EP3631031A1 - New duplex stainless steel - Google Patents

New duplex stainless steel

Info

Publication number
EP3631031A1
EP3631031A1 EP18724584.0A EP18724584A EP3631031A1 EP 3631031 A1 EP3631031 A1 EP 3631031A1 EP 18724584 A EP18724584 A EP 18724584A EP 3631031 A1 EP3631031 A1 EP 3631031A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
less
duplex stainless
stainless steel
equal
content
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18724584.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3631031B1 (en
Inventor
Eleonora BETTINI
Raghuveer GADDAM
Karin ANTONSSON
Guocai Chai
Christina HARALDSSON
Siriki RAVEENDRA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alleima Tube AB
Original Assignee
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik Intellectual Property AB filed Critical Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Publication of EP3631031A1 publication Critical patent/EP3631031A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3631031B1 publication Critical patent/EP3631031B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a new duplex stainless steel. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a product comprising the duplex stainless steel and to a
  • the manufacturing method comprises a step of heat treating an object comprising the duplex stainless steel at a predetermined temperature and during a predetermined time.
  • Duplex stainless steels are a group of stainless steels which has a two-phase structure, namely austenitic and ferritic phase. These steels usually have a combination of good mechanical properties (such as strength and toughness) and good corrosion resistance. However, in certain applications, there is a need for a duplex stainless steel having even higher strength and which also can be manufactured for a reasonable price, i.e. containing lower amount of expensive alloying elements.
  • the aim of the present disclosure is to provide a duplex stainless steel which has a combination of high strength and high ductility and good corrosion resistance and which may be manufactured for a reasonable price.
  • the present disclosure therefore provides a duplex stainless steel comprising in weight (wt%):
  • the alloying element tantalum (Ta) is usually added to a steel alloy for obtaining either a grain refinement effect or for stabilizing the microstructure.
  • Ta is usually not added to duplex stainless steels as these steels contain high amounts of nitrogen.
  • Ta is well-known to form nitrides and therefore, by adding Ta to a duplex stainless steel, there will be an increased risk for the formation of undesirable precipitates, which in turn will reduce the corrosion resistance.
  • the present inventors have found that by adding Ta in the specific ranges disclosed herein, the problems above do not occur, instead the strength of the duplex stainless steel is increased.
  • the present disclosure also relates to products comprising the present duplex stainless steel.
  • the present disclosure further relates to a method for manufacturing a product comprising the duplex stainless steel as defined hereinabove or hereinafter, wherein the method comprises a step of heat treating an object/a product comprising said duplex stainless at a temperature from 800 to less than 1050 °C during a predetermined time. It has surprisingly been shown that by exposing the duplex stainless steel as defined herein above or hereinafter to this heat treatment step, which may, according to one
  • Figure 1 discloses the percentage change in yield strength of duplex stainless steels with heats to which Ta has been added in a certain amount and which then have been heat treated.
  • the present disclosure relates a duplex stainless steel comprising in weight (wt%): c less than or equal to 0.03;
  • the duplex stainless steel of the present disclosure is what is called a low alloyed duplex stainless steel meaning that it contains low amounts of Ni.
  • the present inventors have surprisingly found that by adding Ta in the range as disclosed herein to a low alloyed duplex stainless steel, the strength of the duplex stainless steel will be improved and furthermore a combination of high strength and high ductility will be obtained.
  • the volume fraction of ferrite:austenite is 35:65 to 65:35. According to one embodiment, the volume fraction of ferrite:austenite is 40:60 to 60:40, such as 50:50.
  • wt% is weight :
  • Carbon (C) is limited to a content of 0.03 wt% or less to secure the corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel. A content above 0.03 wt% will reduce the corrosion resistance and toughness due to the formation of chromium carbides.
  • Silicon (Si) is added in an amount of less than or equal to 1.0 wt% to obtain deoxidation.
  • Si will promote the precipitation of intermetallic phases, such as sigma phase, therefore the content of Si is 1.0 wt% or less, such as 0.6 wt% or less.
  • the minimum amount of Si is 0.01 wt%.
  • Si is in the range of from 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, such as 0.3 to 0.6 wt%.
  • Mn Manganese
  • Mn is added to most duplex stainless alloys because of its ability to bind sulphur, thereby improving the hot ductility. Mn has also an austenitic stabilizing effect. However, if Mn is added in concentrations above 2.0 wt , such as 1.2 wt%, the corrosion resistance and toughness of the duplex stainless steel will be deteriorated. According to one embodiment, the minimum amount of Mn is 0.01 wt%. According to one embodiment, Mn is in the range of from 0.5 to 1.0 wt%, such as 0.7 to 0.9 wt%.
  • Phosphorous (P) will degrade the hot workability, weldability and toughness of the duplex stainless steel and is therefore limited to 0.05 wt% or less, such as 0.04% or less.
  • Sulphur (S) will also degrade the hot workability, toughness and corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel and is therefore limited to 0.05 wt% or less, such as 0.03 wt% or less.
  • Nickel (Ni) will stabilize the austenite structure of the duplex stainless steel and will also improve the corrosion resistance and the toughness. On the other hand, it is an expensive alloying element and it is therefore limited to a content of from 3.5 to 5.5 wt%, such as 3.5 to 5.0 wt%.
  • Chromium (Cr) is included in an amount of at least 21 wt% for securing good corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel. Cr will stabilize the ferritic structure of the duplex stainless steel. On the other hand, if the content of Cr is above 24.0 wt%, intermetallic compounds will more easily precipitate and thereby impair the toughness and corrosion resistance. Thus, the content of Cr is therefore of from. 21.0 to 24.0 wt%, such as 22.0 to 23.5 wt%.
  • Molybdenum (Mo) is added for increasing the corrosion resistance and for stabilizing the ferrite phase. Flowever, if Mo is added in too high amounts, it will promote the formation of intermetallic phases, which is detrimental for both the corrosion resistance and the toughness. In the present duplex stainless steel, Mo is therefore included in a range of 0.5 wt% or less, such as 0.3 wt% or less. According to one embodiment, the minimum amount of Mo is 0.01 wt%. According to one embodiment, the content of Mo is of from 0.2 to 0.4 wt%. Nitrogen (N) is an element effective for enter solid solution in the austenite phase and also for raising the strength and corrosion resistance.
  • the content of N is between 0.05 to 0.20 wt%. According to one embodiment, the content of N is of from 0.09 to 0.18 wt%.
  • Tantalum (Ta) will form carbide, nitride and oxide precipitates, such as TaC, TaN, TaO and/or Ta(C,N). These are stable particles which are difficult to dissolve in a steel.
  • Ta is present in the amount of from 0.05 to 0.65 wt , the strength of the duplex stainless steel will be increased.
  • the content of Ta is of from 0.05 to 0.60 wt%.
  • the amount is of from 0.20 to 0.60 wt%, the strength of the present steel will be greatly improved.
  • the duplex stainless steel as defined hereinabove or hereinafter may optionally comprise one or more of the following elements selected from the group of Al, V, Nb, Ti, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ca, La, Ce, Y, Cu, W and B. These elements may be added during the manufacturing process in order to enhance e.g. deoxidation, corrosion resistance, hot ductility or machinability. However, as known in the art, the addition of these elements have to be adapted depending on which other alloying elements are present and on the desired effect. Thus, if added the total content of these elements is less than or equal to 1.0 wt%.
  • the term "impurities" as referred to herein is intended to mean substances that will contaminate the duplex stainless steel when it is industrially produced, due to the raw materials such as ores and scraps, and due to various other factors in the production process, and are allowed to contaminate within the ranges not adversely affecting the duplex stainless steel as defined hereinabove or hereinafter.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing a product comprising the duplex stainless alloy as defined hereinabove or hereinafter, the method comprises the steps of:
  • the obtained melt may be poured into a mold. As soon as the obtained melt is in the mold, it will begin to cool and the solidification starts. The obtained object is then removed from the mold.
  • the melting point as this is an alloy, will be a temperature range and will depend on the composition of the alloy.
  • the object will be hot worked.
  • hot working methods are forging, hot rolling, and extrusion.
  • the hot working step may include a combination of different hot working methods or the object may be hot worked several times using the same hot working method.
  • the object may be cold worked or directly heat treated.
  • Example of cold working methods are cold rolling and cold drawing.
  • the cold working step may include one or more cold working methods which may be the same or different.
  • the heat treatment step is the most important step of the present manufacturing method, as it has surprisingly been shown that heat treatment will increase the strength of the obtained product.
  • the heat treatment step is performed during a predetermined time, which will depend on the shape and the thickness of the product, example of a predetermined time is a range of from 10 minutes to 1 h, such as from 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
  • the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of from 800 to 1050°C.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment step may be in the range of 850°C to 1000°C, such as 850 to 950°C, such as 850 to 900°C.
  • the performed heat treatment is solution annealing.
  • the obtained product is cooled by e.g. quenching in liquid, such as water, or by using air cooling to room temperature.
  • Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the manufactured heats, as can be seen from the table the heats are low duplex stainless steel as they contain low amount of Ni. Since Ni and N are both austenite stabilizing alloying elements, they can compensate each other to a certain extent as shown in heat 10, i.e. to obtain structure stability of a duplex stainless steel, an increase in N may reduce the Ni content in the steel.
  • the alloys investigated were produced in the form of a cast ingot weighing 1 kg.
  • the melting was performed by vacuum induction melting and then the melt was cast to ingots which were hot rolled to final dimensions of 7 X 7 mm at 1150°C followed by air cooling.
  • Table 1 Chemical composition of the duplex stainless steels heats- the given values are in wt%. The balance is iron and inevitable impurities. Heats marked with “ * " are inside the scope of the disclosure.
  • Table 2 shows a summary of the tensile properties for the heats.
  • the addition of Ta in the range of 0.05-0.65 wt.% will have a combined effect both on the increase of Rp0.2 (yield strength) and Rm (tensile strength) compared with the reference samples (1, 8 and 9).
  • heat treatment of an object at 850-900°C for 10-30 minutes of heat 1 has an opposite effect compared to duplex stainless steels of the present disclosure, i.e. it resulted in a decrease in both Rp0.2 and Rm.
  • Tensile testing was performed on samples termed 4C30 (i.e.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a new duplex stainless steel. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a product comprising the duplex stainless steel, which method comprises the step of performing a heat treatment on an object comprising the duplex stainless steel at a predetermined temperature and during a predetermined time.

Description

New duplex stainless steel
Technical field
The present disclosure relates to a new duplex stainless steel. Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a product comprising the duplex stainless steel and to a
manufacturing method for the product. The manufacturing method comprises a step of heat treating an object comprising the duplex stainless steel at a predetermined temperature and during a predetermined time. Background
Duplex stainless steels are a group of stainless steels which has a two-phase structure, namely austenitic and ferritic phase. These steels usually have a combination of good mechanical properties (such as strength and toughness) and good corrosion resistance. However, in certain applications, there is a need for a duplex stainless steel having even higher strength and which also can be manufactured for a reasonable price, i.e. containing lower amount of expensive alloying elements.
The aim of the present disclosure is to provide a duplex stainless steel which has a combination of high strength and high ductility and good corrosion resistance and which may be manufactured for a reasonable price.
Summary
The present disclosure therefore provides a duplex stainless steel comprising in weight (wt%):
C less than or equal to 0.03;
Si less than or equal to 1.0;
Mn less than or equal to 2.0;
Mo less than or equal to 0.5;
P less than or equal to 0.05;
s less than or equal to 0.05;
N 0.05 to 0.20; Ni 3.5 to 5.5;
Cr 21 to 24;
Ta 0.05 to 0.65;
balance Fe and unavoidable impurities and having a ferrite:austenite volume fraction of 35:65 to 65:35.
The alloying element tantalum (Ta) is usually added to a steel alloy for obtaining either a grain refinement effect or for stabilizing the microstructure. However, Ta is usually not added to duplex stainless steels as these steels contain high amounts of nitrogen. Ta is well-known to form nitrides and therefore, by adding Ta to a duplex stainless steel, there will be an increased risk for the formation of undesirable precipitates, which in turn will reduce the corrosion resistance. Surprisingly, the present inventors have found that by adding Ta in the specific ranges disclosed herein, the problems above do not occur, instead the strength of the duplex stainless steel is increased. The present disclosure also relates to products comprising the present duplex stainless steel.
The present disclosure further relates to a method for manufacturing a product comprising the duplex stainless steel as defined hereinabove or hereinafter, wherein the method comprises a step of heat treating an object/a product comprising said duplex stainless at a temperature from 800 to less than 1050 °C during a predetermined time. It has surprisingly been shown that by exposing the duplex stainless steel as defined herein above or hereinafter to this heat treatment step, which may, according to one
embodiment, be performed at lower temperatures than usually used in conventional steel manufacturing methods, the strength of the obtained object/product will increase even more. Figures
Figure 1 discloses the percentage change in yield strength of duplex stainless steels with heats to which Ta has been added in a certain amount and which then have been heat treated.
Detailed description
The present disclosure relates a duplex stainless steel comprising in weight (wt%): c less than or equal to 0.03;
Si less than or equal to 1.0;
Mn less than or equal to 2.0;
Mo less than or equal to 0.5;
P less than or equal to 0.05;
s less than or equal to 0.05;
N 0.05 to 0.20;
Ni 3.5 to 5.5;
Cr 21 to 24;
Ta 0.05 to 0.65;
balance Fe and unavoidable impurities and having a ferrite:austenite volume fraction of 35:65 to 65:35.
The duplex stainless steel of the present disclosure is what is called a low alloyed duplex stainless steel meaning that it contains low amounts of Ni. The present inventors have surprisingly found that by adding Ta in the range as disclosed herein to a low alloyed duplex stainless steel, the strength of the duplex stainless steel will be improved and furthermore a combination of high strength and high ductility will be obtained.
According to the present disclosure the volume fraction of ferrite:austenite is 35:65 to 65:35. According to one embodiment, the volume fraction of ferrite:austenite is 40:60 to 60:40, such as 50:50. Hereinafter, the alloying elements of the duplex stainless steel as defined hereinabove or hereinafter are discussed, wherein wt% is weight :
Carbon (C) is limited to a content of 0.03 wt% or less to secure the corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel. A content above 0.03 wt% will reduce the corrosion resistance and toughness due to the formation of chromium carbides.
Silicon (Si) is added in an amount of less than or equal to 1.0 wt% to obtain deoxidation. However, above 1.0 wt%, Si will promote the precipitation of intermetallic phases, such as sigma phase, therefore the content of Si is 1.0 wt% or less, such as 0.6 wt% or less. According to one embodiment, the minimum amount of Si is 0.01 wt%. According to one embodiment, Si is in the range of from 0.2 to 0.6 wt%, such as 0.3 to 0.6 wt%.
Manganese (Mn) is added to most duplex stainless alloys because of its ability to bind sulphur, thereby improving the hot ductility. Mn has also an austenitic stabilizing effect. However, if Mn is added in concentrations above 2.0 wt , such as 1.2 wt%, the corrosion resistance and toughness of the duplex stainless steel will be deteriorated. According to one embodiment, the minimum amount of Mn is 0.01 wt%. According to one embodiment, Mn is in the range of from 0.5 to 1.0 wt%, such as 0.7 to 0.9 wt%.
Phosphorous (P) will degrade the hot workability, weldability and toughness of the duplex stainless steel and is therefore limited to 0.05 wt% or less, such as 0.04% or less.
Sulphur (S) will also degrade the hot workability, toughness and corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel and is therefore limited to 0.05 wt% or less, such as 0.03 wt% or less.
Nickel (Ni) will stabilize the austenite structure of the duplex stainless steel and will also improve the corrosion resistance and the toughness. On the other hand, it is an expensive alloying element and it is therefore limited to a content of from 3.5 to 5.5 wt%, such as 3.5 to 5.0 wt%. Chromium (Cr) is included in an amount of at least 21 wt% for securing good corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel. Cr will stabilize the ferritic structure of the duplex stainless steel. On the other hand, if the content of Cr is above 24.0 wt%, intermetallic compounds will more easily precipitate and thereby impair the toughness and corrosion resistance. Thus, the content of Cr is therefore of from. 21.0 to 24.0 wt%, such as 22.0 to 23.5 wt%.
Molybdenum (Mo) is added for increasing the corrosion resistance and for stabilizing the ferrite phase. Flowever, if Mo is added in too high amounts, it will promote the formation of intermetallic phases, which is detrimental for both the corrosion resistance and the toughness. In the present duplex stainless steel, Mo is therefore included in a range of 0.5 wt% or less, such as 0.3 wt% or less. According to one embodiment, the minimum amount of Mo is 0.01 wt%. According to one embodiment, the content of Mo is of from 0.2 to 0.4 wt%. Nitrogen (N) is an element effective for enter solid solution in the austenite phase and also for raising the strength and corrosion resistance. For this reason, it is included in the present duplex stainless steel in an amount of 0.05 wt% or more. I contained above 0.20 wt%, N will cause nitrides to precipitate and thereby reduce the toughness and corrosion resistance. Thus, the content of N is between 0.05 to 0.20 wt%. According to one embodiment, the content of N is of from 0.09 to 0.18 wt%.
Tantalum (Ta) will form carbide, nitride and oxide precipitates, such as TaC, TaN, TaO and/or Ta(C,N). These are stable particles which are difficult to dissolve in a steel. In the present duplex stainless steel, it has surprisingly been found that if Ta is present in the amount of from 0.05 to 0.65 wt , the strength of the duplex stainless steel will be increased. According to one embodiment, the content of Ta is of from 0.05 to 0.60 wt%. According to one embodiment, if the amount is of from 0.20 to 0.60 wt%, the strength of the present steel will be greatly improved. The duplex stainless steel as defined hereinabove or hereinafter may optionally comprise one or more of the following elements selected from the group of Al, V, Nb, Ti, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ca, La, Ce, Y, Cu, W and B. These elements may be added during the manufacturing process in order to enhance e.g. deoxidation, corrosion resistance, hot ductility or machinability. However, as known in the art, the addition of these elements have to be adapted depending on which other alloying elements are present and on the desired effect. Thus, if added the total content of these elements is less than or equal to 1.0 wt%.
The term "impurities" as referred to herein is intended to mean substances that will contaminate the duplex stainless steel when it is industrially produced, due to the raw materials such as ores and scraps, and due to various other factors in the production process, and are allowed to contaminate within the ranges not adversely affecting the duplex stainless steel as defined hereinabove or hereinafter. The present disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing a product comprising the duplex stainless alloy as defined hereinabove or hereinafter, the method comprises the steps of:
providing a melt having the following composition:
C less than or equal to 0.03;
Si less than or equal to 1.0;
Mn less than or equal to 2.0;
Mo less than or equal to 0.5;
P less than or equal to 0.05;
s less than or equal to 0.05;
N 0.05 to 0.20;
Ni 3.5 to 5.5;
Cr 21.0 to 24.0;
Ta 0.05 to 0.65;
balance Fe and unavoidable impurities and a volume fraction of ferrite:austenite of 35:65 to 65:35;
casting the obtained melt to an object; hot working the object;
optionally cold working the hot worked object;
heat treating the object during a predetermined time and at a temperature range of from 800 to less than 1050 °C.
During the casting step, the obtained melt may be poured into a mold. As soon as the obtained melt is in the mold, it will begin to cool and the solidification starts. The obtained object is then removed from the mold. The melting point, as this is an alloy, will be a temperature range and will depend on the composition of the alloy.
The object will be hot worked. Examples of hot working methods are forging, hot rolling, and extrusion. The hot working step may include a combination of different hot working methods or the object may be hot worked several times using the same hot working method.
After the hot working step, the object may be cold worked or directly heat treated.
Example of cold working methods are cold rolling and cold drawing. As for hot working, the cold working step may include one or more cold working methods which may be the same or different.
The heat treatment step is the most important step of the present manufacturing method, as it has surprisingly been shown that heat treatment will increase the strength of the obtained product. The heat treatment step is performed during a predetermined time, which will depend on the shape and the thickness of the product, example of a predetermined time is a range of from 10 minutes to 1 h, such as from 10 minutes to 30 minutes. The heat treatment is performed at a temperature of from 800 to 1050°C. In order to obtain even higher yield strength, the temperature of the heat treatment step may be in the range of 850°C to 1000°C, such as 850 to 950°C, such as 850 to 900°C.
According to one embodiment, the performed heat treatment is solution annealing. After the heat treatment, the obtained product is cooled by e.g. quenching in liquid, such as water, or by using air cooling to room temperature.
The present disclosure is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1
Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the manufactured heats, as can be seen from the table the heats are low duplex stainless steel as they contain low amount of Ni. Since Ni and N are both austenite stabilizing alloying elements, they can compensate each other to a certain extent as shown in heat 10, i.e. to obtain structure stability of a duplex stainless steel, an increase in N may reduce the Ni content in the steel.
The alloys investigated were produced in the form of a cast ingot weighing 1 kg. The melting was performed by vacuum induction melting and then the melt was cast to ingots which were hot rolled to final dimensions of 7 X 7 mm at 1150°C followed by air cooling.
Subsequently, the hot rolled objects were subjected to solution annealing treatment for 10 minutes at the respective temperatures as shown in Table 2, followed by water quenching. Solution annealing was performed to achieve nearly equal proportions of austenite (γ) and ferrite (a).
Table 1 Chemical composition of the duplex stainless steels heats- the given values are in wt%. The balance is iron and inevitable impurities. Heats marked with " * " are inside the scope of the disclosure.
Tensile testing
Table 2 shows a summary of the tensile properties for the heats. As can be seen from the table, the addition of Ta in the range of 0.05-0.65 wt.% will have a combined effect both on the increase of Rp0.2 (yield strength) and Rm (tensile strength) compared with the reference samples (1, 8 and 9). As also can be seen from the Table 2, heat treatment of an object at 850-900°C for 10-30 minutes of heat 1 (without Ta added) has an opposite effect compared to duplex stainless steels of the present disclosure, i.e. it resulted in a decrease in both Rp0.2 and Rm. Tensile testing was performed on samples termed 4C30 (i.e. 4 mm in diameter and 30 mm in gauge length), the testing was performed at room temperature according to IS06892- 1:2009 For the duplex stainless steel according to the present disclosure, a heat treatment at the temperature range of 850 to 1050°C shows an improvement in yield strength and tensile strength. However, an even better improvement is shown for the temperatures of 850, 900 and 950°C when the samples are heat treated for 10 or30 minutes. As can be seen from table 3, this will provide a significantly improvement in yield strength and tensile strength.
Table 2 The mechanical properties for the heats after heat treatment
Heat Heat treatment Rpo.2 Rm ALo20 ARpo.2 %ARm %AA
Temperature (°C) Time MPa Stdv MPa Stdv % Stdv
(min)
1 1050 10 432.50 2.12 666.95 0.35 49.05 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 850 10 397.00 2.83 642.50 3.54 51.55 0.21 -8.21 -3.67 5.10
1 850 30 373.50 2.12 645.50 4.95 52.85 0.07 -13.64 -3.22 7.75
1 900 10 344.50 2.12 616.00 2.83 56.75 0.35 -20.35 -7.64 15.70
2* 1050 10 454.50 6.36 681.50 2.97 44.90 0.28 5.09 2.18 -8.46
3* 1050 10 446.00 1.41 683.15 3.46 44.15 0.21 3.12 2.43 -9.99
4* 1050 10 449.50 0.71 694.15 1.20 44.40 0.14 3.93 4.08 -9.48
5* 1050 10 440.50 0.71 687.90 3.11 49.15 0.07 1.85 3.14 0.20
5* 900 10 573.50 3.54 814.50 3.54 46.40 0.28 32.60 22.12 -5.40
5* 900 30 542.00 11.3 801.00 7.07 47.95 0.78 25.32 21.76 -17.94
6* 850 10 606.00 2.83 772.20 1.41 35.10 0.42 40.12 15.78 -28.44
6* 1000 10 500.50 7.78 713.15 1.41 41.50 0.00 15.72 6.93 -15.39
6* 850 30 611.00 2.83 839.00 1.41 44.80 0.57 41.27 25.80 -8.66
6* 900 10 659.50 1.41 813.00 4.24 46.10 0.85 52.49 21.90 -6.01
7* 1000 10 451.00 4.24 674.00 1.41 43.35 4.60 4.28 1.06 -11.62
7* 850 10 571.50 2.12 749.50 0.71 40.20 0.28 32.14 12.38 -18.04
7* 900 10 552.50 20.5 747.00 1.41 47.10 0.42 27.75 12.00 -3.98
8 1000 10 436.50 2.12 665.00 2.83 50.10 0.57 0.92 -0.29 2.14
8 850 10 427.00 8.49 697.50 3.54 50.80 1.84 -1.27 4.58 3.57
9 1000 10 440.00 1.41 673.50 2.12 43.65 0.49 1.73 0.98 -11.01
9 850 10 429.50 6.36 687.00 2.83 52.35 0.35 -0.69 6.93 6.73
10* 1000 10 511.00 12.7 730.50 2.12 38.35 1.06 18.15 9.53 -21.81
10* 850 10 574.00 2.83 777.50 3.54 34.60 0.00 32.72 21.01 -29.46
10* 900 10 555.50 3.54 770.50 2.12 37.75 0.07 28.44 15.53 -23.04
10* 1050 10 483.50 2.10 718.00 0.00 37.90 1.20 11.79 7.65 -22.73
10* 950 10 533.00 9.90 748.00 9.90 37.40 1.70 23.24 12.15 -23.75

Claims

Claims
1. A duplex stainless steel comprising in weight (wt%):
c less than or equal to 0.03;
Si less than or equal to 1.0;
Mn less than or equal to 2.0;
Mo less than or equal to 0.5;
P less than or equal to 0.05;
s less than or equal to 0.05;
N 0.05 to 0.20;
Ni 3.5 to 5.5;
Cr 21.0 to 24.0;
Ta 0.05 - 0.65;
balance Fe and unavoidable impurities and having a ferrite:austenite volume fraction of 35:65 to 65:35.
2. The duplex stainless steel according to claim 1 , wherein the content of Si is in the range of from 0.2 to 0.6 wt%
3. The duplex stainless steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of Mn is in the range of from 0.5 to 1.0 wt%.
4. The duplex stainless steel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of Mo is of from 0.2 to 0.4 wt%.
5. The duplex stainless steel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content of N is of from 0.09 to 0.18 wt%. 6. The duplex stainless steel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the content of Cr is of from 22.0 to 23.5 wt%. The duplex stainless steel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the volume fraction of ferrite:austenite is 40:60 to 60:40, such as 50:50.
A method comprising the steps of:
providing a melt having the following composition:
c less than or equal to 0.03;
Si less than or equal to 1.0;
Mn less than or equal to 2.0;
Mo less than or equal to 0.5;
P less than or equal to 0.05;
s less than or equal to 0.05;
N 0.05 to 0.20;
Ni 3.5 to 5.5;
Cr 21.0 to 24.0;
Ta 0.05 to 0.65;
balance Fe and unavoidable impurities and a volume fraction of ferrite:austenite of 35:65 to 65:35;
casting the obtained melt to an object;
- hot working the object;
optionally cold working the hot worked object;
heat treating the object during a predetermined time and at a temperature range of from 800 to 1050 °C. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the melt is according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the temperature is in the range of 850 to 1000°C, such as 850 to 950°C, such as 850 to 900°C.
11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the heat treatment is a solution heat treatment.
12. A product comprising the alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
13. The product according to claim 12 wherein said product has been manufactured according to any one of claims 8 to 11.
EP18724584.0A 2017-05-22 2018-05-22 New duplex stainless steel Active EP3631031B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4828630A (en) * 1988-02-04 1989-05-09 Armco Advanced Materials Corporation Duplex stainless steel with high manganese
JPH06145903A (en) * 1992-11-05 1994-05-27 Kubota Corp High corrosion fatigue strength stainless steel
JP2946992B2 (en) * 1993-02-10 1999-09-13 日本鋼管株式会社 Method for producing duplex stainless steel excellent in strength, toughness and corrosion resistance
JP3508095B2 (en) * 1999-06-15 2004-03-22 株式会社クボタ Ferrite-austenite duplex stainless steel with excellent heat fatigue resistance, corrosion fatigue resistance, drillability, etc. and suction roll body for papermaking
CN1201028C (en) * 2001-04-27 2005-05-11 浦项产业科学研究院 High manganese deplex stainless steel having superior hot workabilities and method for manufacturing thereof
JP6018364B2 (en) * 2011-03-17 2016-11-02 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 Duplex stainless steel for chemical tankers with excellent linear heatability
MX387987B (en) * 2013-12-13 2025-03-19 Outokumpu Oy METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH STRENGTH DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL.
WO2016162525A1 (en) * 2015-04-10 2016-10-13 Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab A method of producing a tube of a duplex stainless steel
JP6513495B2 (en) * 2015-06-09 2019-05-15 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Duplex stainless steel and duplex stainless steel pipe
CN109642282B (en) * 2016-09-02 2021-10-01 杰富意钢铁株式会社 Duplex stainless steel and method for making the same

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CN110691860A (en) 2020-01-14
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