EP3648120A1 - Zusammenbauverfahren eines elektrischen kabels mit reduziertem skin-effekt, und entsprechendes kabel - Google Patents

Zusammenbauverfahren eines elektrischen kabels mit reduziertem skin-effekt, und entsprechendes kabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3648120A1
EP3648120A1 EP19197837.8A EP19197837A EP3648120A1 EP 3648120 A1 EP3648120 A1 EP 3648120A1 EP 19197837 A EP19197837 A EP 19197837A EP 3648120 A1 EP3648120 A1 EP 3648120A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductors
cable
beams
electric cable
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19197837.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Haehner
Patrick Rybski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans SA
Original Assignee
Nexans SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nexans SA filed Critical Nexans SA
Publication of EP3648120A1 publication Critical patent/EP3648120A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/30—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying alternating current, e.g. due to skin effect
    • H01B7/303—Conductors comprising interwire insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/0009—Details relating to the conductive cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0036—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/02—Stranding-up

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for assembling a cable with reduced skin effect, as well as to a corresponding electrical cable.
  • the invention belongs to the field of electric cables traversed by alternating currents (either sinusoidal, or in pulse width modulation or any other non-continuous form), used, by way of nonlimiting example, in aeronautical applications.
  • Expected power levels are between 2 and 4 MVA for hybrid propulsion systems and can reach 40 MVA for fully electric propulsion systems.
  • the electrical system may use pulse width modulation (in English PWM, Pulse Width Modulation) with a fundamental frequency greater than 1 kHz, voltage levels between 1 kV and 3 kV (or more) and currents of several hundred amps.
  • pulse width modulation in English PWM, Pulse Width Modulation
  • the resistance increases by around 45% at a frequency of 1 kHz.
  • the cross section of the conductor should be increased. This is not optimal, in particular in an on-board aeronautical application, where any increase in mass induces an increase in fuel consumption.
  • the increase in resistance due to the skin effect is a phenomenon also known in the field of high voltage ground cables operating at low frequency, typically between 50 Hz and 60 Hz, but whose cross section has a very large surface, typically greater than 1000 mm 2 .
  • conductors formed from several segments or sectors are used, known as Milliken conductors.
  • Litz conductors at high frequency, having cross sections of small area, typically a few mm 2 and which operate at frequencies of several tens of kHz, or even more.
  • Litz type conductors are generally enamelled.
  • a disadvantage of enamel is that it must be removed when mounting cables made up of these conductors. Enamel removal is usually done by welding. Welding is prohibited in aeronautical applications, because of the risk of breaking the conductor in the event of vibrations.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the conductors forming the cable are assembled so that each of them passes successively through various points of the cross section of the cable as it progresses in the axial direction of the cable. Thanks to this arrangement, the displacement of the current by skin effect can only occur inside an individual conductor, if the frequency is sufficiently high.
  • the electrical insulation between adjacent conductors offers a contact resistance several times greater than the resistance of an individual conductor for a length such that it passes through all the points of the cross section of the cable.
  • Such resistance is of the order of a few m ⁇ . Therefore, an insulation resistance of a few ohms between the individual conductors is sufficient in practice.
  • the at least three conductors of the first beams are arranged so that the central points of their cross sections are on the same circle and the at least three n th beams are arranged so that the central points of their cross sections are on the same circle.
  • the conductors forming the cable are assembled so that each of them passes successively through all the points of the cross section of the cable as the conductor progresses in the axial direction of the cable. This further reduces the skin effect.
  • each of the first beams comprises between three and five conductors.
  • each of the (n + 1) th beams comprises between three and five of the n th beams.
  • the integer n successively takes the values 1 to 3.
  • the conductors are made of aluminum.
  • This provides natural electrical insulation, since the surface of the aluminum conductors is naturally oxidized and this oxide layer is non-conductive.
  • the present invention also provides an electrical cable formed of a plurality of conductors electrically isolated from each other, remarkable in that it is obtained by the implementation of a method of 'assembly as succinctly described above.
  • this cable is an aeronautical cable.
  • an electrical cable is considered, the cross section of which has a predetermined surface.
  • This cable is made up of several conductors. These conductors are electrically isolated from each other.
  • the cable may for example be an aeronautical cable, used for example on board an aircraft.
  • Electrical insulation of the conductors can be achieved by any means. It is advantageously obtained naturally when the aluminum conductors are produced, since an electrically insulating layer of aluminum oxide naturally forms on the surface of such conductors.
  • the method, according to the invention, of assembling an electric cable formed of several conductors electrically insulated from each other comprises a first step 10 consisting in forming several first bundles of conductors.
  • each first beam comprises at least three conductors.
  • each first beam comprises between three and five conductors.
  • the conductors are held together in each bundle by the only twisting effect, without it being necessary to provide any particular fixing means between the conductors.
  • the figure 2 illustrates the cross section of a first bundle of conductors 20 in three different embodiments: from left to right are shown a first example where the first bundle F1 comprises three conductors 20, a second example where the first bundle F1 'comprises four conductors 20 and a third example where the first beam F1 "has five conductors 20.
  • the conductors 20 of each first bundle F1 or F1 ′ or F1 ′′ are arranged so that the central points of the cross section of these conductors 20 are located on the same circle.
  • This arrangement is particularly advantageous because it allows each conductor 20 to occupy successively, as it progresses along the axis of the cable, at least part of all the points of the cross section of this cable, or even all the points of the cross section of the cable if the cable length is sufficient for this.
  • the skin effect will only occur inside a conductor 20.
  • the current will thus flow in all the conductors 20 and will not be confined to the surface of the cable.
  • step 10 of forming the first bundles F1 or F1 ′ or F1 ′′ of conductors 20 it is determined whether the surface of the cross section of the cable has reached the desired dimension.
  • second bundles of conductors 20 are formed, each comprising at least three first bundles.
  • the first beams used to form a second beam advantageously all have the same number of conductors 20.
  • the figure 3 illustrates the cross section of a second bundle of conductors 20 in three different embodiments: from left to right are shown a first example where the second bundle F2 comprises three first bundles F1 each comprising three conductors 20, a second example where the second bundle F2 'comprises four first bundles F1 "each comprising five conductors 20 and a third example where the first bundle F2" comprises five first bundles F1' each comprising four conductors 20.
  • each second beam F2 or F2 'or F2 is arranged so that none of the first beams is in the center of the second beam. This amounts to the fact that the central points of the cross sections of the first bundles are located on the same circle. This arrangement is particularly advantageous because it allows each conductor 20 to occupy successively, as it progresses along the axis of the cable, at least a portion of all the points of the cross section of this cable, or even all the points of the cross section of the cable if the cable length is sufficient for this.
  • step 10 of forming the first beams As at the end of step 10 of forming the first beams, during test 12, it is tested at the end of step 14 of forming the second beams if the desired dimension for the surface has been reached. of the cross section of the cable formed from the second bundles.
  • step 14 the iteration of continuing, during step 14, is continued (n + 1) th beams each comprising at least three n th beams, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • each of the (n + 1) th beams comprises between three and five n th beams.
  • FIG 4 illustrates the cross section of a third bundle of conductors 20 in two different exemplary embodiments: from left to right are shown a first example where the third bundle F3 comprises three second bundles F2 'each comprising four second bundles F1 "of five conductors 20 and a second example where the third bundle F3 'comprises four second bundles F2 "each comprising five first bundles F1' of four conductors 20.
  • the second beams of each third beam F3 or F3 ' are arranged so that none of the second beams is in the center of the third beam.
  • This arrangement is particularly advantageous because it allows each driver 20 to occupy successively, as it progresses along the cable axis, at least a part of all the points of the cross section of this cable, or even all the points of the cross section of the cable if the length of the cable is sufficient for this.
  • the integer n can successively take the values 1 to 3.
  • the first beams each comprise 4 conductors (like the beam F1 ')
  • the second beams each comprise 4 first beams (like the beam F2 ')
  • the third beams each have 4 second beams
  • the fourth beams each have 4 third beams
  • Conventional aluminum cables are generally formed from conductors with a diameter of 0.37 mm. This diameter was chosen as a good compromise between flexibility and complexity of the cable and is also small enough to avoid an increase in resistance due to the skin effect at the frequencies concerned.
  • a conventional AWG000 cable is an assembly of 19 concentric bundles, each bundle consisting of 44 conductors with a diameter of 0.37 mm, or a total of 836 conductors.
  • the diameter of the conductors can be reduced to 0.334 mm .
  • the diameter of the conductors should be increased to 0.39 mm.
  • the measurement shows that, while for an AWG000 cable, the increase in resistance is 45% (compared to the DC resistance) at a frequency of 1 kHz, the increase in resistance for a cable AWG000 assembled in accordance with the present invention is negligible for frequencies up to 5 kHz.
  • the resistance of an AWG000 cable according to the invention is therefore 45% lower than that of a conventional AWG000 cable.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
EP19197837.8A 2018-10-29 2019-09-17 Zusammenbauverfahren eines elektrischen kabels mit reduziertem skin-effekt, und entsprechendes kabel Withdrawn EP3648120A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1859980A FR3087934B1 (fr) 2018-10-29 2018-10-29 Procede d'assemblage d'un cable electrique a effet de peau reduit et cable electrique correspondant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3648120A1 true EP3648120A1 (de) 2020-05-06

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19197837.8A Withdrawn EP3648120A1 (de) 2018-10-29 2019-09-17 Zusammenbauverfahren eines elektrischen kabels mit reduziertem skin-effekt, und entsprechendes kabel

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20200161020A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3648120A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3087934B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE545186C2 (en) * 2021-09-08 2023-05-09 Habia Cable Ab Electrical cable and manufacturing thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2048450A (en) * 1933-01-24 1936-07-21 Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke Ag Stranded conductor
FR1491689A (fr) * 1966-08-31 1967-08-11 Siemens Ag Conducteur à faisceaux de fils, comportant plusieurs conducteurs individuels toronnés
US4549042A (en) * 1981-07-31 1985-10-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Litz wire for degreasing skin effect at high frequency
WO2013133038A1 (ja) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 中央発條株式会社 導電ワイヤー及びその製造方法

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1098921A (en) * 1963-08-23 1968-01-10 Submarine Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrical conductors for high frequency currents

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2048450A (en) * 1933-01-24 1936-07-21 Norddeutsche Seekabelwerke Ag Stranded conductor
FR1491689A (fr) * 1966-08-31 1967-08-11 Siemens Ag Conducteur à faisceaux de fils, comportant plusieurs conducteurs individuels toronnés
US4549042A (en) * 1981-07-31 1985-10-22 Hitachi, Ltd. Litz wire for degreasing skin effect at high frequency
WO2013133038A1 (ja) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 中央発條株式会社 導電ワイヤー及びその製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3087934B1 (fr) 2023-06-02
FR3087934A1 (fr) 2020-05-01
US20200161020A1 (en) 2020-05-21

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