EP3593547A1 - Software-definierter funk für hilfsempfänger - Google Patents

Software-definierter funk für hilfsempfänger

Info

Publication number
EP3593547A1
EP3593547A1 EP18711210.7A EP18711210A EP3593547A1 EP 3593547 A1 EP3593547 A1 EP 3593547A1 EP 18711210 A EP18711210 A EP 18711210A EP 3593547 A1 EP3593547 A1 EP 3593547A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base station
receiver
data stream
bandwidth
auxiliary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18711210.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Amer Hassan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC
Original Assignee
Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC filed Critical Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC
Publication of EP3593547A1 publication Critical patent/EP3593547A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/0003—Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0896—Bandwidth or capacity management, i.e. automatically increasing or decreasing capacities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic

Definitions

  • Wireless communications for media applications requires high quality of service (QoS) both on the uplink (from a source wireless device to a network
  • the downlink is a bottleneck for performance.
  • the uplink from the source wireless device may be the limiting factor on performance.
  • uplink performance may suffer due to the limited transmission power that is available on small battery powered portable devices, while the downlink may be provided abundant eNodeB/AP transmission power.
  • the fact that the eNodeB/AP is a device integrated into the network infrastructure may allow more efficient link management for the downlinks. Most networks, therefore, exhibit unbalanced performance between uplink and downlink.
  • the embodiments provide implementations of a base station that may function as an auxiliary base station.
  • the auxiliary base station includes a software defined radio (SDR) receiver that may be configured to operate as an auxiliary receiver on the uplink for a data stream sent from a source device to a primary base station.
  • SDR software defined radio
  • the auxiliary base station may be used to provide extra data redundancy/QoS for uplink transmissions of source device that is engaged in uplink and/or downlink communications with a primary base station using a selected protocol and sending a data stream to a destination device.
  • the auxiliary base station may determine that it has available bandwidth and is able to serve as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the auxiliary base station may also be asked by a network controller or the primary base station to provide extra bandwidth when certain network conditions occur that negatively affect uplink quality for the source device.
  • the auxiliary base station may scan uplink transmissions and determine the selected protocol of the source device. Alternately, the auxiliary base station may determine the selected protocol that the source device is using by receiving an indication of the protocol from the primary base station, a network controller, or from the source device. The auxiliary base station may then configure itself by retrieving code for the appropriate protocol from a database, either stored in the auxiliary base station or located remotely to the auxiliary base station. The code may also be retrieved from a cloud service managed by a third party.
  • the auxiliary base station may then begin to intercept/receive the full data stream, or only a partial data stream, on the uplink from the source device.
  • the data stream received on the uplink at the auxiliary base station may be forwarded onward from the auxiliary base station to the destination device as a data stream that is redundant to the data stream received at the primary base station on the uplink.
  • a device along the transmission path to the destination device then may use the redundant data stream forwarded from the auxiliary base station to enhance overall performance and quality of the data at the destination device.
  • data combining techniques may be used in the destination device to combine the data stream from the primary base station and the redundant data stream from the auxiliary base station. In other implementations, the data combining may be performed elsewhere along the transmission path such as at a destination base station that sends the combined data streams to the destination device over a downlink channel.
  • a base station may include a SDR receiver configured to allow the base station to operate as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the base station may include a wideband receiver bank and a digital physical/media access control (PHY/MAC) layer receiver.
  • PHY/MAC digital physical/media access control
  • the SDR receiver may use a protocol analyzer to determine the protocol used by the source device on the uplink to the primary base station, and then configure the digital PHY/MAC layer receiver for that protocol when operating as an auxiliary receiver. Also, the digital
  • the PHY/MAC layer receiver may be configured to operate according to another protocol when operating as a primary base station.
  • the base station may include a receiver bank for a wireless system, for example, a fifth Generation (5G) receiver bank, and include an additional receiver having SDR configurable capability.
  • the additional receiver may be, for example, a digital Wi-Fi receiver configurable to operate according to various Wi-Fi protocols.
  • the base station may use a protocol analyzer to determine the particular Wi-Fi protocol used by the source device on the uplink to the primary base station. The base station may then configure the additional receiver as the auxiliary receiver for that Wi-Fi protocol.
  • the base station may transmit a beacon alerting source devices of the capability of the base station to operate as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the base station may transmit information on the beacon about one or more protocols according to which the base station may provide auxiliary reception for the source devices on the uplink.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram illustrating a system including an example base station operable as an auxiliary receiver;
  • FIGURE 2A is a simplified diagram illustrating an example SDR receiver in a base station operable as an auxiliary receiver
  • FIGURE 2B is a simplified diagram illustrating another example SDR receiver in a base station operable as an auxiliary receiver
  • FIGURE 3 is a flow diagram of example operations performed by a base station operating as an auxiliary receiver
  • FIGURE 4A is a flow diagram of example operations performed by a base station operating as an auxiliary receiver in a scan-protocol mode
  • FIGURE 4B is a flow diagram of example operations performed by a base station operating as an auxiliary receiver in another scan-protocol mode
  • FIGURE 5A is a flow diagram of example operations performed by a base station operating as an auxiliary receiver in a receive-protocol mode
  • FIGURE 5B is a flow diagram of example operations performed by a base station operating as an auxiliary receiver in another receive-protocol mode.
  • FIGURE 6 is a simplified block diagram showing an example base station operable as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the embodiments of the disclosure provide systems, apparatus, and methods that allow a first base station to be configured to operate as an auxiliary receiver for a data stream sent on an uplink from a source device to a second base station.
  • the second base station may be a base station that is engaged in conventional 2-way communications with the source device as the primary base station while operating in a primary mode, for example, on uplink and downlink channels using a selected (usually identical) protocol.
  • the first base station may be used to provide extra data
  • the first base station may determine that it has available bandwidth and is able to serve as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the first base station may also be asked by a network controller or the second base station to provide extra bandwidth when certain network conditions occur that negatively affect uplink quality for the source device.
  • the first base station may include a software defined radio (SDR) receiver that may be configured to receive according to the selected protocol when the first base station is operating as an auxiliary receiver.
  • SDR software defined radio
  • base station includes a base station, a terminal, an access point (AP), or any other apparatus that communicates with a wireless device to provide access to any type of network, for example a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, the internet, or a local access network (LAN).
  • AP access point
  • LAN local access network
  • the first base station may operate as an auxiliary receiver for a source device by utilizing a protocol selected from one or more protocols in scenarios when uplink bandwidth/resources provided to the source device by a second or primary base station are not adequate.
  • the first base station may be flexibly configured to provide uplink support for a variety of protocols when the uplinks in a system become overloaded.
  • Using the first base station as an auxiliary receiver allows the resources of the first base station to be utilized in situations where the first base station would otherwise be idle and not utilized. If the resources of the first base station are needed for operation in primary mode, the first base station may switch back to primary mode from auxiliary mode. For example, depending on the hardware
  • the first base station may be used to flexibly provide uplink support in systems operating according to one or more protocols such as the various IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi protocols, 3rd Generation Cellular (3G), 4 th Generation Cellular (4G), wide band code division multiple access (WCDMA), and Long Term Evolution (LTE) Cellular when a system needs the support and the first base station has available resources.
  • the first base station may operate in a primary mode to provide conventional uplink and downlink communications to devices using, for example, any of the IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi, 3rd Generation Cellular (3G), 4 th Generation Cellular (4G), wide band code division multiple access (WCDMA), or Long Term Evolution (LTE) Cellular protocols.
  • the first base station may configure itself as an auxiliary receiver as needed to provide uplink support using any of above protocols that it does not use for conventional uplink and downlink communications.
  • the first base station may switch between primary mode and auxiliary mode as resource availability and resource requirements allow.
  • Programs and code may be retrieved by the first base station for the SDR receiver as needed to configure the SDR receiver for the appropriate protocol.
  • the embodiments allow flexible operation of a base station as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the auxiliary receiver may be configured in one or more base stations implemented as micro-base stations that cover an area such as a mall, a hotel, a transportation hub, or other similar public/private areas to provide service according to a cellular protocol.
  • micro-base station means a low power base station that covers a relatively small area compared to conventional base stations. For example, while a conventional cellular base station may cover an area of up to 22 kilometers, a micro-base station may use power control to limit the radius of its coverage area. In one application, a micro-base station may provide coverage in an area of 2 kilometers or less (microcell). A micro-base station also includes a base station that provides coverage of an area on the order of 200 meters or less (picocell), or of an area of 10 meters or less (femtocell).
  • Micro-base stations may be used to add network capacity in areas with very dense mobile device usage, such as train stations and are often deployed temporarily during sporting events and other occasions in which extra capacity is known to be needed at a specific location in advance.
  • Use of micro-base stations with power control implemented in wireless networks makes it easier to prevent interference from nearby cells using the same frequencies. By subdividing cells, and creating more cells to help serve high density areas, a wireless network operator can optimize the use of spectrum and increase capacity.
  • the one or more unused micro-base stations may be used as auxiliary receivers.
  • each of the one or more unused micro-base stations may intercept a data stream sent on an uplink from a source device to an access point (AP) or base station according to a local network protocol different from the cellular protocol used by the unused micro-base station, and provide a redundant data stream at a destination device.
  • the cellular protocol may be a fifth generation (5G) protocol and the local network protocol may be a Wi-Fi protocol.
  • a micro-base station may first determine the protocol used by the source device, and then self-configure to receive according to that protocol.
  • Micro-base stations according to this implementation may be used to add network capacity in areas with very dense mobile device usage, such as train stations and may also be deployed temporarily during sporting events and other occasions in which extra capacity is known to be needed at a specific location in advance. While these micro-base stations are primarily added to provide cellular coverage, the ability to configure the micro-base stations to function as auxiliary receivers may be utilized, for example, to enhance QoS for data streams sent on the uplinks of a local Wi-Fi system that includes one or more APs.
  • the micro-base stations may determine the protocol used by source devices by scanning and protocol analysis. This allows flexible installation and removal of the micro-base stations in the coverage areas of networks in which the micro-base stations may operate as auxiliary receivers.
  • the APs may be aware of the auxiliary receiver operation of the micro-base stations. In this case applications may be installed on the APs and on the micro-base stations that allow information to be exchanged between the APs and micro-base stations to facilitate the operation of the micro-base stations as auxiliary receivers. For example, the APs may send requests to the micro-base station requesting bandwidth for a particular protocol.
  • a network controller may be implemented to coordinate the operation of the micro-base stations as auxiliary receivers
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram illustrating a system including an example implementation of a base station operable as an auxiliary receiver.
  • System 100 includes base station 102 and base station 106.
  • Base station 102 may be implemented as a Wi-Fi access point (AP) and base station 106 may be implemented as a 5G micro-base station.
  • System 100 also includes base station 130, which may be implemented as a 5G micro-base station.
  • Base stations 102, 106 and 130 may configured to communicate with one another through a network implemented, for example, by communication paths through internet 116.
  • device 104 and device 128, which are shown as an example laptop computer and an example tablet computing device, respectively, communicate with each other through internet 116 using base stations 102 and 130.
  • device 104 and device 128 may be communicating data streams for a user application such as a video/voice call application or another multimedia application that uses high data rate transmissions.
  • Device 104 is shown sending an uplink data stream 105 to base station.
  • Base station 102 then routes data stream 105 through the internet 116 to base station 130 which sends data stream 105 to device 128 on the downlink (DL) between base station 130 and device 128.
  • Device 104 is also shown receiving data stream 103 from base station 102 on the downlink (DL) channel between base station 102 and device 104.
  • Data stream 103 has originated at device 128 which sends data stream 103 to base station 130 on the uplink (UL) between device 128 and base station 130.
  • Base station 130 then routes data stream 103 through the internet 116 to base station 102 for sending to device 104.
  • base station 106 may operate as an auxiliary receiver in auxiliary mode to provide extra data redundancy/QoS for base station 102 for data stream 105 when base station 106 has available bandwidth.
  • base station 106 may intercept data stream 105 (as sent to base station 102 on the UL between device 104 and base station 102) as data stream 105ax using a Wi-Fi SDR and forward the intercepted data stream onward to internet 116 as redundant data stream 105ax for routing to base station 130 which then sends data stream 105ax to device 128 on the downlink channel (DL) between base station 130 and device 128 as redundant data stream 105ax.
  • DL downlink channel
  • Device 128 may then combine the data streams 105 and 105ax utilizing the redundant data stream 105ax for more accurate data decoding and better quality of service for the application with which the two devices are communicating. For example, in one implementation, device 128 may determine that data stream 105 and redundant data stream 105ax are related by analyzing the source address of each data stream. The two data streams 105 and 105ax may then be combined at the physical layer, provided to the network layer, and then provided to the destination application in device 128. The destination application may combine the two data streams 105 and 105ax using redundancy/error correction/combining techniques and process the bits for appropriate use at the application. The combining may be done using, for example, selective combining, maximal ration combining, or equal gain combining.
  • base station 106 may be configured with applications that allow it to operate as an auxiliary receiver when communicating with other devices in the system.
  • base station 106 may be configured to communicate wirelessly, or through the internet, with base station 102 so that base station 102 may send requests for auxiliary bandwidth to base station 106, and base station 106 may respond appropriately.
  • Base station 106 may also be configured to communicate with other devices in the network so that base station 106 may receive requests for bandwidth from these other devices.
  • a network controller may be configured in the system infrastructure or in the internet 116 to communicate with base station 106 so that requests for bandwidth may be received from the network controller.
  • the network controller may be a device that manages bandwidth use in the system.
  • base station 106 and device 104 may be configured to communicate so that base station 106 may receive requests for bandwidth from device 104.
  • each of the communicating devices may be equipped with an application that allows each device to be aware of each other's location and/or address in the system (for example an IP address) and send/receive appropriate communication signals.
  • an initial registration of base station 106 for setup of the communications with other devices in the system 100 may be performed upon installation/activation of base station 106.
  • base station 106 may also function to operate in primary mode as a conventional 5G micro base station to provide
  • base station 106 may configure itself to intercept the Wi-Fi data stream 105 and provide extra redundancy for base station 102 for data stream 105 (thereby improving the bandwidth of base station 102 and/or reducing the error rate of base station 102).
  • base station 106 may function as a dedicated auxiliary receiver for uplink transmissions of devices such as device 104. In this implementation, base station 106 may not have a primary mode of operation.
  • base station 106 may configure its SDR to intercept uplink data streams transmitted from various devices using various protocols, depending on the devices, to provide data redundancy to the devices for their uplink transmissions.
  • Devices 104 and 128 may be any type of mobile device such as a smart phone or laptop computer. Each of the devices 104 and 128 may also be alternatively implemented as any other type of device such as, for example, desktop PCs, gaming devices, media devices, smart televisions, home theater systems, smart automobile systems, smart house systems, multimedia cable/television boxes, smart phone accessory devices, tablet devices, tablet accessory devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable media players, smart watches, smart sensors, or industrial control systems.
  • base station 102 and/or base station 106 may be configured according to any other wireless interface standard such as 3 GPP Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), 3 GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), or another wireless interface standard. Base station 106 may then be configured to provide auxiliary radio service based on an appropriate protocol of base station 102.
  • WCDMA Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 106 to provide data redundancy to device 104 may be initiated by a request for bandwidth received at base station 106 from base station 102, a request received from device 104, or a request received from a network controller implemented in internet 116.
  • base station 106 may use protocol information received with the request for bandwidth to configure its SDR receiver to intercept data stream 105 using the appropriate protocol.
  • the operation of base station 106 to provide data redundancy to device 104 may be self-initiated at base station 106 when base station 106 has available bandwidth.
  • base station 106 may scan uplink transmissions from device 104 to determine the protocol used by base station 102 and configure its SDR receiver to intercept data stream 105 according to the determined protocol.
  • the operation of base station 106 may be transparent to device 104 and base station 102.
  • FIGURES 2A and 2B are simplified functional diagrams showing example implementations of base station 106 of FIGURE 1. Each of FIGURES 2 A and 2B show a different example implementation according to which base station 106 may be
  • FIGURE 2 A shows an example implementation of base station 106 in which base station 106 scans uplink transmissions from device 104 to determine the protocol used by device 104.
  • FIGURE 2A illustrates functions by which base station 106 determines the protocol used by device 104 on the uplink and configures itself to intercept the uplink data stream 105ax sent by device 104.
  • base station 106 may include wideband RF receiver 212, wideband mixed digital receiver 216, protocol analyzer 218, digital physical/media access control (PHY/MAC) receiver 220, controller 223, memory/SDR database 221, and 5G transmitter (XMIT) 214.
  • PHY/MAC digital physical/media access control
  • XMIT 5G transmitter
  • base station 106 may operate in both of a primary mode and an auxiliary mode.
  • base station 106 may provide uplink and downlink communications to devices in a conventional manner.
  • 5G transmitter (XMIT) 214 may be utilized for the downlink in primary mode.
  • wideband RF receiver 212, wideband mixed digital receiver 216, and digital physical/media access control (PHY/MAC) receiver 220 may be utilized by configuring digital physical/media access control (PHY/MAC) receiver 220 to operate according to the appropriate 5G protocol.
  • base station 106 may switch to operate in auxiliary mode through the process of FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 3 shows basic operations that may be performed in the implementations of base station 106 shown in FIGURE 2 A.
  • controller 223 controls base station 106 to determine a protocol used on the uplink by devices such as source device 104. To do this, controller 223 causes wideband RF receiver 212 to scan a range of frequencies of protocols that device 104 could be using to send uplink data.
  • wideband RF receiver 212 scans and receives data stream 105. The scanned transmissions are then converted into digital signals at wideband mixed digital receiver 216 and provided to protocol analyzer 218.
  • Protocol analyzer 218 identifies the protocol used to transmit data stream 105 using protocol analysis and provides a protocol indication to controller 223. For example, protocol analyzer 218 may identify the protocol as a particular Wi-Fi protocol, for example Wi-Fi 802.1 lag, and provide the protocol indication to controller 223.
  • controller 223 then retrieves SDR code for the protocol from memory/SDR database 221 and configures the software definable radio (SDR) portion of the digital PHY/MAC receiver 220 to receive and process the data stream 105ax according to the identified protocol.
  • base station 106 intercepts the data stream 105ax sent from device 104 to base station 102 using PHY/MAC receiver 220.
  • base station 106 then may then send the data stream from PHY/MAC receiver 220 to the internet 116 as redundant data stream 105ax. Redundant data stream 105ax may then be sent to base station 130, and sent from base station 130 to destination device 128.
  • controller 223 may receive an indication of the protocol used by a source device from another device such as base station 102 or a network controller.
  • controller 223 may then configure digital PHY/MAC receiver 220 appropriately to function as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the indication of the protocol may be included in a request for bandwidth sent to the base station 106 from base station 102 or from the network controller.
  • the request for bandwidth may also identify a particular device, such as base station 102, or channels that need extra bandwidth.
  • the indication of the protocol may be sent to base station 106 in response to base station 106 sending an indication that base station 106 has available bandwidth to another device such as base station 102 or a network controller.
  • FIGURE 2B is a simplified diagram illustrating another example implementation of base station 106 of FIGURE 1.
  • base station 106 may function as an auxiliary Wi-Fi receiver or auxiliary 5G receiver in addition to its normal 5G base station functions.
  • FIGURE 2B illustrates functions by which base station 106 determines the protocol used by device 104 on the uplink and configures itself to intercept the uplink data stream 105ax sent by device 104.
  • Base station 106 may include 5G RF receiver bank 234, wideband mixed digital receiver 236, protocol analyzer 239, 5G receiver 238, digital Wi-Fi receiver 240, controller 241, memory/SDR database 243, and 5G transmitter (XMIT) 245.
  • the functions of the components of base station 106 in the implementation of FIGURE 2B may be described in relation the process of FIGURE 3.
  • base station 106 may operate in both of a primary mode and an auxiliary mode.
  • base station 106 may provide uplink and downlink communications to devices in a conventional manner.
  • 5G transmitter (XMIT) 245 may be utilized for the downlink in primary mode.
  • 5G RF receiver bank 234, wideband mixed digital receiver 236, and 5G receiver 238 may be utilized to operate according to the appropriate 5G protocol.
  • base station 106 may switch to operate in auxiliary mode through the process of FIGURE 3.
  • controller 241 may determine a protocol used by devices such as source device 104. Controller 241 may do using 5G RF receiver bank 234 to scan a range of frequencies of Wi-Fi and 5G protocols with which the devices such as device 104 could be sending uplink data stream 105. In the implementation of FIGURE 2B, 5G RF receiver bank 234 scans and receives data stream 105. The scanned
  • Protocol analyzer 239 identifies the protocol using protocol analysis and provides a protocol indication to controller 241. For example, protocol analyzer may provide controller 241 with an indication of a particular Wi-Fi protocol that is used by device 104.
  • controller 241 then retrieves the SDR code for the indicated protocol from memory/ SDR database 243 and configures the software definable radio (SDR) portion of the digital Wi-Fi receiver 240 to receive and process the data stream 105ax at Wi-Fi receiver 240 according to the identified protocol.
  • base station 106 intercepts the data stream 105 sent from device 104 to base station 102 as data stream 105ax using digital Wi-Fi receiver 240.
  • base station 106 may then send the data stream 105ax to the internet 116 for destination device 128 as redundant data stream 105ax. In other situations, if a device such as device 104 sends uplink transmissions using a 5G protocol, base station 106 may function as an auxiliary receiver by using 5G receiver 238 to receive the 5G transmissions.
  • base station 106 of FIGURE 2B may be implemented without protocol analyzer 239.
  • controller 241 may receive an indication of the protocol used from another device such as base station 102 or a network controller.
  • controller 241 may then configure digital Wi- Fi receiver 240 appropriately or use the 5G receiver 238 to function as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the indication of the protocol may be included in a request for bandwidth sent to the base station 106 from base station 102 or from the network controller.
  • the request for bandwidth may also identify a particular device, such as base station 102, or channels that need extra bandwidth.
  • the indication of the protocol may be sent to base station 106 in response to base station 106 sending an indication to another device (such as base station 102 or a network controller) that base station 106 has available bandwidth.
  • base station 106 may transmit a beacon alerting source devices of the capability of the base station to operate as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the base station 106 may transmit information on a Wi-Fi beacon about one or more protocols according to which the base station 106 may provide auxiliary reception on an uplink for devices such as source device 104.
  • source device 104 may utilize this information when the quality of the uplink on which the source device is transmitting to base station 102 falls below a certain level. When the uplink quality falls below the certain level, source device 104 may determine that base station 106 supports the protocol that source device 104 is using from the beacon and send a request for bandwidth to base station 106 for uplink bandwidth.
  • the request for bandwidth may be sent from source device 104 to base station 106 on a paging channel using a protocol on which both source device 104 and base station 106 are able transmit and receive.
  • the request for bandwidth may include an indication of the protocol used by device 104 on the uplink.
  • Base station 106 may then provide the requested bandwidth if it is able.
  • source device 104 may also utilize the information that additional bandwidth is available to it by requesting the additional bandwidth, even though the uplink quality is acceptable. This may be done in order to increase uplink throughput and/or QoS for an application used on device 104. For example, source device may request the additional bandwidth automatically.
  • an indication may be displayed to a user of source device 104 that additional bandwidth is available and the user may select to set uplink video or audio quality to a higher level based on having the additional bandwidth available.
  • FIGURES 2A and 2B have been described above using Wi-Fi and
  • base station 106 may operate in primary mode to provide conventional uplink and downlink communications to devices in system 100 using any of the IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi, 3rd Generation Cellular (3G), 4 th Generation Cellular (4G), wide band code division multiple access (WCDMA), or Long Term Evolution (LTE) Cellular protocols. Then when operating in auxiliary mode, base station 106 may configure itself as needed to provide uplink support using any of above protocols that it does not use for conventional uplink and downlink communications.
  • FIGURE 4A is a flow diagram of example operations performed by a base station operating as an auxiliary receiver in a scan-protocol mode.
  • FIGURE 4 A may be described using an example of base station 106 of FIGURE 2B operating in the system of FIGURE 1.
  • controller 241 may determine that base station 106 has available bandwidth and/or resources that can be used to provide auxiliary receiver services to devices, such as device 104, within its coverage area. Controller 241 may make this determination by monitoring communications with wireless devices that are in the coverage area of base station 106. For example, controller 241 may monitor the 5G uplink traffic load handled by one or more of 5G RF receiver bank 234, wideband mixed digital receiver 236, and/or 5G receiver 238.
  • the uplink traffic load may include 5G traffic.
  • Controller 241 may monitor the traffic load over a time period, and if the traffic load remains below, or at, a selected level of traffic for the time period, controller 241 may determine that base station 106 has available bandwidth and/or resources to use as an auxiliary receiver.
  • the selected level of traffic may be a value based on monitoring of one or more parameters indicative of traffic load on the uplink, such as total data throughput requirements, total data rate requirements, QoS, channel usage, etc.
  • the selected level of traffic may be at any value ranging from zero to a higher level of traffic and be set by the base station operator depending on the capabilities of base station 106.
  • controller 241 may also make the determination by monitoring the number of active connections with wireless devices in base station 106's coverage area, and if the number of active connections is zero or below a certain number for a time period, controller 241 may determine that base station 106 has available bandwidth.
  • Other parameters related to traffic load may also be considered in the determination. For example, the way in which uplink traffic patterns vary by according to time of day may be considered. In an example of this, during low traffic periods, base station 106 may determine it has available bandwidth based on less stringent requirements for traffic load, or with no requirements related to traffic load. Likewise, during high traffic periods, base station 106 may be less likely to determine that it has available bandwidth (e.g., based on more stringent requirements for traffic load).
  • base station 106 scans uplink transmissions of devices in its coverage area. Controller 241 may control wideband 5G RF receiver bank 234 and wideband mixed digital receiver 236 to receive and scan transmissions in the frequency bands that base station 106 is configured to provide auxiliary services. The scanned transmissions are then provided by wideband mixed digital receiver 236 to protocol analyzer 239.
  • base station 106 may be configured to provide auxiliary receiver services in particular Wi-Fi frequency bands using digital Wi-Fi receiver 240.
  • controller 241 may control wideband 5G RF receiver bank 234 and wideband mixed digital receiver 236 to provide scanned transmissions in those particular Wi-Fi frequencies to protocol analyzer 239.
  • the Wi-Fi frequency bands scanned may be in the 2.5GHz, 5.0GHz, or television white space (TVWS) bands.
  • the scanning may receive transmissions of data stream 105 sent by device 104 on the uplink to base station 102 in the 5.0 GHz Wi-Fi band.
  • base station 106 determines the protocol used by a data stream source device.
  • Protocol analyzer 239 may determine protocols used by any devices sending transmissions that were scanned. In the example of FIGURE 1, protocol analyzer 239 may detect that device 104 is transmitting on the uplink to base station 102 in the
  • Protocol analyzer may provide an indication of the protocol used by device 104 to controller 241.
  • base station 106 retrieves code for the protocol and configures itself for that protocol.
  • Controller 241 may retrieve an SDR code from memory/SDR database 243 to use in configuring digital Wi-Fi receiver 240 for the protocol used by device 104. Controller 241 then uses the retrieved SDR code to configure digital Wi-Fi receiver 240 to operate according to the correct protocol in order to receive transmissions from device 104.
  • controller 241 may retrieve the SDR code from a location remote to base station 106. For example, controller 241 could retrieve the SDR code from an internet database or a network controller.
  • base station 106 intercepts the data stream from the source device 104.
  • Controller 241 may control 5G RF receiver bank 234, wideband mixed digital receiver 236, and digital Wi-Fi receiver 240 to intercept redundant data stream 105ax, as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • controller 241 determines the destination address of the data stream 105ax and sends the data stream 105ax to the internet 116 for routing to destination device 128. Destination device 128 may then receive data stream 105ax in parallel with data stream 105 as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • base station 106 may function transparently as the auxiliary receiver, without device 104 and/or base station 102 having any knowledge of base station 106. This allows base station 106 to be set up and configured to provide auxiliary reception without the need to reconfigure device 104 and/or base station 102.
  • FIGURE 4B is a flow diagram of example operations performed by a base station operating as an auxiliary receiver in another scan-protocol mode.
  • the process of FIGURE 4B is similar to the process of FIGURE 4A, except that instead of base station 106 self-determining that it has available bandwidth, and self-initiating the process, in FIGURE 4B base station 106 receives a request for bandwidth from an entity external to base station 106 that initiates the process.
  • FIGURE 4B may be described using the example of base station 106 of FIGURE 2B operating in the system of FIGURE 1.
  • base station 106 receives a request for bandwidth.
  • the request for bandwidth may be received from another device such base station 102.
  • base station 102 may monitor parameters related to data stream 105 sent by device 104 on the uplink.
  • the parameters monitored by base station 102 may include any parameters related to the quality of uplink service the base station 102 may provide to device 104.
  • the monitored parameters may include, for example, QoS parameters such as data rate, bit error rate (BER), and packet error rate (PER) of data stream 105.
  • the monitored parameters also may include overall traffic load/parameters on base station 102 related to other devices which could affect uplink quality for device 104.
  • Base station 102 may monitor for a condition associated with the parameters to be met.
  • base station 102 may send, either wirelessly or through the internet, a request for bandwidth to base station 106.
  • base station 106 and base station 102 may each register their presence with each other using an application that allows for communications between the two related to the requests for bandwidth.
  • the request for bandwidth sent to base station 106 may be sent from a network controller that controls the network in which base station 102 is implemented. In this case the network controller may determine that a condition is met and bandwidth is needed based on monitoring parameters related to quality of the uplinks of base station 102, for example, QoS parameters of data stream 105.
  • the request for bandwidth may come from device 104.
  • device 104 may send the request for bandwidth when a condition is determined to be met based on the monitoring of parameters related to the quality of uplink service provided to device 104.
  • the monitoring of parameters may be performed similar to the monitoring of parameters as described above for base station 102.
  • base station 106 may only receive a request to provide available bandwidth. In this case, the process moves to 416 where base station 106 may begin to determine how it may provide auxiliary bandwidth. Operations 416, 418, 420, 422, and 424 of FIGURE 4B, are then performed similar to operations 404, 406, 408, 410, and 412, respectively, of FIGURE 4 A to provide data redundancy for data stream 105. In another example implementation, at 414, base station 106 may make a determination as to whether or not it has available bandwidth before deciding to continue at 416. If base station 106 does not have bandwidth, it may send a denial of the bandwidth request back to the sending entity.
  • FIGURE 5A is a flow diagram of example operations performed by a base station operating as an auxiliary receiver in a receive-protocol mode.
  • receive-protocol mode the base station receives information that indicates the protocol to use when functioning as an auxiliary receiver.
  • FIGURE 5A may also be described using the example of base station 106 of FIGURE 2B operating in the system of FIGURE 1.
  • the process begins at 502 where base station 106 determines that it has available bandwidth.
  • controller 241 may determine that base station 106 has available bandwidth and/or resources that it can use to provide auxiliary receiver service to devices, such as device 104, within its coverage area.
  • the determination at 502 may be performed in a similar manner as was described for operation 402 of FIGURE 2A.
  • base station 106 informs base station 102 (primary base station) that it has available bandwidth.
  • base station 102 responds to base station 106 by informing base station 106 of its bandwidth needs.
  • the bandwidth needs may be indicated to base station 106 as being in a particular protocol, for example, in a particular Wi-Fi protocol at a particular frequency.
  • Base station 102 may also inform base station 106 of a particular device, or the identity of channels, for which it needs extra bandwidth or redundancy.
  • Operations 508, 510, and 512 of FIGURE 5A are performed similar to operations 408, 410, and 412, respectively, of FIGURE 4 A to provide data redundancy for data stream 105.
  • FIGURE 5B is a flow diagram of example operations performed by a base station operating as an auxiliary receiver in another receive-protocol mode.
  • FIGURE 5B may also be described using the example of base station 106 of FIGURE 2B operating in the system of FIGURE 1.
  • base station 106 receives a request for bandwidth.
  • the request for bandwidth may be received from another device such as base station 102.
  • base station 102 may monitor parameters related to data stream 105 sent by device 104 on the uplink.
  • the parameters monitored by base station 102 may include any parameters related to the quality of uplink service the base station 102 may provide to device 104.
  • the monitored parameters may include, for example, QoS parameters such as data rate, bit error rate (BER), and packet error rate (PER) of data stream 105.
  • the monitored parameters also may include overall traffic load/parameters on base station 102 related to other devices which could affect uplink quality for device 104.
  • base station 102 may send, either wirelessly or through the internet, a request for bandwidth to base station 106.
  • base station 106 and base station 102 may each register their presence with each other using an application that allows for communications between the two related to the requests for bandwidth.
  • the request for bandwidth sent to base station 106 may be sent from a network controller that controls the network in which base station 102 is implemented. In this case the network controller may determine that a condition has been met and bandwidth is needed based on monitoring parameters related to quality of the uplinks of base station 102, for example, QoS parameters of data stream 105.
  • the request for bandwidth may come from device 104.
  • device 104 may send the request for bandwidth upon determining a condition has been met based on the monitoring of parameters related to the quality of uplink service provided to device 104.
  • the monitoring of parameters may be performed similar to the monitoring of parameters as described above for base station 102.
  • base station 106 responds to base station 102 with available bandwidth information.
  • base station 102 informs base station 106 of its bandwidth needs that coincide with the available bandwidth at base station 106.
  • the coinciding bandwidth needs of base station 102 may be indicated to base station 106 as being in a particular protocol, for example, in a particular Wi-Fi protocol at a particular frequency.
  • Base station 102 may also inform base station 106 of a particular device and/or the identity of channels for which it needs extra bandwidth or redundancy.
  • Operations 520, 522, and 524 of FIGURE 5B are performed similar to operations 408, 410, and 412, respectively, of FIGURE 4 A to provide data redundancy for data stream 105.
  • base station 106 may be used as an auxiliary receiver to receive a data stream 105ax from device 104 on the uplink, where the received data stream 105ax is different from the data stream 105 being sent by device 104 to base station 102.
  • Base station 106 may send the received data stream 105ax onward to the destination device 128 as a data stream that includes additional data to what was sent in data stream 105 to the destination device 128 by base station 102.
  • data stream 105ax is not redundant, and data stream 105 and data stream 105ax each comprise different data for destination device 128.
  • This implementation provides greater throughput on the uplink from device 104.
  • base station 106 may communicate to device 104 that it is operating in auxiliary mode in order to allow source device 104 increase its uplink data rate to take advantage of the additional bandwidth.
  • FIGURE 6 is a simplified block diagram showing an example base station 600 operable as an auxiliary receiver.
  • Base station 600 represents a possible
  • Base station 600 includes processing unit 604, transmitters 616, receivers 614, protocol analyzer 618, and memory/storage 606.
  • Memory/storage 606 includes code and instructions for 5G control programs 608, bandwidth monitoring programs 610, auxiliary receiver control programs 612, and SDR protocol code 614.
  • Processing unit 604 may comprise one or more processors, or other control circuitry or any combination of processors and control circuitry that provide overall control of base station 600 according to the disclosed embodiments.
  • Memory 606 may be implemented as any type of as any type of computer readable storage media, including non-volatile and volatile memory.
  • Protocol analyzer 618 may be configured to capture and analyze signals and data traffic received by receivers 614. Protocol analyzer 618 may then identify protocols with which the signals and data traffic are sent.
  • execution of 5G control programs 608 causes processing unit 604 to implement operations that cause base station 600 to perform appropriate operations to operate as a 5G base station.
  • Execution of bandwidth monitoring programs 610 causes processing unit 604 to determine if base station 600 has available bandwidth to use as an auxiliary receiver. Bandwidth monitoring programs 610 may be omitted in an implementation that receives a request for bandwidth generated at another device.
  • Auxiliary receiver control programs 612 cause processing unit 606 to implement operations that cause base station 600 to perform appropriate operations to operate as an auxiliary receiver.
  • SDR protocol code 614 includes code for various protocols that may be used by processing unit to configure SDR receiver 614 for appropriate operation as an auxiliary receiver. SDR protocol code 614 may be omitted in an implementation in which base station 106 retrieves the SDR code from a remote database.
  • execution of the 5G control programs 608, bandwidth monitoring programs 610, and auxiliary receiver control programs 612, and use of the SDR protocol code 614 allows base station 600 to perform the operations shown and describer in relation to FIGURE 3, FIGURES 4A-4B, and FIGURES 5A-5B.
  • FIG. 606 The example embodiments disclosed herein may be described in the general context of processor-executable code or instructions stored on memory that may comprise one or more computer readable storage media (e.g., tangible non-transitory computer-readable storage media such as memory 606).
  • computer readable storage media e.g., tangible non-transitory computer-readable storage media such as memory 606
  • the terms "computer-readable storage media” or “non-transitory computer-readable media” include the media for storing of data, code and program instructions, such as memory 606, and do not include portions of the media for storing transitory propagated or modulated data communication signals.
  • processors or processing units controllers, and memory including instructions and code
  • the functions and processes of the embodiments may be implemented and performed using any type of processor, circuit, circuitry or combinations of processors and/or circuitry and code.
  • This may include, at least in part, one or more hardware logic components.
  • illustrative types of hardware logic components include field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), etc.
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • ASSPs application specific standard products
  • SOCs system-on-a-chip systems
  • CPLDs complex programmable logic devices
  • the disclosed implementations include a first base station comprising a receiver including a definable radio portion, one or more processors in communication with the receiver, and memory in communication with the one or more processors, the memory comprising code that, when executed, causes the one or more processors to control the first base station to determine a protocol used by a source device on an uplink from the source device to a second base station, configure the definable radio portion of the receiver to operate according to the protocol, intercept, using the receiver, a data stream sent to the second base station on the uplink, the data stream intended for a destination device; and, send the intercepted data stream onward as a redundant data stream for the destination device.
  • the code may be further executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to determine that the first base station is to operate in an auxiliary mode, and configure the definable radio portion of the receiver, intercept the data stream, and send the intercepted data stream onward while operating in the auxiliary mode.
  • the code may be executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to determine that the first base station is to operate in the auxiliary mode by controlling the first base station to determine that the first base station has available bandwidth, send an indication of the available bandwidth to a network device, and receive an indication of bandwidth needs from the network device.
  • the code may be executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to determine that the first base station is to operate in the auxiliary mode by controlling the first base station to monitor at least one parameter at the first base station, and initiate operation in the auxiliary mode based at least one on the at least one parameter.
  • the code may be executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to determine that the first base station is to operate in the auxiliary mode by controlling the first base station to receive a request for bandwidth from a network device, and initiate operation in the auxiliary mode based at least one on the request for bandwidth.
  • the network device may be the second base station.
  • the network device may be the source device.
  • the first base station may operate in a primary mode or in an auxiliary mode
  • the code may be further executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to operate in the primary mode, determine that the first base station is to operate in the auxiliary mode, switch to operate in the auxiliary mode by configuring the definable radio portion of the receiver to operate according to the protocol, and, intercept the data stream and send the intercepted data stream onward while operating in the auxiliary mode.
  • the code may be further executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to determine that the first base station is to operate in the primary mode, and switch the receiver back from auxiliary mode to operate in primary mode.
  • the code may comprise first code and the first code may executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to configure the definable radio portion of the receiver by controlling the apparatus to obtain second code, the second code defining the protocol, and configure the definable radio portion using the second code.
  • the first base station may further comprise a transmitter in communication with the one or more processors, and, the code, when executed, may further cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to transmit a beacon signal from the transmitter indicating that the first base station supports provision of additional bandwidth, receive a request for bandwidth from the source device in response to the beacon signal, and determine the protocol used by the source device for the uplink from the source device to the second base station based at least in part on the request for bandwidth.
  • the first base station may further comprise a transmitter in communication with the one or more processors, and, the code, when executed, may further cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to send a signal to the source device indicating that the first base station is operating in auxiliary mode and that the source device has been provided auxiliary bandwidth.
  • the disclosed implementations also include a first base station comprising a receiver including a definable radio portion, one or more processors in communication with the receiver, and memory in communication with the one or more processors, the memory comprising code that, when executed, causes the one or more processors to control the first base station to determine a protocol used by a source device on an uplink from the source device to a second base station, configure the definable radio portion of the receiver to operate according to the protocol, receive, using the receiver, a data stream on the uplink, the data stream intended for a destination device, and send the data stream onward for the destination device.
  • the first base station may operate in a primary and an auxiliary mode, and the code may further be executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to operate in primary mode, determine that the first base station is to operate in the auxiliary mode, and configure the definable radio portion of the receiver, receive the data stream on the uplink, and send the data stream onward for the destination device while in the auxiliary mode.
  • the code may be executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to determine that the first base station is to operate in the auxiliary mode by controlling the first base station to determine that the first base station has available bandwidth, send an indication of the available bandwidth to a network device, and receive an indication of bandwidth needs from the network device.
  • the code may be executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to determine that the first base station is to operate in the auxiliary mode by controlling the first base station to monitor at least one parameter at the first base station, and determine that the first base station is to operate in the auxiliary mode based at least one on the at least one parameter.
  • the code may be executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to receive the data stream by controlling the first base station to intercept, using the receiver, the data stream on the uplink, wherein the data stream is sent to the second base station and intended for a destination device, and send the data stream onward as a redundant data stream for the destination device.
  • the code may be executable to cause the one or more processors to control the first base station to receive the data stream on the uplink by controlling the first base station to receive the data stream on the uplink, wherein the data stream is sent to the first base station and intended for the destination device, and send the data stream onward for the destination device.
  • the disclosed implementations further include a network comprising an auxiliary base station configured to determine the protocol used by a source device on an uplink channel, configure a receiver of the auxiliary base station to operate according to the protocol, intercept a data stream sent on the uplink channel from a source device to a primary base station, and, send the intercepted data stream onward to the destination device through a network path.
  • the network may further comprise the primary base station, and the primary base station may be configured to determine that a condition on the uplink channel has been met and, in response to the condition being met, send a request for bandwidth to the auxiliary base station, and, the auxiliary base station may be further configured to, in response to receiving the request for bandwidth, determine the protocol, configure the receiver, and intercept the data stream.
  • the network may further comprise a network controller, wherein the network controller is configured to determine that a condition on the uplink channel has been met and, in response to the condition being met, send a request for auxiliary bandwidth to the auxiliary base station, and, wherein the auxiliary base station is further configured to, in response to receiving the request, determine the protocol, configure the receiver, and intercept the data stream.
  • the network may further comprise the source device, wherein the source device is configured to determine that a condition on the uplink channel has been met and, in response to the condition being met, send a request for auxiliary bandwidth to the auxiliary base station, and, wherein the auxiliary base station is further configured to, in response to receiving the request, determine the protocol, configure the receiver, and intercept the data stream.

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