EP3638429A1 - High frequency wideband wide beam ultrasound emitter transducer for underwater communications - Google Patents
High frequency wideband wide beam ultrasound emitter transducer for underwater communicationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3638429A1 EP3638429A1 EP18746282.5A EP18746282A EP3638429A1 EP 3638429 A1 EP3638429 A1 EP 3638429A1 EP 18746282 A EP18746282 A EP 18746282A EP 3638429 A1 EP3638429 A1 EP 3638429A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- previous
- torus
- ultrasound transducer
- transducer according
- shape
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001166 Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)titanium;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZBSCCQXBYNSKPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead;oxomagnesium;2,4,5-trioxa-1$l^{5},3$l^{5}-diniobabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane 1,3-dioxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O.[Pb]=O.[Pb]=O.[Pb]=O.O1[Nb]2(=O)O[Nb]1(=O)O2 ZBSCCQXBYNSKPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012791 bagels Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/004—Mounting transducers, e.g. provided with mechanical moving or orienting device
- G10K11/006—Transducer mounting in underwater equipment, e.g. sonobuoys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0688—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction with foil-type piezoelectric elements, e.g. PVDF
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K2200/00—Details of methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general
- G10K2200/11—Underwater, e.g. transducers for generating acoustic waves underwater
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a high frequency, MHz range, ultrasound underwater emitter transducer with nearly omnidirectional radiation and a broadband frequency response using a multilayer structure of PVDF films for underwater communications.
- the transducer has the geometric shape of a toroid outer surface, using curved surfaces to control the acoustic wave's divergence angle and PVDF thin films in multilayer structures for a broadband frequency response.
- Electroacoustic transducers are a technology with more than 200 years, but the technology underwent a huge development during the First World War.
- the electroacoustic transducers are divided into 6 different types of technologies: Piezoelectric, Electro-Restrictive, Magnetostrictive, Electrostatic, Variable Reluctance Transducers and Dynamic Coil Transducers.
- Piezoelectric the most widely used technology today is Piezoelectric.
- the beam pattern can be defined as the relative amplitude of the acoustic pressure as a function of the angle. Different patterns are achieved by using particular shapes and/or arrays of transducers, by amplitude shading, beam steering and phase shading.
- the width of the main lobe, in degrees, is defined as the beam spread angle. Usually, there are additional lobes around the main lobe, which are called lateral lobes.
- the maximum response axis or the acoustic axis of a transducer is defined as the direction in which the acoustic response admits its maximum value.
- the levels of the secondary lobes can be reduced at the expense of the path extension by applying different stresses to the elements of a matrix. This is called amplitude fading.
- the electroacoustic efficiency of an emitter is defined as the ratio of the acoustic power generated to the total electrical power input and varies with frequency and it is expressed in percentage.
- the transmitting voltage response is defined as the acoustic output of a projector referenced to 1 m, for an input of 1 Vrms.
- the actual drive voltage of a transducer may be much higher than 1 Vrms and result in a higher acoustic output than its transmitting voltage response. This level is called sound pressure level.
- the receiving performance of a receiver is expressed as the open circuit voltage receiving sensitivity.
- the depth capability of transducers is limited basically by the failure of its pressure release material, degradation of the piezoelectric elements under hydrostatic pressure, and by the stress limits of the material and the structure.
- the following ones should also be considered:
- Piezoelectric ultrasound transducers at high frequencies usually operate in the 33 mode, that is, the deformation along the polarization axis and the excitation electric field point into the same direction.
- the free displacement of the material in direction 3, without restraining force and assuming uniform strain over the surface, is given by:
- the fundamental resonance frequency can be calculated from :
- the acoustic beam has a pattern characterized by its divergence angle, which depends on the transducer diameter and on the wavelength.
- the value of half beam divergence angle for a sound speed of 1500 m/s (in water) is given by:
- the acoustical impedance is defined as the ratio between the density of the material and the speed of sound :
- the main application identified for the present disclosure is wireless underwater communications.
- Underwater wireless communications represent today a technological challenge that has not yet found a solution to the current requirements.
- the underwater environment proves to be quite adverse with respect to wireless communications.
- Electromagnetic waves with radio frequency and optical can not propagate long distances from below water.
- the technology aimed at solving this problem is the acoustic waves.
- problems associated with this technology such as: low sound speed (+ -1500 m / s), echoes, multipath, noise, exponential attenuation with frequency and low performance of acoustic transducers in digital communications.
- acoustic transducers to be used as ultrasound emitters in underwater wireless communications.
- the transducer needs to have the following characteristics of acoustic wave control (centering the acoustic or omnidirectional beam), broadband frequencies (from kHz to MHz) and low power consumption (tens of watts).
- a broadband transducer is presented by Hans and Wash in U.S. Pat. 3,833,825.
- a matrix structure composed of parallelepiped with the same surface area elements but with different heights allows generate acoustic waves in a wide range of frequencies.
- the resonance frequency of each element is defined by the height of the parallelepiped, while the beam angle is defined by the transducer surface area.
- the problem with this solution is that for frequencies in the MHz range the transducer surface area for an omnidirectional response is greatly reduced which leads to also reduced acoustic power.
- the disclosure relates to a high frequency wideband wide beam ultrasound emitter/transducer.
- an underwater ultrasound transducer for underwater communications comprising an assembly of a backing structure and a multi-layer piezoelectric polymer film attached to a surface of said backing structure, wherein said surface has a shape of a torus or of part of a torus and said film has a shape of part of a cylindrical segment, wherein said film is arranged in the outer half-surface of the torus shape.
- An embodiment comprises a plurality of multi-layer piezoelectric polymer films attached to the surface of said backing structure, wherein each said film has a shape of part of a cylindrical segment and said films are arranged around the outer half-surface of the torus shape.
- the outer surface is the surface of the torus facing it surroundings.
- said films are arranged such that the axis of each cylindrical segment is collinear with the torus central line in the region of the respective film. This can be understood such that the cylinder of the cylindrical segment and the torus arm of the torus, or part-torus, are substantially parallel/coincident in said region.
- said film or films have a flattened shape of a rectangle wherein said rectangle is arranged on said surface lengthwise in respect of a meridian line of said torus.
- the film having a shape of a strip with the same width along a meridian line of said torus provides a transducer with improved signal quality, important for underwater communication. This thus provides an improved transducer, even if same torus area is not actively used, especially in the wider torus part, in particular around the equator region of the torus.
- said surface has a shape of a torus cut along its equator plane. This cut can be understood as a 'bagel'-cut. [0039] In an embodiment, said surface has a shape of a torus sector. This can be understood as a slice-of-cake kind of cut.
- said surface has a shape of a torus 180° sector.
- said surface has a shape of a torus sector cut along the torus equator plane.
- said surface has a shape of a torus 180° sector cut along the torus equator plane.
- said film is Polyviylidenefluoride (PVDF) and P(VDF-TrFE) polymer thin film.
- said film or films are glued to said surface of the backing structure.
- said glue is cured under pressure or under vacuum.
- said glue is silicone based or polyurethane based.
- An embodiment comprises electrical connections to said film or films.
- said connections are made of aluminum, gold, silver, silver ink or copper.
- the backing structure has an acoustic impedance superior to the acoustic impedance of the film such that the majority of acoustic energy is sent towards the exterior of the transducer.
- An embodiment comprises a waterproofing layer.
- the waterproofing layer comprises silicone or polyurethane.
- the transducer is an emitter.
- the most basic and common transducer shape is the piston-type transducer, which is, basically, a piezoelectric with a disk shape. Most often those transducers are manufactured with ceramic piezoelectric materials such as: lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lead titanate (PT), lead magnesium niobate (PMN) and lead zinc niobate (PZN). These ceramics are commonly used as resonators since they show a high piezoelectric coefficient and high acoustic impedance.
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- PT lead titanate
- PMN lead magnesium niobate
- PZN lead zinc niobate
- PVDF polyviylidenefluoride
- P(VDF-TrFE) single crystals
- PZT, PMN and PZN single crystals
- the polymeric based solutions have the lowest acoustic impedance among all materials used in underwater acoustic transducers.
- PVDF polyviylidenefluoride
- PZT, PMN and PZN single crystals
- the resonance effect reduction has two major consequences: First, it reduces the sound pressure level output; second, it increases the transducer usable bandwidth which is desirable for broadband digital communications.
- PVDF has a low Piezoelectric Coefficient, almost 20 times lower than common piezo ceramics. Nevertheless, it is possible to overcome this limitation by suitable transducer design. Using a laminated transducer by gluing several layers of PVDF films, as presented in Fig 1, it is possible to significantly increase the transducer performance. Another possible solution is to increase the transducer surface area but, for the piston transducer, this will reduce the beam divergence angle, according to equation (5).
- One solution to implement a wide beam transducer without compromising the acoustic power level is to use a curved surface, where the area is practically unlimited, once the transducer surface is proportional to the circumference radius, as shown in Fig. 2.
- Figure 1 Schematic representation of a multilayer transducer, electrical scheme for a PVDF thin films 4-layer structure.
- Figure 2 Schematic representation of an embodiment of a cylinder shape transducer with radius r, where the transducer length (in red) is equal to the arc length in the circular sector defined by the central angle ⁇ .
- Figure 3 Schematic representation of a front view of an embodiment of the omnidirectional transducer composed of several multilayer structures of PVDF, where S represents thin film multi-layered PVDF structures.
- Figure 4 Schematic representation of a side view of an embodiment of the omnidirectional transducer composed of several multilayer structures of PVDF, where S represents thin film multi-layered PVDF structures.
- Figure 5 Schematic representation of a view of the lateral inner cut of an embodiment of the omnidirectional transducer composed of several multilayer structures of PVDF, where S represents thin film multi-layered PVDF structures.
- Figure 6 Schematic representation of results obtained from the FEM simulation of sound pressure level for 750 kHz and 1.25 MHz.
- Figure 7 Schematic representation of results obtained for unnormalized radiation diagram for various frequencies between 250 kHz and 1.5 MHz.
- Figure 9 Photographic illustration of an embodiment of the disclosed transducer.
- the transducer is composed of 3 different parts: backing layer, active element and waterproofing layer.
- the backing layer is composed by a material with an acoustic impedance far superior to the acoustic impedance of the active element to ensure that the acoustic energy is sent in its entirety in the desired direction.
- the support, or backing, layer is also responsible for securing and forming the active element, which in this case, according to an embodiment, corresponds to a stainless steel structure in the geometric form equivalent to the outer surface of a toroid.
- the multilayer structures are placed on the outer side surface in the ring as shown, according to an embodiment, in Figure 3 and 4.
- the active element consists of a PVDF thin films multilayer structure with electrical connections in parallel.
- the active element can be divided into smaller transducers in order to control the opening angle of the acoustic beam, where the minimum angle is equal to the opening of a single structure and the maximum angle corresponds to the use of all structures.
- PVDF thin films with electrodes can range from 5 to 200 10 "6 meters.
- Each layer is glued using low density silicone or polyurethane and the cured in a hydraulic press. This process allows to remove the glue excesses and to guarantee a thin thickness and homogeneity throughout the whole structure. After curing, according to an embodiment, all layers are wired between layers.
- the waterproofing consists in a layer of silicone or polyurethane with low densities to ensure a good acoustic conduction between the active element and the medium.
- This layer has as main objective to prevent that water or other liquids infiltrate in the electrical connections.
- This layer is the last procedure performed during the transducer manufacture.
- the design model prototype was implemented in a Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation platform COMSOL Multiphysics in a 2D symmetric plane with the models Piezo Strain Plane for the active element actuation and the model Pressure Acoustic for the pressure waves.
- FEM Finite Element Method
- the selected mesh has particles with triangular shape and with 300 ⁇ size in a half-sphere shaped environment with 30 cm radius.
- the simulations were performed with the following settings: fresh water as propagation medium, 20 °C of temperature.
- FIG. 7 shows the measured transmitting voltage response (TVR) at 1 meter as a function of the beam spreading angle for 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 kHz.
- the graph shows the response to a symmetric axis in XY plane according Figure 2.
- the transducer In terms of angle response, the transducer has a beam wider than the expected 70 degrees and in terms of bandwidth at 1 meter showed a quality factor of 1.5 centered in 755 kHz, demonstrating high bandwidth properties.
- Figure 8 shows the transducer response between 200 kHz and 1.5 MHz for 1, 5 and 10 meters distances.
- the transducer was designed for frequencies up to 1 MHz, but the results show that the transducer is able to operate with frequencies up to 1.5 MHz at short distances. However, it was not possible to do proper measurements at higher distances since, as previously mentioned, the hydrophone sensibility strongly decrease after 1 MHz and at 5 and 10 m it was not enough to capture the acoustic signal.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PT11015217 | 2017-06-16 | ||
PCT/IB2018/054471 WO2018229735A1 (en) | 2017-06-16 | 2018-06-18 | High frequency wideband wide beam ultrasound emitter transducer for underwater communications |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3638429A1 true EP3638429A1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
EP3638429B1 EP3638429B1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
Family
ID=63036263
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18746282.5A Active EP3638429B1 (en) | 2017-06-16 | 2018-06-18 | High frequency wideband wide beam ultrasound emitter transducer for underwater communications |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3638429B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT3638429T (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018229735A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3833825A (en) | 1973-04-11 | 1974-09-03 | Honeywell Inc | Wide-band electroacoustic transducer |
US5343443A (en) | 1990-10-15 | 1994-08-30 | Rowe, Deines Instruments, Inc. | Broadband acoustic transducer |
US5321332A (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1994-06-14 | The Whitaker Corporation | Wideband ultrasonic transducer |
CN101604020B (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2011-08-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Method for realizing high-frequency wideband omnidirectional cylindrical array |
US8027224B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2011-09-27 | Brown David A | Broadband underwater acoustic transducer |
DE102011121006B4 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2015-08-13 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Electroacoustic transducer |
JP5802886B1 (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-11-04 | 本多電子株式会社 | Spherical ultrasonic transducer, underwater measuring device |
-
2018
- 2018-06-18 PT PT187462825T patent/PT3638429T/en unknown
- 2018-06-18 WO PCT/IB2018/054471 patent/WO2018229735A1/en unknown
- 2018-06-18 EP EP18746282.5A patent/EP3638429B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3638429B1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
PT3638429T (en) | 2021-11-09 |
WO2018229735A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
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Inventor name: VALENTE GONCALVES, LUIS MIGUEL Inventor name: SILVA MARTINS, MARCOS Inventor name: FREITAS GOMES DA SILVA, ANTONIO JOAO Inventor name: MACHADO JESUS, SERGIO MANUEL |
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