EP3610486A1 - Method for obtaining a material with giant magnetocaloric effect by ion irradiation - Google Patents
Method for obtaining a material with giant magnetocaloric effect by ion irradiationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3610486A1 EP3610486A1 EP18716626.9A EP18716626A EP3610486A1 EP 3610486 A1 EP3610486 A1 EP 3610486A1 EP 18716626 A EP18716626 A EP 18716626A EP 3610486 A1 EP3610486 A1 EP 3610486A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase transition
- product
- irradiation
- magnetic phase
- magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/012—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials adapted for magnetic entropy change by magnetocaloric effect, e.g. used as magnetic refrigerating material
- H01F1/015—Metals or alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/0009—Antiferromagnetic materials, i.e. materials exhibiting a Néel transition temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of magnetocaloric effect products.
- the invention relates in particular to a process for obtaining such a product.
- EMC magnetocaloric effect
- FIG. 1 illustrates a thermal cycle of Ericsson for a magnetocaloric effect material, which is based on isothermal transformations.
- this cycle we go from a low magnetic field B1 to a more intense magnetic field B2 while the system is in thermal contact with a hot source at the temperature T H (the temperature of the environment in which is immersed the fridge). Heat then passes from the magnetocaloric material to a refrigerator radiator, which dissipates this heat in the environment of the refrigerator.
- the cooling capacity W of a system can be calculated from the variation of the magnetic entropy AS (B, T) of the material along the thermal cycle implemented by this system. This value W corresponds to the area of the surface shown in FIG. In other words, we have: r T H
- the magnetic entropy variation AS of a magnetocaloric effect material is maximum when the material changes magnetic phase. This change takes place near a specific temperature specific to the material, called the magnetic phase transition temperature.
- a magnetocaloric effect material To be used effectively in everyday applications, a magnetocaloric effect material must be able to change its temperature in a range of a few tens of degrees around an ambient temperature on Earth. The magnetic phase transition temperature of this material should be within this range.
- gadolinium is a material having as interesting property the fact that its magnetic phase transition temperature is equal to 290 degrees Kelvin.
- the magnetocaloric effect is associated with the temperature variation generated by the order or the disorder of the orientation of the elementary magnetic moments of this one.
- the spins of atoms align with a decrease in magnetic entropy.
- the material is warming up.
- the total entropy of the material decreases. This entropy variation is greater for temperatures close to the transition temperature (ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition in this case).
- Gadolinium is a second-order magnetic phase transition material.
- the second-order transitions are those for which the first derivative with respect to one of the thermodynamic variables of the free energy is continuous, unlike the second derivative which is discontinuous. This is illustrated in particular by the fact that its magnetization decreases as a function of its temperature in a relatively low slope.
- any second-order phase transition material such as gadolinium
- the refrigerating power of any second-order phase transition material is intrinsically limited by this smooth change in magnetization.
- the variation of magnetic entropy of a material induced by the variation of an applied magnetic field is proportional to the derivative of the magnetization of the material relative to its temperature.
- the gently sloping nature of the gadolinium magnetization curve results in an entropy variation curve as a function of its relatively flat temperature for the same material, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the entropy variation curve of a second-order phase transition material will always have a low peak height, which limits the value of the integral of this curve, within a temperature range [ T L , T H ] comprising the magnetic phase transition temperature of this material, and therefore the cooling capacity of the material.
- FeRh iron-rhodium
- MnAs manganese arsenide
- the ideal material for the applications should have a high magnetic refrigeration power and is characterized by a magnetic entropy variation curve depending on its temperature having high values in a relatively wide temperature range.
- the assembled materials have different magnetic phase transition temperatures.
- the composite product resulting from an assembly can then perform several thermal cycles around different temperatures, making it possible to widen the gap between T H and T L as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the entropy variation curve of this composite product can be seen as the superposition of the entropy variation curves of the materials that compose it. As can be seen in FIG. 4, this superposition of curves reaches high values over a wide temperature range.
- An object of the invention is to obtain a magnetocaloric effect product with high cooling power at low cost.
- a process for obtaining a magnetocaloric effect product from an integral material having a magnetic phase transition comprising irradiation at least a part of the material with ions, the irradiation being conducted with a fluence adapted so that the material has, after irradiation, different magnetic phase transition temperatures in different parts of the material.
- the method proposed here cleverly takes advantage of a known phenomenon, according to which irradiation of ions within a material induces a shift in the magnetic phase transition temperature of this material which depends on the fluence used during the irradiation.
- a magnetocaloric effect product at several magnetic phase transition temperatures is obtained from an integral material.
- the method according to this first aspect of the invention may comprise the following features or steps, taken alone or in combination when technically possible.
- the one-piece material has a first-order magnetic phase transition.
- the fluence is adapted so that the magnetic phase transition temperature of the material varies by at least 0.5 Kelvin between two different parts of the material.
- the fluence is adapted so that the material present, after the irradiation, a maximum deviation of magnetic phase transition temperatures of the different parts of the product value in the range of 0.5 to 150 Kelvin.
- the fluence is adapted so that the magnetic phase transition temperature of the material varies, after irradiation, monotonically from a first portion of the material to a second portion of the material.
- the fluence is adapted so that the magnetic phase transition temperature of the material varies, after the irradiation, continuously from a first portion of the material to a second portion of the material.
- the material is iron rhodium.
- a method for implementing a thermal cycle comprising subjecting a product according to the second aspect of the invention to a variable magnetic field so that the temperatures different magnetic phase transition, in the different parts of the material are crossed during the thermal cycle.
- thermo machine configured to implement a thermal cycle, the machine comprising:
- the thermal machine is for example a heat pump, a refrigerator, a thermoelectric generator or an active magnetic generator. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- Figure 1 shows a thermal cycle of Ericsson implemented by a thermal machine comprising a magnetocaloric effect material.
- Figure 2 shows two curves of the absolute value of the entropy variation
- Figure 3 shows a set of entropy variation curves in different materials assembled in a known product of the state of the art, depending on their temperature.
- Figure 4 shows a set of thermal cycles of Ericsson implemented by a thermal machine comprising a plurality of magnetocaloric effect materials.
- Figure 5 is a sectional view of a magnetocaloric effect product, according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 6 shows the atoms of a material in an antiferromagnetic phase and in a ferromagnetic phase.
- Figure 7 shows two curves of FeRh entropy variation as a function of its temperature, depending on whether the material is irradiated or not.
- FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 are three spatial magnetic phase transition temperature distribution curves within magnetocaloric effect products, according to three different embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 1 1 is a schematic sectional view of a refrigerator according to one embodiment of the invention.
- a material 1 extends along an axis X.
- This material 1 has a first edge 2 and a second edge 3 opposite the first edge 2.
- the two edges 2, 3 have different positions along the X axis (respectively x2 and x3).
- the material 1 has a free surface 4 connecting the first edge 2 to the second edge 3.
- the free surface 4 is for example flat and parallel to the axis X.
- the material 1 is in one piece.
- integral material is meant a material in one piece, having a continuous structure, a single block.
- the material has an identical phase transition temperature at every point of its structure, especially regardless of its position along the X axis.
- the material 1 is furthermore first-order magnetic phase transition. Consequently, the entropy variation curve of this material 1 as a function of its temperature thus has a high value peak at its magnetic phase transition temperature.
- the material 1 will have a composition of FexRhh-x type with a value of x close to 0.5, comprising approximately 50% iron and approximately 50% rhodium by atomic weight.
- Material 1 is monocrystalline.
- iron-rhodium is antiferromagnetic.
- the iron atoms have parallel spins, but in opposite directions. More precisely, in this phase, the iron-rhodium has a simple cubic configuration (of the CsCl type): each rhodium atom is in the center of a cube. In each vertex of the cube, there is a pair of iron atoms with opposite spins.
- iron-rhodium is ferromagnetic. In this phase, the iron-rhodium always has a cubic configuration.
- the rhodium iron has a magnetic phase transition temperature to pass from the antiferromagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase (or vice versa) of about 380 Kelvin.
- the material 1 is placed on a substrate 5, for example an MgO substrate.
- An ion source 6 is used to irradiate the material 1 with ions, for example parallel to a direction of irradiation Z.
- the ion source used is the product "Supernanogan” marketed by Pantechnik.
- the ions projected in the material 1 induce a shift of the magnetic phase transition temperature of the material 1 to a lower value.
- This phenomenon known in itself, is described in the document “Effects of energetic heavy ion irradiation on the structure and magnetic properties of FeRh Thin Films ", by Nao Fujita et al. , Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 267, 921-924 (2009).
- the phase transition temperature shift is dependent on the fluence used during ion irradiation, i.e. the number of ions irradiated in the material 1 per cm 2 .
- FIG. 7 shows, by way of example, two entropy variation curves for FeRh as a function of its temperature: a reference curve for non-irradiated FeRh, and a second relative curve for irradiated FeRh with Ne 5+ ions. with an angle of incidence of 60 ° and a kinetic energy of 25 keV and a fluence of 1.7 x 10 13 ions / cm 2 .
- the coefficient of proportionality between fluence and displacement in temperature is about -5.10 12 K / (ions / cm 2 ) under these irradiation conditions. This coefficient depends on the irradiation conditions, in particular the type of ion, its kinetic energy, the angle of incidence and the intrinsic properties of the material.
- the fluence depends on the emission parameters of the ions by the ion source used. These parameters, well known to those skilled in the art, include in particular the number of ions impacting the material per unit of time and surface and the irradiation time. By way of example, the conditions mentioned above make it possible to obtain a fluence between 10 12 and 10 15 ions / cm 2 on a material 1.
- the kinetic energy of the ions is adjusted (and / or the angle of incidence of the ion beam) to a value adapted so that the ions can enter the material 1 and possibly come out of it.
- the ions used are heavy ions because they more efficiently generate collisions and defects within the irradiated material. It is this number of defects that determines the value of the proportionality coefficient previously defined.
- the heavy ions have the advantage of only requiring irradiation of the material 1 over a relatively short period of irradiation to modify the phase transition temperature of a given deviation.
- the energy of the ions must be high enough to penetrate the material. There is no limit on the maximum energy because the ions can also cross the material even if the coefficient of proportionality between fluence and temperature displacement will depend on it.
- the ions are, for example, neon ions, typically Ne 5+ .
- the irradiation of the material 1 with the ions emitted by the ion source 6 is conducted with a spatially variable fluence.
- the fluence is adapted so that the material 1 has, after the irradiation, different magnetic phase transition temperatures in different parts of the material 1.
- the ion source 6 is displaced and / or oriented relative to the material 1 so that the ions projected by the source scan the free surface 4 of the material 1 from the first edge 2 to the second edge 3 opposite the first edge 2.
- the scanning direction is for example parallel to the X axis.
- the emission parameters of the ion source are adjusted so that the fluence of ions in the material 1 varies monotonically during this scan (increasing or decreasing).
- FIGS. 8 to 10 show different spatial phase transition temperature profiles (to pass from the antiferromagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase) that can be obtained by varying the fluence used during the irradiation of ions. of the material 1.
- the spatial profile shown in FIG. 8 can be obtained as follows.
- the emission parameters of the ion source are set to a first set of values, and the ion source scans a first portion of the material 1 with this first set of parameter values.
- the first portion extends from the first x2 position edge x2 to an xO position line along the X axis, between the x2 and x3 positions.
- the ions emitted by the ion source penetrate into the first part of the material 1 in a first constant fluence.
- the magnetic phase transition temperature TtO of material 1 (380 Kelvins in the case of FeRh) shifts by a first deviation so as to be lowered to a first value Tt1.
- the scanning is stopped.
- the emission parameters of the ion source are then modified and fixed to a second set of values different from the first set of values.
- the ion source scans a second portion of the material 1 with this second set of parameter values.
- the second part extends from the xO position line along the X axis to the second position 3 edge x3.
- the ions emitted by the ion source penetrate into the second part of the material 1 according to a second constant fluence different from the first fluence, for example greater.
- the magnetic phase transition temperature of the material 1 shifts a second gap so as to be lowered to a second value Tt2, lower than the first value Tt1.
- a phase transition temperature curve is thus obtained in the material 1 as a function of the position along the X axis which is continuous in pieces.
- the material 1 comprises a first part 7 having a first magnetic phase transition temperature Tt1 and a second part 8 having a second different phase transition temperature Tt2 of (for example less than ) the first magnetic phase transition temperature Tt1. It is also possible to irradiate only part of the material 1. In this case, the magnetic phase transition temperature in the non-irradiated portion will not be changed. In this embodiment, it is also possible to obtain a phase transition temperature curve within the material 1 as a function of the position along the X axis which is continuous in pieces.
- the partial irradiation of the material can be implemented by the use of one or a series of masks of sufficient thickness to block the ions.
- the use of a mask has the advantage of very precise control of the edges of the irradiated areas that may have complex geometries.
- This can be achieved by gradually varying the ion emission parameters. during the scanning of ion radiation emitted by the source from the first edge to the second edge or by varying the average local irradiation time.
- the magnetic phase transition temperature obtained in the material 1, after irradiation decreases or increases continuously within the material 1 as a function of the position along the X axis, for example linearly, as shown in FIG. 9 , or nonlinearly, as shown in FIG.
- the transition temperature in the material 1 in a direction parallel to the direction of emission Z ions by the source of ions 6.
- one or more irradiations d ions are / are implemented with ions that penetrate more or less deeply into the material in the direction Z.
- a variable number of collisions in material 1 in Z direction can be obtained.
- the irradiated material 1 comprises an infinity of phase transition temperatures, the phase transition temperature being maximum at the position x2 (at the first edge 2) and at the minimum position at the position x3 ( at the second edge 3 opposite the first edge 2).
- the fluence received in the material 1 is adapted so that the magnetic phase transition temperature of the material 1 varies, after the irradiation, a usable value and for example at least 0.5 Kelvin between two different parts of the material 1.
- the ion fluence is adapted so that the material 1 has, after irradiation, a maximum difference in magnetic phase transition temperatures of the different parts of the valuable product in the range from a few Kelvins (eg 2 Kelvin) to about 150 Kelvin.
- the ion fluence is further adapted so that the material 1 has, after the irradiation,
- the monocrystalline nature of the material 1 is advantageous because it allows finer control of the desired phase transition temperature values in the material as a function of the ion emission parameters.
- the thermal machine comprises the magnetocaloric effect product 1 obtained after the irradiation, and means for subjecting the product to a variable magnetic field so that the different magnetic phase transition temperatures in the different parts of the material are crossed. during a thermal cycle implemented by the thermal machine.
- Magnetic cooling
- the thermal machine is a refrigerator 10.
- the refrigerator 10 has a storage element 11 defining an internal storage cavity 12, for example for storing foodstuffs. Instead of a storage cavity, another type of object can be cooled.
- This cavity 12 constitutes a cold source whose temperature is to be maintained at a value T L.
- the refrigerator 10 further comprises a radiator 13 in contact with an environment constituting a hot source at a temperature T H.
- the general function of the refrigerator 10 is to take heat from the cold source (the cavity) and supply it to the hot source via the radiator 13.
- the product 1 having a magnetocaloric effect is arranged between the cavity 12 and the radiator 13. It is arranged to be in thermal communication with the cavity 12 and the radiator 13.
- the refrigerator comprises a first thermal switch 16 configurable in two configurations: a closed configuration, in which the first thermal switch 16 allows a thermal communication between the product 1 and the cold source 12, and an open configuration, in which the thermal switch 16 prevents the product 1 and the cold source from being in thermal communication.
- the first thermal switch 16 is typically arranged in the vicinity of the edge 3.
- the refrigerator 10 comprises a second thermal switch 18 configurable in two configurations: a closed configuration, in which the second thermal switch 18 allows thermal communication between the product 1 and the radiator 13, and an open configuration, in which the thermal switch 18 prevents the product 1 and the radiator 13 from being in thermal communication.
- the second thermal switch 18 is typically arranged in the vicinity of the edge
- the two thermal switches 16, 18 are synchronized to be closed and alternately open (when one is open, the other is closed, and vice versa).
- the refrigerator 10 further comprises, as indicated above, means 14 for subjecting the product 1 to a variable magnetic field so that the different magnetic phase transition temperatures in the different parts of the material are crossed during a heat cycle set implemented by the thermal machine.
- the submissive means 14 comprise, for example, a magnet that is mobile with respect to the product 1. During a thermal cycle implemented by the refrigerator, the magnet is moved closer to and away from the product 1 to take advantage of its magnetocaloric effect.
- the means 14 comprise a magnetic field generator of variable intensity, for example an electromagnet subjected to a current of variable intensity.
- the product can be placed in a mobile support with respect to one or more fixed magnets.
- Product 1 is oriented so that the edge 2 is closer to the hot source
- phase transition temperatures that can be found in the product 1 (two values Tt1 and Tt2 in the case of the profile of Figure 8, and a continuous range of values between Tt1 and Tt2, in the case of the profiles of Figures 9 and 10) are greater than the temperature T L referred to the cavity 12, and lower than the temperature T H.
- the refrigerator 10 of Figure 12 implements a magnetic refrigeration process comprising at least one thermal cycle.
- the method implemented by the refrigerator 10 comprises the following steps.
- the product 1 is initially placed in thermal communication with the cold source 12, by closing the first thermal switch 16. The product then cools to the temperature of the cold source T L.
- the first thermal switch 16 is open, which interrupts the thermal communication between the product and the cold source 12.
- the second thermal switch 18 is in turn open, which puts in thermal communication the product 1 and the hot source 13 The product 1 heats up and then takes the temperature T H of the hot source 13.
- the means for submitting the magnetic field 14 are moved or reconfigured so that the product 1 stops being immersed in the magnetic field.
- the product 1 transfers its heat to the hot source 13 with the effect of reducing the entropy of the product 1.
- the second thermal switch 18 is open, which interrupts the thermal communication between the product and the hot source 13, and the first thermal switch 16 is closed.
- the product 1 then cools to the temperature of the cold source T L The product is then returned to the starting configuration of the cycle.
- the efficiency of the cycle depends on the increase of the entropy variation AS with respect to the variation of the magnetic field to which the product 1 is subjected, when the product is in contact with the hot and cold sources 12, 13.
- the thermal cycle implemented is for example of the same type as that illustrated in FIG. 4.
- Other thermal cycles are possible, such as that of Brayton with adiabatic transformations or that of Carnot.
- the various components of the device described in FIG. 12 are manufactured by lithography or other microelectronic techniques where the storage cavity 1 1 is substituted by an electronic element (a power diode, a microprocessor, etc.) to be cooled.
- the irradiated material 1 is used as a magnetocaloric effect product in a heat pump.
- Those skilled in the art can for example start from the heat pump described in US8763407 or EP2541 167A2 or US2589775, and replace the composite magnetocaloric effect suggested in this document by the ion-irradiated material 1, which is a alone.
- the irradiated material 1 is used as a magnetocaloric effect product in a thermoelectric generator to produce electrical energy.
- a thermoelectric generator described in US428057 or US2016100 or US2510800, or an active magnetic generator described in US4332135, and replace the magnetocaloric effect composite product suggested in this document by the irradiated ion material 1, which is integral.
- the invention is not limited exclusively to FeRh.
- Other first-order magnetic phase transition materials may be used instead of FeRh.
- any material that sees its transition temperature change when irradiated with ions can be used instead of FeRh.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1753170A FR3065063A1 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2017-04-11 | METHOD FOR OBTAINING MATERIAL WITH MAGNETOCALORIC EFFECT GIANT BY IRRADIATION OF IONS |
PCT/EP2018/059324 WO2018189260A1 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Method for obtaining a material with giant magnetocaloric effect by ion irradiation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3610486A1 true EP3610486A1 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
Family
ID=60080866
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18716626.9A Withdrawn EP3610486A1 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2018-04-11 | Method for obtaining a material with giant magnetocaloric effect by ion irradiation |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200126697A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3610486A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2020522121A (en) |
CN (1) | CN110870029A (en) |
FR (1) | FR3065063A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018189260A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2863357T3 (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2021-10-11 | Carrier Corp | Electrocaloric element, a heat transfer system comprising an electrocaloric element and a method of making them |
WO2020252159A1 (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2020-12-17 | The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Pattern writing of magnetic order using ion irradiation of a magnetic phase transitional thin film |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US428057A (en) | 1890-05-13 | Nikola Tesla | Pyromagneto-Electric Generator | |
US2016100A (en) | 1932-01-06 | 1935-10-01 | Schwarzkopf Erich | Thermo-magnetically actuated source of power |
US2510800A (en) | 1945-11-10 | 1950-06-06 | Chilowsky Constantin | Method and apparatus for producing electrical and mechanical energy from thermal energy |
US2589775A (en) | 1948-10-12 | 1952-03-18 | Technical Assets Inc | Method and apparatus for refrigeration |
US4332135A (en) | 1981-01-27 | 1982-06-01 | The United States Of America As Respresented By The United States Department Of Energy | Active magnetic regenerator |
US5463578A (en) * | 1994-09-22 | 1995-10-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Magneto-optic memory allowing direct overwrite of data |
EP1834799B1 (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2008-09-24 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Reversible thermosensitive recording medium, reversible thermosensitive recording label, reversible thermosensitive recording member, image-processing apparatus and image-processing method |
FR2936364B1 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2010-10-15 | Cooltech Applications | MAGNETOCALORIC ELEMENT |
FR2947375B1 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2011-08-26 | Univ Paris Curie | METHOD FOR MODIFYING THE MAGNETIZATION DIRECTION OF A FERROMAGNETIC LAYER |
AU2010283855A1 (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2012-04-05 | Basf Se | Heat exchanger bed made of a cascade of magnetocaloric materials |
GB201111235D0 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2011-08-17 | Camfridge Ltd | Multi-Material-Blade for active regenerative magneto-caloric or electro-caloricheat engines |
CN102779533B (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2016-04-06 | 同济大学 | FeRhPt laminated film that a kind of phase transition temperature is adjustable and preparation method thereof |
US9245673B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2016-01-26 | Basf Se | Performance improvement of magnetocaloric cascades through optimized material arrangement |
-
2017
- 2017-04-11 FR FR1753170A patent/FR3065063A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-04-11 US US16/604,761 patent/US20200126697A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-04-11 JP JP2019555583A patent/JP2020522121A/en active Pending
- 2018-04-11 EP EP18716626.9A patent/EP3610486A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-04-11 WO PCT/EP2018/059324 patent/WO2018189260A1/en unknown
- 2018-04-11 CN CN201880038726.0A patent/CN110870029A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3065063A1 (en) | 2018-10-12 |
CN110870029A (en) | 2020-03-06 |
JP2020522121A (en) | 2020-07-27 |
WO2018189260A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
US20200126697A1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
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