase winding, e.g. a three-phase winding, and the windings can be implemented for example so that each stator slot contains only one conductor coil which belongs to one phase of the windings. It is, however, also possible that each stator slot contains for example two conductor coils which can belong to different phases of the windings or to a same phase of the windings.
- the exemplifying linear electric machine illustrated in Figures 3a-3c comprises first and second support structures 323 and 324 on both sides of the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator in the longitudinal direction of the linear electric machine.
- the first and second support structures 323 and 324 are arranged to support the mover 304 to be linearly movable with respect to the stator 305 in the longitudinal direction of the mover.
- the active part 321 of the mover 304 is longer than the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator 305 in the longitudinal direction of the mover.
- some of the permanent magnets of the mover 304 are temporarily inside a frame-portion 325 of the support structure 323.
- the frame-portion 325 is made of solid metal, e.g. solid steel, to achieve a sufficient mechanical strength.
- the support structure 323 further comprises a support element 326 arranged to keep the mover 304 a distance away from the solid metal of the frame-portion 325. In Figure 3c , the above-mentioned distance is denoted with D.
- the support element 326 constitutes a sliding surface 327 that is against the mover 304 and supports the mover in transversal directions, i.e. in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the linear electric machine.
- the support element 326 comprises material whose electrical conductivity, S/m, is less than that of the solid metal of the frame-portion 325.
- the electrical conductivity of the material of the support element 326 can be e.g. less than 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, or 5% of the electrical conductivity of the solid metal of the frame-portion 326.
- the distance D can be e.g. at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 15 mm, at least 20 mm, at least 25 mm, or at least 30 mm.
- the support element 326 may comprise for example polymer material or some other suitable material having low electrical conductivity and suitable mechanical properties.
- the polymer material can be e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene, known as Teflon.
- Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene
- the support element 326 comprises a coating constituting the sliding surface that is against the mover 304.
- the coating is denoted with a figure reference 330.
- the coating improves the wear resistance of the sliding surface of the support element 326.
- the coating can be for example a layer of chrome. In cases, where the coating is made of electrically conductive material, the coating is advantageously thin to reduce eddy current losses in the coating.
- the thickness of the coating 330 is exaggerated for the sake of clarity.
- the exemplifying linear electric machine illustrated in Figures 3a-3c is a tubular linear electric machine where the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator 305 is arranged to surround the mover 304 and the windings of the stator are arranged to surround the mover 304 and conduct electric currents in a circumferential direction.
- the mover 304 can be, for example but not necessarily, substantially rotationally symmetric with respect to a geometric line 320 shown in Figure 3b .
- the mover 304 comprises annular ferromagnetic elements that are alternately with the permanent magnets in the longitudinal direction of the mover.
- FIG-ure 3b two of the annular ferromagnetic elements of the mover 304 are denoted with figure references 312 and 313.
- the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets of the mover 304 are parallel with the longitudinal direction, and longitudinally neighboring ones of the permanent magnets have magnetization directions opposite to each other.
- the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets are depicted with arrows.
- Exemplifying magnetic flux lines are denoted with curved dashed lines.
- the mover 304 comprises a center rod 311 that mechanically supports the permanent magnets and the annular ferromagnetic elements of the mover 304.
- the center rod 311 is advantageously made of non-ferromagnetic material in order that as much as possible of the magnetic fluxes generated by the permanent magnets of the mover 304 would flow via the stator 305.
- the center rod 311 can be made of for example austenitic steel or some other sufficiently strong non-ferromagnetic material.
- the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator 305 comprises annular ferromagnetic elements surrounding the mover 304 and forming slots for the conductor coils of the windings.
- two of annular ferromagnetic elements of the stator 305 are denoted with figure references 309 and 310.
- the support element 326 is tubular and arranged to surround an end-portion 328 of the mover 304.
- An end-portion 329 of the support structure 323 is closed, and the end-portion 328 of the mover 304 is arranged to operate as a piston for compressing gas, e.g. air, when the mover 304 moves towards the closed end-portion 329 of the support structure 323.
- gas e.g. air
- the gas in the room limited by the tubular support element 326, the end portion 329 of the support structure 323, and the end-portion 328 of the mover 304 acts as a gas spring that intensifies the movement of the mover 304 in the negative z-direction of the coordinate system 399 and acts against the movement of the mover 304 in the positive z-direction of the coordinate system 399.
- Figure 4 shows a section view of a part of a linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment.
- the section plane is parallel with the yz-plane of a coordinate system 499.
- Figure 4 illustrates a part of a support structure 423 of the linear electric machine and a part of a mover 404 of the linear electric machine.
- the support structure 423 is arranged to support the mover 404 in the same way as the support structure 323 is arranged to support the mover 304 in the linear electric machine illustrated in Figures 3a-3c .
- the support structure 423 comprises a support element 426 that comprises material whose electrical conductivity is less than that of solid metal constituting a frame-portion 425 of the support structure 423.
- the support element 426 comprises ferromagnetic material 431 whose electrical conductivity is less than that the solid metal constituting the frame-portion 425, e.g. at most half of the electrical conductivity of the solid metal.
- the ferromagnetic material 431 provides low reluctance paths for magnetic fluxes generated by permanent magnets of the mover 404, and thereby the ferromagnetic material 431 reduces magnetic stray fluxes directed to the frame-portion 425 of the support structure 423. Furthermore, the ferromagnetic material 431 reduces the flux variation taking place in the permanent magnets and thereby the ferromagnetic material reduces losses of the permanent magnets.
- the ferromagnetic material 431 can be for example ferrite or iron powder composite such as e.g. SOMALOY ® Soft Magnetic Composite.
- the support element 426 further comprises a coating 430 on a surface of the ferromagnetic material and constituting a sliding surface that is against the mover 404.
- the coating 430 can be for example a layer of chrome.
- Figure 5 shows a section view of a hammer device 500 according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment.
- the section plane is parallel with the yz-plane of a coordinate system 599.
- the hammer device comprises a frame 501 that comprises attachment members 502 for attaching to the working machine, e.g. an excavator, so that the frame 501 is nondestructively detachable from the working machine.
- the hammer device 500 comprises an actuator member 503 linearly supported to the frame 501 and linearly movable with respect to the frame. In this exemplifying case, an end of the actuator member 503 is shaped to allow a separate tip member to be attached as an extension of the actuator member.
- the hammer device 500 comprises a linear electric machine according to an embodiment of the invention.
- a stator 505 of the linear electric machine is attached to the frame 501, and a mover 504 of the linear electric machine is arranged to move actuator member 503.
- the linear electric machine can be for example such as illustrated in Figures 3a-3c or such as illustrated in Figure 4 .
- a linear electric machine of a hammer device is a reluctance machine in which no permanent magnets are needed, but, in which all magnetic flux is induced by an electric current, and, in which the magnetic force directed to the mover is generated by reluctance variation based on the design of the mover.
- the drawbacks of a reluctance machine are a lower power density, i.e. a larger machine is needed to produce the same power, and a lower efficiency because all magnetic flux is induced by an electric current, resulting in higher resistive I 2 R losses in the electric machine, and, in addition, higher losses in the power electronics feeding the electric machine.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Linear Motors (AREA)
Description
- The disclosure relates to a hammer device connectable to an excavator or a to working machine of another kind.
- Typically, a hammer device is used as an attachment to an excavator or another working machine where the intention is to break up for example stone, concrete, or some other material. The hammer device can be attached e.g. to the boom of an excavator, in place of a bucket. The hammer device is often hydraulically driven, allowing it to be connected to the hydraulic system of the excavator or the other working machine. The hydraulic hammer device incorporates a percussion mechanism capable of delivering impacts to a tip member forming part of the hammer device. A first end the tip member forms a tip which transmits the impacts to the material to be broken up. The percussion mechanism comprises a percussion piston having a reciprocating linear movement and striking and impact face on a second end of the tip member. At the same time as the percussion piston delivers the impacts, the hammer device is pushed against material to be broken up. Thus, the above-mentioned tip penetrates, due to the impacts and the pushing, into the material to be broken up, and, consequently, breaks up the material.
- However, a hydraulic hammer device of the kind described above has its own challenges. One of the challenges encountered with hydraulic hammer devices is their tendency to cause pressure shocks which can be destructive to the hydraulic system of the working machine. These pressure shocks can be smoothed, but to some extent only, by means of a pressure accumulator. Another challenge of a hydraulic hammer device is that it has relatively high power consumption. The hydraulic system contains, in the energy flow direction, a plurality of energy-loss producing elements one after another, causing a reduction of the efficiency of the whole. The energy-loss producing elements include, for instance, an engine that drives a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump, a piping and valve system that produces a flow resistance. Any heating up of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic hammer device may also pose its own challenges to the hydraulic system of the working machine.
- Publications
US3436121 andJPS5068371U - The following presents a simplified summary to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of various invention embodiments. The summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is neither intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention nor to delineate the scope of the invention. The following summary merely presents some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description of exemplifying embodiments of the invention.
- In this document, the word "geometric" when used as a prefix means a geometric concept that is not necessarily a part of any physical object. The geometric concept can be for example a geometric point, a straight or curved geometric line, a geometric plane, a non-planar geometric surface, a geometric space, or any other geometric entity that is zero, one, two, or three dimensional.
- In accordance with the invention, there is provided a new hammer device connectable to e.g. an excavator or another working machine. A working machine, such as e.g. an excavator, is typically called an off-road machine. However, to emphasize that an ability for off-road operation is possible but not necessary, the broader term "working machine" is used in this document.
- A hammer device according to the invention comprises:
- a frame attachable to a working machine e.g. to the boom of an excavator, the frame comprising attachment members for attaching to the working machine so that the frame is nondestructively detachable from the working machine,
- an actuator member linearly movably supported by the frame and forming a tip member to transmit impacts to target material, or, capable of accommodating a separate tip member, and
- a linear electric machine comprising:
- a mover for moving the actuator member in a linear manner, and
- a stator connected to the frame and provided with windings for producing a magnetic force directed to the mover in response to electric current supplied to the windings.
- The mover comprises an active part containing permanent magnets provided one after another in the longitudinal direction of the mover, the stator comprises a ferromagnetic core-structure, and the linear electric machine comprises first and second support structures on both sides of the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator in the longitudinal direction of the mover. The first and second support structures support the mover to be linearly movable with respect to the stator in the longitudinal direction of the mover, and the active part of the mover is longer in the longitudinal direction of the mover than the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator. The first support structure comprises a frame-portion made of solid metal and a support element arranged to keep the mover a distance away from the solid metal. The support element comprises a sliding surface being against the mover and material whose electrical conductivity is at most half of the electrical conductivity of the solid metal. Furthermore, the support element is tubular and arranged to surround an end-portion of the mover.
- An inherent advantage of the above-described electrically driven hammer device is that it does not cause pressure shocks to a hydraulic system of an excavator or another working machine. Furthermore, the efficiency of electrically implemented energy transmission and processing is typically higher than that of hydraulically implemented energy transmission and processing. Thus, the electrically driven hammer device typically has a lower energy consumption than a hydraulic hammer device of equal power. An advantage of the electrically driven hammer device is that its operating electrical energy can be taken, in many instances, from the common electrical grid. The unit price, such as the kilowatt hour price, of the electrical energy provided by the common electrical grid is often lower than the unit price of hydraulic energy generated locally e.g. with a diesel-driven pump.
- Exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments are described in accompanied dependent claims.
- Various exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments both as to constructions and to methods of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
- The verbs "to comprise" and "to include" are used in this document as open limitations that neither exclude nor require the existence of un-recited features. The features recited in dependent claims are mutually freely combinable unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the use of "a" or "an", i.e. a singular form, throughout this document does not exclude a plurality.
- Exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments and their advantages are explained in greater detail below in the sense of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
Figures 1a ,1b , and1c illustrate a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment, -
Figure 2 illustrates a linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment, -
Figures 3a ,3b, and 3c illustrate a linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment, -
Figure 4 illustrates a detail of a linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment, and -
Figure 5 illustrates a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment. - The invention and the embodiments thereof are not limited to the exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments described below. Thus, the specific examples provided in the description given below should not be construed as limiting the scope and/or the applicability of the appended claims. Lists and groups of examples provided in the description given below are not exhaustive unless otherwise explicitly stated.
-
Figure 1a shows ahammer device 100 according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment.Figure 1b shows a section view taken along a line A-A shown inFigure 1a . The section plane is parallel with the yz-plane of acoordinate system 199.Figure 1c shows a magnification of a part B ofFigure 1b . Thehammer device 100 has aframe 101 attachable to a working machine, such as to the boom of an excavator in place of a bucket. Theframe 101 hasattachment members 102 for attaching to the working machine so that the frame is nondestructively detachable from the working machine. Thehammer device 100 comprises anactuator member 103 linearly movably supported by theframe 101. Anend 115 of theactuator member 103 is shaped to allow aseparate tip member 116 to be attached as an extension of the actuator member. Thehammer device 100 comprises a linear electric machine having amover 104. Themover 104 is arranged to move theactuator member 103 in a linear manner, parallel to the z-axis of the coordinatesystem 199. The linear electric machine comprises astator 105 attached to theframe 101 and comprisingwindings 106 for generating a magnetic force directed to themover 104 in response to electric current supplied to the windings. Thewindings 106 may constitute for example a multi-phase winding, e.g. a two- or three-phase winding. In the exemplifyinghammer device 100 illustrated inFigures 1a-1c , the linear electric machine is a tubular linear electric machine in which the conductor coils of thewindings 106 are arranged to surround themover 104.Figures 1b and1c show cross-sectional views of the conductor coils of the windings. InFigure 1b , the cross-sections of the conductor coils are depicted by black rectangular patterns. InFigure 1c , two of the conductor coils of the windings are denoted withfigure references mover 104 can be, for example, substantially rotationally symmetric with respect to ageometric line 120 shown inFigure 1c . - The
mover 104 comprises annular permanent magnets provided one after another in the longitudinal direction of the mover, i.e. in the direction of the z-axis of the coordinatesystem 199, the axial direction of the annular shape of each permanent magnet coinciding with the longitudinal direction of the mover. InFigure 1c , two of the annular permanent magnets are denoted withfigure references Figure 1c . Exemplifying magnetic flux lines are depicted with dashed lines. Themover 104 has acenter rod 111 and annular ferromagnetic elements provided around it form a ferromagnetic core structure for themover 104. InFigure 1c , two of the annular ferromagnetic elements of the mover are denoted withfigure references center rod 111 is made of a non-ferromagnetic material to allow a portion as large possible of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets to travel through thestator 105. The center rod can be made of for example austenitic steel or some other non-ferromagnetic and sufficiently strong material. - The core structure of the
stator 105 comprises annular ferromagnetic elements which surround themover 104 and which, being stacked one after another in the longitudinal direction of the mover, form slots for conductor coils of the stator windings. InFigure 1c , two of the annular ferromagnetic elements are denoted withfigure references stator 105 is that each slot is provided with only one conductor coil belonging to one phase of the windings. It is also possible to provide each slot, for instance, with two conductor turns belonging either to the same phase of the windings or to two different phases of the windings. Thestator 105 also comprises astator frame 117 having cooling channels for a cooling medium flow. The cooling medium can be for example oil or water. InFigure 1c , one of the cooling channels is denoted with afigure reference 114. - The
mover 104 can be moved in a controlled way for example with a power electronic converter coupled to the windings of the stator. It is often advantageous for the control by the power electronic converter to know the position of themover 104 with respect to thestator 105. For example, the position of the mover can be measured with a mechanical position sensor comprising a sensor rod fixed to the mover. The position of the mover can also be measured in a contactless way, for example with a laser measurement arrangement. It is also possible provide the mover and the stator with structures operable as an inductive position sensor. Hammer devices according to different embodiments allow for the use of any applicable position measurement and/or estimation methods known in the prior art. The invention is not limited any specific position measurement and/or position estimation method. -
Figure 2 illustrates a part of a linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment. The linear electric machine comprises amover 204 and astator 205. Themover 204 is movably supported relative to thestator 205, the direction of movement of themover 204 being parallel to the z-axis of a coordinatesystem 299.Figure 2 shows a section view in which the section plane is parallel to yz-plane of the coordinatesystem 299. Thestator 205 comprises windings for generating a magnetic force directed to themover 204 in response to electric current supplied to the windings. In the exemplifying case shown inFigure 2 , the windings constitute a three-phase winding whose phases are denoted with figure references U, V and W. The linear electric machine is a tubular linear electric machine in which the conductor coils of the stator windings are arranged to surround themover 204. Themover 204 and the electromagnetically active parts of thestator 205 can be, for instance, rotationally symmetric with respect to ageometric line 220 shown inFigure 2 . InFigure 2 , the cross-sections of the conductor coils of the windings of thestator 205 are presented as cross-hatched areas.Figure 2 uses a notation in which the left side of an area representing a cross-section of each conductor coil is provided with a phase-indicating figure reference U, V or W, and with "+" if the direction of electric current in the conductor coil cross-section under consideration is the positive x-direction of the coordinatesystem 299 when the electric current of this phase U, V or W is positive, or with "-" if the direction of the electric current in the conductor coil cross-section under consideration is the negative x-direction of the coordinatesystem 299 when the electric current of this phase U, V or W is positive. - The
stator 205 has annular permanent magnets provided one after another in the longitudinal direction of themover 204, wherein the axial direction of the annular shape of each permanent magnet coincides with the longitudinal direction of the mover, i.e. is parallel with the z-axis of the coordinatesystem 299. InFigure 2 , two of the annular permanent magnets are denoted withfigure references mover 204, the magnetizing directions of the successive permanent magnets being opposite to each other. The magnetizing directions of the permanent magnets are indicated with arrows inFigure 2 . An exemplifying magnetic flux line is depicted with a dashed line. The core structure of thestator 205 comprises annular ferromagnetic elements surrounding themover 204 and forming slots for the conductor coils of the windings. InFigure 2 , two of the annular ferromagnetic elements are denoted withfigure references mover 204 so that there is one of the slots between successive permanent magnets. In this exemplifying case, two conductor coils are provided in each stator slot. For example, conductor coils with designations +V and -W are provided in the slot formed by theferromagnetic elements stator 205 may also comprise a stator frame 217, possibly equipped with cooling channels for a cooling medium flow. The stator frame 217 is advantageously made of a non-ferromagnetic material to allow a portion as large possible of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets to travel through themover 204. The stator frame 217 can be made of for example aluminum. - The
mover 204 has acenter rod 211 and annular ferromagnetic elements provided around the center rod to form a ferromagnetic core structure of the mover. InFigure 2 , two of the annular ferromagnetic elements of the mover are denoted withfigure references mover 204 are shaped to form, on the outer surface of the mover, ridges oriented in the circumferential direction of the mover and causing a reluctance variation which enables thestator 205 to generate the magnetic force directed to the mover.Figure 2 only shows a portion of the linear electric machine concerned. In total, the slots of thestator 205 can be 12 in number, for example, and the ridges can be provided on themover 204 so that there are 13 mover ridges in the area covered by the stator. Themover 204 must have such a length that there is a sufficient number of ridges in the area covered by the stator within the entire range of movement of the mover. - The linear electric machine illustrated in
Figure 2 , having permanent magnets on its stator, is often referred to by the term a Flux switching permanent magnet synchronous machine, abbreviated as "FSPMSM". -
Figure 3a shows a section view of a linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment. The section plane is parallel with the yz-plane of a coordinatesystem 399.Figure 3b shows a magnification of a part B1 ofFigure 3a , andFigure 3c shows a magnification of a part B2 ofFigure 3a . The linear electric machine comprises amover 304 and astator 305.Figure 3a shows a part of themover 304 also separately for the sake of clarity. Themover 304 comprises anactive part 321 that contains permanent magnets provided one after another in the longitudinal direction of the linear electric machine. The longitudinal direction is parallel with the z-axis of the coordinatesystem 399. InFig-ures 3a and3b , two of the permanent magnets are denoted withfigure references stator 305 comprises a ferromagnetic core-structure and windings for generating magnetic force acting on themover 304 in response to supplying electric current to the windings. InFigure 3b , the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator is denoted with afigure reference 322 and cross-sections of two conductor coils of the windings are denoted withfigure references Figure 3b , the ferromagnetic core-structure 322 constitutes stator slots for the conductor coils of the windings. Typically, the windings are arranged to constitute a multi-phase winding, e.g. a three-phase winding, and the windings can be implemented for example so that each stator slot contains only one conductor coil which belongs to one phase of the windings. It is, however, also possible that each stator slot contains for example two conductor coils which can belong to different phases of the windings or to a same phase of the windings. - The exemplifying linear electric machine illustrated in
Figures 3a-3c comprises first andsecond support structures second support structures mover 304 to be linearly movable with respect to thestator 305 in the longitudinal direction of the mover. As shown inFigure 3a , theactive part 321 of themover 304 is longer than the ferromagnetic core-structure of thestator 305 in the longitudinal direction of the mover. Thus, during a reciprocating linear movement of themover 304, some of the permanent magnets of themover 304 are temporarily inside a frame-portion 325 of thesupport structure 323. The frame-portion 325 is made of solid metal, e.g. solid steel, to achieve a sufficient mechanical strength. Thesupport structure 323 further comprises asupport element 326 arranged to keep the mover 304 a distance away from the solid metal of the frame-portion 325. InFigure 3c , the above-mentioned distance is denoted with D. Thesupport element 326 constitutes a slidingsurface 327 that is against themover 304 and supports the mover in transversal directions, i.e. in directions perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the linear electric machine. Thesupport element 326 comprises material whose electrical conductivity, S/m, is less than that of the solid metal of the frame-portion 325. The electrical conductivity of the material of thesupport element 326 can be e.g. less than 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, or 5% of the electrical conductivity of the solid metal of the frame-portion 326. As themover 304 is kept the distance D away from the solid metal of the frame-portion 326, eddy currents induced by the moving permanent magnets of the mover to the solid metal are reduced. As a corollary, losses of the linear electric machine are reduced and thereby the efficiency of the hammer device is improved. The distance D can be e.g. at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 15 mm, at least 20 mm, at least 25 mm, or at least 30 mm. - The
support element 326 may comprise for example polymer material or some other suitable material having low electrical conductivity and suitable mechanical properties. The polymer material can be e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene, known as Teflon. In a linear electric machine according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment, thesupport element 326 comprises a coating constituting the sliding surface that is against themover 304. InFigure 3c , the coating is denoted with afigure reference 330. The coating improves the wear resistance of the sliding surface of thesupport element 326. The coating can be for example a layer of chrome. In cases, where the coating is made of electrically conductive material, the coating is advantageously thin to reduce eddy current losses in the coating. InFigure 3c , the thickness of thecoating 330 is exaggerated for the sake of clarity. - The exemplifying linear electric machine illustrated in
Figures 3a-3c is a tubular linear electric machine where the ferromagnetic core-structure of thestator 305 is arranged to surround themover 304 and the windings of the stator are arranged to surround themover 304 and conduct electric currents in a circumferential direction. Themover 304 can be, for example but not necessarily, substantially rotationally symmetric with respect to ageometric line 320 shown inFigure 3b . In this exemplifying case, themover 304 comprises annular ferromagnetic elements that are alternately with the permanent magnets in the longitudinal direction of the mover. InFig-ure 3b , two of the annular ferromagnetic elements of themover 304 are denoted withfigure references mover 304 are parallel with the longitudinal direction, and longitudinally neighboring ones of the permanent magnets have magnetization directions opposite to each other. InFigure 3b , the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets are depicted with arrows. Exemplifying magnetic flux lines are denoted with curved dashed lines. In this exemplifying case, themover 304 comprises acenter rod 311 that mechanically supports the permanent magnets and the annular ferromagnetic elements of themover 304. Thecenter rod 311 is advantageously made of non-ferromagnetic material in order that as much as possible of the magnetic fluxes generated by the permanent magnets of themover 304 would flow via thestator 305. Thecenter rod 311 can be made of for example austenitic steel or some other sufficiently strong non-ferromagnetic material. In this exemplifying case, the ferromagnetic core-structure of thestator 305 comprises annular ferromagnetic elements surrounding themover 304 and forming slots for the conductor coils of the windings. InFigure 3b , two of annular ferromagnetic elements of thestator 305 are denoted withfigure references - In the exemplifying linear electric machine illustrated in
Figures 3a-3c , thesupport element 326 is tubular and arranged to surround an end-portion 328 of themover 304. An end-portion 329 of thesupport structure 323 is closed, and the end-portion 328 of themover 304 is arranged to operate as a piston for compressing gas, e.g. air, when themover 304 moves towards the closed end-portion 329 of thesupport structure 323. The gas in the room limited by thetubular support element 326, theend portion 329 of thesupport structure 323, and the end-portion 328 of themover 304 acts as a gas spring that intensifies the movement of themover 304 in the negative z-direction of the coordinatesystem 399 and acts against the movement of themover 304 in the positive z-direction of the coordinatesystem 399. -
Figure 4 shows a section view of a part of a linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment. The section plane is parallel with the yz-plane of a coordinatesystem 499.Figure 4 illustrates a part of asupport structure 423 of the linear electric machine and a part of amover 404 of the linear electric machine. Thesupport structure 423 is arranged to support themover 404 in the same way as thesupport structure 323 is arranged to support themover 304 in the linear electric machine illustrated inFigures 3a-3c . Thesupport structure 423 comprises asupport element 426 that comprises material whose electrical conductivity is less than that of solid metal constituting a frame-portion 425 of thesupport structure 423. In this exemplifying linear electric machine, thesupport element 426 comprisesferromagnetic material 431 whose electrical conductivity is less than that the solid metal constituting the frame-portion 425, e.g. at most half of the electrical conductivity of the solid metal. Theferromagnetic material 431 provides low reluctance paths for magnetic fluxes generated by permanent magnets of themover 404, and thereby theferromagnetic material 431 reduces magnetic stray fluxes directed to the frame-portion 425 of thesupport structure 423. Furthermore, theferromagnetic material 431 reduces the flux variation taking place in the permanent magnets and thereby the ferromagnetic material reduces losses of the permanent magnets. Theferromagnetic material 431 can be for example ferrite or iron powder composite such as e.g. SOMALOY® Soft Magnetic Composite. Thesupport element 426 further comprises acoating 430 on a surface of the ferromagnetic material and constituting a sliding surface that is against themover 404. Thecoating 430 can be for example a layer of chrome. -
Figure 5 shows a section view of ahammer device 500 according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment. The section plane is parallel with the yz-plane of a coordinatesystem 599. The hammer device comprises aframe 501 that comprisesattachment members 502 for attaching to the working machine, e.g. an excavator, so that theframe 501 is nondestructively detachable from the working machine. Thehammer device 500 comprises anactuator member 503 linearly supported to theframe 501 and linearly movable with respect to the frame. In this exemplifying case, an end of theactuator member 503 is shaped to allow a separate tip member to be attached as an extension of the actuator member. Thehammer device 500 comprises a linear electric machine according to an embodiment of the invention. Astator 505 of the linear electric machine is attached to theframe 501, and amover 504 of the linear electric machine is arranged to moveactuator member 503. The linear electric machine can be for example such as illustrated inFigures 3a-3c or such as illustrated inFigure 4 . - A linear electric machine of a hammer device according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment is a reluctance machine in which no permanent magnets are needed, but, in which all magnetic flux is induced by an electric current, and, in which the magnetic force directed to the mover is generated by reluctance variation based on the design of the mover. In comparison to a permanent magnet machine, the drawbacks of a reluctance machine are a lower power density, i.e. a larger machine is needed to produce the same power, and a lower efficiency because all magnetic flux is induced by an electric current, resulting in higher resistive I2R losses in the electric machine, and, in addition, higher losses in the power electronics feeding the electric machine.
- The invention and the embodiments thereof are not limited to the exemplifying and non-limiting embodiments described above. Thus, the specific examples provided in the description given above should not be construed as limiting the scope and/or the applicability of the appended claims. Lists and groups of examples provided in the description given above are not exhaustive unless otherwise explicitly stated.
Claims (13)
- A hammer device (100, 500) comprising:- a frame (101, 501) attachable to a working machine, the frame comprising attachment members (102, 502) for attaching to the working machine so that the frame is nondestructively detachable from the working machine, and- an actuator member (103, 503) linearly movably supported with respect to the frame,wherein the hammer device comprises a linear electric machine comprising:- a mover (104, 204, 304, 404, 504) for linearly moving the actuator member, and- a stator (105, 205, 305, 505) connected to the frame, provided with windings (106, U, V, W, 306, 506) for generating a magnetic force directed to the mover in response to electric current supplied to the windings,wherein the mover (304, 404, 504) comprises an active part (321) containing permanent magnets (307, 308) provided one after another in a longitudinal direction of the mover, the stator (305, 505) comprises a ferromagnetic core-structure (322), and the linear electric machine comprises first and second support structures (323, 324, 423) on both sides of the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator in the longitudinal direction of the mover, the first and second support structures supporting the mover to be linearly movable with respect to the stator in the longitudinal direction of the mover, the active part (321) of the mover being longer in the longitudinal direction of the mover than the ferromagnetic core-structure of the stator, and wherein the first support structure (323, 423) comprises a frame-portion (325, 425) made of solid metal and a support element (326, 426) arranged to keep the mover a distance (D) away from the solid metal, the support element comprising a sliding surface (327, 427) being against the mover and material whose electrical conductivity is at most half of electrical conductivity of the solid metal, characterized in that the support element (326) is tubular and arranged to surround an end-portion (328) of the mover.
- A hammer device according to claim 1, wherein the linear electric machine is a tubular linear electric machine, conductor coils of the windings (106, U, V, W, 306, 506) being arranged to surround the mover.
- A hammer device according to claim 2, wherein the permanent magnets of the mover (104, 304, 404, 504) are annular permanent magnets (107, 108, 307, 308) provided one after another in the longitudinal direction of the mover, an axial direction of an annular shape of each of the annular permanent magnets coinciding with the longitudinal direction of the mover, and magnetizing directions of the annular permanent magnets coinciding with the longitudinal direction of the mover so that the magnetizing directions of successive ones of the annular permanent magnets being opposite to each other.
- A hammer device according to claim 2, wherein the stator (205) comprises annular permanent magnets (207, 208) provided one after another in a longitudinal direction of the mover, an axial direction of an annular shape of each of the annular permanent magnets coinciding with the longitudinal direction of the mover, and magnetizing directions of the annular permanent magnets coinciding with the longitudinal direction of the mover so that the magnetizing directions of successive ones of the annular permanent magnets being opposite to each other, and the windings and the annular permanent magnets being provided in the longitudinal direction of the mover so that portions of the windings and the annular permanent magnets are located alternately in the longitudinal direction of the mover.
- A hammer device according to any of claims 2-4, wherein a ferromagnetic core structure of the stator comprises annular ferromagnetic elements (109, 110, 209, 210, 309, 310) surrounding the mover and forming slots for the conductor coils of the windings.
- A hammer device according to claim 4, wherein a ferromagnetic core structure of the stator comprises annular ferromagnetic elements (209, 210) surrounding the mover and forming slots for the conductor coils of the windings, the windings and the annular permanent magnets being provided in the longitudinal direction of the mover so that each one of the slots is located between two successive ones of the annular permanent magnets (207, 208).
- A hammer device according to claim 1, wherein an end-portion (329) of the first support structure (323) is closed, and the end-portion (328) of the mover located in the tubular support element is arranged to operate as a piston for compressing gas in response to a movement of the mover towards the closed end-portion of the first support structure.
- A hammer device according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the support element comprises polymer material.
- A hammer device according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the support element comprises a coating (330, 430) constituting the sliding surface being against the mover.
- A hammer device according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the support element comprises ferromagnetic material (431) for reducing magnetic stray fluxes directed to the frame-portion (425) of the first support structure, and a coating (430) on a surface of the ferromagnetic material and constituting the sliding surface being against the mover, the electrical conductivity of the ferromagnetic material being at most half of the electrical conductivity of the solid metal of the frame portion of the first support structure.
- A hammer device according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the distance (D) is at least 5 mm.
- A hammer device according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the electrical conductivity of the material of the support element is at most 10 % of the electrical conductivity of the solid metal of the frame-portion of the first support structure.
- A hammer device according to any of claims 2-12, wherein the mover comprises a center rod (111, 211, 311) made of non-ferromagnetic material and annular ferromagnetic elements (112, 113, 212, 213, 312, 313) around the center rod and forming a ferromagnetic core structure of the mover.
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FIU20174230U FI11918U1 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2017-10-06 | Percussion device |
PCT/FI2018/050683 WO2019068958A1 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2018-09-21 | A hammer device |
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EP3692217B1 true EP3692217B1 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
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IT202200019395A1 (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2024-03-22 | Ghedini Ing Fabio & C S A S | DEMOLITION HAMMER FOR ELECTRIC WORK MACHINE |
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CN111535103B (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2022-01-28 | 中建力天集团有限公司 | Municipal roadbed construction method |
CN112376380A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-19 | 杭州湘豫科技有限公司 | Quartering hammer is used in road surface construction with response structure |
CN112550764A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-26 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Asynchronous three-axis attitude control magnetic suspension inertial executing mechanism |
SE544592C2 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2022-09-20 | Construction Tools Pc Ab | Hammer device with an electrically operated piston drive arrangement |
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JP2011193641A (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-29 | Koganei Corp | Linear motor and method for manufacturing reciprocating rod |
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US545149A (en) * | 1895-08-27 | Electromagnetic tool | ||
US3436121A (en) * | 1967-05-02 | 1969-04-01 | Wesley B Cunningham | Electrically actuated demolition device |
JPS5068372U (en) * | 1973-10-23 | 1975-06-18 | ||
JPS5068371U (en) * | 1973-10-23 | 1975-06-18 | ||
JP2008005960A (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-17 | Platon Japan:Kk | Instrument for medical operation |
EP2169660B1 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2011-12-07 | Goodbuy Corporation S.A. | Piano hammer |
EP2669463B1 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2018-08-08 | Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy | A rock drilling rig and method of driving compressor |
DE102015116881B4 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2024-01-25 | Langenstein & Schemann Gmbh | Forming machine, especially forging hammer |
AU2015350919B8 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2018-02-01 | Komatsu Ltd. | Mining machine control system, mining machine, mining machine management system, and mining machine management method. |
RU2727863C1 (en) | 2019-07-09 | 2020-07-24 | Марина Дмитриевна Перова | Method of dental implantation in lateral sections of upper jaw |
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JP2011193641A (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-29 | Koganei Corp | Linear motor and method for manufacturing reciprocating rod |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IT202200019395A1 (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2024-03-22 | Ghedini Ing Fabio & C S A S | DEMOLITION HAMMER FOR ELECTRIC WORK MACHINE |
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