EP3596438A1 - Automated resonance test on multi-component components by means of pattern recognition - Google Patents

Automated resonance test on multi-component components by means of pattern recognition

Info

Publication number
EP3596438A1
EP3596438A1 EP18720135.5A EP18720135A EP3596438A1 EP 3596438 A1 EP3596438 A1 EP 3596438A1 EP 18720135 A EP18720135 A EP 18720135A EP 3596438 A1 EP3596438 A1 EP 3596438A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
component
acoustic parameters
images
acoustic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18720135.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ingo Balkowski
Ralf Bell
Uwe Pfeifer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3596438A1 publication Critical patent/EP3596438A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
    • G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/12—Analysing solids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
    • G01N29/4427—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with stored values, e.g. threshold values
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
    • G01N29/4436—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a reference signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/46—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N5/00—Computing arrangements using knowledge-based models
    • G06N5/04—Inference or reasoning models
    • G06N5/046—Forward inferencing; Production systems
    • G06N5/047—Pattern matching networks; Rete networks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/83—Testing, e.g. methods, components or tools therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/333—Noise or sound levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
    • G01N2291/2693—Rotor or turbine parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the automated performance of sound samples on multi-component components, such as blade associations, are recognized in the pattern.
  • the problem is the subjective, potentially error-prone assessment on the one hand and the time-consuming disassembly of the component on the other hand.
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 2.
  • distinctive characteristics of the sound image such as the temporal change of the frequencies, the frequency response and the decay behavior can be determined.
  • Other liberis ⁇ tics of the acoustic analysis methods can also be used.
  • FIG. 1 shows a frequency image 1 of one or more components when new or before the first use.
  • FIG. 2 shows a frequency image 2 of a used component according to FIG.
  • Both the intensity I and the position of the frequencies f have at least partially changed or shifted.
  • the pattern recognition recognizes the deviation from the nominal state and assigns the blade rows as a component of a further classification such as "acceptable” or “interchangeable.” These classifications are determined beforehand on the basis of preliminary examinations and existing measurements.

Abstract

A fast and simple classification of the state of the component is ensured by carrying out the resonance test in an automated manner on blade assemblies, in which frequency images of new and used components are compared with each other.

Description

Automatisierte Klangprobe an mehrkomponentigen Bauteilen mittels Mustererkennung  Automated sound test on multi-component parts using pattern recognition
Die Erfindung betrifft die automatisierte Durchführung von Klangproben an mehrkomponentigen Bauteilen, wie Schaufelverbänden, bei dem Muster erkannt werden. The invention relates to the automated performance of sound samples on multi-component components, such as blade associations, are recognized in the pattern.
In Dampfturbinen und auch in Kompressoren sowie in Gasturbi- nen sind einzelne Schaufelreihen mittels Schaufelfuß undIn steam turbines and also in compressors and in gas turbines, individual rows of blades are provided by means of the blade root and
Deckband verbunden. Dadurch entsteht ein fester Verband, der gegen Schwingungsanregung aus dem Strömungsmedium unempfindlich ist. Im Laufe des Betriebs kann sich der Verband lo¬ ckern, wodurch Schaufelschäden, Schäden an angrenzenden Kom- ponenten und Leistungsverluste entstehen können. Derzeit wer¬ den die einzelnen Komponenten demontiert, um den Schaufelverband zu inspizieren. Die Begutachtung findet mittels Hammerschlag auf den Verband und subjektiver Bewertung mittels Klangbild statt. Das Klangbild resultiert aus der akustischen Verarbeitung durch das menschliche Gehör. Shroud connected. This creates a strong bond that is insensitive to vibrational excitation from the flow medium. During the operation, the Association lo ¬ thickeners can, making components blade damage, damage to adjacent com- and can power losses. Currently ¬ to dismantle the individual components to inspect the blade Association. The assessment takes place by means of hammer blow on the bandage and subjective evaluation by means of sound. The sound results from the acoustic processing by the human ear.
Problematisch ist die subjektive, potenziell fehlerbehaftete Begutachtung zum einen und zum anderen die zeitraubende Demontage der Komponente. The problem is the subjective, potentially error-prone assessment on the one hand and the time-consuming disassembly of the component on the other hand.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 und eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 2. The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 2.
In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahmen aufgelistet, die beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden kön¬ nen um weitere Vorteile zu erzielen. In the dependent claims further advantageous measures are listed, which are combined with each other Kings ¬ nen to obtain further advantages.
Die Beschreibung und die Figuren stellen nur Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dar. The description and the figures represent only embodiments of the invention.
Im Wesentlichen geht es darum, das Klangbild eines Neubau¬ teils oder einer technisch freigegebenen Komponente, insbesondere einer Schaufelreihe einer Mustererkennung zuzuführen. Dazu muss zunächst das Klangbild einer Schaufelreihe zugeord¬ net werden. Bei direkter Anregung der Schaufelreihe z.B. mittels Hammerschlag können die gemessenen, relevanten Frequenzbilder direkt der Schaufelreihe zugeordnet werden. Bei An- regung einer beschaufelten Welle oder eines beschaufelten Gehäuses an einem beliebigen Punkt, insbesondere mittels Ham¬ merschlag und Messung des Körperschalls oder der Körper¬ schwingungen an einer anderen beliebigen Stelle ist die Zuordnung der gemessenen Signale zu einer Schaufelreihe prob- lematisch. Dieses Problem kann jedoch durch Einzelmessung bei der Neufertigung gelöst werden. Die Frequenzbilder des Neuzustandes werden in einer Datenbank abgelegt und gelten als sogenannte Blueprints. Diese Blueprints werden einer Muster¬ erkennung zugeführt und als „gesunde" Schaufelreihe zugeord- net. Alternativ können die Frequenzbilder neuer Komponenten auch numerisch mittels Finite-Elemente Verfahren errechnet werden . Essentially it comes to feed the sound of a new ¬ partly or technically shared component, in particular a blade row of pattern recognition. To the sound of a blade row zugeord must first be ¬ net. If the blade row is excited directly, eg by hammering, the measured, relevant frequency images can be directly assigned to the blade row. On arrival of a bladed stirring shaft or a bladed casing at any point, in particular by means of Ham ¬ merschlag and measurement of the impact sound or the body ¬ oscillations at another arbitrary position, the correlation of the measured signals to a blade row is prob- lematic. However, this problem can be solved by single measurement in the new production. The frequency images of the new state are stored in a database and are known as blueprints. These blueprints are fed to a pattern recognition and ¬ as "healthy" blade row assigned net. Alternatively, the frequency of new images components can also be calculated numerically by means of finite element method.
Ebenso können markante Charakteristika des Klangbildes wie die zeitliche Veränderung der Frequenzen, der Frequenzverlauf und das Abklingverhalten bestimmt werden. Andere Charakteris¬ tika der akustischen Auswertemethoden können ebenso verwendet werden . Bei der Messung der Schwingungen oder des Körperschalls an einer gebrauchten Komponente werden die Signale entsprechend ausgewertet und der Mustererkennung zugeführt. Likewise, distinctive characteristics of the sound image, such as the temporal change of the frequencies, the frequency response and the decay behavior can be determined. Other Charakteris ¬ tics of the acoustic analysis methods can also be used. When measuring the vibrations or structure-borne noise on a used component, the signals are evaluated accordingly and fed to the pattern recognition.
In Figur 1 ist ein Frequenzbild 1 einer oder mehrerer Bauteile im Neuzustand oder vor dem ersten Einsatz gezeigt. FIG. 1 shows a frequency image 1 of one or more components when new or before the first use.
Aufgetragen ist die Intensität I und gegenüber der Frequenz f. Plotted is the intensity I and with respect to the frequency f.
Erkennbar sind verschiedene, nicht unbedingt diskrete Fre- quenzen mit verschiedener Intensität, die typisch sind für ein Neubauteil. Dies ist nur ein Beispiel für ein Akustik¬ parameter . In Figur 2 ist ein Frequenzbild 2 eines gebrauchten Bauteils gemäß Figur 1 zu sehen. Different, not necessarily discrete, frequencies of varying intensity can be recognized, which are typical for a new component. This is just one example of an acoustic ¬ parameters. FIG. 2 shows a frequency image 2 of a used component according to FIG.
Sowohl die Intensität I als auch die Lage der Frequenzen f haben sich zumindest teilweise verändert bzw. verschoben.  Both the intensity I and the position of the frequencies f have at least partially changed or shifted.
Ebenso sieht es aus für das Abklingverhalten der Intensität I über die Zeit t, wobei in Figur 3 ein Abklingverhalten 4 für neue Bauteile dargestellt ist und die Kurve 7, hier gestri¬ chelt, das Abklingverhalten eines gebrauchten Bauteils darstellt. Da Abklingverhalten 4, 7 ist nur ein Beispiel für ein Akustikparameter . Dies macht deutlich, dass Unterschiede gegeben sind, die aus¬ gewertet werden können. Likewise, it looks for the decay of the intensity I over time t, in Figure 3 a decay 4 for new components and is shown here gestri ¬ smiles, representing the curve 7, the decay behavior of a used component. Since decay 4, 7 is just one example of an acoustic parameter. This makes it clear that there are differences that can be evaluated from ¬ .
Die Mustererkennung erkennt dabei die Abweichung zum Sollzustand und ordnet die Schaufelreihen als Bauteil einer weite- ren Klassifizierung wie "akzeptabel" oder „auszutauschen" zu. Diese Klassifizierungen werden zuvor anhand Voruntersuchungen und vorhandener Messungen festgelegt. The pattern recognition recognizes the deviation from the nominal state and assigns the blade rows as a component of a further classification such as "acceptable" or "interchangeable." These classifications are determined beforehand on the basis of preliminary examinations and existing measurements.
Zur Durchführung der Mustererkennung werden u.a. Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz angewandt. To perform pattern recognition, i.a. Applied methods of artificial intelligence.
Die Vorteile sind: The advantages are:
a) eindeutige Zuordnung von defekten Schaufelreihen mittels objektiver Methode. a) clear assignment of defective blade rows using an objective method.
b) Vermeidung der Demontage der Komponente, was eine Kosten- und Zeitersparnis bedeutet und zur Verfügbarkeitsverbesserung führt . b) avoid disassembly of the component, which saves costs and time and leads to an improvement in availability.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur automatisierten Durchführung einer Klang- probe, 1. Method for the automated performance of a sound sample,
bei dem vorab entweder durch direkte mechanische Anregung eines neuen mehrkomponentigen Bauteils,  in advance either by direct mechanical excitation of a new multi-component component,
insbesondere einer Schaufelreihe,  in particular a row of blades,
relevante Akustikparameter, insbesondere Frequenzbilder (1) und/oder Frequenzverläufe (1) und/oder Abklingverhalten (4) oder andere akustische Charakteristika gemessen werden, oder die relevanten Akustikparameter wie Frequenzbilder, Frequenzverläufe und/oder Akustikverhalten numerisch berechnet werden,  relevant acoustic parameters, in particular frequency images (1) and / or frequency profiles (1) and / or decay behavior (4) or other acoustic characteristics are measured, or the relevant acoustic parameters such as frequency images, frequency characteristics and / or acoustic behavior are calculated numerically,
wobei diese in einer Datenbank hinterlegt wurden und  these have been stored in a database and
Durchführung der direkten mechanischen Anregung eines gebrauchten Bauteils,  Carrying out the direct mechanical excitation of a used component,
Erfassung der relevanten Akustikparameter, insbesondere Frequenzbilder (2) und/oder Frequenzverläufe (2) und/oder Ab- klingverhalten (7),  Acquisition of the relevant acoustic parameters, in particular frequency images (2) and / or frequency profiles (2) and / or decay behavior (7),
wobei diese mit dem Frequenzbild (1) und/oder Frequenzver¬ läufen und/oder Abklingverhalten (4) des Neubauteils, welches in der Datenbank hinterlegt ist, wherein these with the frequency image (1) and / or Frequenzver ¬ runs and / or decay behavior (4) of the new component, which is stored in the database,
verglichen wird und  is compared and
Abweichungen detektiert und bewertet werden. Deviations are detected and evaluated.
2. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, 2. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1,
die Mittel zur Aufnahme von Akustikparametern wie Frequenzbildern (1, 2) und/oder Frequenzverläufen (1, 2) und/oder Abklingverhalten (4, 7) aufweist,  the means for recording acoustic parameters such as frequency images (1, 2) and / or frequency characteristics (1, 2) and / or decay behavior (4, 7),
die einem Bauteil zuordnungsbar sind,  which are assignable to a component,
oder die relevanten Akustikparameter wie Frequenzbilder, Frequenzverläufe und/oder Akustikverhalten numerisch berechnet werden,  or the relevant acoustic parameters such as frequency images, frequency characteristics and / or acoustic behavior are calculated numerically,
eine Datenbank, in der diese Daten (1, 4) abspeicherbar sind,  a database in which these data (1, 4) can be stored,
und bei dem dieselbe Anregung,  and at the same suggestion,
insbesondere mechanische Anregung an demselben Bauteil nach Gebrauch durchführbar ist  in particular mechanical excitation on the same component after use is feasible
und ebenfalls Akustikparameter, insbesondere Frequenzbilder (2) und/oder Frequenzverläufen und/oder Abklingverhalten (7) aufnehmbar sind,  and also acoustic parameters, in particular frequency images (2) and / or frequency characteristics and / or decay behavior (7) can be recorded,
wobei diese ebenfalls gespeichert werden und  these are also stored and
mit den vorhandenen Akustikparametern, insbesondere Fre- quenzbildern (1) und/oder Frequenzverläufe (4) des neuen Bauteils verglichen werden können.  with the existing acoustic parameters, in particular frequency images (1) and / or frequency characteristics (4) of the new component can be compared.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 3. The method according to claim 1,
bei dem Abweichungen klassifiziert werden zwischen akzeptabel und auszutauschen.  in which deviations are classified between acceptable and exchangeable.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
bei dem zur Durchführung der Mustererkennung Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz angewandt werden.  in which artificial intelligence methods are used to perform pattern recognition.
EP18720135.5A 2017-05-12 2018-04-12 Automated resonance test on multi-component components by means of pattern recognition Withdrawn EP3596438A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017208043.4A DE102017208043A1 (en) 2017-05-12 2017-05-12 Automated sound test on multi-component parts using pattern recognition
PCT/EP2018/059419 WO2018206219A1 (en) 2017-05-12 2018-04-12 Automated resonance test on multi-component components by means of pattern recognition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3596438A1 true EP3596438A1 (en) 2020-01-22

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EP18720135.5A Withdrawn EP3596438A1 (en) 2017-05-12 2018-04-12 Automated resonance test on multi-component components by means of pattern recognition

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US (1) US20210140925A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3596438A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102017208043A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2018206219A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018213475A1 (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Automated sound test on multi-component components using pattern recognition

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5934146A (en) * 1982-08-20 1984-02-24 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Flaw detector for rotor blade
DE102006048791A1 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Rieth-Hoerst, Stefan, Dr. Test object's e.g. turbine blade, quality testing method for e.g. aircraft engine, involves comparing recorded vibrations of object with pre-recorded vibrations of object or reference object, and evaluating comparison and data of vibrations
CN100557439C (en) * 2007-01-26 2009-11-04 东南大学 Rotating machinery vane frequency intelligent test method based on sound card
DE102011114058B4 (en) * 2011-09-22 2022-02-17 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for acoustic assessment of a component

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US20210140925A1 (en) 2021-05-13
DE102017208043A1 (en) 2018-11-15

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