EP3646409B1 - Kollineare antennenstruktur mit unabhängigen zugängen - Google Patents

Kollineare antennenstruktur mit unabhängigen zugängen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3646409B1
EP3646409B1 EP18749010.7A EP18749010A EP3646409B1 EP 3646409 B1 EP3646409 B1 EP 3646409B1 EP 18749010 A EP18749010 A EP 18749010A EP 3646409 B1 EP3646409 B1 EP 3646409B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna structure
quarter wavelength
antennas
coaxial
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EP18749010.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3646409A1 (de
Inventor
Sébastien PALUD
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Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
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Telediffusion de France ets Public de Diffusion
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Priority to PL18749010T priority Critical patent/PL3646409T3/pl
Publication of EP3646409A1 publication Critical patent/EP3646409A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/18—Vertical disposition of the antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/12—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q11/14—Resonant antennas with parts bent, folded, shaped or screened or with phasing impedances, to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna or to obtain desired polarisation effect
    • H01Q11/16—Resonant antennas with parts bent, folded, shaped or screened or with phasing impedances, to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna or to obtain desired polarisation effect in which the selected sections are collinear
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/12—Longitudinally slotted cylinder antennas; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/203—Leaky coaxial lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H01Q21/10—Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/06—Coaxial lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna structure with independent access.
  • the invention relates to an antenna structure comprising several individual collinear antennas and each supplied by an independent access, for the transmission and / or reception of waves of metric frequency (between 30 and 300 MHz) or decimetric (between 300 MHz). and 3000 MHz).
  • Collinear antenna structures comprising several independent antennas are used to allow the transmission and / or reception of signals in close or identical frequencies, or in close, identical, or overlapping frequency bands.
  • EP 1432 073 describes a collinear antenna of the alternating coaxial type.
  • DE 1,923,334 describes a system comprising a plurality of collinear dipoles comprising decoupling means at the input of each of the dipoles, these means being formed by coaxial cable coils used to supply the dipoles and parasitic capacitances in parallel.
  • the current solution is to physically move the antennas away, which can generate antenna structures of too large dimensions (up to 'to several tens of meters for frequencies around 1 GHz) due to the necessary spacing between two antennas. This spacing is all the more important as the frequency of use is low.
  • a first solution is to place the antennas precisely so as to take advantage of the radiation hollows of each antenna to maximize decoupling.
  • the placement of these antennas cannot be done easily without degradation of the radio performance.
  • the mechanical support of the antenna structures as well as the earthing are all elements which reduce the decoupling between the antennas, in particular because of the induced currents. Even if the supports are made of dielectric materials, the transmission lines of each antenna are the source of the same type of fault.
  • Another solution is to arrange the antennas in a distribution horizontal, but in this case, to avoid significant coupling between the antennas, the distances between two antennas must be large, which generates a footprint on the ground and significant installation and maintenance costs.
  • the invention aims to overcome at least some of the drawbacks of known antenna structures.
  • the invention aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a collinear antenna structure with independent accesses combining both high decoupling, large gains and reduced bulk.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a collinear antenna structure with independent access allowing small spacing between two consecutive antennas with significant decoupling.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a collinear antenna structure with independent access, the installation and maintenance of which are facilitated.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a collinear antenna structure with independent accesses with a reduced footprint.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a collinear antenna structure with independent accesses having omnidirectional radiation patterns and symmetrical radiation lobes.
  • the invention relates to an antenna structure for the transmission and / or reception of waves of metric or decimetric frequency, characterized in that it comprises n collinear antennas, with n ⁇ 2, each antenna comprising a radiating portion comprising a first succession of i coaxial radiating elements around a first axis alternately with at least one additional succession of i coaxial radiating elements, each additional succession being arranged around an axis different from the first axis, with i ⁇ 2, each antenna being fed independently by a coaxial cable at an excitation input, each antenna comprising at least one lower quarter wave trap disposed between the excitation input and a first end of the radiating portion, and at least one upper quarter wave trap disposed at a second end of the portion radiant, at least one first antenna comprising at least n-1 hollow cores extending over the entire length, said hollow cores forming the axes of the successions of radiating coaxial elements and at least one of the hollow cores being configured to receive a coaxial cable intended for the supply of another antenna colline
  • An antenna structure according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain very significant decoupling with a very small spacing between antennas while maintaining perfectly omnidirectional patterns.
  • the antenna structure thus saves space and performance, and its visual impact and footprint are greatly reduced.
  • the upper quarter-wave traps improve the elevation radiation (reduction of the elevation opening and the secondary lobes in particular) and allow good adaptation of the antenna.
  • the lower quarter-wave traps limit the flow of currents along the supporting structure of the antenna structure (at the level of the excitation input) and along the coaxial cable while also promoting the reduction of the lower sidelobes.
  • an antenna is followed by another antenna, its terminal element is therefore arranged between the upper quarter-wave trap and the intermediate quarter-wave trap.
  • the terminal elements also improve the radiation on site (reduction of opening in elevation and secondary lobes in particular) and allow good adaptation of the antenna.
  • the additional quarter-wave traps make it possible to significantly reduce the overhead radiation induced by the terminal elements and thus promote the decoupling of the antennas by very significantly reducing the surface currents that can pass through the coaxial cable.
  • the installation of the aerials is facilitated by the use of a single antenna structure comprising several independent accesses.
  • the configuration of the antenna structure also allows conservation of the radiation symmetries, in particular at the level of the secondary lobes.
  • the radiation patterns are omnidirectional and the radiation lobes are symmetrical.
  • the hollow core (s) in which the coaxial cable (s) extend furthermore makes it possible to provide electromagnetic shielding so as not to influence the radiation of the aerial (s) comprising this or these core (s) traversed by the coaxial cables.
  • the passage of the coaxial cables is radioelectrically transparent.
  • the coaxial cables In cases where high decoupling between the antennas (greater than 50 dB) is desired, the coaxial cables must have a high electromagnetic shielding so as to avoid inter-line coupling at the base of the antenna structure.
  • a double braid or triple braid cable will be installed on all or part of the antenna, preferably in the lower part of the antenna, at the level of the excitation input.
  • the antenna structure according to the invention can advantageously be used in the Internet of Things (or IoT for Internet of Things in English), or more generally any service requiring significant decoupling between independent antenna systems operating in the same frequency band or very similar or overlapping frequency bands, in the field of aeronautics for example (civil aviation in particular).
  • the number i of coaxial elements radiating around each axis is between two and four.
  • the number of radiating elements is a compromise between on the one hand the gain, the opening in the vertical plane, the directivity, the decoupling which increases with the number of radiating elements, and d 'on the other hand the size of the antenna which becomes too large when the number of radiating elements increases, as well as the appearance of secondary lobes due to the networking of the radiating elements which can reduce the decoupling.
  • the use of a coaxial cable to feed each antenna after the first antenna causes losses in the coaxial cable thus reducing the gain of the antennas.
  • a coaxial cable of the same length to the first antenna, or increase the number of radiating elements in the following antenna (s). the first antenna.
  • each upper quarter-wave trap, each lower quarter-wave trap and each intermediate quarter-wave trap is traversed by a hollow core.
  • the quarter-wave traps intervene by limiting the radiation of the hollow cores in particular due to the coaxial cable which passes through them when this is the case.
  • each collinear antenna comprises at least nx hollow cores extending over the entire length, the hollow cores being configured to receive a coaxial cable intended for the supply. of another antenna collinear with said antenna, with x the number of antennas arranged opposite the excitation input of said antenna on the antenna structure.
  • the antenna structure comprises between two and five antennas (ie 2 ⁇ n ⁇ 5).
  • each terminal element comprises a short-circuit element connecting two hollow cores of the antenna to which it belongs.
  • the circuit breaker element can have different functions depending on the antenna on which it is located.
  • the short-circuit element makes it possible to provide an additional degree of freedom to the adjustment of the antenna, by allowing in particular the optimization of the upper secondary lobes and more moderately the reduction of the opening at half power in elevation and the directivity of the antenna.
  • each lower quarter-wave trap is composed of two collinear cylindrical quarter-wave sub-traps of identical dimensions and spaced apart by a radius from the quarter-wave sub-traps.
  • each upper quarter-wave trap is composed of two parallel cylindrical quarter-wave sub-traps of identical dimensions.
  • the antenna structure comprises at least one sheath current blocking device arranged on each coaxial cable.
  • the current blocking device makes it possible to limit the circulation of the sheath currents flowing on the sheath of each coaxial cable and which can be found by coupling on the terminal element.
  • the invention also relates to an antenna structure characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
  • the figures 1 to 8 represent antenna structures or portions of antenna structures in which the power supply of the antenna structures is carried out at an excitation input located at the top right of the figure, the first antenna is located on the side of this input of excitation, and the following antennas are arranged consecutively from top right to bottom left, until the last antenna is at the bottom left.
  • This orientation does not prejudge the arrangement of the antenna structure during its use in practice in its environment, which may vary according to the applications.
  • the antenna structure is generally disposed with the excitation inlet at ground level and extending vertically upward.
  • the figure 1 schematically represents an antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the antenna structure is composed of a first antenna 10 and a second antenna 20, the two antennas being collinear and fed independently.
  • Each antenna comprising a radiating portion comprising a first succession of radiating elements coaxial around a first axis (referenced 12i for the first antenna 10 and 22i for the second antenna 20), alternating with at least one additional succession of radiating elements coaxial around at least one second axis, here two additional successions around two axes.
  • the two additional successions are composed of two radiating elements arranged side by side (referenced 11i for the first antenna 10 and 21i for the second antenna 20) and alternating with the first succession of coaxial radiating elements.
  • Each antenna includes an excitation input (referenced 16 for the first antenna 10 and 26 for the second antenna 20) allowing the antenna to be fed by a coaxial cable.
  • a quarter-wave trap called a lower quarter-wave trap (referenced 15 for the first antenna 10 and 25 for the second antenna 20).
  • each quarter-wave trap is composed of two quarter-wave sub-traps (respectively two quarter-wave sub-traps 15 1 and 15 2 for the lower quarter-wave trap of the first antenna 10 and two quarter-wave sub-traps 25 1 and 25 2 for the lower quarter-wave trap 25 of the second antenna 20).
  • the spacing between the lower quarter-wave trap and the first radiating element 11 1 must be of a length of between 20% and 30% less than that of the radiating elements.
  • each antenna At a second end of the radiating portion of each antenna, that is to say the end furthest from the power input, each antenna comprises an upper quarter-wave trap (referenced 14 for the first antenna 10 and 24 for the second antenna 20).
  • each antenna comprises a terminal element (referenced 13 for the first antenna 10 and 23 for the second antenna 20) formed by the extension of at least one hollow core , here of two lateral hollow cores described later.
  • the coaxial supply cable 17 leaves the terminal element 13 of the first antenna 10 and connects to the excitation input 26 of the second antenna 20.
  • the cable coaxial is surrounded by an intermediate quarter-wave trap 131, in the extension of the terminal element 13 and through which passes the coaxial supply cable 17.
  • the antenna structure preferably comprises at least one device for blocking the sheath current, here a device 18 for blocking the sheath. sheath current.
  • the figures 2 , 3 and 4 schematically show in section respectively a first, second and third detail of the first antenna of an antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the invention. Descriptions of items with reference to these figures 2-4 are also valid for identical elements of the second antenna of the antenna structure.
  • the radiating elements are hollow cylindrical elements arranged around an axis formed by a core. Souls can be solid or hollow and are conductive.
  • n the number of antennas in the structure
  • at least n-1 cores of the first antenna are hollow and receive a feed cable intended for a subsequent antenna in the antenna structure.
  • the cores 191 and 190 forming the axes of the additional successions of radiating elements, called lateral cores are hollow and one of the cores 191 comprises the supply cable 17 for the second antenna 20.
  • the coaxial cable therefore passes inside radiating elements, quarter-wave traps and the terminal element, as visible in the figures.
  • the central core forming the axis of the first succession of radiating elements and allowing the supply of the antenna is composed of a solid part 163 and of a hollow part 162, surrounded by a conductive cylindrical element 161 .
  • the central core allows the antenna impedance to be matched to the appropriate impedance for the frequency considered.
  • Part 163 is an impedance adjustment element. According to other embodiments, the part 163 can also be hollow. According to other embodiments, the part 163 is not present and the antenna is connected to the hollow part 162.
  • the figure 2 shows a first detail of the first antenna 10 at the level of the feed input 16, at the first end of the first antenna of the antenna structure.
  • the sub-traps 15 1 and 15 2 are cylindrical in shape, each having a hollow conductive cylindrical outline (referenced respectively 151 1 and 151 2 ), a solid conductive base (referenced respectively 152 1 and 152 2 ), and an empty base with the opposite of the solid base.
  • Dielectric centering washers referenced respectively 153 1 and 153 2
  • the sub-traps do not include dielectric centering washers.
  • Solid bases allow electrical contact with a cable sheath coaxial, directly or via the side 191 core. In addition, they have orifices (not visible) for passing the side webs 190 and 191.
  • the coaxial cable is here in the lateral core 191 which passes inside the sub-traps, but if the quarter-wave sub-traps are of insufficient diameter, the coaxial cable can be fixed in contact with the cylindrical outline.
  • the figure 3 shows a second detail of the first antenna 10 at the level of the terminal element 13, at the second end of the first antenna of the antenna structure.
  • the terminal element 13 is formed by the lateral cores 190 and 191 extending in parallel after passing through the upper quarter-wave trap 14.
  • the terminal element comprises a hollow short-circuit element 192 connecting the two side webs 190 and 191 and extending, in this embodiment, perpendicular to said side webs 190 and 191.
  • Shorting element 192 is a structural extension of side web 190 and joins side web 191. In other embodiments, shorting element 192 may not be perpendicular to the side webs.
  • the first antenna comprises an upper quarter-wave trap 14, here comprising two sub-traps 140 and 141 arranged parallel to one another.
  • the sub-traps 140 and 141 have as their axis the lateral webs respectively 190 and 191.
  • the sub-traps 140 and 141 are formed of hollow cylindrical elements each closed at their base closest to the terminal element 13 by an annular element. conductor respectively referenced 142 and 143, forming a short-circuit of the sub-traps 140 and 141.
  • the annular conductive elements 142 and 143 are arranged on the antenna with a spacing less than or equal to a quarter wave at the center frequency of operation with respect to the end of the lateral webs 190 and 191.
  • these can each comprise, in a similar way to the lower sub-traps, a dielectric washer (respectively referenced 144 and 145) disposed at the base of the cylindrical member opposite to that comprising the conductive annular member.
  • a dielectric washer (respectively referenced 144 and 145) disposed at the base of the cylindrical member opposite to that comprising the conductive annular member.
  • the antenna structure comprises an intermediate quarter-wave trap 131, here cylindrical and similar in structure to quarter-wave traps. lower wave.
  • the lateral core 191 comprising the coaxial cable 17 extends after the terminal element 13, thus forming an extension 194 preferably collinear with the axis of the central core of the antennas.
  • the intermediate quarter-wave trap 131 surrounds the coaxial cable 17 at this extension 194.
  • the extension 194 ends after the quarter-wave trap 131 and the coaxial cable 17 comes out of the extension and is arranged so as to be connected. at the next antenna, here the second antenna 20.
  • the dimensions of the intermediate quarter-wave trap will be such that the sum of its radius with its length will be less than or equal to a quarter of the wavelength associated with the central frequency Operating.
  • a sheath current blocking device 18 may be attached to the coaxial cable 17.
  • This blocking device 18 may be composed of one or more wired or L-shaped quarter-wave traps, or one or more blocking ferrites, the impedance of which will be as high as possible at the operating frequency of the system. Ferrites will preferably be used when the cross section of the coaxial cable is reduced.
  • the section of bare coaxial cable 17 between the intermediate quarter-wave trap 131 and the blocking device 18 should be small with respect to the working wavelength (typically less than one sixth of the length of wave at the lowest operating frequency).
  • connection elements 264 and 265 are dimensioned to ensure the continuity of the characteristic impedance between the coaxial cable 17 and the excitation input 26.
  • the connection elements may be of a frustoconical shape of size adapted to the characteristic impedance of the antenna or, if the impedance of the antenna is a standard impedance of the 50 ⁇ type, of shape in line with the diameter of the antenna.
  • coaxial cable 17. Preferably, the distance between the terminal element of the preceding antenna and the excitation input of the following antenna should be greater than one third of the operating wavelength.
  • the figure 4 shows a third detail of the first antenna 10 at the level of the radiating portion.
  • the first succession of radiating elements is composed of radiating elements 12i comprising a conductive hollow cylinder 120 positioned coaxially with the central core 162 (which thereby participates locally in the radiation along the length of the cylinder 120).
  • the cylinder 120 is spaced from the central core by annular dielectric centering elements 112.
  • the additional successions of radiating elements include the radiating elements 11i.
  • a first additional succession of radiating elements is formed by hollow conductive cylinders 110 positioned around an axis formed by the lateral core 190.
  • a second additional succession of radiating elements is formed by hollow conductive cylinders positioned around an axis formed by the lateral web 191.
  • the lateral webs 190 and 191 thereby participate locally in the radiation along the length of the cylinders.
  • the cylinders 110 and 111 are spaced from their respective lateral webs 190 and 191 by annular dielectric centering elements 112.
  • the relative permittivity of the centering elements 112 modifies the guided length of the coaxial sections: thus, the thickness and the relative permittivity of these centering elements 112 directly influence the length of the radiating elements 11i.
  • the length of the latter will then be close to the guided half wavelength ⁇ G effective at the central operating frequency (in particular between 0.43 ⁇ G and 0.5 ⁇ G).
  • the cylinders 110 and 111 are electrically connected, ideally over their entire length, to the central core 162.
  • the length of the cylinders 110, 111 and 120 are the same.
  • the length of the preceding cylinders on these other antennas could be reduced (generally by less than 5%) compared to their length on the first antenna, in order to reduce the secondary lobes towards the top. low.
  • the figure 5 schematically shows in perspective an antenna structure according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This embodiment is identical to the first embodiment of the invention, except that the extension 194 is longer (over several working wavelengths) in order to increase the decoupling between the two antennas (decoupling greater than 50 dB ).
  • the blocking sub-devices are divided into two groups, a first group 18 1 of blocking sub-devices 180 formed of cylindrical elements of the quarter-wave trap type, the short circuits of which connecting them to the coaxial cable 17 are arranged side of the second antenna 20, and a second group 18 2 of blocking sub-devices 181 formed of cylindrical elements of the quarter-wave trap type whose short-circuits connecting them to the coaxial cable 17 are arranged on the side of the first antenna 10.
  • the blocking sub-devices are spaced at most one third of the wavelength relative to the central working frequency.
  • the figure 6 schematically shows in perspective an antenna structure according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the antenna structure comprises three antennas, a first antenna 10, a second antenna 20 and a third antenna 30.
  • the principle of operation and the elements described for an antenna structure with two antennas with reference to the figures 1 to 4 apply in this antenna structure with three antennas.
  • each antenna includes an input excitation (referenced respectively 16, 26 and 36 for the first, second and third antenna), a lower quarter-wave trap (respectively referenced 15, 25 and 35 for the first, second and third antenna), a first succession of 'radiating elements (referenced 12 1 and 12 2 for the first antenna 10, 22 1 and 22 2 for the second antenna 20, and 32 1 and 32 2 for the third antenna 30), two additional successions of radiating elements (referenced 11 1 and 11 2 for the first antenna 10, 21 1 and 21 2 for the second antenna 20, and 31 1 and 31 2 for the third antenna 30), an upper quarter-wave trap (referenced respectively 14, 24 and 34 for the first, second and third antenna), a terminal element (referenced respectively 13, 23 and 33 for the first, second and third antenna), and two intermediate quarter-wave traps, a first quarter-wave trap 131 intermediate between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 (including nt two sub-traps, one by coaxial cable going from the first to the second antenna), and a second trap 231 intermediate quarter wave
  • the coaxial feed cable 17 for the second antenna 20 passes through the first antenna 10 in one of these hollow cores, for example the lateral core 191 as described above.
  • a coaxial feed cable 27 passes through the first antenna 10 in another hollow core, for example in the lateral core 190 described above, then through the second antenna 20 via a hollow core.
  • the figure 7 schematically shows in perspective an antenna structure according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the antenna structure comprises five antennas, a first antenna 10 comprising a first succession of radiating elements 12 1 , 12 2 and four additional successions of radiating elements 11 1 , 11 2 (i.e.
  • a second antenna 20 comprising a first succession of radiating elements 22 1 , 22 2 and four additional successions of radiating elements 21 1 , 21 2 (i.e. four radiating elements side by side around four axes formed by four cores including at least three hollow cores to pass the coaxial cables of the three following antennas)
  • a third antenna 30 comprising a first succession of radiating elements 32 1 , 32 2 and four additional successions of radiating elements 31 1 , 31 2 (i.e.
  • a fourth antenna 40 comprising a first succession of radiating elements 42 1 , 42 2 and four additional successions of radiating elements 41 1 , 41 2 (i.e. four radiating elements side side by side around four axes formed by four cores including at least one hollow core to pass the coaxial cables of the next antenna), and a fifth antenna 50 comprising a first succession of radiating elements 52 1 , 52 2 and four successions additional radiating elements 51 1 , 51 2 (ie four radiating elements side by side around four axes formed by four cores, hollow or not).
  • the second, third, fourth and fifth antennas do not need four hollow cores to allow the passage of four coaxial cables, the number of additional successions of radiating elements can be reduced to correspond to the number of hollow cores required.
  • the third, fourth and fifth antennas can take the form of the antennas described previously in the third embodiment described with reference to figure 6 .
  • each antenna comprises, in addition to the first succession of radiating elements (12 1 and 12 2 for the first antenna 10, and 22 1 and 22 2 for the second antenna 20), a single additional succession of radiating elements (11 1 and 11 2 for the first antenna 10, and 21 1 and 21 2 for the second antenna 20), that is to say composed of an element radiating around an axis, in particular a hollow core making it possible to pass a coaxial cable.
  • This antenna structure is mechanically simpler but has a very slight omnidirectionality defect (less than 1 dB) and asymmetry of the side lobes.
  • the figure 9 is a unit radiation diagram in the vertical plane of an antenna structure according to one embodiment of the invention, in solid lines for the upper antenna (the last antenna of the antenna structure) and in dotted lines for the first antenna of the antenna structure.
  • the figure 10 is a graph representing the decoupling between the antennas and the impedance adaptations obtained by an antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the invention, expressed in dB with respect to the operating frequency.
  • the figure 11 is a graph showing the decoupling between the antennas and the impedance adaptations obtained by an antenna structure according to the second embodiment, expressed in dB with respect to the operating frequency.
  • the antenna structures can be surrounded by a radome not shown in the figures for reasons of clarity.
  • Radomes are dielectric structures based on glass fiber ensuring the tightness of the antenna structure and slightly modifying the radiation characteristics thereof depending on the relative permittivity and dielectric losses of the radome.
  • a mechanical holding device can be fitted to hold the upper antennas.
  • This is composed of dielectric elements of low permittivity fitted on the excitation bases on their upper part and on the terminal radiating elements on their lower part.
  • the dimensions of the elements described may differ from those shown in the figures.
  • the dimensions of the upper, lower and intermediate quarter-wave traps as well as of the terminal element can be modified according to the desired performances, in particular in terms of adaptation, gain, opening of the elevation diagram, minimization of the lobes. upper or lower secondary, etc.
  • the dimensions can also vary within the same antenna structure, between antennas, but while taking care to maintain similar radio characteristics.
  • the upper quarter-wave traps and the terminal elements must be of length less than or equal to the quarter-wave of the central operating frequency and the terminal element must be of less than or equal length to the upper quarter-wave trap.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Antennenstruktur für die Emission und/oder den Empfang von Meter- oder Dezimeterfrequenzwellen, die n kollineare Antennen umfasst, mit n≥2,
    - wobei jede Antenne (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) einen strahlenden Abschnitt umfasst, der eine erste Folge von i koaxialen strahlenden Elementen (121; 122; 221; 222; 321; 322; 421; 422; 521; 522) um eine erste Achse abwechselnd mit mindestens einer zusätzlichen Folge von i koaxialen strahlenden Elementen (111; 112; 211; 212; 311; 312; 411; 412; 511; 512) umfasst, wobei jede zusätzliche Folge um eine Achse angeordnet ist, die sich von der ersten Achse unterscheidet, mit i≥2,
    - wobei jede Antenne (10; 20; 30) unabhängig von einem Koaxialkabel an einem Anregungseingang (16; 26; 36) gespeist wird,
    - wobei jede Antenne (10; 20; 30) mindestens eine erste Viertelwellensperre (15; 25; 35), die zwischen dem Anregungseingang (16; 26; 36) und einem ersten Ende des strahlenden Abschnitts angeordnet ist, und mindestens eine zweite Viertelwellensperre (14; 24; 34), die an einem zweiten Ende des strahlenden Abschnitts angeordnet ist, umfasst,
    - wobei mindestens eine erste Antenne mindestens n-1 Hohlkerne (190, 191) umfasst, die sich über die gesamte Länge erstrecken, wobei die Hohlkerne die Achsen der Folgen von koaxialen strahlenden Elementen bilden und mindestens einer der Hohlkerne (191) konfiguriert ist, um ein Koaxialkabel (17) zu empfangen, das zur Speisung einer anderen, zur ersten Antenne kollinearen Antenne bestimmt ist,
    - wobei mindestens eine mittlere Viertelwellensperre (131; 231) zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden kollinearen Antennen um ein Koaxialkabel (17) angeordnet ist, und
    - ein Endstellenelement (13; 23; 33), das am zweiten Ende des strahlenden Abschnitts nach der zweiten Viertelwellensperre (14; 24; 34) angeordnet ist und aus dem oder den Hohlkernen der Antenne gebildet ist.
  2. Antennenstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzahl i von koaxialen strahlenden Elementen (121; 122; 111; 112; 221; 222; 211; 212) um jede Achse zwischen zwei und vier umfasst ist.
  3. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede zweite Viertelwellensperre (15; 25; 35), jede erste Viertelwellensperre (14; 24; 34) und jede mittlere Viertelwellensperre (131) von einem Hohlkern durchquert wird.
  4. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie n kollineare Antennen (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) umfasst, n>2, und dass jede kollineare Antenne mindestens n-x Hohlkerne umfasst, die sich über die gesamte Länge erstrecken, wobei die Hohlkerne konfiguriert sind, um ein Koaxialkabel zu empfangen, das zur Speisung einer anderen, zur Antenne kollinearen Antenne bestimmt ist, wobei x die Anzahl von Antennen ist, die dem Anregungseingang der Antenne entgegengesetzt auf der Antennenstruktur angeordnet sind.
  5. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Endstellenelement (13) ein Kurzschlusselement (192) umfasst, das zwei Hohlkerne (190, 191) der Antenne (10), zu der es gehört, verbindet.
  6. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede erste Viertelwellensperre (15; 25) aus zwei kollinearen zylindrischen Teilviertelwellensperren (151, 152; 251, 252), mit identischen Dimensionen und um einen Strahlenweg von den Teilviertelwellensperren beabstandet, zusammengesetzt sind.
  7. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede zweite Viertelwellensperre (14) aus zwei parallelen Teilviertelwellensperren (140, 141) mit identischen Dimensionen zusammengesetzt ist.
  8. Antennenstruktur nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antennenstruktur zwischen jeder Antenne mindestens eine Mantelstrom-Arretierungsvorrichtung (18) umfasst, die auf jedem Koaxialkabel (17) angeordnet ist.
EP18749010.7A 2017-06-26 2018-06-26 Kollineare antennenstruktur mit unabhängigen zugängen Active EP3646409B1 (de)

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FR1755843A FR3068176B1 (fr) 2017-06-26 2017-06-26 Structure antennaire colineaire a acces independants
PCT/FR2018/051559 WO2019002752A1 (fr) 2017-06-26 2018-06-26 Structure antennaire colinéaire à accès indépendants

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US20230036345A1 (en) * 2021-07-30 2023-02-02 Src, Inc. Folded monopole antenna for use within an array
US11476574B1 (en) 2022-03-31 2022-10-18 Isco International, Llc Method and system for driving polarization shifting to mitigate interference
US11476585B1 (en) 2022-03-31 2022-10-18 Isco International, Llc Polarization shifting devices and systems for interference mitigation
US11502404B1 (en) 2022-03-31 2022-11-15 Isco International, Llc Method and system for detecting interference and controlling polarization shifting to mitigate the interference
US11515652B1 (en) 2022-05-26 2022-11-29 Isco International, Llc Dual shifter devices and systems for polarization rotation to mitigate interference
US11509072B1 (en) 2022-05-26 2022-11-22 Isco International, Llc Radio frequency (RF) polarization rotation devices and systems for interference mitigation
US11509071B1 (en) 2022-05-26 2022-11-22 Isco International, Llc Multi-band polarization rotation for interference mitigation
US11985692B2 (en) 2022-10-17 2024-05-14 Isco International, Llc Method and system for antenna integrated radio (AIR) downlink and uplink beam polarization adaptation
US11990976B2 (en) 2022-10-17 2024-05-21 Isco International, Llc Method and system for polarization adaptation to reduce propagation loss for a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna
US11949489B1 (en) 2022-10-17 2024-04-02 Isco International, Llc Method and system for improving multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) beam isolation via alternating polarization
US11956058B1 (en) 2022-10-17 2024-04-09 Isco International, Llc Method and system for mobile device signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) improvement via polarization adjusting/optimization

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US11043739B2 (en) 2021-06-22
FR3068176B1 (fr) 2019-08-02
CN110731033B (zh) 2021-08-10
CN110731033A (zh) 2020-01-24
US20200185825A1 (en) 2020-06-11
EP3646409A1 (de) 2020-05-06
ES2885079T3 (es) 2021-12-13
FR3068176A1 (fr) 2018-12-28
PL3646409T3 (pl) 2021-12-13
WO2019002752A1 (fr) 2019-01-03

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