EP3667694B1 - Dispositif de détermination de la position de l'armature d'un relais - Google Patents

Dispositif de détermination de la position de l'armature d'un relais Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3667694B1
EP3667694B1 EP19208432.5A EP19208432A EP3667694B1 EP 3667694 B1 EP3667694 B1 EP 3667694B1 EP 19208432 A EP19208432 A EP 19208432A EP 3667694 B1 EP3667694 B1 EP 3667694B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
coil
relay
arrangement
determining
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EP19208432.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3667694A1 (fr
Inventor
Ralf Hoffmann
Christian Adam
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Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP3667694A1 publication Critical patent/EP3667694A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01F2007/185—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits with armature position measurement

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an arrangement for determining an armature position of a relay and a method.
  • Relays can be used to switch safety-relevant lines.
  • relays with mechanically forcibly guided contacts can be used.
  • Such a relay can comply with a standard, for example an EN 50205 standard.
  • a contact position can be used to determine whether the closing behavior of a contact set of a relay is due to an incorrect contact position or not.
  • a faulty contact position can be a welding of contacts.
  • Relay modules can be used in many ways. Narrow relay modules have a small width, for example such a relay module can have a width of 3 mm to 3.5 mm. Only limited installation space is available in such a relay module.
  • the pamphlet DE 10 2014 208 014 A1 discloses an electrical switch with an electromagnetic actuator and discloses the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the pamphlet U.S. 2001/0043450 A1 discloses control of non-linear electromagnetic actuators.
  • the pamphlet DE 195 44 207 A1 discloses measurements of movements of electromagnetic actuators.
  • a relay in a relay module may include multiple coils mounted on a single yoke, such as a U-shaped yoke.
  • the present disclosure is based on the finding that by using a multi-coil relay as a transformer, a transmission behavior of a signal from a first coil to a second coil on the air gap and thus the armature position of the relay can be closed.
  • the disclosure relates to an arrangement for determining an armature position of a relay, the relay comprising a first coil on a first portion of a yoke and a second coil on a second portion of the yoke, an armature of the relay being separated from the yoke by an air gap yoke is spaced.
  • the arrangement includes a signal transmitter which is electrically connected to the first coil and is set up to emit a first signal to the first coil, and a measuring device which is electrically connected to the second coil and set up to detect a second signal at the second coil, the second signal being a response signal to an excitation of the first coil with the first signal.
  • the arrangement is set up to determine the armature position of the relay based on the second signal.
  • the arrangement is used to determine an armature position of a relay.
  • the yoke can be a U-shaped yoke.
  • the first coil can be arranged on a first leg of the U-shaped yoke and the second coil can be arranged on a second leg of the U-shaped yoke opposite the first leg.
  • the armature may be spaced from at least one leg of the U-shaped yoke by an air gap.
  • the signal transmitter can be a signal generator.
  • the signal transmitter can be a microcontroller.
  • the measuring device is set up to detect the second signal transmitted from the first coil to the second coil at the second coil and to determine a transmission property from the first coil to the second coil from this and to determine a size of the air gap from the transmission property.
  • the transmission characteristic is a change in the second signal compared to a second signal at a different point in time.
  • the magnetic transmission behavior between the first coil and the second coil of the relay can depend on the size of the air gap, i.e. the working air gap of the armature, in particular due to a reluctance of the magnetic circuit.
  • the relay With electrically separate coils, the relay has the arrangement of a transformer, the transmission behavior, i.e. the coupling factor, between the first coil and the second coil being variable and having a correlation to the air gap of the armature.
  • the signal generator is set up to emit as the first signal a signal that is different from a control signal for attracting the armature that controls the relay.
  • the first coil and/or the second coil of the relay can be controlled by a drive signal be traversed to attract the anchor.
  • the signal transmitter can be set up to emit the first signal independently of the control signal. As a result, an independent security feature is generated, which can also detect misalignments in control signals that are inconspicuous per se.
  • the signal generator is connected to a center contact of the first coil and/or the measuring device is connected to a center contact of the second coil.
  • the electrical contact to the respective coil can be arranged between two end contacts of the respective coil.
  • the first signal comprises a sinusoidal signal and the arrangement is set up to determine the armature position of the relay based on an amplitude shift in the frequency response of the second signal.
  • an attenuation can occur in the Bode diagram over a frequency range depending on the size of the air gap, i.e. the second signal can have an attenuation which is dependent on the air gap.
  • a large air gap can produce greater damping than a small air gap.
  • Attenuation can be proportional to the size of the air gap.
  • a misalignment of the armature can thus be detected from this damping.
  • different damping can be assigned to different anchor positions. Deviations in the damping when comparing the damping that has already been assigned can indicate a misalignment.
  • the transmission property of the relay in the frequency range can be used to detect the armature position.
  • the first signal includes a voltage jump, in particular a voltage pulse, and the arrangement is set up to determine the armature position of the relay based on a change in a step response.
  • the transmission property of the relay in the time domain can be used to identify the armature position.
  • the second signal can have a different high maximum at a point in time that is also dependent on the air gap.
  • the change in the step response includes a time shift and/or a change in amplitude of the second signal.
  • the effects of the air gap on the response signal can appear as a time shift and as an attenuation of the step response.
  • the size of the air gap and thus the armature position can be determined from one of the two properties alone or from a combination of both properties.
  • the arrangement with the relay is arranged in a relay module, in particular a relay module with a width of 3.5 mm.
  • a relay module with a width of 3.5 mm.
  • This represents a flat structure and can therefore be arranged in a space-saving manner.
  • the determination of the armature position can represent a safety function of the relay module.
  • the transmission of the first signal includes the transmission of a voltage step, in particular a voltage pulse
  • the determination of the armature position includes the determination of a change in a step response, in particular an impulse response.
  • the response to a voltage step can be a step response.
  • the response to a voltage pulse can be an impulse response.
  • determining a change in the step response includes determining a time shift and/or determining a change in amplitude of the second signal.
  • the time length of the first signal is short compared to the mechanical time constants of the relay.
  • a lower performance are transmitted than when the first coil or second coil is excited to attract the armature.
  • the transfer behavior of the voltages on the coils is used. This means that the transmission behavior is measured without power, in relation to an excitation of the coils to attract the armature.
  • the first signal has a low power compared to the power required to pull in the armature.
  • magnetic saturation effects can be excluded.
  • the first coil and the second coil may not be energized by an operational excitation. The low power of the first signal can prevent the armature from being pulled in unintentionally.
  • the transmission of the first signal includes the transmission of a sinusoidal signal and the determination of the armature position includes the determination of an amplitude shift in the frequency response of the second signal.
  • determining the armature position includes determining an amplification of the frequency response of the second signal.
  • the amplification of the second signal corresponds to the transmission-related attenuation.
  • a negative amplification corresponds to an attenuation.
  • the transmission of the first signal includes the transmission of a signal that is different from a control signal that controls the relay.
  • a maximum i.e. a peak value
  • the time of the step response i.e. the time of the maximum
  • the voltage across the second coil reaches a certain maximum and then decreases, in particular to zero.
  • the maximum depends on the size of the air gap. The maximum decreases as the air gap increases, i.e. it is inversely proportional to the size of the air gap.
  • the time at which the maximum is reached and the decay time of the second signal are inversely proportional to the air gap.
  • a signal when the first signal is sent, a signal is sent whose power is lower than the power of a control signal that drives the relay.
  • the armature can be prevented from being attracted by the first signal.
  • the actual function of the relay is decoupled from the detection of the armature position.
  • the relay 101 comprises a yoke 102.
  • the yoke 102 is bent into a U-shape.
  • the yoke 102 is shaped differently, such as an L-shape or a W-shape.
  • the relay 101 has a first coil 103 and a second coil 104 .
  • the first coil 103 is arranged on a first section 105 .
  • the second coil 103 is arranged on a second section 106 .
  • the first portion 105 constitutes a first leg of the yoke 102 and the second portion 106 constitutes a second portion of the yoke 102.
  • the first portion 105 opposes the second portion 106.
  • the yoke 102 and the first coil 103 and the second coil 104 are thus arranged like a transformer.
  • the relay 101 has an armature 107 .
  • the armature 107 is shown separated from the yoke by an air gap 108 .
  • an operating voltage is applied to the first coil 103 and to the second coil 104, in particular by a drive signal for driving the relay 101.
  • the operating voltage causes a current to flow through the first coil 103 and the second coil 104 the yoke 102 magnetically and attracts the armature 107. In this way a contact can be closed.
  • the arrangement 100 has a signal transmitter 109 in order to check the armature position.
  • the signal generator 109 is a microcontroller. In another embodiment, signal generator 109 is a computer or other device for generating a signal.
  • the signal generator 109 is electrically connected to the first coil 103 .
  • the signal generator 109 is connected to a center contact of the first coil 103 .
  • the signal transmitter 109 is connected to the first coil 103 at a different point.
  • the signal generator 109 can generate a first signal.
  • the power of the first signal is lower than the operating power of the relay 101, in particular the voltage of the first signal is so low that it is ensured that the armature 107 is not attracted by the voltage of the first signal, even if the air gap 108 already has one has reduced maximum distance.
  • the arrangement 100 has a measuring device 110 .
  • the measuring device 110 is electrically connected to the second coil 104 .
  • Measuring device 110 is connected to a center contact of second coil 104 .
  • the measuring device 110 is connected to the second coil 104 at a different point.
  • Measuring device 110 is set up to measure voltages at second coil 104 .
  • the measuring device 110 is set up to additionally or alternatively measure another signal property, in particular a current.
  • first coil 103 By arranging the first coil 103 on the first section 105 and the second coil 104 on the second section 106, when the first signal is applied to the first coil 103, a signal is electromagnetically transmitted to the second coil. This represents a response signal that forms a second signal.
  • the measuring device 110 is set up to detect and evaluate this response signal.
  • the arrangement 100 for evaluating the response signal comprises a separate evaluation device, or the response signal is forwarded to an external device for evaluation.
  • the signal generator 109 and the measuring device 110 are part of a microcontroller.
  • the response signal represents a second signal.
  • the second signal corresponds to the first signal changed by the electromagnetic properties of the relay 101, in particular the size of the air gap 108.
  • the 2 shows a diagram 200 with three frequency curves 201, 202, 203.
  • the 2 10 shows part of a Bode diagram that describes the frequency characteristics of three different second signals at the second coil 104.
  • the first signal was the same first signal, in particular a sinusoidal signal.
  • an amplification of the signal is plotted on the ordinate axis and the frequency on the abscissa axis.
  • the gain represents the extent to which the second signal was attenuated during transmission.
  • the amplification is entered here in dB.
  • the first frequency curve 201 has a low level of attenuation compared to the other frequency curves.
  • the second frequency curve 202 has a middle and the third frequency curve 203 has the strongest attenuation of the three frequency curves.
  • the first frequency curve 201 can be assigned to a small air gap, i.e. an armature position that corresponds to a working position of the armature.
  • the third frequency curve 203 has the strongest damping and can therefore be assigned to a large air gap, i.e. an armature in the rest position.
  • the second frequency curve 202 has a medium attenuation.
  • the air gap is medium-sized and indicates an anchor position between the working position and the rest position.
  • the ratio of damping values at different frequencies for example at 10 Hz and at 1 Hz, as a characteristic feature of the air gap.
  • the damping values at the respective frequency levels are set in relation to one another.
  • the value of the gain at a frequency of 10 Hz is divided by the value of the gain at 1 Hz.
  • the size of the air gap is only from the absolute values of the damping or only from the relative damping values.
  • a signal 301 is the first signal and represents a voltage jump, in particular a short voltage pulse. The first signal starts at a time T0 and then reaches a constant voltage value before falling back to zero (not in Fig.3 shown).
  • a plurality of response signals 302 are in 3 shown, which each have a maximum 303 shortly after the time T0 at offset times.
  • the point in time of the maximum 303 and the voltage peak of the second signal change.
  • a high maximum 303 corresponds to a small air gap 108 and a lower maximum 303 to a larger air gap 108.
  • the decay time of the second signals also depends on the size of the air gap 108. The longer the cooldown, the smaller the air gap and vice versa.
  • the measuring device 110 determines from the to 2 and 3 described properties of the second signal, the armature position.
  • the respective size of the property i.e. damping of the frequency response with a sinusoidal signal as the first signal or point in time and/or height of the maximum 303 of the second signal with a voltage jump in the first signal, is determined in a comparison with stored reference values and from the result of the The anchor position is derived from the comparison.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart 400 for a method according to an embodiment.
  • a first signal is sent from the signal transmitter 109 to the first coil.
  • the first signal is a sine signal.
  • the first signal is a voltage jump, in particular a voltage pulse, or another signal.
  • the first signal is constant in several successive repetitions of the method.
  • the first signal can also be a combination of different signals arranged offset in time.
  • step 402 the second signal is detected by the measuring device 110 .
  • a second signal is recorded for each first signal.
  • the second signal has a property that depends on the electromagnetic property of the relay 101, in particular the size of the air gap 108, such as above to the Figures 2 and 3 described.
  • the anchor position is determined based on the received second signal. If the first signal is a sine curve, the armature position can be deduced from an attenuation of the frequency curve, as shown in FIG 2 described. If the first signal is a voltage jump, then the armature position can be inferred from the temporal properties of the second signal, as to 3 described.
  • the profile of the second signal can be compared with previous profiles of previously recorded second signals or with a reference value from a memory.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Arrangement (100) pour déterminer une position de l'induit d'un relais (101), le relais (101) comportant une première bobine (103) au niveau d'une première portion (105) d'une culasse (102) et une deuxième bobine (104) au niveau d'une deuxième portion (106) de la culasse (102), un induit (107) du relais (101) étant espacé de la culasse (102) par un entrefer (108), comprenant :
    un transmetteur de signal (109), qui est relié électriquement à la première bobine (1003) et qui est conçu pour émettre un premier signal à la première bobine (103), et
    un dispositif de mesure (110), qui est relié électriquement à la deuxième bobine (104) et qui est conçu pour capter un deuxième signal au niveau de la deuxième bobine (104), le deuxième signal étant un signal de réponse à une excitation de la première bobine (103) par le premier signal,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'arrangement (100) est conçu pour déterminer la position de l'induit du relais (101) sur la base du deuxième signal, le dispositif de mesure (110) étant conçu pour capter, au niveau de la deuxième bobine (104), le deuxième signal transmis à la deuxième bobine (104) par la première bobine (103) et déterminer à partir de celui-ci une propriété de transmission de la première bobine (103) à la deuxième bobine (104) et identifier une taille de l'entrefer (108) à partir de la propriété de transmission, la propriété de transmission étant une variation du deuxième signal en comparaison du deuxième signal à un autre instant.
  2. Arrangement (100) selon la revendication 1, le transmetteur de signal (109) étant conçu pour émettre en tant que premier signal un signal différent d'un signal d'excitation excitant le relais (101) en vue de faire coller l'induit (107).
  3. Arrangement (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le transmetteur de signal (109) étant raccordé à un contact central de la première bobine (103) et/ou le dispositif de mesure (110) étant raccordé à un contact central de la deuxième bobine (104).
  4. Arrangement (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le premier signal comprenant un signal sinusoïdal et l'arrangement (100) étant conçu pour déterminer la position de l'induit du relais (101) en se basant sur un décalage d'amplitude de la réponse en fréquence du deuxième signal.
  5. Arrangement (100) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, le premier signal comprenant une impulsion de tension et l'arrangement (100) étant conçu pour déterminer la position de l'induit du relais (101) en se basant sur une modification d'une réponse transitoire.
  6. Arrangement (100) selon la revendication 5, la modification de la réponse transitoire comprenant un décalage dans le temps et/ou une variation d'amplitude du deuxième signal.
  7. Arrangement (100) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, l'arrangement avec le relais (101) étant disposé dans un module de relais, notamment un module de relais ayant une largeur de 3,5 mm.
  8. Procédé pour déterminer une position de l'induit d'un relais (101), comprenant :
    émission (401) d'un premier signal par un transmetteur de signal (109) à une première bobine (103) au niveau d'une première portion (105) d'une culasse (102) du relais (101) ;
    captage (402) d'un deuxième signal au niveau d'une deuxième bobine (104) au niveau d'une deuxième portion (106) de la culasse (102) par un dispositif de mesure (110), le deuxième signal étant un signal de réponse à une excitation de la première bobine (103) par le premier signal ;
    détermination (403) de la position de l'induit du relais (101) sur la base du deuxième signal,
    le dispositif de mesure (110) étant conçu pour capter, au niveau de la deuxième bobine (104), le deuxième signal transmis à la deuxième bobine (104) par la première bobine (103) et déterminer à partir de celui-ci une propriété de transmission de la première bobine (103) à la deuxième bobine (104) et identifier une taille de l'entrefer (108) à partir de la propriété de transmission, la propriété de transmission étant une variation du deuxième signal en comparaison du deuxième signal à un autre instant.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, l'émission (401) du premier signal comprenant l'émission d'un saut de tension, notamment d'une impulsion de tension, et la détermination de la position de l'induit comprenant l'identification d'une modification d'une réponse transitoire, notamment d'une réponse impulsionnelle.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, l'identification d'une modification de la réponse transitoire comprenant une identification d'un décalage dans le temps et/ou une identification d'une variation d'amplitude du deuxième signal.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, la longueur dans le temps du premier signal étant courte par rapport aux constantes de temps mécaniques du relais (101).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 8, l'émission (401) du premier signal comprenant l'émission d'un signal sinusoïdal et la détermination de la position de l'induit comprenant l'identification d'un décalage d'amplitude de la réponse en fréquence du deuxième signal.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, la détermination (403) de la position de l'induit comprenant l'identification d'une amplification de la réponse en fréquence du deuxième signal.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 à 13, l'émission (401) du premier signal comprenant l'émission d'un signal différent d'un signal d'excitation excitant le relais (101) en vue de faire coller l'induit (107) du relais (101).
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 à 14, un signal étant émis lors de l'émission (401) du premier signal, dont la puissance est inférieure à la puissance d'un signal d'excitation excitant le relais (101).
EP19208432.5A 2018-12-11 2019-11-12 Dispositif de détermination de la position de l'armature d'un relais Active EP3667694B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018131749.2A DE102018131749A1 (de) 2018-12-11 2018-12-11 Anordnung zum Bestimmen einer Ankerstellung eines Relais

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EP3667694A1 EP3667694A1 (fr) 2020-06-17
EP3667694B1 true EP3667694B1 (fr) 2022-09-28

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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19544207C2 (de) * 1995-11-28 2001-03-01 Univ Dresden Tech Verfahren zur modellbasierten Messung und Regelung von Bewegungen an elektromagnetischen Aktoren
US6942469B2 (en) * 1997-06-26 2005-09-13 Crystal Investments, Inc. Solenoid cassette pump with servo controlled volume detection
DE102005018012A1 (de) * 2005-04-18 2006-10-19 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Sensorlose Positionserkennung in einem elektromagnetischen Aktuator
GB201110699D0 (en) * 2011-06-24 2011-08-10 Camcon Oil Ltd Electromagnetic actuators and monitoring thereof
DE102014208014B4 (de) * 2014-04-29 2020-03-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrischer Schalter mit elektromagnetischem Aktuator

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DE102018131749A1 (de) 2020-06-18

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