EP3608516B1 - Système de surveillance et de commande pour un conduit d'écoulement - Google Patents

Système de surveillance et de commande pour un conduit d'écoulement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3608516B1
EP3608516B1 EP19190838.3A EP19190838A EP3608516B1 EP 3608516 B1 EP3608516 B1 EP 3608516B1 EP 19190838 A EP19190838 A EP 19190838A EP 3608516 B1 EP3608516 B1 EP 3608516B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
circumferential direction
averaging
along
fluid
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EP19190838.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3608516A1 (fr
Inventor
James Reepmeyer
Gagan ADIBHATLA
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • G01F1/688—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element
    • G01F1/69—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element of resistive type
    • G01F1/692—Thin-film arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
    • F01D17/08—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to condition of working-fluid, e.g. pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
    • F01D17/08—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to condition of working-fluid, e.g. pressure
    • F01D17/085—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to condition of working-fluid, e.g. pressure to temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/12—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/18—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • G01F1/6847—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow where sensing or heating elements are not disturbing the fluid flow, e.g. elements mounted outside the flow duct
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
    • G01K13/024—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow of moving gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
    • G01K3/02—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values
    • G01K3/06—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values in respect of space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
    • F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
    • F02D2200/0414—Air temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/213—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by the provision of a heat exchanger within the cooling circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/80—Diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/301—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/303—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K2205/00—Application of thermometers in motors, e.g. of a vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the present subject matter relates generally to a monitoring and control system for a flow duct, such as e.g., a flow duct of a turbine engine.
  • sensing one or more characteristics of an airflow flowing through an annular high bypass duct of a turbofan engine may provide insight into the performance of the engine or one or more operational components thereof.
  • sensed fluid characteristics may provide insight into whether a heat exchanger disposed within the bypass duct is operating properly.
  • Conventional sensor arrangements for sensing fluid characteristics of a fluid flowing through a flow duct include: placing a single annular sensor along the flow passage, segmenting sensors and aligning them end-to-end circumferentially about the flow passage, and placing one or more radially extending sensors into the flow passage. While a high level of granularity or detail about the characteristics of a fluid passing through a flow duct is desirable, achieving additional granularity with such conventional sensor arrangements requires adding additional or higher fidelity sensors. Additional sensors add weight and cost to the system while higher fidelity sensors can add considerable cost to the system.
  • EP 1 160 551 A1 discloses a method for characterizing the parameters of a normally occurring turbine exhaust gas temperature.
  • US 2013 259088 A1 discloses an apparatus for measuring the circumferential distribution of temperature in a fluid.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a system as defined in claim 1.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a method for determining a component status of an operational component disposed within a flow passage as defined in in claim 8.
  • the flow duct is a pipe for use in a chemical process plant.
  • the flow duct is a pipe in a petroleum refinery.
  • the flow duct is a pipe or tube in a power plant.
  • the flow duct is at least a portion of a core air flowpath of a turbine engine.
  • the flow duct is an annular bypass duct of a gas turbine engine.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a monitoring and control system for a flow duct and a method for determining a component status of an operational component disposed within a flow passage of the flow duct utilizing the system.
  • the system includes at least two sensors that are disposed within the flow passage and configured to sense or measure a characteristic of a fluid flowing within the flow passage of the duct.
  • the sensors may be averaging sensors. Each sensor extends circumferentially about an axial centerline defined by the flow duct. More particularly, the sensors are arranged in an overlapped arrangement. That is, the sensors extend circumferentially about the axial centerline such that the sensors physically overlap one another circumferentially. Additionally, the sensors may be disposed within the same or substantially the same plane axially.
  • the overlapped arrangement of the sensors defines more sensing regions than sensors, thus improving sensing capability.
  • Overlapped regions and non-overlapped regions defined by the sensors may be strategically aligned axially, radially, and circumferentially proximate various operational components to detect the performance of such operational components. In this way, a component state of one or more operational components may be determined and appropriate control actions may be generated accordingly to control the system.
  • FIG. 1 provides a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas turbine engine in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. More particularly, for the embodiment of FIG. 1 , the gas turbine engine is a high-bypass turbofan jet engine 10, referred to herein as "turbofan 10." As shown in FIG. 1 , the turbofan 10 defines an axial direction A (extending parallel to a longitudinal centerline 12 provided for reference), a radial direction R, and a circumferential direction C. In general, the axial direction A extends parallel to the longitudinal centerline 12, the radial direction R extends orthogonally to or from the longitudinal axis 12, and the circumferential direction C extends around the longitudinal centerline 12.
  • the turbofan 10 includes a fan section 14 and a core turbine engine 16 disposed downstream of the fan section 14.
  • the core turbine engine 16 depicted generally includes a substantially tubular outer casing 18 that defines an annular core inlet 20.
  • the outer casing 18 encases, in serial flow relationship, a compressor section including a booster or low pressure (LP) compressor 22 and a high pressure (HP) compressor 24; a combustion section 26; a turbine section including a high pressure (HP) turbine 28 and a low pressure (LP) turbine 30; and a jet exhaust nozzle section 32.
  • a high pressure (HP) shaft or spool 34 drivingly connects the HP turbine 28 to the HP compressor 24.
  • a low pressure (LP) shaft or spool 36 drivingly connects the LP turbine 30 to the LP compressor 22.
  • the compressor section, combustion section 26, turbine section, and nozzle section 32 together define a core air flowpath 37. Additionally, a space between the casing 18 and the compressors 22, 24, a combustor of the combustion section 26, and the turbines 28, 30 may be referred to as an "under-cowl" area.
  • the fan section 14 includes a fan 38 having a plurality of fan blades 40 coupled to a disk 42 in a spaced apart manner. As depicted, the fan blades 40 extend outwardly from disk 42 generally along the radial direction R. The fan blades 40 and disk 42 are together rotatable about the longitudinal axis 12 by the LP shaft 36. For this embodiment, the fan blades 40 and disk 42 are together rotatable about the longitudinal axis 12 by the LP shaft 36 across a reduction gearbox/ power gearbox 46.
  • the reduction gearbox 46 includes a plurality of gears for adjusting or reducing the rotational speed of the fan 38 relative to the LP shaft 36 to a more efficient rotational fan speed. In some embodiments, however, turbofan 10 does not include a reduction gearbox 46.
  • the disk 42 is covered by a rotatable spinner or front hub 48 aerodynamically contoured to promote an airflow through the plurality of fan blades 40.
  • the exemplary fan section 14 includes an annular fan casing or outer nacelle 50 that circumferentially surrounds the fan 38 and a portion of the core turbine engine 16.
  • the exemplary nacelle 50 is supported relative to the core turbine engine 16 by a plurality of circumferentially-spaced outlet guide vanes 52.
  • a downstream section 54 of the nacelle 50 extends over an outer portion of the core turbine engine 16 so as to define an annular bypass airflow passage 56 therebetween.
  • the nacelle 50 may extend substantially along or along the full axial length of the core turbine engine 16 such that turbofan 10 is a long-duct, mix-flow turbofan. In yet other embodiments, nacelle 50 may extend annularly around the core turbine engine 116 such that turbofan 10 is a low-bypass, mixed flow engine with a fixed or variable exhaust nozzle at nozzle section 32.
  • a volume of air 58 enters the turbofan 10 through an associated inlet 60 of the nacelle 50 and/or fan section 14 and passes across the fan blades 40.
  • the volume of air 58 is then split at a flow splitter 51 into a first portion of air 62 that is directed or routed into the bypass airflow passage 56 and a second portion of air 64 is directed or routed into the annular core inlet 20 of the core air flowpath 37.
  • the ratio between the first portion of air 62 and the second portion of air 64 is commonly known as a bypass ratio.
  • the pressure of the second portion of air 64 is first increased by the booster or LP compressor 22 and is further increased as it is routed through the HP compressor 24.
  • the compressed first portion of air 64 flows into the combustion section 26 where it is mixed with fuel and burned to provide combustion gases 66.
  • the combustion gases 66 are routed through the HP turbine 28 where a portion of thermal and/or kinetic energy from the combustion gases 66 is extracted via sequential stages of HP turbine stator vanes 68 that are coupled to the outer casing 18 and HP turbine rotor blades 70 that are coupled to the HP shaft or spool 34, thus causing the HP shaft or spool 34 to rotate, thereby supporting operation of the HP compressor 24.
  • the combustion gases 66 are then routed through the LP turbine 30 where a second portion of thermal and kinetic energy is extracted from the combustion gases 66 via sequential stages of LP turbine stator vanes 72 that are coupled to the outer casing 18 and LP turbine rotor blades 74 that are coupled to the LP shaft or spool 36, thus causing the LP shaft or spool 36 to rotate, thereby supporting operation of the LP compressor 22 and/or rotation of the fan 38.
  • the combustion gases 66 are subsequently routed through the jet exhaust nozzle section 32 of the core turbine engine 16 to provide propulsive thrust. Simultaneously, the pressure of the first portion of air 62 is substantially increased as the first portion of air 62 is routed through the bypass airflow passage 56 before it is exhausted from a fan nozzle exhaust section 76 of the turbofan 10, also providing propulsive thrust.
  • the HP turbine 28, the LP turbine 30, and the jet exhaust nozzle section 32 at least partially define a hot gas path 78 for routing the combustion gases 66 through the core turbine engine 16.
  • the turbofan 10 includes a controller 90 operatively configured to control various aspects of the turbofan 10, such as e.g., controlling and monitoring various characteristics of the fluid flowing through one or more flow ducts of the turbofan 10, e.g., the bypass airflow passage 56 or the core air flowpath 37.
  • the controller 90 can be, for example, an Electronic Engine Controller (EEC) or a Digital Engine Controller (DEC) equipped with Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC).
  • the controller 90 can include one or more processor(s) and one or more memory device(s).
  • the one or more processor(s) can include any suitable processing device, such as a microprocessor, microcontroller, integrated circuit, logic device, and/or other suitable processing device.
  • the one or more memory device(s) can include one or more computer-readable media, including, but not limited to, non-transitory computer-readable media, RAM, ROM, hard drives, flash drives, and/or other memory devices.
  • the one or more memory device(s) can store information accessible by the one or more processor(s), including computer-readable instructions that can be executed by the one or more processor(s).
  • the instructions can be any set of instructions that when executed by the one or more processor(s), cause the one or more processor(s) to perform operations.
  • the instructions can be executed by the one or more processor(s) to cause the one or more processor(s) to perform operations, such as any of the operations and functions for which controller 90 is configured.
  • the instructions can be software written in any suitable programming language or can be implemented in hardware. Additionally, and/or alternatively, the instructions can be executed in logically and/or virtually separate threads on processor(s).
  • the memory device(s) can further store data that can be accessed by the one or more processor(s).
  • the data can include various thresholds that facilitate transitioning between gain states for actuating components, as will be described in greater detail herein.
  • the data can be stored in one of the memory device(s) of controller 90, which can be downloaded or transmitted to other computing systems, such as e.g., an offboard computing system.
  • the controller 90 can also include a communication interface for communicating with the other components (e.g., actuating components or actuators configured to actuate such components) via a communication bus.
  • the communication interface can include any suitable components for interfacing with one or more network(s), including e.g., transmitters, receivers, ports, controllers, antennas, and/or other suitable components.
  • the controller 90 may be communicatively coupled with a communication network.
  • Communication network can include, for example, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), SATCOM network, VHF network, a HF network, a Wi-Fi network, a WiMAX network, a gatelink network, and/or any other suitable communications network for transmitting messages to and/or from the controller 90 to other computing systems.
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • SATCOM network VHF network
  • HF network HF network
  • Wi-Fi network Wireless Fidelity
  • WiMAX Wireless Fidelity
  • the exemplary turbofan 10 depicted in FIG. 1 is provided as an example only. In other exemplary embodiments, the turbofan 10 may have any other suitable configuration.
  • aspects of the present disclosure may be incorporated into, e.g., a turboshaft engine, turboprop engine, turbocore engine, turbojet engine, an aeroderivative engine, industrial turbine engines, etc.
  • aspects of the present disclosure may be incorporated into other types of engines, such as steam turbine engines.
  • aspects of the present disclosure may be incorporated into other systems or applications having a flow duct.
  • aspects of the present disclosure may be incorporated into flow ducts of the chemical process plants, petroleum refineries, cover pipelines (e.g., steam-pipes), power plants, industrial burners (e.g., coal-fired power plants), industrial coolers (e.g., large-scale HVAC or refrigeration systems), industrial heat exchangers, etc.
  • cover pipelines e.g., steam-pipes
  • power plants e.g., steam-pipes
  • industrial burners e.g., coal-fired power plants
  • industrial coolers e.g., large-scale HVAC or refrigeration systems
  • industrial heat exchangers e.g., heat exchangers, etc.
  • FIG. 2 provides a schematic, axial cross sectional view of an exemplary monitoring and control system 100 for a flow duct 110 in accordance with exemplary aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the monitoring and control system 100 is operatively configured for sensing and monitoring characteristics of the fluid flowing through a flow passage 112 defined by the flow duct 110.
  • the flow duct 110 may be the annular flow duct formed by the casing 18 and nacelle 50 of the turbofan 10 of FIG. 1 and the flow passage may be the bypass airflow passage 56.
  • Example characteristics of the fluid that may be sensed and monitored by the system 100 include the pressure and temperature of the fluid flowing within the flow duct 110. Moreover, other characteristics may be sensed and monitored, such as e.g., mass flow.
  • the system 100 is operatively configured to control various operational components based at least in part on the sensed and monitored characteristics of the fluid flowing through the flow passage 112 of the flow duct 110.
  • the flow duct 110 defines an axial direction A, a radial direction R, and a circumferential direction C.
  • the flow duct 110 also defines an axial centerline AC extending through its center along the axial direction A.
  • the axial direction A extends parallel to the axial centerline AC
  • the radial direction R extends orthogonally to and from the axial centerline AC
  • the circumferential direction C extends around the axial centerline AC.
  • the flow duct 110 is an annular flow duct.
  • the flow duct 110 includes an inner wall 114 and an outer wall 116 spaced from the inner wall 114, e.g., along the radial direction R.
  • the inner wall 114 may be the casing 18 and the outer wall 116 may be the nacelle 50 of the turbofan 10 of FIG. 1 .
  • the inner wall 114 may be an inner duct wall and the outer wall 116 may be an outer duct wall of the core air flowpath 37 of the turbofan 10 of FIG. 1 .
  • the flow duct is depicted in FIG. 2 as having a generally annular shape, in other exemplary embodiments, the flow duct 110 may be a tube, pipe, generally circular, elliptical, oval-shaped, or some other cross section having some degree of curvature.
  • the system 100 depicted in FIG. 2 includes a controller 120 and a plurality of sensors arranged in an overlapping or overlapped arrangement.
  • the controller 120 may be the controller 90 of the turbofan 10 of FIG. 1 , for example.
  • the controller 120 is communicatively coupled with the plurality of sensors, e.g., by any suitable wired or wireless connection.
  • the system 100 includes a first sensor 121 extending along the circumferential direction C within the flow passage 112, a second sensor 122 extending along the circumferential direction C within the flow passage 112, a third sensor 123 extending along the circumferential direction C within the flow passage 112, and a fourth sensor 124 extending along the circumferential direction C within the flow passage 112.
  • Each sensor 121, 122, 123, 124 is coupled with the outer wall 116 by one or more coupling members 118.
  • the coupling members 118 structurally support and hold the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 in place. Additionally or alternatively, the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 may be coupled with the inner wall 114. Further, for this embodiment, the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 are disposed within the flow passage approximately midway between the inner wall 114 and the outer wall 116, e.g., along the radial direction R. In this way, the readings by the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 are not or minimally affected by boundary layers along the surfaces of the inner and outer walls 114, 116.
  • the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 are disposed at or about midway between the outer surface of the inner wall 114 and the inner surface of the outer wall 116, e.g., along the radial direction R. Further in some embodiments, one or more of the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 may be affixed to inner wall 114 and/or one or more of the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 may be affixed to outer wall 116.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 are each averaging sensors. That is, each sensor is configured to sense or take an average of a characteristic of the fluid proximate their respective locations.
  • the first sensor 121 is configured to sense or take an average of a characteristic of the fluid proximate the first sensor 121
  • the second sensor 122 is configured to sense or take an average of a characteristic of the fluid proximate the second sensor 122
  • the first, second, third, and fourth sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 may be any suitable type of averaging sensor.
  • the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 are resistance temperature detectors (RTD) ribbon sensors configured for sensing or taking the average temperature of the fluid flowing through the flow passage 112 at their respective locations.
  • RTD resistance temperature detectors
  • the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 may be averaging pressure sensors.
  • the sensors 121, 122, 123, and 124 of the system 100 have an overlapped arrangement. More particularly, for this embodiment, the first sensor 12 1 extends along the circumferential direction C such that at least a portion of the first sensor 121 physically overlaps the second sensor 122 along the circumferential direction C. Thus, the second sensor 122 also physically overlaps the first sensor 121 along the circumferential direction C. That is, at least a portion of the first sensor 121 and at least a portion of the second sensor 122 physically extend along the same portion or arc segment of the arc about the axial centerline AC.
  • the second sensor 122 extends along the circumferential direction C such that at least a portion of the second sensor 122 physically overlaps the third sensor 123 along the circumferential direction C. Consequently, the third sensor 123 also physically overlaps the second sensor 122 along the circumferential direction C.
  • the third sensor 123 extends along the circumferential direction C such that at least a portion of the third sensor 123 physically overlaps the fourth sensor 124 along the circumferential direction C. Accordingly, the fourth sensor 124 also physically overlaps the third sensor 123 along the circumferential direction C.
  • the fourth sensor 124 extends along the circumferential direction C such that at least a portion of the fourth sensor 124 physically overlaps the first sensor 121 along the circumferential direction C. Accordingly, the first sensor 121 also physically overlaps the fourth sensor 124 along the circumferential direction C.
  • the first and second sensors 121, 122 define a first overlap sensing region SR1 along the circumferential direction C where the first sensor 121 and the second sensor 122 physically overlap one another along the circumferential direction C.
  • the second and third sensors 122, 123 define a second overlap sensing region SR2 along the circumferential direction C where the second sensor 122 and the third sensor 123 physically overlap one another along the circumferential direction C.
  • the third and fourth sensors 123, 124 define a third overlap sensing region SR3 along the circumferential direction C where the third sensor 123 and the fourth sensor 124 physically overlap one another along the circumferential direction C.
  • the fourth and first sensors 124, 121 define a fourth overlap sensing region SR4 along the circumferential direction C where the fourth sensor 124 and the first sensor 121 physically overlap one another along the circumferential direction C.
  • the first sensor 121 defines a first sensing region S1 along the circumferential direction C where the first sensor 121 does not overlap with either the second sensor 122 or the fourth sensor 124 along the circumferential direction C.
  • the second sensor 122 defines a second sensing region S2 along the circumferential direction C where the second sensor 122 does not overlap with either the first sensor 121 or the third sensor 123 along the circumferential direction C.
  • the third sensor 123 defines a third sensing region S3 along the circumferential direction C where the third sensor 123 does not overlap with either the second sensor 122 or the fourth sensor 124 along the circumferential direction C.
  • the fourth sensor 124 defines a fourth sensing region S4 along the circumferential direction C where the fourth sensor 124 does not overlap with either the third sensor 123 or the first sensor 121 along the circumferential direction C. Accordingly, for this embodiment, there are four (4) sensing regions S1, S2, S3, and S4 and four (4) overlap sensing regions SR1, SR2, SR3, and SR4 interspersed with the sensing regions in an alternating arrangement.
  • a total of eight (8) sensing zones or regions are created with only four (4) sensors, i.e., the first, second, third, and fourth sensors 121, 122, 123, 124.
  • the fluid characteristic or characteristics of the fluid flowing through the flow passage 112 of the flow duct 110 may be sensed with a higher level of fidelity or exactness at particular locations within the flow passage 112 than could otherwise be achieved without the overlapped arrangement of the sensors.
  • the system 100 can better monitor the component state of one or more operational components disposed within or proximate the flow passage 112.
  • FIG. 3 provides a perspective view of the exemplary flow duct 110 of FIG. 2 depicting the sensors of the system 100 disposed within the flow passage 112 in an overlapped arrangement.
  • the first sensor 121, the second sensor 122, the third sensor 123, and the fourth sensor 124 each extend along the circumferential direction C within the flow passage 112 in the same or substantially the same plane along the axial direction A.
  • substantially the same plane means that the noted sensors are within one foot of each other along the axial direction A.
  • the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 are disposed in an overlapped arrangement and extend along the circumferential direction C within the flow passage 112 in a plane that is orthogonal to the axial direction A. In this way, when the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 sense a particular characteristic of the fluid flowing through the flow passage 112 of the flow duct 110, the sensors sense characteristics of the fluid flow at that particular plane. This may provide a better of the flow's uniformity through the flow passage 112.
  • the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 may collectively extend about the annular flow passage 112. In this way, the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 collectively form an annular sensing ring. Although only one annular sensing ring is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , it will be appreciated that the system 100 may include multiple annular sensing rings spaced from one another, e.g., along the axial direction A. In this way, characteristics of the fluid flow through the flow passage 112 may be sensed at a first axial plane (a first plane orthogonal to the axial direction A) and again at a second axial plane (a second plane orthogonal to the axial direction A). However, as explained more fully below, the sensors of the system need not collectively extend entirely around the annulus of the flow passage 112.
  • FIG. 4 provides a schematic, axial cross sectional view of another exemplary monitoring and control system 100 in accordance with exemplary aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the system 100 includes a first sensor 121 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C and a second sensor 122 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C.
  • the system 100 includes only a first and second sensor 121, 122 and the sensors 121, 122 collectively do not extend around the entire annulus of the flow passage 112. Rather, the sensors 121, 122 form a partial annular sensing ring or a ring segment.
  • the first sensor 121 and the second sensor 122 are in an overlapped arrangement. That is, at least a portion of the first sensor 121 and at least a portion of the second sensor 122 physically extend along the circumferential direction C along the same portion or arc segment of the arc about the axial centerline AC. Accordingly, as shown, the first and second sensors 121, 122 define a first overlap sensing region SR1 extending along the circumferential direction C where the first sensor 121 and the second sensor 122 physically overlap one another.
  • first sensor 121 defines a first sensing region S1 along the circumferential direction C where the first sensor 121 does not overlap with the second sensor 122 and the second sensor 122 defines a second sensing region S2 along the circumferential direction C where the second sensor 122 does not overlap with the first sensor 121.
  • the first and second sensors 121, 122 may collectively form an annular sensing ring.
  • the first and second sensors 121, 122 define a first overlap sensing region along the circumferential direction C where the first sensor 121 and the second sensor 122 physically overlap one another at a first location along the circumferential direction C and a second overlap sensing region along the circumferential direction C where the first sensor 121 and the second sensor 122 physically overlap one another at a second location along the circumferential direction C.
  • the first sensor 121 defines a first sensing region along the circumferential direction C where the first sensor 121 does not overlap with the second sensor 122 and the second sensor 122 defines a second sensing region along the circumferential direction C where the second sensor 122 does not overlap with the first sensor 121.
  • FIG. 5 provides a schematic, axial cross sectional view of another exemplary monitoring and control system 100 in accordance with exemplary aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the system 100 includes an annular sensing ring collectively formed by a first sensor 121 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C, a second sensor 122 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C, and a third sensor 123 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C.
  • a first sensor 121 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C
  • a second sensor 122 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C
  • a third sensor 123 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C.
  • the system 100 includes a first outer sensor 126 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C and a second outer sensor 128 disposed within the flow passage 112 and extending along the circumferential direction C.
  • the first and second outer sensors 126, 128 are disposed in an overlapped arrangement and are disposed outward of the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124, e.g., along the radial direction R.
  • the first and second outer sensors 126, 128 form a partial annular sensing ring or a ring segment.
  • first and second outer sensors 126, 128 are disposed within the same axial plane as the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 (i.e., a plane orthogonal to the axial direction A).
  • one or more characteristics of the fluid flowing through the flow passage 112 of the flow duct 110 may be sensed at a radially inward position, e.g., by the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124, and at a radially outward position, e.g., by the first and second outer sensors 126, 128. In this way, a greater level of fidelity of the characteristics of the fluid at this particular axial plane of the flow duct 110 may be achieved.
  • the first and second outer sensors 126, 128 define a first outer overlap sensing region FS1 extending along the circumferential direction C where the first outer sensor 126 and the second outer sensor 128 physically overlap one another along the circumferential direction C.
  • the first outer overlap sensing region FS1 is offset from the first overlap sensing region SR1 and the third overlap sensing region SR3, e.g., along the circumferential direction C.
  • the first outer overlap sensing region FS1 and one of the other overlap sensing regions may be aligned along the circumferential direction C.
  • FIG. 6 provides a schematic, axial cross sectional view of another exemplary monitoring and control system 100 for a flow duct in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • one or more operational components are disposed at least partially within or along the flow passage 112.
  • a first operational component 131, a second operational component 132, and a third operational component 133 is positioned within or along the flow passage 112 of the flow duct 110.
  • the first operational component 131 is disposed at least partially within the first overlap sensing region SR1 along the circumferential direction C.
  • the first operational component 131 is disposed at least partially within or proximate the first overlap sensing region SR1 along the axial direction A and the radial direction R.
  • the second operational component 132 is disposed at least partially within the first sensing region S1 along the circumferential direction C and is disposed at least partially within or proximate the first sensing region S1 along the axial direction A and the radial direction R.
  • the third operational component 133 is disposed at least partially within the second sensing region S2 along the circumferential direction C and is disposed at least partially within or proximate the second sensing region S2 along the axial direction A and the radial direction R as shown.
  • the first operational component 131, the second operational component 132, and the third operational component 133 may be any suitable operational components.
  • the first operational component 131 is a heat exchanger
  • the second operational component 132 is a supply line in fluid communication with the heat exchanger
  • the third operational component 133 is a return line in fluid communication with the heat exchanger.
  • the first operational component 131, or heat exchanger is disposed at least partially within the first overlap sensing region SR1 along the circumferential direction C and at least partially within or proximate the first overlap sensing region SR1 along the axial and radial directions A, R.
  • the second operational component 132 and the third operational component 133, or supply and return lines, respectively, are disposed at least partially within the first and second sensing regions S1, S2, respectively, along the circumferential direction C and are disposed at least partially within or proximate their respective sensing regions S1, S2 along the axial and radial directions A, R.
  • the first operational component 131 or heat exchanger in this embodiment may be disposed within one of the sensing regions and the second and third operational components may be disposed at least partially within one of the overlap sensing regions.
  • the system 100 may better evaluate the performance of certain operational components, such as e.g., the operational components 131, 132, 133 of FIG. 6 . That is, the overlapped arrangement of the sensors provide more granularity than could otherwise be achieved with conventional arrangements. Specifically, the overlapped arrangement of the sensors enables the monitoring and control system 100 to isolate various impacts of heat exchanger performance, or more broadly the performance of any operational component, with a higher level of granularity than would otherwise be available with other sensor arrangements.
  • certain operational components such as e.g., the operational components 131, 132, 133 of FIG. 6 . That is, the overlapped arrangement of the sensors provide more granularity than could otherwise be achieved with conventional arrangements. Specifically, the overlapped arrangement of the sensors enables the monitoring and control system 100 to isolate various impacts of heat exchanger performance, or more broadly the performance of any operational component, with a higher level of granularity than would otherwise be available with other sensor arrangements.
  • Adding granularity to the system's measurement capabilities without adding weight or interfaces to the system allows for better performance modeling and prognostics and health management (PHM) of systems for which the monitoring and control system 100 is designed, such as e.g., a turbine engine. Additional interfaces, such as I/O interfaces, may impact the size and cost of the controller 120.
  • PPM prognostics and health management
  • FIG. 7 provides a block diagram of an exemplary process flow of an exemplary monitoring and control system in accordance with exemplary aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the system may be the system 100 of FIG. 6 .
  • the controller 120 is communicatively coupled with the averaging sensors, including the first averaging sensor 121, the second averaging sensor 122, the third averaging sensor 123, and the fourth averaging sensor 124.
  • the controller 120 receives one or more signals from the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124.
  • the controller 120 is configured to receive a first signal SG1 from the first averaging sensor 121 indicative of a characteristic of the fluid flowing proximate the first averaging sensor 121.
  • the controller 120 is also configured to receive a second signal SG2 from the second averaging sensor 122 indicative of a characteristic of the fluid flowing proximate the second averaging sensor 122.
  • the controller 120 is also configured to receive a third signal SG3 from the third averaging sensor 123 indicative of a characteristic of the fluid flowing proximate the third averaging sensor 123. Moreover, the controller 120 is configured to receive a fourth signal SG4 from the fourth averaging sensor 124 indicative of a characteristic of the fluid flowing proximate the fourth averaging sensor 124. In other alternative embodiments, if the system 100 includes more than four (4) sensors, the controller 120 may receive signals from the other sensors as well. The controller 120 may receive the signals directly from the sensors or indirectly, e.g., through one or more electronic components and/or processing filters.
  • the controller 120 determines a component status 140 of one or more operational components of the system 100. For instance, the controller 120 may determine the component status of the first operational component 131, the second operational component 132, the third operational component 133, as well as other operational components 130 disposed within the flow passage 112 or fluidly connected therewith as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the component status of each of the components is determined based at least in part on the signals received from the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124.
  • the component status can be, for example, whether the operational component is "operating in range” or "operating out-of-range.” Other statuses of the operational components are possible.
  • the controller may generate a control action 150 as shown in FIG. 7 and as will be explained further below.
  • the sensing regions defined by the sensors 121, 122, 123, 124 are strategically positioned to be positioned proximate certain operational components of interest.
  • the first operational component 131 is disposed at least partially within the first overlap sensing region SR1
  • the second operational component 132 is disposed within the first sensing region S1
  • the third operational component 133 is disposed within the second sensing region S2
  • the other sensing regions are positioned proximate other operational components 130 of interest.
  • the component status of the first operational component 131 is determined based at least in part on the first signal SG1 and the second signal SG2. More particularly, the controller 120 ascertains whether the first averaging sensor 121 is registering or has registered the characteristic of the fluid within a first predetermined operating range based at least in part on the first signal SG1. The controller 120 also ascertains whether the second averaging sensor 122 is registering the characteristic of the fluid within a second predetermined operating range based at least in part on the second signal SG2.
  • the controller 120 determines that the first operational component 131 is operating in range.
  • a control action may be generated based on such status. For instance, the controller 120 may generate a communication representative of the status and the sensed data and may forward it to a suitable computing system or model for further analysis, such as e.g., a lifing model, a maintenance model, a PHM model, some combination thereof, etc.
  • a control action may also include instructions for operating the system driving or forcing the fluid through the flow passage 112 to adjust its parameters in order to drive the characteristic to an optimal operating point. Other example control actions may be generated by the controller 120.
  • the controller 120 determines that the first operational component 131 is operating in range but that some other operational component, such as the second operational component 132 disposed within the first sensing region S1 or the third operational component 133 disposed within the second sensing region S2, is not in operating range depending on which sensor is registering a characteristic that is not in operating range.
  • a control action may be generated based on such status.
  • the controller 120 determines that the first operational component 131 is not operating in range.
  • a control action may be generated based on such status. For instance, the controller 120 may generate a communication representative of the status and the sensed data and may forward it to a suitable computing system or model for further analysis, such as e.g., a lifing model, a maintenance model, a PHM model, some combination thereof, etc.
  • the control action may also include flagging the component.
  • the first operational component may be flagged as a failure and a communication may be forwarded to a maintenance crew, or in some instance, the component can be automatically shut or turned off.
  • the control action may include instructions for operating the system driving or forcing the fluid through the flow passage 112 to adjust its parameters in order to drive the characteristic to an optimal operating point.
  • Other example control actions may be generated by the controller 120.
  • the second operational component 132 is disposed within the first sensing region S 1. Accordingly, the component status of the second operational component 132 is determined based at least in part on the first signal SG1, the second signal SG2, and the fourth signal SG4. More particularly, the controller 120 ascertains whether the first averaging sensor 121 is registering or has registered the characteristic of the fluid within a first predetermined operating range based at least in part on the first signal SG1. The controller 120 also ascertains whether the second averaging sensor 122 is registering the characteristic of the fluid within a second predetermined operating range based at least in part on the second signal SG2. The controller 120 further ascertains whether the fourth averaging sensor 124 is registering or has registered the characteristic of the fluid within a fourth predetermined operating range based at least in part on the fourth signal SG4.
  • the controller 120 determines that the second operational component 132 is operating in range. A control action may be generated based on such status. In another scenario, if both the first and second sensors 121, 122 have registered the characteristic of the fluid proximate their respective locations not within their respective predetermined operating ranges, then the controller 120 determines that the first operational component 131 is not operating in range and that the second operational component 132 is likely operating in range. A control action may be generated based on such status.
  • the controller 120 determines that the operational component 130 disposed within the forth overlap sensing region SR4 is not operating in range and that the second operational component 132 is likely operating in range. A control action may be generated based on such status.
  • the third operational component 133 is disposed within the second sensing region S2. Accordingly, the component status of the third operational component 133 is determined based at least in part on the first signal SG1, the second signal SG2, and the third signal SG3. More particularly, the controller 120 ascertains whether the first averaging sensor 121 is registering or has registered the characteristic of the fluid within a first predetermined operating range based at least in part on the first signal SG1. The controller 120 also ascertains whether the second averaging sensor 122 is registering the characteristic of the fluid within a second predetermined operating range based at least in part on the second signal SG2. The controller 120 further ascertains whether the third averaging sensor 123 is registering or has registered the characteristic of the fluid within a third predetermined operating range based at least in part on the third signal SG3.
  • the controller 120 determines that the third operational component 133 is operating in range. A control action may be generated based on such status. In another scenario, if both the first and second sensors 121, 122 have registered the characteristic of the fluid proximate their respective locations not within their respective predetermined operating ranges, then the controller 120 determines that the first operational component 131 is not operating in range and that the third operational component 133 is likely operating in range. A control action may be generated based on such status.
  • the controller 120 determines that the operational component 130 disposed within the third overlap sensing region SR3 is not operating in range and that the third operational component 133 is likely operating in range. A control action may be generated based on such status.
  • the overlapped arrangement of the sensors provides improved sensing capability compared to non-overlapped sensor arrangements.
  • FIG. 8 provides a flow diagram of an exemplary method (200) for determining a component status of an operational component disposed within a flow passage defined by a flow duct utilizing a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the flow duct defines an axial direction, a radial direction, and a circumferential direction.
  • the system includes a first averaging sensor extending along the circumferential direction within the flow passage and a second averaging sensor extending along the circumferential direction within the flow passage.
  • the first averaging sensor and the second averaging sensor at least partially physically overlap one another along the circumferential direction.
  • the method may be implemented for any suitable flow duct, e.g., a high bypass duct for a turbine engine, a core air flowpath of a turbine engine, a pipe or tube for a chemical, power, petroleum, or water treatment plant, etc. Other suitable applications are possible.
  • a high bypass duct for a turbine engine e.g., a high bypass duct for a turbine engine, a core air flowpath of a turbine engine, a pipe or tube for a chemical, power, petroleum, or water treatment plant, etc.
  • Other suitable applications are possible.
  • the method (200) includes flowing a fluid through the flow passage.
  • the fluid may be a liquid or a gas.
  • the flow passage may be defined by a flow duct having an annular, circular, or generally curved shape.
  • the flow duct defining the flow passage may be a high bypass duct of a turbine engine, such as e.g., the turbofan 10 of FIG. 1 .
  • air flows through the high bypass duct, e.g., to produce thrust.
  • the fluid may be actively forced through the fluid passage (e.g., by a pump) or may passively flow through or along the flow passage (e.g., by the gravity).
  • the method (200) includes receiving a first signal from the first averaging sensor indicative of a characteristic of the fluid proximate the first averaging sensor.
  • the first averaging sensor may sense a characteristic of the fluid flowing proximate the first averaging sensor and may generate a first signal.
  • the first signal is routed, e.g., via a wired or wireless connection, to a controller, e.g., controller 120.
  • the first signal is indicative of the average of the characteristic over the circumferential length of the first averaging sensor.
  • the controller may receive signals from the first averaging sensor continuously, e.g., at each time step of the controller, or at predetermined intervals.
  • the controller receives the first signal and may process the signal in a manner described further below.
  • the method (200) includes receiving a second signal from the second averaging sensor indicative of a characteristic of the fluid proximate the second averaging sensor.
  • the second averaging sensor may sense a characteristic of the fluid flowing proximate the second averaging sensor and may generate a second signal.
  • the second signal is routed, e.g., via a wired or wireless connection, to the controller.
  • the second signal is indicative of the average of the characteristic over the circumferential length of the second averaging sensor.
  • the controller may receive signals from the second averaging sensor continuously, e.g., at each time step of the controller, or at predetermined intervals. The controller receives the second signal and may process the signal in a manner described further below.
  • the characteristic of the fluid of the first signal and the characteristic of the fluid of the second signal is a temperature of the fluid. In some implementations, the characteristic of the fluid of the first signal and the characteristic of the fluid of the second signal is a pressure of the fluid. In some implementations, the first and second signals may be indicative of both temperature and pressure. In some implementations, the characteristic of the fluid of the first and second signals may be the mass flow of the fluid flowing through the flow passage. In some further implementations, the system may include additional sensors configured for sensing a characteristic of the fluid proximate their respective sensors. In such implementations, the characteristic of the fluid sensed by such sensors may be the same as the characteristic of the first and second signals.
  • the method (200) includes determining the component status of the operational component based at least in part on the first signal and the second signal. For instance, once the controller receives the first and second signals (204) and (206), respectively, the controller processes the signals to determine the status of the component disposed within the flow passage. The component status can be, for example, whether the operational component is "operating properly” or “not operating properly.” Other statuses of the operational component are possible. Based on the determined component status, the controller may generate a control action as noted below at (210).
  • the method (200) includes generating a control action based at least in part on the component status of the operational component.
  • a control action can be generated that is representative of a communication to one or more health monitoring models of the controller or offboard computing system.
  • a control action can be generated that is representative of a communication to PHM model.
  • a control action can be generated that is representative of a communication to the components of the controller or another controller for controlling or adjusting the operational component or some other system in a way that settles the characteristic of the fluid within a predetermined operating range. For instance, one or more actuators may be adjusted to change the mass flow of the fluid through the flow passage, one or more bleed valves may be opened to adjust the pressure within the flow passage, etc.
  • determining the component status of the operational component based at least in part on the first signal and the second signal at (208) includes i) ascertaining whether the first averaging sensor is registering the characteristic of the fluid within a first predetermined operating range based at least in part on the first signal; and ii) ascertaining whether the second averaging sensor is registering the characteristic of the fluid within a second predetermined operating range based at least in part on the second signal.
  • the control action is generated at (210) based at least in part on whether the first averaging sensor is registering the characteristic of the fluid within the first predetermined operating range and whether the second averaging sensor is registering the characteristic of the fluid within the second predetermined operating range.
  • the flow duct is an annular bypass duct of a turbine engine configured for producing thrust for an aerial vehicle, such as e.g., the bypass duct 56 of the gas turbine engine 10 of FIG. 1 .
  • the controller 120 has a lookup table that associates a temperature range expected within the bypass duct proximate the first sensor and proximate the second sensor.
  • the controller determines, by using the look up table, whether the characteristic of the fluid proximate the first sensor, which is temperature in this example, is within the first predetermined operating range and whether the characteristic of the fluid proximate the second sensor is within the second predetermined operating range.
  • whether the fluid characteristics are within their respective predetermined operating ranges provides insight into whether the operational component is working properly.
  • an overlap sensing region is defined along the circumferential direction where the first averaging sensor and the second averaging sensor physically overlap one another (e.g., as shown in FIG. 4 ).
  • the operational component is disposed within the overlap sensing region along the circumferential direction and proximate the overlap sensing region along the radial direction and the circumferential direction. If the first averaging sensor is registering that the characteristic of the fluid is not within the first predetermined operating range and the second averaging sensor is registering that the characteristic of the fluid is not within the second predetermined operating range, at (210) generating the control action includes flagging the operational component. For instance, the controller may flag the operational component as a component failure and such information may be communicated to a maintenance crew.
  • the operational component is a heat exchanger disposed at least partially within the high bypass flow passage.
  • the heat exchanger is positioned at least partially within the overlap sensing region.
  • the arrangement of the first and second sensors may provide a high level of granularity as to whether the heat exchanger is working properly.
  • the controller determines that the heat exchanger and any components disposed proximate the first and second sensors are working properly.
  • the controller determines that the heat exchanger and any components disposed proximate the first sensor are working properly, but that one or more components disposed proximate the second sensor are not working properly, e.g., there may be a leak or blockage in one of the fluid conduits proximate the second sensor.
  • the controller determines that the heat exchanger and any components disposed proximate the second sensor are working properly, but that one or more components disposed proximate the first sensor are not working properly.
  • the controller determines that the heat exchanger is not working properly as both sensors are registering that the fluid characteristics are out of their respective predetermined operating ranges.
  • the overlapped arrangement of the two sensors provides three sensing regions, thereby providing more granularity relating to the fluid characteristics flowing within the flow passage. It will be appreciated that the heat exchanger may be positioned in other sensing regions, such as e.g., non-overlap sensing regions.
  • the system further includes a third averaging sensor extending along the circumferential direction within the flow passage (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5 ).
  • the third averaging sensor at least partially physically overlaps at least one of the first averaging sensor and the second averaging sensor along the circumferential direction.
  • the third averaging sensor 123 physically overlaps the first sensor 121 and the second sensor 122.
  • the method (200) further includes receiving a third signal from the third averaging sensor indicative of a characteristic of the fluid proximate the third averaging sensor. Accordingly, determining the component status of the operational component at (208) is based at least in part on the third signal.
  • determining the component status of the operational component based at least in part on the third signal includes ascertaining whether the third averaging sensor, the second averaging sensor, and the third averaging sensor of the system collectively form a segment of a sensing ring.

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Claims (13)

  1. Système (100), comprenant :
    un conduit d'écoulement (110) définissant un passage d'écoulement (112) et une direction axiale (A), une direction radiale (R) et une direction circonférentielle (C) ;
    un premier capteur (121) s'étendant le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement (112) ; et
    un deuxième capteur (122) s'étendant le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement (112) ;
    dans lequel le premier capteur (121) s'étend le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) de telle sorte qu'au moins une partie du premier capteur (121) chevauche physiquement le deuxième capteur (122) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) ;
    dans lequel le premier capteur (121) et le deuxième capteur (122) définissent une région de détection de chevauchement (SR1) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) où le premier capteur (121) et le deuxième capteur (122) se chevauchent physiquement l'un l'autre le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) ;
    dans lequel le premier capteur (121) définit une première région de détection (S1) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) où le premier capteur (121) et le deuxième capteur (122) ne se chevauchent pas ;
    dans lequel le deuxième capteur (122) définit une seconde région de détection (S2) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) où le deuxième capteur (122) et le premier capteur (121) ne se chevauchent pas ;
    dans lequel le système (100) comprend en outre un premier composant fonctionnel (131) disposé à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement (112) et disposé au moins partiellement à l'intérieur de la région de détection de chevauchement (SR1) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C), et dans lequel le premier composant fonctionnel (131) est positionné à proximité de la région de détection de chevauchement (SR1) le long de la direction axiale (A) et de la direction radiale (R).
  2. Système (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier capteur (121) et le deuxième capteur (122) s'étendent tous deux le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) dans le même plan ou sensiblement dans le même plan le long de la direction axiale (A).
  3. Système (100) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le système (100) comprend en outre :
    un troisième capteur (123) s'étendant le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement (112), dans lequel le troisième capteur (123) s'étend le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) de telle sorte que le troisième capteur (123) chevauche physiquement le premier capteur (121) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) et de telle sorte que le troisième capteur (123) chevauche physiquement le deuxième capteur (122) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C).
  4. Système (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le premier capteur (121) et le deuxième capteur (122) sont de capteurs de moyenne.
  5. Système (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le conduit d'écoulement (110) est un conduit de dérivation annulaire (56) d'une turbomachine (10).
  6. Procédé (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant en outre :
    un deuxième composant fonctionnel (132) en communication fluidique avec le premier composant fonctionnel (131) ; et
    un troisième composant fonctionnel (133) en communication fluidique avec le premier composant fonctionnel (131) ;
    dans lequel le deuxième composant fonctionnel (132) et le troisième composant fonctionnel (133) sont disposés à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement (112) et à l'intérieur de l'une de la première région de détection (S1) et de la seconde région de détection (S2) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C), et dans lequel le deuxième composant fonctionnel (132) et le troisième composant fonctionnel (133) sont positionnés à proximité d'une de la première région de détection (S1) et de la seconde région de détection (S2) le long de la direction axiale (A) et de la direction radiale (R).
  7. Système (100) selon la revendication 6, comprenant en outre :
    un dispositif de commande couplé de manière communicative au premier capteur (121) et au deuxième capteur (122), le dispositif de commande étant configuré pour :
    recevoir un premier signal (SG1) provenant du premier capteur (121) indiquant une caractéristique du fluide à proximité du premier capteur (121) ;
    recevoir un second signal (SG2) provenant du deuxième capteur (122) indiquant une caractéristique du fluide à proximité du deuxième capteur (122) ;
    déterminer un état de composant (140) d'un ou plusieurs des premier, deuxième et troisième composants fonctionnels (131, 132, 133) sur la base au moins en partie du premier signal (SG1) et du deuxième signal (SG2) ; et
    générer une action de commande (150) sur la base au moins en partie de l'état de composant (140) du ou des premier, deuxième et troisième composants fonctionnels (131, 132, 133).
  8. Procédé (200) permettant de déterminer un état de composant (140) d'un composant fonctionnel (130) disposé à l'intérieur d'un passage d'écoulement (112) défini par un conduit d'écoulement (110) à l'aide d'un système (100), le conduit d'écoulement (110) définissant une direction axiale (A), une direction radiale (R), et une direction circonférentielle (C), le système (100) comprenant un premier capteur de moyenne (121) s'étendant le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement (112) et un deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) s'étendant le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement (112), dans lequel les premier et deuxième capteurs (121, 122) sont disposés au sein du passage d'écoulement (112) le procédé (200) comprenant :
    l'écoulement d'un fluide à travers le passage d'écoulement (112) ;
    la réception d'un premier signal (SG1) provenant du premier capteur de moyenne (121) indiquant une caractéristique du fluide à proximité du premier capteur de moyenne (121) ;
    la réception d'un deuxième signal (SG2) depuis le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) indiquant une caractéristique du fluide à proximité du deuxième capteur de moyenne (122), dans lequel le premier capteur de moyenne (121) et le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) se chevauchent au moins partiellement l'un l'autre le long de la direction circonférentielle (C), dans lequel une région de détection de chevauchement (SR1) est définie le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) où le premier capteur de moyenne (121) et le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) se chevauchent physiquement, et dans lequel le composant opérationnel (130) est disposé au sein de la région de détection de chevauchement (SR1) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) et à proximité de la région de détection de chevauchement (SR1) le long de la direction radiale (R) et de la direction circonférentielle (C), dans lequel le premier capteur de moyenne (121) définit une première région de détection (S1) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) où le premier capteur de moyenne (121) et le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) ne se chevauchent pas, dans lequel le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) définit une seconde région (2) le long d'une direction circonférentielle (C) où le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) et le premier capteur de moyenne (121) ne se chevauchent pas ;
    la détermination de l'état de composant (140) du composant fonctionnel (130) sur la base au moins en partie du premier signal (SG1) et du deuxième signal (SG2) ; et
    la génération d'une action de commande (150) sur la base au moins en partie de l'état de composant (140) du composant fonctionnel (130).
  9. Procédé (200) selon la revendication 8, dans lequel la détermination de l'état de composant (140) du composant fonctionnel (130) sur la base au moins en partie du premier signal et du deuxième signal comprend :
    la vérification du fait de savoir si le premier capteur de moyenne (121) enregistre la caractéristique du fluide dans une première plage de fonctionnement prédéterminée sur la base au moins en partie du premier signal (SG1) ; et
    la vérification du fait de savoir si le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) enregistre la caractéristique du fluide dans une deuxième plage de fonctionnement prédéterminée sur la base au moins en partie du deuxième signal ;
    dans lequel l'action de commande (150) est générée sur la base au moins en partie du fait que le premier capteur de moyenne (121) enregistre la caractéristique du fluide dans la première plage de fonctionnement prédéterminée et du fait que le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) enregistre la caractéristique du fluide dans la deuxième plage de fonctionnement prédéterminée.
  10. Procédé (200) selon la revendication 9, dans lequel si le premier capteur de moyenne (121) enregistre la caractéristique du fluide en dehors de la première plage de fonctionnement prédéterminée et que le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) enregistre la caractéristique du fluide en dehors de la deuxième plage de fonctionnement prédéterminée, la génération de l'action de commande (150) comprend le marquage du composant fonctionnel (130).
  11. Procédé (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, dans lequel le système (100) comprend en outre un troisième capteur de moyenne (123) s'étendant le long de la direction circonférentielle (C) à l'intérieur du passage d'écoulement (112), le troisième capteur de moyenne (123) chevauchant au moins partiellement physiquement au moins l'un parmi le premier capteur de moyenne (121) et le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C), le procédé (200) comprenant en outre :
    la réception d'un troisième signal (SG3) provenant du troisième capteur de moyenne (123) indiquant une caractéristique du fluide à proximité du troisième capteur de moyenne (123) ;
    dans lequel la détermination de l'état de composant (140) du composant fonctionnel (130) est basée au moins en partie sur le troisième signal (SG3), et dans lequel la détermination de l'état de composant (140) du composant fonctionnel (130) sur la base au moins en partie du troisième signal (SG3) comprend :
    la vérification du fait de savoir si le troisième capteur de moyenne (123) enregistre la caractéristique du fluide dans une troisième plage de fonctionnement prédéterminée sur la base au moins en partie du troisième signal (SG3), et dans lequel l'action de commande (150) est générée sur la base au moins en partie du fait que le troisième capteur de moyenne (123) enregistre la caractéristique du fluide dans la troisième plage de fonctionnement prédéterminée.
  12. Procédé (200) selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le conduit d'écoulement (110) définit une ligne médiane axiale (AC), et dans lequel le premier capteur de moyenne (121), le deuxième capteur de moyenne (122) et le troisième capteur de moyenne (123) forment collectivement un anneau de détection s'étendant autour de la ligne médiane axiale (AC) le long de la direction circonférentielle (C).
  13. Procédé (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 12, dans lequel la caractéristique du fluide du premier signal (SG1) et la caractéristique du fluide du deuxième signal (SG2) est au moins l'une parmi une température et une pression du fluide.
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US11713990B2 (en) 2023-08-01
US20220082422A1 (en) 2022-03-17
CN110821682A (zh) 2020-02-21
US20200049540A1 (en) 2020-02-13
CN110821682B (zh) 2022-07-12
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