EP3599940B1 - Articulation mechanism for chairs - Google Patents

Articulation mechanism for chairs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3599940B1
EP3599940B1 EP18728757.8A EP18728757A EP3599940B1 EP 3599940 B1 EP3599940 B1 EP 3599940B1 EP 18728757 A EP18728757 A EP 18728757A EP 3599940 B1 EP3599940 B1 EP 3599940B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slot
support
pin
frame
articulation
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Active
Application number
EP18728757.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3599940A1 (en
Inventor
Sergio Moreschi
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CO FE MO Industrie Srl
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CO FE MO Industrie Srl
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C3/00—Chairs characterised by structural features; Chairs or stools with rotatable or vertically-adjustable seats
    • A47C3/02—Rocking chairs
    • A47C3/025—Rocking chairs with seat, or seat and back-rest unit elastically or pivotally mounted in a rigid base frame
    • A47C3/026—Rocking chairs with seat, or seat and back-rest unit elastically or pivotally mounted in a rigid base frame with central column, e.g. rocking office chairs; Tilting chairs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an articulation mechanism for chairs, in particular of the type in which the seat and the backrest are mutually rigidly connected, typically in a single body.
  • chairs in the jargon called 'tilting'
  • 'tilting' which comprise an articulation mechanism comprising a frame constrained to a supporting base for resting the chair on the ground and a support for a single seat-backrest body of the chair, the support being mounted on the frame by means of a pivot hinge, fixed with respect to the frame, so as to be able to tilt around the fixed pivot between an at-rest position and a maximum tilting position (typically for a maximum tilting amplitude of 15°-20°.
  • Similar chairs are known from e.g. US144603 A or EP3420853 A1 .
  • the mechanism When the support is tilted under the action of a user's stress (typically exerted on the backrest), the mechanism opposes an elastic reaction which tends to set the support back into the at-rest configuration (i.e. without stress).
  • This reaction is typically obtained by the contribution of an elastic element, for example at least one spring interposed between the frame and the support.
  • the reaction of the mechanism to a given tilting is adjustable, for example thanks to a user-operated adjustment system to vary the degree of preloading of the elastic element.
  • a system for adjusting the degree of compression of the spring in a given configuration i.e. that of at-rest).
  • the Applicant has observed that in the known articulation mechanisms the difference in height of the front edge of the seat between the maximum tilting configuration and the at-rest configuration (in the jargon called 'legs lifting') may be excessive.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide for an articulation mechanism for chairs which solves one or more of the problems described above.
  • the invention relates to an articulation mechanism for chairs according to claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to a chair, as set forth in claim 10, comprising the articulation mechanism in accordance with the present invention and said rigid seat-backrest body rigidly mounted on said support.
  • vertical, horizontal, upper, lower and the like refer to the vertical direction of gravity in a condition of normal use of a chair comprising the articulation mechanism of the present invention.
  • front and rear refer to a normal use of a chair comprising the present invention, wherein the user's legs are located at the front portion of the mechanism.
  • the aforesaid characteristics allow that, as the user weight varies, the reaction of the mechanism to a given tilting is more intense the heavier is the user (in the jargon this effect is called 'weighing-people'), all this regardless of the presence or absence of a 'hardness' adjustment (e.g. the preload of the reaction spring or the position of its anchoring ends).
  • the support is subject to the weight force of the user, which generates a substantially vertical weight force acting on the slot or on the pin (depending on which of the two is firmly constrained to the support).
  • This weight force can be instantaneously decomposed into a component tangential to the slot in the instant contact point and in a component perpendicular to it (which is cancelled by the constraining reaction which has an application point in the instant contact point between pin and slot).
  • the tangential component of the weight force tends to push down the support in opposition to the tilting motion and this component must be overcome to effect and maintain the tilting. Therefore, the aforesaid characteristics of the first angle cause, as the user weight varies, the reaction of the mechanism to a tilting to be more intense the heavier is the user, even in the absence of adjustments of the mechanism.
  • the pin-slot coupling involves a sliding friction (static and dynamic) between the pin and slot surfaces in mutual sliding.
  • This friction having an application point in the instant contact point, is generally proportional to the overall constraining reaction perpendicular to the contact surface, which tends to push the pin and the slot against each other.
  • This overall constraining reaction comprises the aforesaid component of the weight force perpendicular to the tangential component (and possibly the perpendicular component of the action force, better described further below). Therefore, as the user weight varies, the sliding friction force is greater the greater is the weight of the user and this effect contributes to the variation of the reaction of the mechanism according to the user weight.
  • the elastic reaction force exerted by the elastic element counteracts the tilting of the support with respect to an at-rest condition, all the greater the wider is the tilting.
  • said elastic element is (directly) abutted, at a first end thereof, to the frame and, at a second end thereof, to the first articulation system or to the support for the seat, in this way the mechanism is structurally simple, rational and effective.
  • the Applicant has found that the reaction of the mechanism is, given the same spring, generally lower than the reaction of the present invention, which uses slots and pins. According to the Applicant, this may be due to the sliding friction that develops between the pin and the slot and which, on the contrary, is negligible in the case of a connecting rod.
  • the present invention in one or more of the aforesaid aspects may have one or more of the following preferred characteristics.
  • the aforesaid reference plane perpendicular to the pin is taken as reference.
  • said first and second articulation system are configured so that in the maximum tilting configuration a front portion of said support is higher and more rearward than in the at-rest configuration. In this way, the legs lifting is limited.
  • said first angle in said at-rest configuration is less than or equal to said first angle in said maximum tilting configuration. In this way, the 'weighing people' effect increases as the tilting increases.
  • said first slot comprises at least one rectilinear section, more preferably it is entirely rectilinear (for example, said first angle remains constant during at least one portion of the, most preferably during the whole, movement of the tilting mechanism from the at-rest configuration to the maximum tilting configuration).
  • said first angle gradually increases (more preferably monotonically) during at least one part of the, more preferably during the whole, movement of the tilting mechanism from the at-rest configuration to the maximum tilting configuration.
  • said first slot comprises at least one curvilinear section, more preferably it is entirely curvilinear. In this way the 'weighing-people' effect is amplified as the amplitude of the tilting increases.
  • the tilting force when the seat support is stressed by tilting (for example by exerting a tilting force on the backrest which is firmly constrained to the seat), the tilting force generates an action force on the pin or on the slot (depending on which of the two is firmly constrained to the seat support) that produces the relative motion between pin and slot and therefore the tilting of the seat.
  • the action force can be decomposed into its two components: the one tangential to the slot in the reaction point and the one perpendicular to the first.
  • the perpendicular component is cancelled by the constraining reaction of the slot-pin coupling (which has an application point in the point of instant contact between pin and slot, where the perpendicular component of the action force and the constraining reaction push the pin against the slot), while the tangential component is the one that produces the relative motion between pin and slot.
  • the tangential component of the action force is progressively reduced in favour of an increase in the perpendicular component.
  • the tangential component of the weight force increases progressively to the detriment of a decrease in the perpendicular component of the weight force.
  • the tilting force necessary for the tilting must overcome, in addition to any elastic spring reaction force (which typically increases substantially linearly with the tilting angle), also the aforesaid tangential component of the weight force, which increases progressively and the more the greater is the user's weight, provided that the tangential component of the action force decreases.
  • the result of these effects is a gradual hardening of the reaction as the tilting increases, additional to that of the spring's elastic return force, and proportional to the user weight.
  • the Applicant observes that as the tilting angle increases, the contribution to the sliding friction force provided by the weight force decreases, while the contribution to the sliding friction force provided by the action force increases, thereby ensuring that the friction is always present.
  • said first slot comprises at least one circular arc section, more preferably the entire first slot has circular arc development.
  • the present invention also provides for solutions wherein said first angle is equal to zero in at least one tilting configuration, for example in the at-rest configuration.
  • at least a section of the first slot may be rectilinear and horizontal.
  • said first angle in said at-rest configuration is greater than or equal to 10°, more preferably greater than or equal to 15°, and/or less than or equal to 50°, more preferably less than or equal to 40°.
  • said first angle in said maximum tilting configuration is greater than or equal to 40°, more preferably greater than or equal to 50°, still more preferably greater than or equal to 60°.
  • said first slot is afforded in said frame, preferably in a respective side wall of the frame, and said first pin is firmly constrained to said support.
  • said first slot is afforded in said support, preferably in a respective side wall of the support, and said first pin is firmly constrained to said frame, more preferably it is integral (that is, in a single piece) with said frame.
  • the solution with the first pin integral to the frame reduces the production costs, since the pin can be moulded together with the frame and therefore does not require production and assembly as a separate element.
  • said first slot has (at least a section of) curvilinear development with the concavity facing frontward and upward. More preferably, said first slot has (at least a section of) circular arc development with centre arranged in a front-upper quadrant with respect to the first slot.
  • said first slot has (at least a section of) curvilinear development with the concavity facing rearward and downward. More preferably, said first slot has circular arc development with centre arranged in a rear-lower quadrant with respect to the first slot. Preferably, said circular arc has a radius greater than or equal to 50 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 60 mm, and/or less than or equal to 200mm, more preferably less than or equal to 150mm.
  • said first articulation system comprises, more preferably for each side of said articulation mechanism, a connection element (directly) hinged to said frame in a rotation point and (directly) hinged to said support in a hinge point.
  • the hinge point is located, with reference to said reference plane, in back of a vertical line passing through said axis of rotation and/or above a horizontal line passing through said axis of rotation. In this way the legs lifting is limited, as the rear portion of the support tends to lower during the tilting.
  • said first articulation system comprises, for each side of said articulation mechanism, a second slot afforded in either one of said support or said frame and a second pin firmly constrained to the other of said support or said frame, wherein the second pin engages said second slot in such a manner that said second pin slides in said second slot during the transition of the tilting mechanism from the at-rest configuration to the maximum tilting configuration and vice versa.
  • a second angle is defined as an acute angle formed between a tangent to the second slot in a respective instant contact point between the second slot and second pin and a horizontal line, above the horizontal line.
  • said second angle in said at-rest configuration is less than or equal to said second angle in said maximum tilting configuration, said second angle facing frontward. In this way it is given good ergonomics to the seat.
  • the second slot comprises at least one rectilinear section, more preferably it has entirely rectilinear development (for example said second angle remains constant during at least a portion of the, more preferably during the whole, movement of the tilting mechanism from the at-rest configuration to the maximum tilting configuration).
  • said second angle gradually increases (more preferably monotonically) during at least one part of the, more preferably during the whole, movement of the tilting mechanism from the at-rest configuration to the maximum tilting configuration.
  • the second slot comprises at least one curvilinear section, more preferably it has entirely curvilinear development.
  • said second slot comprises at least one circular arc section, more preferably the entire second slot has a circular arc development.
  • said second angle in said at-rest configuration is greater than or equal to 20°, more preferably greater than or equal to 30°, and/or less than or equal to 80°, more preferably less than or equal to 70°.
  • said second angle in said maximum tilting configuration is greater than or equal to 40°, more preferably greater than or equal to 50°, even more preferably greater than or equal to 60°.
  • said second slot is afforded in said frame and said second pin is firmly constrained to said support.
  • said second slot has a curvilinear development with concavity facing frontward and downward. More preferably, said second slot has circular arc development with centre arranged in a front-lower quadrant with respect to the second slot.
  • said second slot is afforded in said support and said second pin is firmly constrained to said frame, more preferably it is integral (that is, in a single piece) with said frame.
  • said second slot has a curvilinear development with concavity facing frontward and downward. More preferably, said second slot has circular arc development with centre arranged in a front-lower quadrant with respect to the second slot.
  • said at least one elastic element is a spring.
  • said elastic element is configured to operate in extension.
  • said elastic element exerts a residual elastic return force between support and frame ('preload').
  • the second end of the elastic element is abutted to said pin firmly constrained to said support and interposed, in said reference plane, between said first and second articulation system.
  • the Applicant has verified that, with respect to the solution in which the second end of the elastic element is abutted to the first articulation system (for example on the hinge pin between the connecting element and support or on the coupling pin between the support and the frame of the first articulation system), the above solution allows a greater and more linear elongation of the elastic element during the entire tilting, and at the same time provides a return torque of the elastic element having a greater arm during the entire movement of the mechanism. This results in a good progressivity of the reaction of the mechanism also in the last portion of the entire tilting.
  • the articulation mechanism comprises an adjustment system structured for moving a first and/or a second end of said elastic element with respect to the frame and/or the support, and/or for varying the elastic constant of the elastic element (for example by varying the number of active turns of the spring). In this way the user can adjust the 'hardness' of the response for a given tilting.
  • the chair comprises a supporting base for resting it on the ground and a stem mounted on the supporting base, said frame being rigidly mounted at an upper end of said stem.
  • the articulation mechanism 1 comprises a rigid frame 2, which is for example designed to be rigidly mounted at an upper end of a stem 3 mounted on a supporting base (not shown) for resting a chair on the ground.
  • the articulation mechanism 1 comprises a support 4 (preferably but not necessarily rigid) on which, in use, a rigid seat-backrest body 5 is rigidly mounted.
  • the stem 3 and the seat-backrest body 5 are schematically shown in dashed lines only in the fig. 1 as they are known in themselves.
  • the support 4 is mounted on the frame 2 in an articulated manner by means of a first 6 and a second 7 articulation system arranged respectively in the rear and front position of the frame.
  • the articulation mechanism is devoid of a dedicated element for supporting the backrest, distinct from the support 4 for the seat-backrest body.
  • the first and second articulation system 6, 7 allow the articulation mechanism 1 to take on an at-rest configuration (shown in figures 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9A and 10A ), in the absence of tilting forces acting on the support (or for tilting forces lower than the possible preload of the spring), and a maximum tilting configuration (shown in figures 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9B and 10B ) in which a front portion of the support is higher and more rearward compared to the at-rest configuration.
  • an at-rest configuration shown in figures 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9A and 10A
  • a maximum tilting configuration shown in figures 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9B and 10B
  • the second articulation system 7 comprises, for each side of the articulation mechanism, a first slot 8 afforded in either one of the support and the frame and a first pin 9 firmly constrained to the other of the support and the frame, wherein the first pin slides in the first slot during the transition of the tilting mechanism from the at-rest configuration to the maximum tilting configuration and vice versa.
  • a first angle 10 is defined as an acute angle formed between a tangent 11 to the first slot 8 in an instant contact point 12 between the first slot and first pin and a horizontal line 13, the first angle being above the horizontal line.
  • figures 1-8 show a view of one side of the mechanism 1, the side being defined with respect to the axes of the cinematic pins.
  • the sides of the mechanism it is meant the two opposite portions of the mechanism with respect to a median plane of the mechanism perpendicular to the axes of the cinematic pins (i.e. the pins 9, 31, 32, 41).
  • the first and/or the second articulation system are specular with respect to the median plane of mechanism 1. Therefore, for example, the shown elements are reproduced symmetrically also on the side of the mechanism opposite to that shown.
  • the articulation mechanism 1 comprises an elastic element 20 (e.g. a spring, only schematically illustrated in the figures) operatively interposed between the frame and the support to counteract the tilting of the support with respect to the at-rest configuration, all the greater the wider it is the tilting.
  • an elastic element 20 e.g. a spring, only schematically illustrated in the figures
  • the elastic element 20 is directly abutted, at a first end thereof, to a pin 21 firmly constrained to the frame and placed in a front-lower portion of the frame, and at a second end opposite to the first end of the elastic element, to a pin 22 firmly constrained to the support for the seat and interposed, in the reference plane, between the first and the second articulation system.
  • the mechanism of the present invention is able to react with a suitable reaction, even in the presence of a single elastic element placed on one side only.
  • the elastic element therefore makes exception to the above described symmetry of the two sides.
  • the first slot 8 is afforded in the respective side wall of the frame and the first pin 9 is firmly constrained to the support.
  • the mechanism 1 in the shown examples comprises a distinct and separate pin 9 for each side of the mechanism, each pin engaging a respective first slot 8. In this way it is possible to guarantee the necessary space for the elastic element, which is interposed between the two pins.
  • the present invention also provides for the mechanism comprising a single pin 9 passing through the entire frame 2 and engaging both the first slots.
  • the first slot 8 has circular arc development with centre 15 arranged in a front-upper quadrant with respect to the first slot.
  • the first slot 8 is afforded in the respective side wall of the support and the first pin 9 is integral with the respective wall of the frame.
  • the first slot has circular arc development with centre 16 arranged in a rear-lower quadrant with respect to the first slot.
  • the first angle 10, which faces rearward is equal to 27° in the at-rest configuration, and it is equal to 88° in the maximum tilting configuration.
  • the first articulation system 6 comprises, for each side of the articulation mechanism, a connection element 30 directly hinged to the frame in a rotation point 31 and directly hinged to the support 4 in a hinge point 32.
  • the hinge point 32 is located in back of a vertical line 33 passing through the axis of rotation and above a horizontal line 13 passing through the axis of rotation.
  • the first articulation system 6 comprises, for each side of the articulation mechanism, a second slot 40 alternatively afforded in the respective wall of the frame ( figs 3 and 4 ) or in the respective wall of the support ( figs 7 and 8 ) and a second pin 41 respectively firmly constrained to the respective wall of the support ( figs 3 and 4 ), or to the respective wall of the frame ( figs 7 and 8 ).
  • a second angle 42 is defined as the acute angle formed between a tangent to the second slot in a respective instant contact point between the second slot and the second pin and a horizontal line, the second angle being above the horizontal line.
  • the second slot 40 has circular arc development with centre arranged in a front-lower quadrant with respect to the second slot.
  • the second acute angle 42 increases monotonically during the entire movement of the tilting mechanism from the at-rest configuration to the maximum tilting configuration.
  • Figures 9A and 9B show schematically and for illustrative purposes only the slot-pin coupling in the case in which the slot is afforded in the frame, respectively in the configuration of at-rest and maximum tilting.
  • Figures 10A and 10B show schematically and for illustrative purposes only the slot-pin coupling in the case in which the slot is afforded in the support, respectively in the configuration of at-rest and maximum tilting.
  • the number 50 indicates the weight force and the number 51 indicates the action force, these forces acting on the pin 9 of the support, in the case of figures 9A and 9B , or on the slot 8 of the support, in the case of figures 10A and 10B .
  • the ratio between the magnitudes of the weight force and the action force is chosen in a totally arbitrary way, for illustrative purposes only.
  • the numbers 50 'and 51' indicate the respective component of the forces along the tangent 11 to the slot at the contact point 12 and the numbers 50 "and 51" indicate the respective component of the forces along the direction perpendicular to the tangent 11.
  • the vector 52 indicates the constraining reaction between pin and slot, direct perpendicularly to the tangent 11, having magnitude equal to the sum of the components 50 "and 51".
  • the components 50 "and 51” and the reaction 52 push the pin and the slot against each other and are responsible for the sliding friction.
  • the present invention also provides for solutions (not shown) in which the side walls of the support are internally with respect to the frame.
  • the first pin is integral with the respective wall of the frame, it protrudes towards the inside, instead of towards the outside, as in the shown examples.
  • the present invention also provides for solutions (not shown) in which the first and/or second slots are rectilinear, or are obtained by combining at least one rectilinear section and at least one curvilinear section.
  • the present invention also provides for solutions (not shown) in which the first articulation system has the slots afforded in the frame and the second articulation system has the slots afforded in the support, and vice versa. Still the present invention also includes solutions in which a system for adjusting the hardness of the spring is provided, for example a system for moving at least one anchoring end of the spring with respect to the frame or the support.
EP18728757.8A 2017-03-22 2018-02-26 Articulation mechanism for chairs Active EP3599940B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102017000031748A IT201700031748A1 (it) 2017-03-22 2017-03-22 Meccanismo di articolazione per sedie
PCT/IT2018/050030 WO2018173085A1 (en) 2017-03-22 2018-02-26 Articulation machanism for chairs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3599940A1 EP3599940A1 (en) 2020-02-05
EP3599940B1 true EP3599940B1 (en) 2021-03-31

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EP18728757.8A Active EP3599940B1 (en) 2017-03-22 2018-02-26 Articulation mechanism for chairs

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EP (1) EP3599940B1 (it)
IT (1) IT201700031748A1 (it)
WO (1) WO2018173085A1 (it)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA3044190C (en) * 2016-12-21 2023-03-14 Toshiki Yajima Chair

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US144603A (en) * 1873-11-18 Improvement in tilting chairs
US5603551A (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-02-18 Sheehan; Kelly Gravitational resistant positional chair
WO2007010618A1 (ja) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-25 Daiei Dream Co., Ltd. カムを用いた揺動具、及び、その製造方法
WO2016166728A1 (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-10-20 Co.Fe.Mo. Industrie S.R.L. Device for adjusting the oscillation of a chair
EP3420853A1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2019-01-02 Kokuyo Co., Ltd. Chair and seat support mechanism

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US144603A (en) * 1873-11-18 Improvement in tilting chairs
US5603551A (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-02-18 Sheehan; Kelly Gravitational resistant positional chair
WO2007010618A1 (ja) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-25 Daiei Dream Co., Ltd. カムを用いた揺動具、及び、その製造方法
WO2016166728A1 (en) * 2015-04-15 2016-10-20 Co.Fe.Mo. Industrie S.R.L. Device for adjusting the oscillation of a chair
EP3420853A1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2019-01-02 Kokuyo Co., Ltd. Chair and seat support mechanism

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WO2018173085A1 (en) 2018-09-27
IT201700031748A1 (it) 2018-09-22
EP3599940A1 (en) 2020-02-05

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