EP3688431A1 - Systeme et procede de calorimetrie a determination multiple de flux de chaleur - Google Patents
Systeme et procede de calorimetrie a determination multiple de flux de chaleurInfo
- Publication number
- EP3688431A1 EP3688431A1 EP18755523.0A EP18755523A EP3688431A1 EP 3688431 A1 EP3688431 A1 EP 3688431A1 EP 18755523 A EP18755523 A EP 18755523A EP 3688431 A1 EP3688431 A1 EP 3688431A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- enclosure
- determining
- calorimetry system
- heat
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/48—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation
- G01N25/4846—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation for a motionless, e.g. solid sample
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/04—Dairy products
Definitions
- a calorimetry system configured to implement at least two methods for determining heat flow.
- the invention relates to a heat flux determination method implementing such a system.
- control of these temperatures has become a major issue and one of the main research areas in the agri-food sector and in particular for the dairy industries. More generally, the control of these heat releases is important for any body having a biological activity resulting in the generation of a heat flow.
- the heat flux generated by this biological activity is low, especially less than 1 Watt. Therefore, the measurement of such a low level of heat flow is not easy and requires a measurement system specifically adapted to such a low power level.
- the products are preferably ventilated or stirred with air to dissipate the heat generated.
- This breakdown is however configured to do not dry products, especially when the products are soft cheeses. Therefore, to obtain heat flow measurements consistent with the product storage mode, the measurement system is preferably configured to reproduce these conditions.
- a calorimetric cell comprising an isothermal chamber in which a product can be arranged. Thermocouples are arranged at the level of the isothermal chamber to allow a differential measurement between the inside and the outside of the isothermal chamber.
- a calorimetric cell does not include ventilation inside the space where the product is arranged so that the measurement conditions do not make it possible to measure the heat flow of a product from its breathing. or its biological activity.
- the calorimetric cell does not make it possible to check the measurements made by a measuring device of a different nature or by additional sensors having a different location.
- the invention relates to a calorimetry system for determining a heat flux of less than 1W generated by at least one body, comprising:
- a measuring chamber for receiving the body
- At least two devices for determining the heat flow generated by the body from:
- a direct determination device configured to implement a method for determining the flow of heat by direct measurement
- a first indirect determination device configured to implement a method of determining heat flow by thermal balance
- a second device for indirect determination by confinement configured to implement a method for determining the heat flow by confinement.
- Such a calorimetry system makes it possible to accurately measure the heat flux generated by the body in order to optimize the storage of the bodies in order to avoid losses due to excessive heat generation. Indeed, in the case of a cheese, knowledge of the heat generated by the cheese makes it possible to establish and control a better arrangement of cheese on storage pallets and adjust the temperatures adapted to their good conservation.
- the direct determination device comprises at least one flowmeter disposed near the body.
- the first indirect determination device comprises at least one temperature sensor disposed at an inlet of the enclosure and at least one other temperature sensor disposed at an outlet. of the enclosure.
- the method of determining heat flow by heat balance comprises a step of comparing a temperature measured at an input of the enclosure at a measured temperature at an output of the enclosure.
- the second indirect determination device comprises at least one temperature sensor configured to determine a temperature inside or on the surface of the body, the method for determining the heat flow by confinement. further comprising a step of measuring a temperature within the body or on the surface of the body.
- the method of determining the heat flow by confinement comprises a step of measuring a temperature inside the enclosure when the enclosure is closed.
- the second indirect determination device comprises:
- a temperature sensor inside the enclosure.
- this comprises the direct determination device, the thermal balance determination device and the confinement determination device so that the calorimetry system is configured to selectively or simultaneously determine the heat flux generated by the body by measuring the flow meter, heat balance or by confinement.
- the calorimetry system further comprises a ventilation device configured to circulate an air flow between an inlet and an outlet of the enclosure.
- the ventilation device is configured to circulate the flow of air inside the enclosure at a flow rate of less than 0.5 m / s.
- the calorimetry system further comprises a device for regulating the temperature of the air flow circulating between the inlet and the outlet of the enclosure.
- the temperature control device comprises: a heat exchanger for regulating the air admitted inside the calorimetry system at a first temperature
- a heating device for heating the air coming from the heat exchanger to a second desired temperature value for circulating in the chamber, the first temperature value being lower than the second temperature.
- the calorimetry system further comprises a device for regulating the humidity inside the enclosure.
- the latter further comprises a perforated support for supporting the body inside the chamber to allow a gas to be rejected or absorbed by the body.
- the invention also relates to a method for determining the thermal power associated with the generation of a heat flux of less than 1W by at least one body, comprising the following steps:
- the adjustment step is renewed during or after the determination step to adjust said at least two determination devices in another configuration.
- the invention further relates to a use of the calorimetry system as described above wherein said at least one body is an organic body generating a heat flux of less than 1W.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents an enclosure for measuring a calorimetry system according to the invention.
- Figures 2 and 3 schematically show a front view and cross section, respectively, of the calorimetry system of Figure 1.
- a calorimetry system 10 comprises a measurement chamber 12 for receiving at least one body 14.
- the calorimetry system 10 is configured for the determination of a heat flux less than 1W generated by at least one body disposed inside the measuring chamber 12.
- the calorimetry system 10 is configured to determine a heat flow generated by a biological or respiratory activity of the body.
- the body 14 is an organic body, of the soft cheese type such as a camembert or a goat's log.
- body 14 may be a fruit, vegetable or other body still having biological or respiratory activity when stored for use or consumption.
- a plurality of bodies 14 may be disposed inside the enclosure 12.
- the plurality of bodies 14 may release a heat flux greater than 1 W, in particular up to 2 W for a amount of eight cheeses in the chamber 12.
- the calorimetry system 10 is configured to measure a heat flux of less than or equal to 1W, which it has been generated by one or more bodies 14. Therefore, the calorimetry system 10 has a measurement accuracy of less than 1 W for at least two different types of measurements.
- the calibration of the device can be modified in order to measure a heat flux greater than 1 W. It should be noted that the intrinsic accuracy of the measurement sensors makes the measurement of a heat flow greater than 1W easier than a heat flux of less than 1W.
- the chamber 12 is preferably isolated to form an adiabatic or quasi-adiabatic enclosure.
- the enclosure 12 comprises walls configured to limit heat exchange with the outside of the enclosure 12.
- the body 14 may be arranged on a support 15 for supporting the body 14 inside the enclosure 12.
- the support 15 is preferably perforated to allow a gas to be discharged from or absorbed by the body 14.
- the biological activity or breathing of the body 14 may result in the rejection of gases that it is preferable to evacuate to ensure optimal conditions of conservation body 14, especially when the body is a cheese.
- the support 15 is perforated makes it possible to dissipate the heat generated by the body more easily.
- the support 15 is preferably an insert element inside the enclosure 12.
- the calorimetry system 10 may comprise a plurality of supports 15 making it possible to have a plurality of bodies 14 inside the enclosure 12.
- supports 15 may be of identical or different heights so as to have the plurality of bodies 14 on several stages and thus optimize the available volume inside the enclosure 12.
- the support 15 may be formed by a wall of the enclosure 12.
- the body 14 can be disposed on a lower wall of the enclosure 12.
- the measurement chamber 12 comprises an inlet orifice 18 and an outlet orifice 20 allowing air or a gas to enter and leave the chamber 12 respectively.
- inlet and outlet ports 18 allow an air flow to flow through the enclosure 12.
- the inlet and outlet ports 20 and 20 are formed so that a flow of air passing through the chamber 12 meets said at least one body 14. More preferably, the inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 are arranged so that the flow of air or gas passes through a central zone of the chamber 12
- the inlet and outlet orifices 18 may comprise a stabilizing member 22 to make it possible to stabilize a flow of air or gas passing through the inlet and outlet orifices 18 and 20.
- the stabilization member 22 makes it possible to reduce or avoid air disturbances around the sensor or sensors so as to improve the accuracy of the measurements of this or these sensors.
- the stabilizing members 22 are preferably made of a "honeycomb" type material.
- the calorimetry system 10 also preferably comprises a first 24 and a second 26 buffer zones disposed respectively on either side of the enclosure 12.
- the first buffer zone 24 is in fluid communication with the enclosure 12 via the inlet port 18 and the second buffer zone 26 is in fluid communication with the enclosure 12 via the outlet orifice 20.
- the first 24 and second 26 buffer zones are respectively disposed upstream and downstream of the chamber 12 relative to a flow of air or gas flowing from the orifice 18 to the outlet 20.
- the first 24 and second 26 buffer zones stabilize the flow of air upstream and downstream of the enclosure to allow the flow of air flowing in the interior of the pregnant to be the least turbulent possible.
- each of the first 24 and second 26 buffer zones comprises a through hole 28 allowing a flow of air or gas to enter the interior of the first buffer zone 24 and exit the second buffer zone 26 , respectively.
- the calorimetry system 10 comprises at least two devices for determining the heat flux generated by the body 14. These determination devices comprise a direct determination device configured to implement a method of determining the heat flux per measurement. direct, a first indirect determination device configured to implement a method of determining heat flow by thermal balance and a second device for indirect determination by confinement configured to implement a method of determining the heat flow by confinement.
- thermal balance is understood to mean comparing a temperature measurement made upstream of the enclosure 12 and another temperature measurement performed downstream of the enclosure 12 to determine the amount of heat generated by the body 14 disposed in the enclosure 12.
- confinement means closing the enclosure 12 and measuring a plurality of successive temperature values inside the enclosure 12 close.
- the calorimetry system 10 is configured for the selective implementation of at least two different methods for determining a heat flow of less than 1 Watt.
- This choice can be made according to the type of body 14 measured, the number of bodies 14 measured but also their arrangement inside the chamber 12 of measured.
- the choice of the determination method is an important asset to best adapt the determination method to the measured bodies 14.
- the determining devices can be implemented in a combined or separate manner.
- Combined use allows the simultaneous determination of either the same heat flow in two different ways, or several heat flows generated by different bodies so that the measurement protocol can be shortened and thus made more efficient.
- a first measurement can be made and then compared to a second measurement performed by a different determination device.
- the direct determination device preferably comprises at least one flowmeter 16 disposed near the body.
- the flowmeter 16 is disposed directly in contact with the body 14.
- the calorimetry system 10 comprises a plurality of bodies 14, it is preferable to have a flowmeter 16 in contact with each of the bodies 14 whose heat flux is generated. to be measured by direct determination.
- the first indirect determination device preferably comprises at least one temperature sensor 30 disposed at an inlet of the enclosure 12 and at least one other temperature sensor 30 disposed at an outlet of the enclosure 12.
- the inlet and the outlet of the enclosure 12 correspond preferably to the first 24 and second 26 buffer zones.
- a temperature sensor 30 is preferably disposed within each of the first 24 and second 26 buffer zones.
- the second indirect determination device preferably comprises at least one temperature sensor 30 configured to determine a temperature inside or on the surface of the body 14 so that the temperature inside or on the surface of the body 14 can be measured.
- the second indirect determination device may comprise means for occluding an inlet and an outlet of the enclosure 12.
- the calorimetry system 10 comprises both the direct determination device, the thermal balance determination device and the containment determination device.
- the calorimetry system 10 is configured to selectively or simultaneously determine the flow of heat generated by said at least one body 14 by measuring the flow meter, by heat balance or by confinement.
- the calorimetry system 10 may comprise a ventilation device 32 configured to circulate an air flow between an inlet and an outlet of the enclosure 12 inside a circuit
- the ventilation device 32 makes it possible to generate a flow of air or gas inside the ventilation circuit 31 so as to pass through the chamber 12 between the inlet and outlet orifices 18 20 of the enclosure 12.
- the start of the ventilation device makes it possible to draw air or gas at an inlet 33 of the ventilation circuit 31 to an outlet 35 of the ventilation circuit.
- the ventilation device 32 preferably comprises a fan for moving air or gas and a motor for rotating the fan.
- the ventilation device 32 is preferably configured to circulate the flow of air inside the enclosure at a flow rate of less than 0.5 m / s, preferably less than 0.2 m / s, of still more preferably less than 0.lm / s.
- the calorimetry system 10 also preferably comprises a device 34 for regulating the temperature of the flow of air or of gas flowing between the inlet and the outlet of the enclosure 12.
- the regulating device 34 comprises a heat exchanger 36 and a heating device 38.
- the heat exchanger 36 is preferably disposed upstream of the heating device 38 so as to regulate the air admitted inside the calorimetry system 10 to a first temperature value.
- the heating device 38 disposed downstream of the heat exchanger 36, makes it possible to heat the air coming from the heat exchanger 36 to a second desired temperature value for circulating in the enclosure 12.
- the first value of temperature is predefined as being lower than the second temperature value.
- the heat exchanger 36 makes it possible to cool the air admitted into the ventilation circuit 31 and the heating device 38 makes it possible to heat the air to the desired temperature inside the enclosure 12. cooling the admitted air and then heating it allows better control of the temperature inside the chamber 12.
- the heating device 38 may for example be a heating resistor disposed in the ventilation circuit 31.
- the calorimetry system 10 preferably comprises two heat exchangers 36 arranged successively inside the ventilation circuit 31, upstream of the ventilation device. Heating 38.
- the two heat exchangers 36 are air / water heat exchangers associated with a thermostated bath (not visible) for bringing the air entering the calorimetry system 10 at a temperature below 10 ° C. preferably below 5 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of about 0 ° C.
- the calorimetry system 10 may comprise a device for regulating the humidity inside the enclosure 12 to prevent drying out of said at least one body 14.
- hygrometers are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the housing. the chamber 12 to measure the evolution of the humidity in the chamber 12 over time.
- Various means of humidity control salts, bath and desiccator
- the calorimetry system 10 may comprise a member 40 for determining the flow rate of air or gas flowing inside the chamber 12.
- the set of temperature sensors 30 used in the calorimetry system 10 are preferably thermocouples or probes of the type "PT100".
- the temperature sensors 30 disposed within the first 24 and second 26 buffer zones are preferably "PT100" type probes.
- the calorimetry system 10 may comprise additional temperature sensors arranged for example outside the enclosure 12 and the first 24 and second 26 buffer zones for measuring the ambient temperature or under the support 15 for measuring the temperature. temperature under the body 14.
- the calorimetry system 10 preferably comprises a housing 42 in which the set of determination devices and ancillary devices, such as the ventilation circuit 31 and the first 24 and second 26 buffer zones, are arranged.
- This box 42 may be mobile and in particular comprise wheels making it possible to move the whole of the calorimetry system 10.
- the calorimetry system 10 preferably comprises a door 44 allowing access to the enclosure 12 to insert said at least one body 14.
- the determination method comprises the entire supply of a calorimetry system 10 as described above. At least one body 14 is disposed inside the enclosure 12. Said at least two determination devices are set in a configuration for determining the heat flux generated by said at least one body 14. Next, it is determined, by a plurality of measurements, the heat or temperature flow value or values associated with the heat flux generated by the body 14 by means of said at least two determining devices so as to determine an evolution of the heat flow. According to a variant of the determination method, the adjustment step is renewed during or after the determination step to adjust said at least two determination devices in another configuration.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1758959A FR3071606B1 (fr) | 2017-09-27 | 2017-09-27 | Systeme et procede de calorimetrie a determination multiple de flux de chaleur |
| PCT/FR2018/051819 WO2019063890A1 (fr) | 2017-09-27 | 2018-07-17 | Systeme et procede de calorimetrie a determination multiple de flux de chaleur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3688431A1 true EP3688431A1 (fr) | 2020-08-05 |
Family
ID=60765817
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18755523.0A Withdrawn EP3688431A1 (fr) | 2017-09-27 | 2018-07-17 | Systeme et procede de calorimetrie a determination multiple de flux de chaleur |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3688431A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3071606B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019063890A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2310565A1 (fr) * | 1975-05-07 | 1976-12-03 | Goma Gerard | Procede de mesure des chaleurs de reaction applicable a la determination des parametres de la croissance microbienne et des productivites des reacteurs biologiques |
| US4386604A (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1983-06-07 | Daniel Hershey | Determination of the basal metabolic rate of humans with a whole-body calorimeter |
| FR2840986B1 (fr) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-09-10 | Eric Esprimont | Methode mettant en oeuvre des capteurs de flux de chaleur pour evaluer la puissance d'une reaction thermique a l'interieur d'une enceinte, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre d'une telle methode |
| US9310263B2 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2016-04-12 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Adiabatic scanning calorimeter |
| RU2485463C1 (ru) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий (ФГБОУ ВПО ВГУИТ) | Устройство для воздушного термостатирования калориметрической ячейки |
-
2017
- 2017-09-27 FR FR1758959A patent/FR3071606B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-07-17 WO PCT/FR2018/051819 patent/WO2019063890A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-07-17 EP EP18755523.0A patent/EP3688431A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3071606A1 (fr) | 2019-03-29 |
| FR3071606B1 (fr) | 2019-09-20 |
| WO2019063890A1 (fr) | 2019-04-04 |
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