EP3611430B1 - Control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking apparatus - Google Patents

Control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3611430B1
EP3611430B1 EP18189164.9A EP18189164A EP3611430B1 EP 3611430 B1 EP3611430 B1 EP 3611430B1 EP 18189164 A EP18189164 A EP 18189164A EP 3611430 B1 EP3611430 B1 EP 3611430B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control circuit
valve
feeding system
water feeding
temperature sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18189164.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3611430A1 (en
Inventor
Claudia PATELLA
Massimo Banzato
Elia SCHIARATURA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electrolux Appliances AB
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Electrolux Appliances AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electrolux Appliances AB filed Critical Electrolux Appliances AB
Priority to EP18189164.9A priority Critical patent/EP3611430B1/en
Publication of EP3611430A1 publication Critical patent/EP3611430A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3611430B1 publication Critical patent/EP3611430B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D5/00—Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators
    • F22D5/26—Automatic feed-control systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking appliance. Further, the present invention relates to a water feeding system for a steam cooking appliance. Moreover, the present invention relates to a steam cooking appliance.
  • the water is delivered from a water tank to a steam generator, wherein the water flow is controlled by one or more valves.
  • said valves are controlled by an electronic control circuit with a microcontroller.
  • a switching AC/DC converter is required for supplying the control circuit. This results in a complex apparatus for controlling the water feeding system.
  • said valves are controlled by electromechanical circuits. Said electromechanical circuits may be enabled manually or by electromechanical components, e.g. thermal cut out switches.
  • US 2008/292761 A1 discloses a steam cooking device with a control system for regulating a feed water valve as a function of detected temperature of a heater unit of the steam cooking device.
  • CN 204 213 890 U discloses a circuit for detecting the opening of a boiler valve by detecting the temperature of the boiler valve using a Zener diode.
  • US 2012/061378 A1 discloses temperature control of a steam cooking appliance by a circuit comprising a Zener diode.
  • control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking appliance according to claim 1.
  • a control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking appliance is provided, wherein:
  • control circuit comprises passive analogue electronic elements only.
  • the control circuit does not require a microcontroller. This reduces the complexity of the control circuit.
  • the temperature sensor is a temperature dependent resistor element, preferably an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistor element.
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient
  • valve control circuit includes a series of a first resistor element and the Zener diode, wherein said series is connected to an DC output of the rectifier circuit.
  • the temperature sensor and a second resistor element may be connected in series, wherein said series is connected parallel to the Zener diode.
  • valve is connectable or connected parallel to the series of the first resistor element and the temperature sensor. More generally, the valve is connected to a switch controlled by the temperature sensor.
  • said switch may be a bipolar junction transistor or a metal oxide semiconductor transistor.
  • valve control circuit may include a square wave generator for controlling the opening and closing of the valve.
  • valve control circuit includes a NOT gate for resetting the square wave generator.
  • the rectifier circuit includes four diodes forming a bridge rectifier circuit.
  • the rectifier circuit may include at least one capacitor connected parallel to the DC output, wherein preferably the capacitor acts as smoothing capacitor.
  • control circuit is enabled by a selector switch.
  • the present invention relates to a water feeding system for a steam cooking appliance, wherein said water feeding system comprises at least one control circuit mentioned above, and wherein the water feeding system comprises at least one water tank and at least one steam generator, wherein said water tank and steam generator are interconnected by loading tube.
  • the loading tube is openable and closable by the valve.
  • the temperature sensor is arranged in, at or close to the steam generator.
  • the present invention relates to a steam cooking appliance comprising the control circuit and/or the water feeding system mentioned above.
  • FIG 1 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a water feeding system 10 for a steam cooking appliance according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the water feeding system 10 comprises a water tank 12, a loading tube 14, a valve 16, a control circuit 18 and a steam generator 20.
  • the control circuit 18 includes a temperature sensor 22 arranged in the environment of the steam generator 20.
  • the loading tube 14 is interconnected between the water tank 12 and the steam generator 20.
  • the loading tube 14 delivers water from the water tank 12 to the steam generator 20.
  • the loading tube 14 is opened and closed by the valve 16.
  • the steam generator 20 generates steam by heating up water from the water tank 12.
  • the temperature sensor 22 detects the temperature of said steam.
  • the temperature sensor 22 is an NTC and fixed on the surface of the steam generator 20. Said NTC detects missing water by temperature detection. For example, the safety may be guaranteed by a thermal cut out switch.
  • the temperature sensor 22 is connected to an input of the control circuit 18.
  • An output of said control circuit 18 is connected to the valve 16.
  • the valve 16 is opened and closed by the control circuit 18.
  • the valve 16 is an electrical valve. Preferably, the valve is opened and closed by a solenoid.
  • the valve 16 is controlled by the control circuit 18.
  • the valve 16 provides water for the water feeding system 10, i.e. at least for the steam generator 20.
  • the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 22 correlates directly with the amount of water inside the steam generator 20. A low water level or absent water causes an increasing of the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 22.
  • FIG 2 illustrates a schematic circuit diagram of the control circuit 18 for the valve 16 of water feeding system 10 for the steam cooking appliance according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control circuit 18 includes a rectifier circuit 26 and a valve control circuit 28.
  • the rectifier circuit 26 and the valve control circuit 28 are arranged on a common printed circuit board.
  • the rectifier circuit 26 and the valve control circuit 28 are arranged on separate printed circuit boards.
  • the control circuit 18 includes a selector switch S1.
  • the rectifier circuit 26 includes four diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 and a capacitor C1.
  • the diodes D1 to D4 form a bridge rectifier circuit.
  • Said bridge rectifier circuit includes an AC input and a DC output.
  • the capacitor C1 is connected parallel to the DC output.
  • the capacitor C1 acts as smoothing capacitor.
  • the valve control circuit 28 is connected to the DC output of the rectifier circuit 26.
  • the valve control circuit 28 includes a first resistor element R1, a second resistor element R2, a Zener diode Z1 and the temperature sensor 22.
  • the valve control circuit 28 includes more than one first resistor element R1 according to the power dissipation.
  • the temperature sensor 22 is a NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistor element, wherein the resistance of said NTC resistor element 22 decreases with an increasing temperature.
  • the temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2 are connected in series.
  • the Zener diode Z1 is connected parallel to said series of the temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2.
  • the first resistor element R1 is connected in series with the Zener diode Z1 and the series of the temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2.
  • the series of the first resistor element R1 and the Zener diode Z1 is connected to the DC output of the rectifier circuit 26.
  • the bond of the temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2 is connected to a control input of the selector switch S1.
  • a temperature threshold value is defined by second resistor element R2.
  • the Zener diode Z1 provides a stable voltage across the resistive voltage divider.
  • the present invention allows the control of the water supply for the steam generator 20 by passive electric and electronic elements only. A microcontroller or the like is not required. Thus, the control of the water supply for the steam generator 20 is realised by low complexity.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a schematic circuit diagram of the control circuit 18 for the valve 16 of water feeding system 10 for the steam cooking appliance according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control circuit 18 includes the rectifier circuit 26 and the valve control circuit 28 are arranged either on a common printed circuit board or on separate printed circuit boards. Further, the control circuit 18 includes the selector switch S1.
  • the rectifier circuit 26 includes the four diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 and the capacitor C1.
  • the diodes D1 to D4 form the bridge rectifier circuit including the AC input and the DC output.
  • the capacitor C1 is connected parallel to the DC output and acts as smoothing capacitor.
  • the valve control circuit 28 is connected to the DC output of the rectifier circuit 26.
  • the valve control circuit 28 includes the first resistor element R1, the second resistor element R2, the Zener diode Z1 and the temperature sensor 22.
  • the valve control circuit 28 of the second embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment by a NOT gate 30, a square wave generator 32 and a third resistor element R3.
  • the NOT gate 30, the square wave generator 32 and the third resistor element R3 are connected in series and interconnected between the bond of the temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2 on the one hand and the input of the selector switch S1 on the other hand. Due to the thermal inertia of the system, the square wave generator 32 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the valve 16.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)

Description

  • The present invention relates to a control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking appliance. Further, the present invention relates to a water feeding system for a steam cooking appliance. Moreover, the present invention relates to a steam cooking appliance.
  • In a conventional steam cooking appliance, the water is delivered from a water tank to a steam generator, wherein the water flow is controlled by one or more valves. Usually, said valves are controlled by an electronic control circuit with a microcontroller. Often, a switching AC/DC converter is required for supplying the control circuit. This results in a complex apparatus for controlling the water feeding system. Sometimes, said valves are controlled by electromechanical circuits. Said electromechanical circuits may be enabled manually or by electromechanical components, e.g. thermal cut out switches.
  • US 2008/292761 A1 discloses a steam cooking device with a control system for regulating a feed water valve as a function of detected temperature of a heater unit of the steam cooking device.
  • CN 204 213 890 U discloses a circuit for detecting the opening of a boiler valve by detecting the temperature of the boiler valve using a Zener diode.
  • US 2012/061378 A1 discloses temperature control of a steam cooking appliance by a circuit comprising a Zener diode.
  • It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved control electronic circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking appliance, which is realised by low complexity.
  • The object is achieved by the control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking appliance according to claim 1.
  • According to the present invention a control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking appliance is provided, wherein:
    • the control circuit comprises a rectifier circuit and a valve control circuit,
    • the valve control circuit is connected to an DC output of the rectifier circuit,
    • the valve control circuit is provided for controlling an electric valve for a water supply,
    • the valve control circuit includes at least one temperature sensor and at least one Zener diode, and
    • the valve control circuit opens and closes the valve in dependence of a temperature detected by the temperature sensor.
  • The core of the present invention is that the control circuit comprises passive analogue electronic elements only. The control circuit does not require a microcontroller. This reduces the complexity of the control circuit.
  • Preferably, the temperature sensor is a temperature dependent resistor element, preferably an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistor element.
  • Particularly, the valve control circuit includes a series of a first resistor element and the Zener diode, wherein said series is connected to an DC output of the rectifier circuit.
  • Further, the temperature sensor and a second resistor element may be connected in series, wherein said series is connected parallel to the Zener diode.
  • Moreover, the valve is connectable or connected parallel to the series of the first resistor element and the temperature sensor. More generally, the valve is connected to a switch controlled by the temperature sensor. For example, said switch may be a bipolar junction transistor or a metal oxide semiconductor transistor.
  • Alternatively, the valve control circuit may include a square wave generator for controlling the opening and closing of the valve.
  • In this case, the valve control circuit includes a NOT gate for resetting the square wave generator.
  • Preferably, the rectifier circuit includes four diodes forming a bridge rectifier circuit.
  • Furthermore, the rectifier circuit may include at least one capacitor connected parallel to the DC output, wherein preferably the capacitor acts as smoothing capacitor.
  • Particularly, the control circuit is enabled by a selector switch.
  • Further, the present invention relates to a water feeding system for a steam cooking appliance, wherein said water feeding system comprises at least one control circuit mentioned above, and wherein the water feeding system comprises at least one water tank and at least one steam generator, wherein said water tank and steam generator are interconnected by loading tube.
  • Preferably, the loading tube is openable and closable by the valve.
  • For example, the temperature sensor is arranged in, at or close to the steam generator.
  • At last, the present invention relates to a steam cooking appliance comprising the control circuit and/or the water feeding system mentioned above.
  • Novel and inventive features of the present invention are set forth in the appended claims.
  • The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, in which
    • FIG 1
    illustrates a schematic block diagram of a water feeding system for a steam cooking appliance according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
    FIG 2
    illustrates a schematic circuit diagram of a control circuit for the water feeding system of the steam cooking appliance according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and
    FIG 3
    illustrates the schematic circuit diagram of the control circuit for the water feeding system of the steam cooking appliance according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 1 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a water feeding system 10 for a steam cooking appliance according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • The water feeding system 10 comprises a water tank 12, a loading tube 14, a valve 16, a control circuit 18 and a steam generator 20. The control circuit 18 includes a temperature sensor 22 arranged in the environment of the steam generator 20. The loading tube 14 is interconnected between the water tank 12 and the steam generator 20. The loading tube 14 delivers water from the water tank 12 to the steam generator 20. The loading tube 14 is opened and closed by the valve 16. The steam generator 20 generates steam by heating up water from the water tank 12. The temperature sensor 22 detects the temperature of said steam. For example, the temperature sensor 22 is an NTC and fixed on the surface of the steam generator 20. Said NTC detects missing water by temperature detection. For example, the safety may be guaranteed by a thermal cut out switch. The temperature sensor 22 is connected to an input of the control circuit 18. An output of said control circuit 18 is connected to the valve 16.
  • The valve 16 is opened and closed by the control circuit 18. The valve 16 is an electrical valve. Preferably, the valve is opened and closed by a solenoid. The valve 16 is controlled by the control circuit 18. The valve 16 provides water for the water feeding system 10, i.e. at least for the steam generator 20. The temperature detected by the temperature sensor 22 correlates directly with the amount of water inside the steam generator 20. A low water level or absent water causes an increasing of the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 22.
  • FIG 2 illustrates a schematic circuit diagram of the control circuit 18 for the valve 16 of water feeding system 10 for the steam cooking appliance according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • The control circuit 18 includes a rectifier circuit 26 and a valve control circuit 28. For example, the rectifier circuit 26 and the valve control circuit 28 are arranged on a common printed circuit board. Alternatively, the rectifier circuit 26 and the valve control circuit 28 are arranged on separate printed circuit boards. Additionally, the control circuit 18 includes a selector switch S1.
  • The rectifier circuit 26 includes four diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 and a capacitor C1. The diodes D1 to D4 form a bridge rectifier circuit. Said bridge rectifier circuit includes an AC input and a DC output. The capacitor C1 is connected parallel to the DC output. The capacitor C1 acts as smoothing capacitor.
  • The valve control circuit 28 is connected to the DC output of the rectifier circuit 26. The valve control circuit 28 includes a first resistor element R1, a second resistor element R2, a Zener diode Z1 and the temperature sensor 22. Optionally, the valve control circuit 28 includes more than one first resistor element R1 according to the power dissipation. In this example, the temperature sensor 22 is a NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistor element, wherein the resistance of said NTC resistor element 22 decreases with an increasing temperature.
  • The temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2 are connected in series. The Zener diode Z1 is connected parallel to said series of the temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2. The first resistor element R1 is connected in series with the Zener diode Z1 and the series of the temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2. The series of the first resistor element R1 and the Zener diode Z1 is connected to the DC output of the rectifier circuit 26. The bond of the temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2 is connected to a control input of the selector switch S1.
  • In the valve control circuit 28 a temperature threshold value is defined by second resistor element R2. The Zener diode Z1 provides a stable voltage across the resistive voltage divider.
  • The present invention allows the control of the water supply for the steam generator 20 by passive electric and electronic elements only. A microcontroller or the like is not required. Thus, the control of the water supply for the steam generator 20 is realised by low complexity.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a schematic circuit diagram of the control circuit 18 for the valve 16 of water feeding system 10 for the steam cooking appliance according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • The control circuit 18 includes the rectifier circuit 26 and the valve control circuit 28 are arranged either on a common printed circuit board or on separate printed circuit boards. Further, the control circuit 18 includes the selector switch S1.
  • The rectifier circuit 26 includes the four diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 and the capacitor C1. The diodes D1 to D4 form the bridge rectifier circuit including the AC input and the DC output. The capacitor C1 is connected parallel to the DC output and acts as smoothing capacitor.
  • The valve control circuit 28 is connected to the DC output of the rectifier circuit 26. The valve control circuit 28 includes the first resistor element R1, the second resistor element R2, the Zener diode Z1 and the temperature sensor 22.
  • The valve control circuit 28 of the second embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment by a NOT gate 30, a square wave generator 32 and a third resistor element R3. The NOT gate 30, the square wave generator 32 and the third resistor element R3 are connected in series and interconnected between the bond of the temperature sensor 22 and the second resistor element R2 on the one hand and the input of the selector switch S1 on the other hand. Due to the thermal inertia of the system, the square wave generator 32 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the valve 16.
  • Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may be affected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. All such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
    • List of reference numerals
    • 10
    water feeding system
    12
    water tank
    14
    loading tube
    16
    valve
    18
    control circuit
    20
    steam generator
    22
    temperature sensor, NTC resistor element
    24
    TCO
    26
    rectifier circuit
    28
    valve control circuit
    30
    NOT gate
    32
    square wave generator
    D1
    first diode
    D2
    second diode
    D3
    third diode
    D4
    fourth diode
    C1
    capacitor
    S1
    selector switch
    R1
    first resistor element
    R2
    second resistor element
    R3
    third resistor element
    Z1
    Zener diode

Claims (14)

  1. A control circuit (18) for a water feeding system (10) of a steam cooking appliance, wherein:
    - the control circuit (18) comprises a rectifier circuit (26) and a valve control circuit (28),
    - the valve control circuit (28) is connected to a DC output of the rectifier circuit (26),
    - the valve control circuit (28) is provided for controlling an electric valve (16) for a water supply, characterized in that the valve control circuit (28) includes at least one temperature sensor (22) and at least one Zener diode (Z1), and in that the valve control circuit (28) is configured to open and close the valve (16) in dependence of a temperature detected by the temperature sensor (22).
  2. The control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor (22) is a temperature dependent resistor element, preferably an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) resistor element.
  3. The control circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the valve control circuit (28) includes a series of a first resistor element (R1) and the Zener diode (Z1), wherein said series is connected to an DC output of the rectifier circuit (26).
  4. The control circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature sensor (22) and a second resistor element (R2) are connected in series, wherein said series is connected parallel to the Zener diode (Z1).
  5. The control circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the valve (16) is connectable or connected parallel to the series of the first resistor element (R1) and the temperature sensor (22).
  6. The control circuit according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the valve control circuit (28) includes a square wave generator (32) for controlling the opening and closing of the valve (16).
  7. The control circuit according to claim 6, wherein the valve control circuit (28) includes a NOT gate for resetting the square wave generator (32).
  8. The control circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rectifier circuit (26) includes four diodes (D1, D2, D3, D4) forming a bridge rectifier circuit.
  9. The control circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rectifier circuit (26) includes at least one capacitor (C1) connected parallel to the DC output, wherein preferably the capacitor (C1) acts as smoothing capacitor.
  10. The control circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control circuit (18) is enabled by a selector switch (S1).
  11. A water feeding system (10) for a steam cooking appliance, wherein said water feeding system (10) comprises at least one control circuit (18) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the water feeding system (10) comprises at least one water tank (12) and at least one steam generator (20), wherein said water tank (12) and steam generator (20) are interconnected by a loading tube (14).
  12. The water feeding system according to claim 11, wherein the loading tube (14) is openable and closable by the valve (16).
  13. The water feeding system according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the temperature sensor (22) is arranged in, at or close to the steam generator (20).
  14. A steam cooking appliance comprising a control circuit (18) according to any one of the claims 1 to 10 and/or a water feeding system (10) according to any one of the claims 11 to 13.
EP18189164.9A 2018-08-15 2018-08-15 Control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking apparatus Active EP3611430B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18189164.9A EP3611430B1 (en) 2018-08-15 2018-08-15 Control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking apparatus

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18189164.9A EP3611430B1 (en) 2018-08-15 2018-08-15 Control circuit for a water feeding system of a steam cooking apparatus

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EP3611430A1 EP3611430A1 (en) 2020-02-19
EP3611430B1 true EP3611430B1 (en) 2021-07-21

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111911907B (en) * 2020-06-17 2022-02-15 东南大学 Heater water level control quality evaluation method based on normalized error integral

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1090859A (en) * 1963-11-05 1967-11-15 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to timers or time alarm devices for cooking apparatus
US4430540A (en) * 1981-06-15 1984-02-07 Texas Instruments Incorporated Data input apparatus for microwave oven controllers
JP3414043B2 (en) * 1994-04-22 2003-06-09 松下電器産業株式会社 Electric heating appliances
FR2861974B1 (en) * 2003-11-06 2006-02-10 Brandt Ind METHOD AND STEAMING OVEN HAVING PERFECTED WATER SUPPLY
CA2759322C (en) * 2009-05-16 2017-01-17 Ideas Well Done Llc Food steamer containers with sequential ohmic water heating
US8743523B2 (en) * 2010-07-28 2014-06-03 General Electric Company Systems, methods, and apparatus for limiting voltage across a switch
JP6145919B2 (en) * 2013-02-13 2017-06-14 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Lighting device and lighting fixture using the same
CN204017836U (en) * 2014-08-05 2014-12-17 江苏国立化工科技有限公司 Reaction vessel
CN204213890U (en) * 2014-10-13 2015-03-18 杭州乾龙电器有限公司 Boiler valve opening detector

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