EP3690136A1 - Nonwoven fibrous material - Google Patents
Nonwoven fibrous material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3690136A1 EP3690136A1 EP20155452.4A EP20155452A EP3690136A1 EP 3690136 A1 EP3690136 A1 EP 3690136A1 EP 20155452 A EP20155452 A EP 20155452A EP 3690136 A1 EP3690136 A1 EP 3690136A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- nonwoven
- nonwoven material
- material according
- fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/12—Pulp from non-woody plants or crops, e.g. cotton, flax, straw, bagasse
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
- A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
- A47L13/16—Cloths; Pads; Sponges
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
- D04H1/26—Wood pulp
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
- D04H1/28—Regenerated cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
- D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/02—Synthetic cellulose fibres
- D21H13/08—Synthetic cellulose fibres from regenerated cellulose
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nonwoven nonwoven material.
- Nonwoven nonwoven materials are known from the prior art in different embodiments. These nonwoven materials are suitable for numerous applications in the paper and textile industry. They are usually made of one or more layers and have in their individual layers a structure made of individual fibers which are connected to one another but not in an identifiable manner, such as in a knitted fabric. Nonwoven materials can be produced, for example, by meltblowing processes, by spinning processes, wet-laying processes or by dry-laying processes, in particular using a so-called "air-laid” technique. The basis weight of such nonwoven materials is usually given in grams per square meter (g / m 2 ) and the fiber fineness in denier or tex.
- Disposable wipes which can be used for cleaning and wiping purposes, for example, can be produced from nonwoven nonwoven materials. Further areas of application for disposable wipes that are made from nonwoven nonwoven materials are dry wipes, which can be found, for example, in washrooms and with which a user can dry their hands. These disposable dry wipes are an alternative to rolled up cotton dry wipes, which are rolled out by a dispenser to a certain length so that a user can dry his hands. The cotton drying cloth is then pulled back into the dispenser. The rolled up cotton drying cloths are cleaned after use and can then be reused.
- the disposable wipes known from the prior art are often produced from multi-layer, non-woven nonwoven fabric materials based on cellulose, which are reinforced by synthetic fibers, in particular to increase the wet strength.
- a disadvantage of these disposable wipes is that they are not biodegradable and, moreover, are not recyclable, since they contain synthetic fibers, which are made, for example, from a thermoplastic. This means that they also pose major problems for wastewater and sewage treatment plants.
- pre-moistened disposable wipes can also be produced from such nonwoven nonwoven materials, which can be used in particular when water is not available or cannot be used in a convenient manner. Travelers and parents of small children often find such wet wipes particularly practical. High wet strength is also desirable in this application, for example to effectively prevent tearing or puncturing during dispensing of cloth from a dispenser or during use.
- the nonwoven nonwoven material is usually cut into individual sheets.
- the individual wipes can in principle also be used dry, they are typically used for the intended purpose suitable chemical solution, then stacked and packed in a fluid-tight packaging from which they can be removed for use.
- the chemical solution often contains bactericides as well as emulsifiers, pH buffers, fragrances and the like.
- the liquid-tight packaging maintains the saturated state of the wipes until they are used.
- the pre-moistened or moistened wipes After use via a sewage system or a wastewater treatment plant or fermentation plant.
- the pre-moistened wipes or those moistened by a user during use must on the one hand have sufficient wet strength to withstand tearing and puncturing during heavy use. On the other hand, they also have to disintegrate into smaller pieces or fibers within the moving water present in a sanitary area.
- Pre-moistened wipes or wipe materials that can dissolve within a sewage treatment plant are known from the prior art in different embodiments.
- Some of the wipes described above use a pH-sensitive, water-soluble binder or a pH-sensitive, water-soluble adhesive to achieve the required wet strength during packaging and use.
- the binders of such wet wipes result in resistance to weakening during storage in a defined pH solution, but are less strongly bound when the wipe has been immersed in a relatively large amount of turbulent, essentially pH-neutral water.
- Such a wet wipe is in the U.S. Patent No. 4,117,187 described.
- Such wet wipes typically work with one within a chemical solution limited pH range and are difficult to break apart except in the preferred, essentially pH neutral environment.
- Such a binder is completely eliminated.
- These wipes are based solely on hydroentangling the fibers that make up the wipe material to achieve the strength required for processing and single use.
- Such hydroentangled cloth materials dissolve in water during movement, in particular during turbulent movement, so that they can be disposed of in a sewage system and in a sewage treatment plant.
- Such a cloth material is for example from the U.S. Patent No. 4,755,421 known.
- This patent describes a binder-free, hydroentangled cloth material which essentially consists of a mixture of viscose fibers and paper fibers. Although these materials have acceptable absorption properties, the wet strength of these materials, particularly at low basis weights, has proven to be relatively poor.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a nonwoven nonwoven material which has improved rinsability and high strength, in particular high wet strength.
- the nonwoven nonwoven material according to the invention is characterized in that it has a fiber content of up to 95% by weight, which consists of recycled fibers, and a fiber content of at least 5 wt .-%, which is formed by naturally renewable fibers or by man-made fibers or by a combination of naturally renewable fibers and man-made fibers.
- the nonwoven material preferably consists only of these fiber parts, so that their total weight amounts to 100% by weight.
- the present invention provides a nonwoven nonwoven material which can be made in one or more layers and has a very high strength, in particular wet strength.
- a fiber content from recycled fibers which according to an advantageous embodiment is formed by fibers from deinking pulp (DIP), into the fiber composition
- DIP deinking pulp
- a deinking pulp (DIP) is a pulp made from recycled paper that is processed in a deinking process, which removes printing inks and other undesirable elements and releases the paper fibers.
- Products such as, for example, dry wipes or wet wipes, which are produced from the nonwoven nonwoven material according to the invention, are therefore advantageously suitable for disposal via a sewer system. They have a considerably improved flushability (flushability), since the recycled fibers introduced into the nonwoven material have a shorter fiber length than brand-new fibers, which in contrast form long fibers.
- the nonwoven nonwoven material according to the invention is advantageously not dependent on synthetic fibers, in particular made of a thermoplastic, in order to maintain a high level of wetness To achieve dry strength.
- a fiber content from recycled fibers in particular a deinking pulp (DIP)
- DIP deinking pulp
- the rate of disintegration can be controlled in a targeted manner by the proportion of the fiber content from recycled fibers, in particular deinking pulp (DIP), as a percentage by weight of the fiber composition.
- DIP deinking pulp
- Due to its composition, the nonwoven fabric material according to the invention is advantageously also able to decompose into small pieces and individual fibers after a short time with moderate movement in moving water, so that it can be disposed of easily via a sanitary sewage system.
- the nonwoven nonwoven material according to the invention can be used in the dry, pre-moistened or moistened state by a user, so that it is suitable, for example, for the production of dry wipes and pre-moistened wipes (in short: wipes) which are intended for single use or also for multiple use.
- the minimum fiber content which consists of recycled fibers, is between 5% by weight and 30% by weight, preferably between 5% by weight and 50% by weight, in particular between 5% by weight. -% and 70 wt .-%. It has been shown that a minimum fiber content from recycled fibers of at least 30% by weight, in particular of at least 50% by weight, has a positive effect on the rinsability of the nonwoven nonwoven material.
- the proportion of fibrous material which is formed by or contains naturally renewable fibrous materials comprises fibers from wooden plants and / or fibers from non-wooden plants.
- the natural cellulose fibers thus come from natural sources, such as wooden and non-wooden plants.
- Wooden plants include deciduous and coniferous trees in particular.
- Non-woody plants include cotton plants, flax, esparto grass, sisal, abaca, silk plants, straw, jute, hemp and bagasse. This list is expressly not to be understood as exhaustive.
- the artificially produced fiber materials are selected from a group of fiber materials that are biodegradable. As a result, complete biodegradability of the nonwoven material is advantageously possible.
- the artificially produced fibrous materials can be formed by regenerated fibers, in particular by lyocell fibers or by viscose fibers.
- Regenerated cellulose which contains the regenerated fibers, is an artificially produced cellulose made from natural raw materials. This is obtained by chemical treatment of natural cellulose from renewable raw materials to form a soluble chemical derivative or an intermediate compound. This derivative is then decomposed to regenerate the cellulose.
- regenerated cellulose contains a spunbonded nonwoven and regenerated cellulose processes include, for example, the viscose process.
- the nonwoven nonwoven material presented here is thus advantageously a very good one biodegradability provided that only natural and pulp-based raw materials are used for production.
- the nonwoven material have a basis weight in the range from approximately 30 to approximately 120 grams per square meter. It is capable of decomposing or dispersing or breaking up in water with moderate agitation. As already mentioned above, this can be controlled in an advantageous manner by varying the proportion of recycled fibers, in particular the proportion of DIP, in the composition of the proportion of fibers in the nonwoven nonwoven material. The highest possible proportion of recycled fiber favors the water-induced disintegration of the nonwoven material, since this recycled fiber content leads to a high content of short fibers in the fiber composition.
- the nonwoven nonwoven material presented here is particularly suitable for production in a wet laying process.
- it can be a so-called spunlaced nonwoven material.
- the nonwoven nonwoven material can also be produced by a dry-laying process, in particular using a so-called "air-laid” technique.
- Wet-laying processes and dry-laying processes are basically known to the person skilled in the art, so that they do not have to be explained in detail here.
- the fibers of the nonwoven material are cross-linked by high pressure water jet bonding.
- the strength of the nonwoven material can be adjusted.
- the wet strength of the nonwoven material can thereby be changed such that the nonwoven material or a product made therefrom, in particular a cloth, nevertheless disintegrates in water with slight movement and can thus decompose in a sewage system.
- the wet strength can also be specifically changed by changing the recycled fiber content.
- the wet strength of the nonwoven material can also be increased by the high pressure hydroentangling.
- the nonwoven material have a perforation and / or an inline structuring which is introduced into the nonwoven material by the high pressure water jet consolidation. This is achieved in particular through special drum jackets in the manufacturing plant in which the nonwoven nonwoven material is produced.
- the present invention provides a nonwoven nonwoven material which has very good wet strength, particularly wet tensile strength, excellent skin feel and excellent aesthetics, high volume or thickness, good abrasion resistance and excellent absorption properties and enables uniform liquid release.
- the increased strength improves the usability and the breaking and tear resistance of pre-moistened wipes or wipes moistened during use or improves the handling of moistened wipes and enables the finished pre-moistened Nonwoven fabric material can withstand heavy use in automated dispensing devices.
- the nonwoven nonwoven material presented here enables complete biodegradability, in particular in a sewage treatment plant or in a fermentation plant, provided that it is made exclusively from natural fibers, e.g. Cellulose fibers, cellulose, cellulose made from fibers from wooden plants and / or fibers from non-wooden plants, cotton, viscose, lyocell, recycled cellulose (in particular deinking cellulose), and other biodegradable fibers is produced and contains no synthetic fibers, in particular from plastic.
- natural fibers e.g. Cellulose fibers, cellulose, cellulose made from fibers from wooden plants and / or fibers from non-wooden plants, cotton, viscose, lyocell, recycled cellulose (in particular deinking cellulose), and other biodegradable fibers is produced and contains no synthetic fibers, in particular from plastic.
- the nonwoven fabric material presented here can in principle also contain synthetic fibers, in particular made of plastic, but is then no longer completely biodegradable.
- the nonwoven nonwoven material advantageously also does not require any special impregnation chemicals to maintain cohesion or promote disintegration in water.
- the nonwoven fabric maintains its wet strength and dispersibility in solutions with a pH in the range of about 3 to about 11.
- the nonwoven material can be impregnated with a variety of chemical solutions or chemical lotions for cleaning and personal care purposes, which is a great advantage for wipe manufacturers and also for end users.
- the present invention provides a wipe, in particular a dry wipe or a wet wipe (ie a pre-moistened wipe), which consists of a Nonwoven nonwoven material is made, which is designed according to one of claims 1 to 10.
- the cloth according to the invention which is produced from the nonwoven nonwoven material described above, has the above-mentioned advantageous properties and can therefore easily dissolve or disperse in water with moderate movement, as is present in conventional sanitary facilities, sewers and sewage treatment plants or fermentation plants or decay.
- the ability of the nonwoven nonwoven material used in the fabric manufacture to dissolve in water with moderate agitation depends on the fiber composition and fiber processing of the nonwoven material, which allows for disintegration into individual fibers or small pieces of material.
- a particular advantage is that a high wet strength, in particular a high wet tensile strength, can be achieved with pre-moistened wipes which are made from the nonwoven material presented here.
- the nonwoven material from which the cloth according to the invention is made enables complete biodegradability through the exclusive use of natural fibers, such as recycled fibers, in particular DIP, cellulose fibers, cellulose, cellulose from fibers of wooden plants and / or fibers from non-wooden plants, cotton, Viscose, Lyocell and other biodegradable fibers. It is therefore ideal for disposal and biological degradation in sanitary facilities and sewage treatment plants or fermentation plants.
- Wipes according to the invention also have an excellent skin feel and an excellent aesthetics, a high volume or a high thickness, good abrasion resistance and excellent absorption properties and also enable uniform liquid release.
- the wipes are used in such a way that they are collected after they have been used, they can be recycled again. Because plastic fibers are preferably not used in the production process, which melt together as a result of heat during the recycling process.
- wet toilet paper and wet wipes for babies were made from a non-woven nonwoven fabric as test samples.
- a nonwoven nonwoven material was created on an experimental scale by a wet-laid process (so-called wet-laid process), which was consolidated by a so-called spunlacing process and then dried and further Consolidation unrolled again and subsequently rolled up again. These test rolls were processed in a processing plant into moist toilet paper and wet wipes for infants.
- wet-laid process wet-laid process
- the fiber bonds obtained in this way significantly increase the strength of the nonwoven material and ensure that it feels almost as soft as a comparable nonwoven material made entirely of artificial fibers.
- This process step explained above is often also referred to as "spunlacing" and ultimately leads to a single-layer nonwoven material which can optionally also be structured in this process step.
- the fiber nonwoven material thus obtained is dried in a drying device, in particular in a multi-drum through-flow dryer, and then wound up in the appropriate width by means of a winding device. The rolls can also be cut into other widths if required.
- the nonwoven material for wet toilet paper was with a basis weight of 59.8 g / m 2 and the nonwoven material for the wipes was produced with a basis weight of 54.4 g / m 2 .
- the strengths of the nonwoven material for moist toilet paper are 10.6 N / 50 mm wet strength along (MD) and 5.3 N / 50 mm wet strength across (CD). Due to the higher pressure of the high-pressure water jets, the wet strengths along the fiber nonwoven material for the wipes are correspondingly higher and are 15.5 N / 50 mm lengthways (MD) and 5.2 N / 50 mm crossways (CD). As a result, the specific strength of the nonwoven material for the moist toilet paper is lower than the specific strength of the nonwoven material for the wipes.
- the nonwoven fabric material for the wet toilet paper showed a rinse ability of 98.6% and the nonwoven fabric material for the wipes had a rinse ability of 88.8%. These values are based on the EDANA guideline (so-called "Slosh Box” test), according to which flushable nonwoven nonwoven materials must be able to be dissolved to more than 60%.
- the nonwoven materials manufactured for experimental purposes are completely biodegradable and, in particular, underline the sustainability of such nonwoven materials due to the good rinsability.
- cloths can be cut from the rolls described above, brought together as a stack of cloths, and from there moistened with a lotion using appropriate packaging machines and packaged in sales units.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein nichtgewebtes Faservliesstoffmaterial, umfassend einen Faserstoffanteil von bis zu 95 Gew.-%, der aus Recyclingfasern besteht, und einen Faserstoffanteil von mindestens 5 Gew.-%, der durch natürlich nachwachsende Faserstoffe oder durch künstlich hergestellte Faserstoffe oder durch eine Kombination natürlich nachwachsender Faserstoffe und künstlich hergestellter Faserstoffe gebildet ist.The invention relates to a nonwoven nonwoven material comprising a fiber content of up to 95% by weight, which consists of recycled fibers, and a fiber content of at least 5% by weight, which is produced by naturally renewable fibers or by artificially produced fibers or by a combination of these renewable fiber and artificially produced fiber is formed.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein nichtgewebtes Faservliesstoffmaterial.The present invention relates to a nonwoven nonwoven material.
Nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterialien sind aus dem Stand der Technik in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Diese Faservliesstoffmaterialien eignen sich für zahlreiche Anwendungen in der Papier- und Textilindustrie. Sie sind üblicherweise einlagig oder mehrlagig ausgeführt und weisen in ihren einzelnen Lagen eine Struktur aus Einzelfasern auf, die zwar miteinander verbunden sind, aber nicht in einer identifizierbaren Weise, wie zum Beispiel in einem Gestrick. Faservliesstoffmaterialien können zum Beispiel durch Schmelzblasverfahren, durch Spinnverfahren, Nasslegeverfahren oder durch Trockenlegeverfahren, insbesondere in einer so genannten "Air-Laid"-Technik, hergestellt werden. Das Flächengewicht derartiger Faservliesstoffmaterialien wird in der Regel in Gramm pro Quadratmeter (g/m2) und die Faserfeinheit in Denier oder Tex angegeben.Nonwoven nonwoven materials are known from the prior art in different embodiments. These nonwoven materials are suitable for numerous applications in the paper and textile industry. They are usually made of one or more layers and have in their individual layers a structure made of individual fibers which are connected to one another but not in an identifiable manner, such as in a knitted fabric. Nonwoven materials can be produced, for example, by meltblowing processes, by spinning processes, wet-laying processes or by dry-laying processes, in particular using a so-called "air-laid" technique. The basis weight of such nonwoven materials is usually given in grams per square meter (g / m 2 ) and the fiber fineness in denier or tex.
Aus nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterialien können insbesondere Einweg-Tücher hergestellt werden, welche zum Beispiel zu Reinigungs- und Wischzwecken verwendet werden können. Weitere Anwendungsgebiete für Einweg-Tücher, die aus nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterialien hergestellt werden, sind Trockentücher, die sich zum Beispiel in Waschräumen finden lassen und mit denen ein Benutzer seine Hände abtrocknen kann. Diese Einweg-Trockentücher stellen eine Alternative zu aufgerollten Baumwoll-Trockentüchern dar, welche von einem Spender auf eine bestimmte Länge abgerollt werden, damit ein Benutzer seine Hände abtrocknen kann. Anschließend wird das Baumwoll-Trockentuch wieder in den Spender eingezogen. Die aufgerollten Baumwoll-Trockentücher werden nach dem Gebrauch gereinigt und können anschließend wiederverwendet werden.Disposable wipes, which can be used for cleaning and wiping purposes, for example, can be produced from nonwoven nonwoven materials. Further areas of application for disposable wipes that are made from nonwoven nonwoven materials are dry wipes, which can be found, for example, in washrooms and with which a user can dry their hands. These disposable dry wipes are an alternative to rolled up cotton dry wipes, which are rolled out by a dispenser to a certain length so that a user can dry his hands. The cotton drying cloth is then pulled back into the dispenser. The rolled up cotton drying cloths are cleaned after use and can then be reused.
Die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Einweg-Tücher werden häufig aus mehrlagigen, nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterialien auf Cellulosebasis hergestellt, die durch synthetische Fasern verstärkt sind, um insbesondere die Nassfestigkeit zu erhöhen. Ein Nachteil dieser Einweg-Tücher besteht darin, dass sie nicht biologisch abbaubar und darüber hinaus auch nicht recyclebar sind, da sie synthetische Fasern, die zum Beispiel aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff hergestellt sind, enthalten. Somit stellen sie auch für Abwasser- und Kläranlagen große Probleme dar.The disposable wipes known from the prior art are often produced from multi-layer, non-woven nonwoven fabric materials based on cellulose, which are reinforced by synthetic fibers, in particular to increase the wet strength. A disadvantage of these disposable wipes is that they are not biodegradable and, moreover, are not recyclable, since they contain synthetic fibers, which are made, for example, from a thermoplastic. This means that they also pose major problems for wastewater and sewage treatment plants.
Darüber hinaus können aus derartigen nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterialien auch vorbefeuchtete Einweg-Tücher (kurz: Feuchttücher) hergestellt werden, die insbesondere dann verwendet werden können, wenn Wasser nicht verfügbar ist oder nicht in bequemer Weise verwendet werden kann. Reisende und Eltern von Kleinkindern finden solche Feuchttücher häufig besonders praktisch. Eine hohe Nassfestigkeit ist auch bei dieser Anwendung wünschenswert, um zum Beispiel ein Reißen oder Durchstoßen während der Tuchausgabe aus einem Spender oder während des Gebrauchs wirksam zu verhindern.In addition, pre-moistened disposable wipes (abbreviated to wet wipes) can also be produced from such nonwoven nonwoven materials, which can be used in particular when water is not available or cannot be used in a convenient manner. Travelers and parents of small children often find such wet wipes particularly practical. High wet strength is also desirable in this application, for example to effectively prevent tearing or puncturing during dispensing of cloth from a dispenser or during use.
Das nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial wird üblicherweise in einzelne Tücher zugeschnitten. Obwohl die einzelnen Tücher grundsätzlich auch trocken verwendet werden können, werden diese typischerweise mit einer für den vorgesehenen Verwendungszweck geeigneten Chemikalienlösung gesättigt, anschließend gestapelt und in einer fluiddichten Verpackung verpackt, aus der sie zum Gebrauch entnommen werden können. Die Chemikalienlösung beinhaltet oft Bakterizide sowie Emulgatoren, pH-Puffer, Duftstoffe und dergleichen. Die flüssigkeitsdichte Verpackung hält den gesättigten Zustand der Tücher bis zu deren Gebrauch aufrecht.The nonwoven nonwoven material is usually cut into individual sheets. Although the individual wipes can in principle also be used dry, they are typically used for the intended purpose suitable chemical solution, then stacked and packed in a fluid-tight packaging from which they can be removed for use. The chemical solution often contains bactericides as well as emulsifiers, pH buffers, fragrances and the like. The liquid-tight packaging maintains the saturated state of the wipes until they are used.
Es ist wünschenswert, die vorbefeuchteten oder während des Gebrauchs befeuchteten Tücher nach dem Gebrauch über eine Kanalisation oder eine Kläranlage beziehungsweise Gärungsanlage entsorgen zu können. So müssen die vorbefeuchteten oder während des Gebrauchs von einem Benutzer befeuchteten Tücher zwar einerseits eine ausreichende Nassfestigkeit aufweisen, um bei starkem Gebrauch einem Reißen und Durchstoßen zu widerstehen. Andererseits müssen sie aber innerhalb des in einem Sanitärbereich vorhandenen, sich bewegenden Wassers auch in kleinere Stücke beziehungsweise Fasern zerfallen.It is desirable to be able to dispose of the pre-moistened or moistened wipes after use via a sewage system or a wastewater treatment plant or fermentation plant. For example, the pre-moistened wipes or those moistened by a user during use must on the one hand have sufficient wet strength to withstand tearing and puncturing during heavy use. On the other hand, they also have to disintegrate into smaller pieces or fibers within the moving water present in a sanitary area.
Vorbefeuchtete Wischtücher oder Tuchmaterialien, die sich innerhalb einer Kläranlage auflösen können, sind aus dem Stand der Technik in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Einige der vorstehend beschriebenen Wischtücher nutzen ein pH-empfindliches, wasserlösliches Bindemittel oder einen pH-empfindlichen, wasserlöslichen Kleber, um die erforderliche Nassfestigkeit während des Verpackens und während des Gebrauchs zu erreichen. Die Bindemittel solcher Feuchttücher führen zu einer Beständigkeit gegen Schwächung während der Lagerung in einer definierten pH-Lösung, sind aber viel schwächer gebunden, wenn das Tuch in eine relativ große Menge turbulentes, im Wesentlichen pH-neutrales Wasser eingetaucht wurde. Ein solches Feuchttuch ist in dem
Bei anderen Tuchmaterialien entfällt ein derartiges Bindemittel vollständig. Diese Wischtücher basieren ausschließlich auf einer Wasserstrahlverfestigung der Fasern, die das Tuchmaterial bilden, um die für die Verarbeitung und den einmaligen Gebrauch erforderliche Festigkeit zu erreichen. Solche wasserstrahlverfestigten Tuchmaterialien lösen sich bei einer Bewegung, insbesondere bei einer turbulenten Bewegung, in Wasser auf, so dass sie in einer Kanalisation und in einer Kläranlage entsorgt werden können. Ein derartiges Tuchmaterial ist zum Beispiel aus dem
Die vorliegende Erfindung macht es sich zur Aufgabe, ein nichtgewebtes Faservliesstoffmaterial zur Verfügung zu stellen, das eine verbesserte Spülbarkeit und eine hohe Festigkeit, insbesondere eine hohe Nassfestigkeit, aufweist.The object of the present invention is to provide a nonwoven nonwoven material which has improved rinsability and high strength, in particular high wet strength.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe liefert ein nichtgewebtes Faservliesstoffmaterial mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Die Unteransprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.This object is achieved by a nonwoven nonwoven material with the features of claim 1. The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es einen Faserstoffanteil von bis zu 95 Gew.-%, der aus Recyclingfasern besteht, und einen Faserstoffanteil von mindestens 5 Gew.-%, der durch natürlich nachwachsende Faserstoffe oder durch künstlich hergestellte Faserstoffe oder durch eine Kombination natürlich nachwachsender Faserstoffe und künstlich hergestellter Faserstoffe gebildet ist, umfasst. Vorzugsweise besteht das Faservliesstoffmaterial nur aus diesen Faserstoffanteilen, so dass deren Gewichtsanteile in der Summe 100 Gew.-% betragen. Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt ein nichtgewebtes Faservliesstoffmaterial zur Verfügung, welches einlagig oder mehrlagig ausgeführt sein kann und eine sehr hohe Festigkeit, insbesondere Nassfestigkeit, aufweist. Durch das Einbringen eines Faserstoffanteils aus Recyclingfasern, der gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform durch Fasern aus Deinking-Zellstoff (DIP) gebildet ist, in die Faserstoffzusammensetzung wird eine verbesserte Zersetzung, Dispersion oder Auflösung des nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterials in Wasser erreicht. Der Deinking-Zellstoff (DIP) wird häufig auch als deinkter Zellstoff bezeichnet. Bei einem Deinking-Zellstoff (DIP) handelt es sich um Zellstoff aus Recyclingpapier, das in einem so genannten Deinking-Prozess aufbereitet wird, wodurch Druckfarben und andere unerwünschte Elemente entfernt werden und die Papierfasern freigesetzt werden. Produkte, wie zum Beispiel Trockentücher oder Feuchttücher, die aus dem erfindungsgemäßen nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterial hergestellt sind, sind somit in vorteilhafter Weise für eine Entsorgung über eine Kanalisation geeignet. Sie weisen eine erheblich verbesserte Spülbarkeit (Spülfähigkeit) auf, da die in das Faservliesstoffmaterial eingebrachten Recyclingfasern eine kürzere Faserlänge als fabrikneue Fasern, die demgegenüber Langfasern bilden, aufweisen.The nonwoven nonwoven material according to the invention is characterized in that it has a fiber content of up to 95% by weight, which consists of recycled fibers, and a fiber content of at least 5 wt .-%, which is formed by naturally renewable fibers or by man-made fibers or by a combination of naturally renewable fibers and man-made fibers. The nonwoven material preferably consists only of these fiber parts, so that their total weight amounts to 100% by weight. The present invention provides a nonwoven nonwoven material which can be made in one or more layers and has a very high strength, in particular wet strength. By introducing a fiber content from recycled fibers, which according to an advantageous embodiment is formed by fibers from deinking pulp (DIP), into the fiber composition, an improved decomposition, dispersion or dissolution of the nonwoven nonwoven material in water is achieved. Deinking pulp (DIP) is often also called deinking pulp. A deinking pulp (DIP) is a pulp made from recycled paper that is processed in a deinking process, which removes printing inks and other undesirable elements and releases the paper fibers. Products such as, for example, dry wipes or wet wipes, which are produced from the nonwoven nonwoven material according to the invention, are therefore advantageously suitable for disposal via a sewer system. They have a considerably improved flushability (flushability), since the recycled fibers introduced into the nonwoven material have a shorter fiber length than brand-new fibers, which in contrast form long fibers.
Das erfindungsgemäße nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial ist in vorteilhafter Weise nicht auf synthetische Fasern, insbesondere aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, angewiesen, um eine hohe Nassbeziehungsweise Trockenfestigkeit zu erreichen. Überraschend hat es sich gezeigt, dass sich durch die Einbindung eines Faserstoffanteils aus Recyclingfasern, insbesondere eines Deinking-Zellstoffs (DIP), in die Faserstoffzusammensetzung des nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterials dessen Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit im Wasser erheblich verbessert. Die Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit kann dabei durch den Anteil des Faserstoffanteils aus Recyclingfasern, insbesondere aus Deinking-Zellstoff (DIP), als Gewichtsprozentsatz der Faserstoffzusammensetzung gezielt gesteuert werden. Durch seine Zusammensetzung ist das erfindungsgemäße Faservliesstoffmaterial in vorteilhafter Weise auch dazu in der Lage, sich unter mäßiger Bewegung in bewegtem Wasser nach kurzer Zeit in kleine Stücke und Einzelfasern zu zersetzen, so dass es problemlos über ein sanitäres Abwassersystem entsorgt werden kann.The nonwoven nonwoven material according to the invention is advantageously not dependent on synthetic fibers, in particular made of a thermoplastic, in order to maintain a high level of wetness To achieve dry strength. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the incorporation of a fiber content from recycled fibers, in particular a deinking pulp (DIP), into the fiber composition of the nonwoven nonwoven material significantly improves its rate of decay in water. The rate of disintegration can be controlled in a targeted manner by the proportion of the fiber content from recycled fibers, in particular deinking pulp (DIP), as a percentage by weight of the fiber composition. Due to its composition, the nonwoven fabric material according to the invention is advantageously also able to decompose into small pieces and individual fibers after a short time with moderate movement in moving water, so that it can be disposed of easily via a sanitary sewage system.
Das erfindungsgemäße nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial kann im trockenen, vorbefeuchteten oder durch einen Benutzer angefeuchteten Zustand verwendet werden, so dass es sich zum Beispiel zur Herstellung von Trockentüchern und vorbefeuchteten Tüchern (kurz: Feuchttüchern) eignet, die für einen Einmalgebrauch oder auch für einen Mehrfachgebrauch vorgesehen sind.The nonwoven nonwoven material according to the invention can be used in the dry, pre-moistened or moistened state by a user, so that it is suitable, for example, for the production of dry wipes and pre-moistened wipes (in short: wipes) which are intended for single use or also for multiple use.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann vorgesehen sein, dass der minimale Faserstoffanteil, der aus Recyclingfasern besteht, zwischen 5 Gew.-% und 30 Gew.-%, vorzugweise zwischen 5 Gew.-% und 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere zwischen 5 Gew.-% und 70 Gew.-%, liegt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich ein minimaler Faserstoffanteil aus Recyclingfasern von mindestens 30 Gew.-%, insbesondere von mindestens 50 Gew.-%, positiv auf die Spülbarkeit des nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterials auswirkt.In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the minimum fiber content, which consists of recycled fibers, is between 5% by weight and 30% by weight, preferably between 5% by weight and 50% by weight, in particular between 5% by weight. -% and 70 wt .-%. It has been shown that a minimum fiber content from recycled fibers of at least 30% by weight, in particular of at least 50% by weight, has a positive effect on the rinsability of the nonwoven nonwoven material.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Faserstoffanteil, der durch natürlich nachwachsende Faserstoffe gebildet ist oder diese enthält, Fasern hölzerner Pflanzen und/oder Fasern nicht-hölzerner Pflanzen aufweist. Die natürlichen Cellulosefasern stammen somit aus natürlichen Quellen, wie zum Beispiel hölzernen und nicht-hölzernen Pflanzen. Zu den hölzernen Pflanzen gehören insbesondere Laub- und Nadelbäume. Nichthölzerne Pflanzen sind zum Beispiel Baumwollpflanzen, Flachs, Esparto-Gras, Sisal, Abaca, Seidenpflanzen, Stroh, Jute, Hanf und Bagasse. Diese Aufzählung ist ausdrücklich nicht als abschließend zu verstehen.In a preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the proportion of fibrous material which is formed by or contains naturally renewable fibrous materials comprises fibers from wooden plants and / or fibers from non-wooden plants. The natural cellulose fibers thus come from natural sources, such as wooden and non-wooden plants. Wooden plants include deciduous and coniferous trees in particular. Non-woody plants include cotton plants, flax, esparto grass, sisal, abaca, silk plants, straw, jute, hemp and bagasse. This list is expressly not to be understood as exhaustive.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird vorgeschlagen, dass die künstlich hergestellten Faserstoffe aus einer Gruppe von Faserstoffen ausgewählt sind, die biologisch abbaubar sind. Dadurch ist in vorteilhafter Weise eine vollständige biologische Abbaubarkeit des Faservliesstoffmaterials möglich.In a preferred embodiment it is proposed that the artificially produced fiber materials are selected from a group of fiber materials that are biodegradable. As a result, complete biodegradability of the nonwoven material is advantageously possible.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform können die künstlich hergestellten Faserstoffe durch Regeneratfasern, insbesondere durch Lyocell-Fasern oder durch Viskose-Fasern, gebildet sein. Bei einer Regeneratcellulose, welche die Regeneratfasern enthält, handelt es sich um eine künstlich hergestellte Cellulose aus natürlichen Rohstoffen. Diese wird durch chemische Behandlung von natürlicher Cellulose aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen erhalten, um ein lösliches chemisches Derivat oder eine Zwischenverbindung zu bilden. Anschließend wird dieses Derivat zersetzt, um die Cellulose zu regenerieren. Regeneratcellulose beinhaltet zum Beispiel einen Spinnvliesstoff und Regeneratcelluloseprozesse beinhalten zum Beispiel den Viskose-Prozess. Bei dem hier vorgestellten nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterial ist somit in vorteilhafter Weise eine sehr gute biologische Abbaubarkeit gegeben, sofern nur natürliche und zellstoffbasierte Rohstoffe zur Herstellung verwendet werden.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the artificially produced fibrous materials can be formed by regenerated fibers, in particular by lyocell fibers or by viscose fibers. Regenerated cellulose, which contains the regenerated fibers, is an artificially produced cellulose made from natural raw materials. This is obtained by chemical treatment of natural cellulose from renewable raw materials to form a soluble chemical derivative or an intermediate compound. This derivative is then decomposed to regenerate the cellulose. For example, regenerated cellulose contains a spunbonded nonwoven and regenerated cellulose processes include, for example, the viscose process. The nonwoven nonwoven material presented here is thus advantageously a very good one biodegradability provided that only natural and pulp-based raw materials are used for production.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Faservliesstoffmaterial ein Flächengewicht im Bereich von etwa 30 bis etwa 120 Gramm pro Quadratmeter aufweist. Es ist in der Lage, sich unter mäßiger Bewegung in Wasser zu zersetzen oder zu dispergieren oder aufzubrechen. Dieses kann - wie oben bereits erwähnt - in vorteilhafter Weise durch eine Variation des Recyclingfaseranteils, insbesondere des DIP-Anteils, in der Zusammensetzung des Faserstoffanteils des nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterials gesteuert werden. Ein möglichst hoher Recyclingfaseranteil begünstigt dabei den wasserinduzierten Zerfall des Faservliesstoffmaterials, da dieser Recyclingfaseranteil zu einem hohen Gehalt von Kurzfasern in der Faserstoffzusammensetzung führt.In an advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the nonwoven material have a basis weight in the range from approximately 30 to approximately 120 grams per square meter. It is capable of decomposing or dispersing or breaking up in water with moderate agitation. As already mentioned above, this can be controlled in an advantageous manner by varying the proportion of recycled fibers, in particular the proportion of DIP, in the composition of the proportion of fibers in the nonwoven nonwoven material. The highest possible proportion of recycled fiber favors the water-induced disintegration of the nonwoven material, since this recycled fiber content leads to a high content of short fibers in the fiber composition.
Das hier vorgestellte nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial ist insbesondere für eine Herstellung in einem Nasslegeverfahren geeignet. Insbesondere kann es sich um ein so genanntes Spunlaced-Faservliesstoffmaterial handeln. Alternativ kann das nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial auch durch ein Trockenlegeverfahren, insbesondere in einer so genannten "Air-Laid"-Technik hergestellt werden. Nasslegeverfahren und Trockenlegeverfahren sind dem Fachmann grundsätzlich bekannt, so dass diese an dieser Stelle nicht ausführlich erläutert werden müssen.The nonwoven nonwoven material presented here is particularly suitable for production in a wet laying process. In particular, it can be a so-called spunlaced nonwoven material. Alternatively, the nonwoven nonwoven material can also be produced by a dry-laying process, in particular using a so-called "air-laid" technique. Wet-laying processes and dry-laying processes are basically known to the person skilled in the art, so that they do not have to be explained in detail here.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Fasern des Faservliesstoffmaterials durch Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlverfestigung miteinander vernetzt sind. Durch eine entsprechende Wahl der spezifischen Energie der Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlen, mit denen das nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial beaufschlagt und dadurch wasserstrahlverfestigt wird, kann die Festigkeit des Faservliesstoffmaterials angepasst werden. Insbesondere kann dadurch die Nassfestigkeit des Faservliesstoffmaterials derart verändert werden, dass das Faservliesstoffmaterial beziehungsweise ein daraus hergestelltes Produkt, insbesondere ein Tuch, dennoch in Wasser bei leichter Bewegung zerfällt und sich so in einem Abwassersystem zersetzen kann. Durch eine Veränderung des Recyclingfaseranteils kann die Nassfestigkeit ebenfalls gezielt verändert werden. Optional kann die Nassfestigkeit des Faservliesstoffmaterials durch die Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlverfestigung auch erhöht werden.In a particularly advantageous embodiment it can be provided that the fibers of the nonwoven material are cross-linked by high pressure water jet bonding. By appropriate selection of the specific energy of the high pressure water jets with which the non-woven nonwoven material acted upon and thereby water jet consolidated, the strength of the nonwoven material can be adjusted. In particular, the wet strength of the nonwoven material can thereby be changed such that the nonwoven material or a product made therefrom, in particular a cloth, nevertheless disintegrates in water with slight movement and can thus decompose in a sewage system. The wet strength can also be specifically changed by changing the recycled fiber content. Optionally, the wet strength of the nonwoven material can also be increased by the high pressure hydroentangling.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Faservliesstoffmaterial eine Perforation und/oder eine Inline-Strukturierung aufweist, die durch die Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlverfestigung in das Faservliesstoffmaterial eingebracht ist. Dieses wird insbesondere über spezielle Trommelmäntel in der Herstellungsanlage, in der das nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial produziert wird, erreicht.In an advantageous development, it is proposed that the nonwoven material have a perforation and / or an inline structuring which is introduced into the nonwoven material by the high pressure water jet consolidation. This is achieved in particular through special drum jackets in the manufacturing plant in which the nonwoven nonwoven material is produced.
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt ein nichtgewebtes Faservliesstoffmaterial zur Verfügung, welches eine sehr gute Nassfestigkeit, insbesondere Nasszugfestigkeit, ein ausgezeichnetes Hautgefühl und eine hervorragende Ästhetik, ein hohes Volumen oder eine hohe Dicke, eine gute Abriebfestigkeit und hervorragende Absorptionseigenschaften aufweist und eine gleichmäßige Flüssigkeitsfreisetzung ermöglicht. Die erhöhte Festigkeit verbessert die Gebrauchstauglichkeit und die Bruch- und Reißfestigkeit vorbefeuchteter Tücher oder während des Gebrauchs befeuchteter Tücher beziehungsweise verbessert die Handhabung befeuchteter Tücher und ermöglicht es, dass das fertige vorbefeuchtete Faservliesstoffmaterial einer starken Beanspruchung in automatisierten Spendervorrichtungen standhalten kann.The present invention provides a nonwoven nonwoven material which has very good wet strength, particularly wet tensile strength, excellent skin feel and excellent aesthetics, high volume or thickness, good abrasion resistance and excellent absorption properties and enables uniform liquid release. The increased strength improves the usability and the breaking and tear resistance of pre-moistened wipes or wipes moistened during use or improves the handling of moistened wipes and enables the finished pre-moistened Nonwoven fabric material can withstand heavy use in automated dispensing devices.
Das hier vorgestellte nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial ermöglicht eine vollständige biologische Abbaubarkeit, insbesondere in einer Kläranlage beziehungsweise in einer Gärungsanlage, sofern es ausschließlich aus natürlichen Fasern, wie z.B. Cellulosefasern, Zellstoff, Zellstoff aus Fasern hölzerner Pflanzen und/oder Fasern nicht-hölzerner Pflanzen, Baumwolle, Viskose, Lyocell, Recyclingzellstoff (insbesondere Deinking-Zellstoff), und anderen biologisch abbaubaren Fasern hergestellt ist und keine synthetischen Fasern, insbesondere aus Kunststoff, enthält.The nonwoven nonwoven material presented here enables complete biodegradability, in particular in a sewage treatment plant or in a fermentation plant, provided that it is made exclusively from natural fibers, e.g. Cellulose fibers, cellulose, cellulose made from fibers from wooden plants and / or fibers from non-wooden plants, cotton, viscose, lyocell, recycled cellulose (in particular deinking cellulose), and other biodegradable fibers is produced and contains no synthetic fibers, in particular from plastic.
Das hier vorgestellte Faservliesstoffmaterial kann in bestimmten Ausführungsformen grundsätzlich jedoch auch synthetische Fasern, insbesondere aus Kunststoff, enthalten, ist dann aber nicht mehr vollständig biologisch abbaubar.In certain embodiments, however, the nonwoven fabric material presented here can in principle also contain synthetic fibers, in particular made of plastic, but is then no longer completely biodegradable.
Das nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterial erfordert überdies in vorteilhafter Weise keine speziellen Imprägnierungschemikalien, um die Kohäsion zu erhalten oder den Zerfall in Wasser zu fördern. Das Faservliesstoffmaterial behält seine Nassfestigkeit und Dispergierbarkeit in Lösungen mit einem pH-Wert im Bereich von etwa 3 bis etwa 11 bei. So kann das Faservliesstoffmaterial mit einer Vielzahl von Chemikalienlösungen oder chemischen Lotionen für Reinigungs- und Körperpflegezwecke imprägniert werden, was für Wischtuchhersteller und auch für Endverbraucher von großem Vorteil ist.The nonwoven nonwoven material advantageously also does not require any special impregnation chemicals to maintain cohesion or promote disintegration in water. The nonwoven fabric maintains its wet strength and dispersibility in solutions with a pH in the range of about 3 to about 11. The nonwoven material can be impregnated with a variety of chemical solutions or chemical lotions for cleaning and personal care purposes, which is a great advantage for wipe manufacturers and also for end users.
Darüber hinaus stellt die vorliegende Erfindung ein Tuch, insbesondere ein Trockentuch oder ein Feuchttuch (d. h. ein vorbefeuchtetes Tuch) zur Verfügung, welches aus einem nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterial hergestellt ist, das nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 ausgeführt ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Tuch, das aus dem vorstehend beschriebenen nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterial hergestellt ist, weist die oben genannten vorteilhaften Eigenschaften auf und kann sich somit auch in Wasser bei mäßiger Bewegung, wie sie in herkömmlichen Sanitäranlagen, Abwasserkanälen und Kläranlagen beziehungsweise Gärungsanlagen vorhanden ist, leicht auflösen oder dispergieren oder zerfallen. Die Fähigkeit des zur Tuchherstellung verwendeten nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterials, sich unter mäßiger Bewegung in Wasser aufzulösen, hängt von der Faserzusammensetzung und Faserverarbeitung des Faservliesstoffmaterials ab, die ein Auflösen in einzelne Fasern oder kleine Materialstücke ermöglichen. Ein besonderer Vorteil besteht darin, dass bei vorbefeuchteten Tüchern, die aus dem hier vorgestellten Faservliesstoffmaterial hergestellt sind, eine hohe Nassfestigkeit, insbesondere eine hohe Nasszugfestigkeit, erreicht werden kann. Das Faservliesstoffmaterial, aus dem das erfindungsgemäße Tuch hergestellt ist, ermöglicht eine vollständige biologische Abbaubarkeit durch die ausschließliche Verwendung natürlicher Fasern, wie z.B. Recyclingfasern, insbesondere DIP, Cellulosefasern, Zellstoff, Zellstoff aus Fasern hölzerner Pflanzen und/oder Fasern nicht-hölzerner Pflanzen, Baumwolle, Viskose, Lyocell und anderer biologisch abbaubarer Fasern. Es eignet sich daher hervorragend für die Entsorgung und den biologischen Abbau in Sanitäranlagen und Kläranlagen beziehungsweise Gärungsanlagen. Erfindungsgemäße Tücher weisen zudem ein ausgezeichnetes Hautgefühl und eine hervorragende Ästhetik, ein hohes Volumen oder eine hohe Dicke, eine gute Abriebfestigkeit und hervorragende Absorptionseigenschaften auf und ermöglichen zudem eine gleichmäßige Flüssigkeitsfreisetzung.In addition, the present invention provides a wipe, in particular a dry wipe or a wet wipe (ie a pre-moistened wipe), which consists of a Nonwoven nonwoven material is made, which is designed according to one of claims 1 to 10. The cloth according to the invention, which is produced from the nonwoven nonwoven material described above, has the above-mentioned advantageous properties and can therefore easily dissolve or disperse in water with moderate movement, as is present in conventional sanitary facilities, sewers and sewage treatment plants or fermentation plants or decay. The ability of the nonwoven nonwoven material used in the fabric manufacture to dissolve in water with moderate agitation depends on the fiber composition and fiber processing of the nonwoven material, which allows for disintegration into individual fibers or small pieces of material. A particular advantage is that a high wet strength, in particular a high wet tensile strength, can be achieved with pre-moistened wipes which are made from the nonwoven material presented here. The nonwoven material from which the cloth according to the invention is made enables complete biodegradability through the exclusive use of natural fibers, such as recycled fibers, in particular DIP, cellulose fibers, cellulose, cellulose from fibers of wooden plants and / or fibers from non-wooden plants, cotton, Viscose, Lyocell and other biodegradable fibers. It is therefore ideal for disposal and biological degradation in sanitary facilities and sewage treatment plants or fermentation plants. Wipes according to the invention also have an excellent skin feel and an excellent aesthetics, a high volume or a high thickness, good abrasion resistance and excellent absorption properties and also enable uniform liquid release.
Werden die Tücher so eingesetzt, dass sie nach ihrer Verwendung gesammelt werden, können diese wieder recycelt werden. Denn bei der Herstellung werden vorzugsweise keine Kunststofffasern verwendet, die durch eine Hitzeeinwirkung während des Recycling-Prozesses miteinander verschmelzen.If the wipes are used in such a way that they are collected after they have been used, they can be recycled again. Because plastic fibers are preferably not used in the production process, which melt together as a result of heat during the recycling process.
Nachfolgend sollen weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.In the following, further features and advantages of the present invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment.
Zu Versuchszwecken wurden als Versuchsproben feuchtes Toilettenpapier sowie feuchte Wischtücher für Säuglinge aus einem nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterial hergestellt.For experimental purposes, wet toilet paper and wet wipes for babies were made from a non-woven nonwoven fabric as test samples.
Zur Herstellung eines nichtgewebten Faservliesstoffmaterials aus recyceltem Altpapier (DIP) wurde im Versuchsmaßstab durch ein Nasslegeverfahren (so genannter Wet-Laid-Prozess) in einem ersten Schritt ein Faservliesstoffmaterial erzeugt, welches durch ein so genanntes Spunlacing-Verfahren verfestigt und im Nachgang zur Trocknung und weiteren Verfestigung wieder abgerollt und nachfolgend wieder aufgerollt wurde. Diese Versuchsrollen wurden in einer Verarbeitungsanlage zu feuchtem Toilettenpapier und feuchten Wischtüchern für Säuglinge verarbeitet.For the production of a nonwoven nonwoven material from recycled waste paper (DIP), a nonwoven material was created on an experimental scale by a wet-laid process (so-called wet-laid process), which was consolidated by a so-called spunlacing process and then dried and further Consolidation unrolled again and subsequently rolled up again. These test rolls were processed in a processing plant into moist toilet paper and wet wipes for infants.
Nachfolgend sollen weitere Einzelheiten des Herstellungsprozesses erläutert werden.Further details of the manufacturing process will be explained below.
Zunächst wurden in einem Pulper recyceltes Altpapier (DIP) und Viskose zusammen aufgelöst und in einem Vorratsbehältnis gespeichert. Durch ein variables Ein- bis Dreikammer-System in einem Formieraggregat wurde je Versuch eine Mischung aus 80% recyceltem Altpapier (DIP) und 20% Viskose für feuchtes Toilettenpapier und aus 70% recyceltem Altpapier (DIP) und 30% Viskose für die feuchten Wischtücher für Säuglinge eingestellt.First, recycled waste paper (DIP) and viscose were dissolved together in a pulper and stored in a storage container. With a variable one- to three-chamber system in a forming unit, a mixture of 80% Recycled waste paper (DIP) and 20% viscose for moist toilet paper and made from 70% recycled waste paper (DIP) and 30% viscose for the wet wipes for infants.
Diese Suspensionen aus Fasern und Wasser wurden auf eine sehr niedrige Konsistenz verdünnt, vom Vorratsbehältnis zum Formieraggregat gepumpt und über einen Stoffauflauf, der aufgrund der Vorvermischung auf eine Kammer eingestellt wurde, auf ein rotierendes Sieb übertragen. Dadurch bildete sich in einem einzelnen Schritt eine gemischte, aber homogene Fasermatte, die im Anschluss durch Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlverfestigung in allen drei Dimensionen wasserstrahlverfestigt wurde (so genanntes Hydroentanglement). Das Faservliesstoffmaterial für das feuchte Toilettenpapier wurde mit einem Gesamtdruck in Höhe von 135 bar beaufschlagt und das Faservliesstoffmaterial für die feuchten Wischtücher für Säuglinge wurde mit einem Gesamtdruck von 230 bar beaufschlagt. Die auf diese Weise erhaltenen Faserbindungen erhöhen wesentlich die Festigkeiten des Faservliesstoffmaterials und sorgen dafür, dass es sich nahezu so weich anfühlt, wie ein vergleichbares, ausschließlich aus künstlichen Faserstoffen aufgebautes Faservliesstoffmaterial. Dieser vorstehend erläuterte Prozessschritt wird häufig auch als "Spunlacing" bezeichnet und führt schlussendlich zu einem einlagigen Faservliesstoffmaterial, welches in diesem Prozessschritt optional auch strukturiert werden kann. Das so erhaltene Faservliesstoffmaterial wird in einer Trocknungseinrichtung, insbesondere in einem Mehrtrommel-Durchströmtrockner, getrocknet und im Anschluss mittels einer Aufwickelvorrichtung in der entsprechenden Breite aufgewickelt. Die Rollen können bei Bedarf auch in andere Breiten geschnitten werden.These suspensions of fibers and water were diluted to a very low consistency, pumped from the storage container to the forming unit and transferred to a rotating sieve via a headbox, which was adjusted to a chamber due to the premixing. As a result, a mixed but homogeneous fiber mat was formed in a single step, which was then water jet hardened in all three dimensions by high-pressure water jet consolidation (so-called hydroentanglement). The nonwoven fabric material for the moist toilet paper was subjected to a total pressure of 135 bar and the nonwoven fabric material for the wet wipes for infants was subjected to a total pressure of 230 bar. The fiber bonds obtained in this way significantly increase the strength of the nonwoven material and ensure that it feels almost as soft as a comparable nonwoven material made entirely of artificial fibers. This process step explained above is often also referred to as "spunlacing" and ultimately leads to a single-layer nonwoven material which can optionally also be structured in this process step. The fiber nonwoven material thus obtained is dried in a drying device, in particular in a multi-drum through-flow dryer, and then wound up in the appropriate width by means of a winding device. The rolls can also be cut into other widths if required.
Das Faservliesstoffmaterial für feuchtes Toilettenpapier wurde mit einem Flächengewicht von 59,8 g/m2 und das Faservliesstoffmaterial für die Wischtücher wurde mit einem Flächengewicht von 54,4 g/m2 produziert. Die erlangten Festigkeiten des Faservliesstoffmaterials für feuchtes Toilettenpapier belaufen sich auf 10,6 N/50 mm Nassfestigkeit längs (MD) und 5,3 N/50 mm Nassfestigkeit quer (CD). Aufgrund des höher eingestellten Drucks der Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlen sind die Nassfestigkeiten längs bei dem Faservliesstoffmaterial für die Wischtücher auch entsprechend höher und betragen 15,5 N/50 mm längs (MD) und 5,2 N/50 mm quer (CD). Die spezifische Festigkeit des Faservliesstoffmaterials für das feuchte Toilettenpapier ist somit im Ergebnis geringer als die spezifische Festigkeit des Faservliesstoffmaterials für die Wischtücher.The nonwoven material for wet toilet paper was with a basis weight of 59.8 g / m 2 and the nonwoven material for the wipes was produced with a basis weight of 54.4 g / m 2 . The strengths of the nonwoven material for moist toilet paper are 10.6 N / 50 mm wet strength along (MD) and 5.3 N / 50 mm wet strength across (CD). Due to the higher pressure of the high-pressure water jets, the wet strengths along the fiber nonwoven material for the wipes are correspondingly higher and are 15.5 N / 50 mm lengthways (MD) and 5.2 N / 50 mm crossways (CD). As a result, the specific strength of the nonwoven material for the moist toilet paper is lower than the specific strength of the nonwoven material for the wipes.
Des Weiteren konnte bei beiden zu Versuchszwecken verwendeten Faservliesstoffmaterialien eine gute Spülbarkeit experimentell nachgewiesen werden. Das Faservliesstoffmaterial für das feuchte Toilettenpapier zeigte eine Spülbarkeit von 98,6% und das Faservliesstoffmaterial für die Wischtücher hatte eine Spülbarkeit von 88,8%. Diese Werte basieren auf der EDANA-Richtlinie (so genannter "Slosh-Box"-Test), nach der spülbare nichtgewebte Faservliesstoffmaterialien zu über 60% auflösbar sein müssen.Furthermore, good rinsability could be demonstrated experimentally with both fiber nonwoven materials used for experimental purposes. The nonwoven fabric material for the wet toilet paper showed a rinse ability of 98.6% and the nonwoven fabric material for the wipes had a rinse ability of 88.8%. These values are based on the EDANA guideline (so-called "Slosh Box" test), according to which flushable nonwoven nonwoven materials must be able to be dissolved to more than 60%.
Die zu Versuchszwecken hergestellten Faservliesstoffmaterialien sind aufgrund ihrer Zusammensetzung vollständig biologisch abbaubar und unterstreichen auch insbesondere durch die gute Spülbarkeit die Nachhaltigkeit derartiger Faservliesstoffmaterialien.Due to their composition, the nonwoven materials manufactured for experimental purposes are completely biodegradable and, in particular, underline the sustainability of such nonwoven materials due to the good rinsability.
Aus den oben beschriebenen Rollen können in der weiteren Papierverarbeitung Tücher geschnitten, als Tuchstapel zusammengeführt und von dort aus mittels entsprechender Verpackungsmaschinen mit einer Lotion befeuchtet und in Verkaufseinheiten verpackt werden.In the further paper processing, cloths can be cut from the rolls described above, brought together as a stack of cloths, and from there moistened with a lotion using appropriate packaging machines and packaged in sales units.
Claims (11)
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EP4223919A1 (en) * | 2022-02-04 | 2023-08-09 | Wepa Professional GmbH | Nonwoven fibrous material |
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US20180223461A1 (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2018-08-09 | Suominen Corporation | Multi-ply dispersible nonwoven material |
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