EP3649417A1 - Dispositif et procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz naturel ou d'un biogaz - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz naturel ou d'un biogazInfo
- Publication number
- EP3649417A1 EP3649417A1 EP18749030.5A EP18749030A EP3649417A1 EP 3649417 A1 EP3649417 A1 EP 3649417A1 EP 18749030 A EP18749030 A EP 18749030A EP 3649417 A1 EP3649417 A1 EP 3649417A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- refrigerant
- carbon dioxide
- supplied
- cooled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 78
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
- F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/66—Landfill or fermentation off-gas, e.g. "Bio-gas"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for liquefying a natural gas or a biogas. It applies, in particular, to the field of liquefied natural gas, the liquefaction of natural gas, the transport of natural gas, biogas and the field of liquefaction of the evaporation gas.
- the liquefaction of the gas allows the transport of natural gas at a lower volume compared to the transport of the non-liquefied natural gas.
- Brayton's processes have the drawbacks of medium to low energy performance, capital investment and operating costs, and the need for bulky equipment.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these disadvantages.
- the present invention provides a method and a device having as a general principle cooling by successive heat exchanges between the natural gas or the biogas with bodies or refrigerant mixtures. In this way, the temperature of the biogas or natural gas is gradually lowered until the liquefaction of said biogas or natural gas.
- this cooling includes pre-cooling by heat exchange between the natural gas or the biogas and a cooled pure refrigerant.
- this cooling includes a heat exchange between natural gas or biogas, a refrigerant mixture and cooled carbon dioxide. This cooling is preferably carried out after the pre-cooling step.
- the method and the device of the present invention comprise an additional cooling step, downstream of the cooling step, between the natural gas or the biogas and the cooled refrigerant mixture.
- the cooled mixture reheated during the additional cooling step is supplied to the cooling step.
- Each refrigerant compound or mixture and the carbon dioxide is cooled either downstream of the pre-cooling step or downstream of the cooling step.
- the present invention is directed to a device for liquefying a natural gas or a biogas, which comprises:
- the gas and the refrigerant mixture expanded to cool the gas, the vaporized refrigerant mixture being supplied to the first compressor, the expanded refrigerant mixture and the cooled carbon dioxide for cooling the carbon dioxide, the cooled carbon dioxide being supplied to a means of expansion of the carbon dioxide,
- the means for expanding the cooled carbon dioxide in the first exchange body the expanded carbon dioxide being supplied to the first exchange body.
- the device that is the subject of the present invention comprises:
- the expanded refrigerant compound and the refrigerant compound cooled to cool the refrigerant compound the cooled refrigerant compound being supplied to an expansion means of the refrigerant compound, the gas and the refrigerant compound expanded to cool the gas, the vaporized refrigerant being supplied to the third compressor and the gas being supplied to the first heat exchange body and the expansion means of the chilled refrigerant in the second heat sink exchange, the expanded refrigerant being supplied to the second exchange body.
- the pure refrigerant compound is ammonia or propane.
- the device of the present invention comprises, downstream of the first exchange body on the path traveled by the gas, a third heat exchange body between the gas and the refrigerant mixture expanded to cool the gas. gas, the refrigerant mixture at the outlet being supplied to the first exchange body.
- the refrigerant mixture comprises nitrogen and / or methane.
- the device that is the subject of the present invention comprises a means for collecting evaporation gas in a liquefied gas tank, the collected evaporation gas being used in the cooling mixture.
- At least one hot fluid and at least one cold fluid in an exchange body flow countercurrently to each other.
- the present invention relates to a process for liquefying a natural gas or a biogas, which comprises:
- the gas and the refrigerated mixture expanded to cool the gas, the vaporized refrigerant mixture being supplied to the first compression stage,
- the method which is the subject of the present invention comprises:
- the expanded refrigerant compound and the refrigerant compound cooled to cool the refrigerant compound, the refrigerant compound cooled during this step being supplied to a step of expansion of the refrigerant compound,
- the gas and the refrigerant compound expanded to cool the gas the vaporized refrigerant compound being supplied to the third step of compression and the gas being supplied at the first stage of heat exchange and
- the method that is the subject of the present invention comprises, downstream of the first step of heat exchange on the path traversed by the gas, a third step of heat exchange between the gas and the relaxed refrigerant mixture. for cooling the gas, the output refrigerant mixture being supplied to the first heat exchange stage.
- FIG. 1 represents, schematically, a particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 2 represents, schematically, a particular embodiment of a boat comprising a device that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows schematically and in the form of a logic diagram, a particular sequence of steps of the method object of the present invention.
- the present invention proposes a method and a device whose general principle is cooling by successive heat exchanges between the natural gas or biogas with refrigerant bodies or mixtures. In this way, the The temperature of the biogas or natural gas is gradually lowered until the liquefaction of said biogas or natural gas.
- this step cooling includes pre-cooling by heat exchange between the natural gas or biogas and a cooled pure refrigerant.
- This pre-cooling stage corresponds to the second heat exchange body 150 as described with reference to FIG. 1 and the second heat exchange stage 350 as described with reference to FIG. 3.
- This pre-cooling can be produced externally to the method or device of the present invention, the pre-cooled gas then being supplied to the first heat exchange step 330 or to the first heat exchange body 130.
- This step cooling includes, as main cooling, a heat exchange step between the natural gas or the biogas, a refrigerant mixture and cooled carbon dioxide. This cooling is preferably carried out after the pre-cooling step mentioned above. However, it is possible that the gas leaving this stage is not yet completely liquefied, and the stepwise cooling then preferably includes an additional cooling stage, or liquefaction stage of the gas, downstream of the main cooling stage.
- This liquefaction step can be carried out downstream of the method that is the subject of the present invention by a third-party device.
- the gas entering the process is gradually liquefied by heat exchange between:
- the gas and the refrigerant mixture if the process includes a liquefaction step if the process includes a liquefaction step.
- FIG. 1 which is not to scale, shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the device 100 which is the subject of the present invention.
- This device 100 of liquefaction of a natural gas or a biogas comprises:
- the gas and the refrigerant mixture expanded to cool the gas the vaporized refrigerant mixture being supplied to the first compressor
- the expanded refrigerant mixture and the cooled carbon dioxide for cooling the carbon dioxide the cooled carbon dioxide being supplied to a means for the expansion of the carbon dioxide
- the cooling mixture comprises, for example, nitrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, iso-butane, iso-pentane, normal butane and / or npentane.
- the first compressor 105 is, for example, a centrifugal or reciprocating compressor. This compressor 105 allows, for example, to increase the pressure of the refrigerant mixture at a pressure preferably between 30 and 80 bar, and about 40 bar for example.
- this first compressor 105 compresses the refrigerant mixture in two successive compression stages.
- the compressed refrigerant mixture is cooled by a heat exchanger (not shown) before being compressed in the second compression step.
- This heat exchanger (not shown) is, for example, a tubular exchanger using as cold fluid air or water.
- the heat exchanger realized between the two compression steps is that the refrigerant mixture does not exceed the temperature of 200 ° C.
- the first heat exchanger 1 is, for example, a tubular exchanger using as cold fluid air or water.
- This first heat exchanger 1 10 aims to cool the compressed refrigerant mixture at a temperature preferably between 10 and 25 ° C.
- the expansion means 1 is, for example, a Joule-Thomson valve performing isenthalpic expansion of the refrigerant mixture.
- the cooled refrigerant mixture is expanded to a pressure of between 2 barg and 4 barg, for example preferably 4 bar.
- the expansion means 1 15 is an expansion turbine. Such an expansion turbine makes it possible to recover the expansion energy to drive the compression means of the device 100 and thus improve the energy efficiency of the process.
- the cooling mixture thus expanded is supplied to the first heat exchange body 130 for cooling the gas passing through this first exchange body 130 and carbon dioxide also passing through this first body 130 exchange.
- the second compressor 120 is, for example, a dry piston compressor, a centrifugal compressor or an alternating compressor. This second compressor 120 makes it possible to raise the pressure of the carbon dioxide.
- the carbon dioxide output pressure is set according to the saturating pressure of the carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide system pressure drop to allow the liquid carbon dioxide to evaporate at a temperature between -35. ° C and -45 ° C.
- the evaporation temperature is chosen according to the temperature of approach of the heat exchanger, data given by the manufacturer.
- This second heat exchanger 125 is, for example, a tubular exchanger using as cold fluid air or water. At the outlet of this second exchanger 125, the carbon dioxide is cooled to a temperature preferably between 7 ° C. and 30 ° C., for example 15 ° C.
- Carbon dioxide leaving this second exchanger 125 is then directed to the first body 130 exchange.
- This first body 130 of exchange has two ends: one, so-called “hot”, corresponds to the part of the first body 130 near the gas inlet in this first body 130 exchange and
- the other corresponds to the portion of the first body 130 near the cooled gas outlet of the first body 130 exchange.
- the cooled carbon dioxide leaving the second exchanger 125 is injected into the first exchange body 130 at the hot end of the first exchange body 130.
- the carbon dioxide is liquefied and subcooled during the heat exchange, with the expanded carbon dioxide and / or the refrigerant mixture, produced in the first exchange body 130.
- the refrigerant mixture inlet in this first exchange body 130 is positioned in the cold end and the outlet for this refrigerant mixture is positioned in the hot end.
- the refrigerant mixture passing through the first exchange body 130 participates in the cooling of the gas and the carbon dioxide cooled by the second heat exchanger 125.
- the vaporized refrigerant mixture during the heat exchange made in the first exchange body 130 is supplied to the first compressor 105 so as to form a cycle.
- the carbon dioxide undercooled and liquefied is expanded in the means 135 for expansion of carbon dioxide.
- the means 135 of relaxation is, for example, a Joule-Thomson valve performing isenthalpic expansion of carbon dioxide.
- the cooled carbon dioxide is expanded at a pressure of, for example, 8 bar.
- the expansion means 135 is an expansion turbine. Such an expansion turbine makes it possible to recover the expansion energy to drive the compression means of the device 100 and thus improve the energy efficiency of the process.
- the expanded carbon dioxide is then supplied to the first exchange body 130 so as to participate in the cooling of the gas and the carbon dioxide cooled by the second heat exchanger 125.
- the carbon dioxide vaporized during the heat exchange made in the first body 130 exchange is supplied to the second compressor 120 so as to form a cycle.
- the first exchange body 130 is of the PFHE type (for "Plate heat exchanger”, translated by plate heat exchanger) or BAHX (for "Brazed aluminum heat exchanger”, translated by heat exchanger aluminum brazed) for example.
- the first exchange body 130 is configured so that at the outlet, the gas has a temperature between -30 ° C and -40 ° C. As input, the gas has a temperature between 0 and -10 ° C with preferably a temperature between -8 ° C and -10 ° C.
- the device 100 comprises:
- the expanded refrigerant compound and the cooled refrigerant compound for cooling the refrigerant compound the cooled refrigerant compound being supplied to a means 155 for expanding the refrigerant compound
- the gas and the refrigerant compound expanded to cool the gas the vaporized refrigerant being supplied to the third compressor and the cooled gas being supplied to the first heat exchange body 130 and
- the means 155 for expanding the cooled refrigerant in the second exchange body the expanded refrigerant being supplied to the second exchange body.
- the pure refrigerant compound is, for example, ammonia or propane.
- the third compressor 140 is, for example, a centrifugal or reciprocating compressor. This compressor 140 allows, for example, to raise the pressure of the refrigerant compound to a pressure greater than 20 bar, for example about 35 bar.
- the third heat exchanger 145 is, for example, a tubular exchanger using as cold fluid air or water, or brine, for example.
- This third heat exchanger 145 aims to cool the compressed refrigerant mixture to a temperature of, for example, between 5 and 20 ° C, for example 15 ° C.
- the refrigerant compound leaving this third exchanger 145 is then directed towards the second exchange body 150.
- This first exchange body 150 has two ends:
- hot corresponds to the part of the second body 150 near the gas inlet in this second body 150 exchange and
- the other corresponds to the portion of the second body 150 near the cooled gas outlet of the second body 150 exchange.
- the cooled refrigerant compound leaving the third exchanger 145 is injected into the second exchange body 150 at the hot end of the second exchange body 150.
- the refrigerant compound is liquefied and subcooled during the heat exchange with the expanded refrigerant compound formed in the second exchange body 150.
- the refrigerant inlet in this second exchange body 150 is positioned in the cold end and the outlet for this refrigerant compound is positioned in the hot end.
- the expanded refrigerant mixture passing through the second exchange body 150 contributes to the cooling of the gas and of the refrigerant compound cooled by the third heat exchanger 145.
- the refrigerant compound vaporized during the heat exchange made in the second exchange body 150 is supplied to the third compressor 140 so as to form a cycle.
- the cooled and liquefied refrigerant compound is expanded in the means 155 for expanding the refrigerant compound.
- the expansion means 155 is, for example, a Joule-Thomson valve providing isenthalpic expansion of the refrigerant compound.
- the expansion means 155 is an expansion turbine. Such an expansion turbine makes it possible to recover the relaxing energy to drive the compression means of the device 100 and thus improve the energy efficiency of the process.
- the cooled refrigerant compound is expanded to a pressure, preferably between 2.5 and 4 bar, and preferably about 3.5 bar. It is also possible that the refrigerant compound is expanded to a pressure below 2.5 bar, but there is then a risk that the suction pressure of the compressor 140 is no longer sufficient.
- the expanded compound is then supplied to the second exchange body 150 so as to participate in cooling the gas and the cooled compound by the third heat exchanger 145.
- the second exchange body 150 is of the PFHE or BAHX type, for example.
- the second exchange body 150 is configured so that, at the outlet, the gas has a lower temperature of between 0 ° C. and -10 ° C., for example.
- the device 100 comprises, downstream of the first exchange body on the path traversed by the gas, a third heat exchange body 160 between the gas and the gas. refrigerant mixture expanded to cool the gas, the output refrigerant mixture being supplied to the first body 130 exchange.
- the third exchange body 160 is of the PFHE or BAHX type, for example.
- the third exchange body 160 is configured so that, at the outlet, the gas has a temperature below -155 ° C. preferentially.
- the device 100 comprises a means 165 for collecting evaporation gas in a tank 170 of liquefied gas, the evaporation gas collected being used in the refrigerant mixture.
- the means 165 for collecting is, for example, an aspiration of evaporation gas located in an upper part of the tank 170.
- an alternative compressor is used to transfer the BOG from the storage to the injection site.
- the refrigerant mixture used in the present device is then configured to preferentially present a composition close to a composition typical of a BOG of liquefied natural gas.
- the regulation of the temperature of the LNG produced is preferably regulated by acting on the flow of refrigerant mixture at first, and secondly on the flow of natural gas to be liquefied.
- the flow rate of pure refrigerant can be regulated so as to cool at a predetermined temperature the gas entering said pre-cooling stage.
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically shows a boat comprising a device 100 as described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 3 diagrammatically shows a particular flow diagram of the process 300 which is the subject of the present invention.
- This method 300 of liquefaction of a natural gas or a biogas comprises:
- the method 300 comprises:
- a third step 340 of compression of a vaporized pure refrigerant compound a third heat exchange stage 345 for cooling the compressed refrigerant compound
- the expanded refrigerant compound and the refrigerant compound 350a cooled to cool the refrigerant compound, the refrigerant compound cooled during this step being supplied to a step of expansion of the refrigerant compound,
- the gas and the expanded refrigerant 350b for cooling the gas the refrigerant compound being supplied to the third compression stage and the cooled gas being supplied to the first heat exchange stage and
- the method 300 comprises, downstream of the first heat exchange step 330 on the path traversed by the gas, a third heat exchange step 360 between the gas and the expanded refrigerant mixture for cooling the gas, the output-cooled gas being supplied to the first heat exchange stage.
- the method 300 is implemented, for example, by the device 100 as described with reference to FIG.
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1756334A FR3068771B1 (fr) | 2017-07-05 | 2017-07-05 | Dispositif et procede de liquefaction d’un gaz naturel ou d’un biogaz |
PCT/FR2018/051654 WO2019008269A1 (fr) | 2017-07-05 | 2018-07-03 | Dispositif et procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz naturel ou d'un biogaz |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3649417A1 true EP3649417A1 (fr) | 2020-05-13 |
Family
ID=60020032
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18749030.5A Pending EP3649417A1 (fr) | 2017-07-05 | 2018-07-03 | Dispositif et procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz naturel ou d'un biogaz |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3649417A1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20200023359A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112020000215A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3068771B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019008269A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DZ2533A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-20 | 2003-03-08 | Exxon Production Research Co | Procédé perfectionné de réfrigération à constituants pour la liquéfaction de gaz naturel. |
GB0006265D0 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2000-05-03 | Statoil | Natural gas liquefaction process |
-
2017
- 2017-07-05 FR FR1756334A patent/FR3068771B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-07-03 KR KR1020207000226A patent/KR20200023359A/ko unknown
- 2018-07-03 EP EP18749030.5A patent/EP3649417A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-07-03 WO PCT/FR2018/051654 patent/WO2019008269A1/fr unknown
- 2018-07-03 BR BR112020000215-1A patent/BR112020000215A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3068771B1 (fr) | 2020-08-14 |
BR112020000215A2 (pt) | 2020-07-07 |
WO2019008269A1 (fr) | 2019-01-10 |
KR20200023359A (ko) | 2020-03-04 |
FR3068771A1 (fr) | 2019-01-11 |
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