EP3592648A1 - Assemblage électrodynamique pour la propulsion d'un engin spatial en orbite autour d'un astre possédant un champ magnétique - Google Patents
Assemblage électrodynamique pour la propulsion d'un engin spatial en orbite autour d'un astre possédant un champ magnétiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3592648A1 EP3592648A1 EP18713313.7A EP18713313A EP3592648A1 EP 3592648 A1 EP3592648 A1 EP 3592648A1 EP 18713313 A EP18713313 A EP 18713313A EP 3592648 A1 EP3592648 A1 EP 3592648A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coaxial cable
- assembly
- electrodynamic
- return circuit
- current return
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/64—Systems for coupling or separating cosmonautic vehicles or parts thereof, e.g. docking arrangements
- B64G1/648—Tethers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/10—Artificial satellites; Systems of such satellites; Interplanetary vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/24—Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control
- B64G1/32—Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control using earth's magnetic field
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/62—Systems for re-entry into the earth's atmosphere; Retarding or landing devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
- H02K3/40—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
- H02K41/035—DC motors; Unipolar motors
- H02K41/0352—Unipolar motors
- H02K41/0354—Lorentz force motors, e.g. voice coil motors
- H02K41/0358—Lorentz force motors, e.g. voice coil motors moving along a curvilinear path
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/62—Systems for re-entry into the earth's atmosphere; Retarding or landing devices
- B64G1/623—Retarding devices, e.g. retrorockets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
- H02K2203/15—Machines characterised by cable windings, e.g. high-voltage cables, ribbon cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
Definitions
- the invention relates to a compact electrodynamic cable for the propulsion of satellites in orbit of planets having a magnetic field.
- lanyards very strong electrodynamics, known as lanyards, and deployed over long lengths to be used here as engines by transforming the electrical energy of the cable into kinetic energy.
- the displacement of the lanyards results from the expression of the Lorentz force exerted on this cable in the Earth's magnetic field, the displacement
- the Lorentz force is the electromagnetic force then experienced by the charged cable in the Earth's electromagnetic field, this force causing the displacement of the cable.
- the cable length of 1000 m traversed by a current of 1 A is 30 mN theoretically in terrestrial orbit, which is comparable to that which is done in electric propulsion ion or plasma.
- the deployment in orbit of the lanyards is often delicate because they must be light despite the very long cable length.
- the mechanical dynamics is critical because of the need for a current return by a cathode at the other end which is part of an equipment related to a second bound satellite and which uses the ambient plasma as a return current.
- the return by the ambient plasma can furthermore generate other constraints in that strong currents which are not admissible by the wire can be generated as a function of the conduction of the ambient plasma and the charge of the satellite.
- captive propulsion solutions using lanyards can provide assistance or a solution without chemical propulsion at the arrival of satellites near planets with a magnetic field.
- the JUICE probe will have to provide a speed differential ⁇ of 900 m / s in the current all-chemical configuration.
- Plasma propulsion alone generally requires a supply energy often not found on site due to the insufficient production efficiency of solar panels, the low power of thermionic radio generators (RTG). Electrodynamic lanyards both provide energy to a plasma engine while contributing to deceleration for orbiting.
- the invention aims to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above by providing a coaxial cable and an electrodynamic assembly configured to be on board a spacecraft and allowing a current return protected from ambient electrical disturbances.
- An object of the invention proposes a coaxial cable for an electrodynamic assembly for the propulsion of a spacecraft in orbit around a star having a magnetic field, the cable comprising an electrically conductive core surrounded by a first electrically insulating sheath.
- the coaxial cable further comprises a current return circuit of electrically conductive and magnetically conducting material mounted outside the first electrically insulating sheath, the current return circuit comprising a first end electrically connected to a first end of said cable core.
- the coaxial cable according to the invention makes it possible to have a current return that is not subject to the electromagnetic variations of the ambient plasma since the current return is achieved through the solid electrical conductor of the current return circuit and not via the ambient plasma in the room. coaxial cable environment.
- the coaxial cable may further comprise a coating of magnetically conductive material surrounding said first electrically insulating sheath.
- the coating of magnetically conductive material makes it possible to carry out an external magnetic shielding reducing the electromagnetic disturbances perceived by the core of the coaxial cable.
- the electrically conductive and magnetically conductive material of the return circuit may be ⁇ or soft iron.
- the current return circuit comprises an electrically conductive wire.
- the current return circuit may be formed by said coating of magnetically conductive material surrounding said first electrically insulating sheath.
- the current return circuit may comprise a layer of copper or gold disposed on the coating of magnetically conductive material.
- the realization of the return circuit with a coating, for example iron or mu-metal, and a copper layer covering the iron improves electrical conduction of the return circuit while reducing the thickness of the return circuit, and thus have a return circuit having a sufficiently small thickness to limit the weight while allowing the presence of a sufficient magnetic braking field.
- the additional coating can be deposited chemically or electrolytically.
- the cable may further comprise a second electrically insulating sheath surrounding the current return circuit.
- the second electrically insulating sheath makes it possible to protect the current return circuit from any possible electrical disturbance.
- Another object of the invention proposes an electrodynamic assembly for the propulsion of a spacecraft in orbit around a star having a magnetic field.
- the electrodynamic assembly comprises at least one coaxial cable as defined above.
- the insensitivity to the ambient plasma magnetic field of the current return of the coaxial cable makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the assembly and thus to reduce the length of the assembly. Reducing the length required for operation avoids using a lanyard and thus to overcome the problems associated with the use of an electrodynamic lanyard, including problems relating to its deployment or kinematics.
- the assembly may comprise a series coupling of the coaxial cables.
- the series coupling of the coaxial cables of the sheath thus makes it possible to put the cores and the return circuits of the cables in series so that, if a current flows, the return circuits all see the same direction of current and the souls all see the same direction of current which is the direction opposite to the direction of circulation in the return circuits.
- the coaxial cables can be grouped together to form at least one bundle to increase the interaction area with the magnetic field on the same length of electrodynamic assembly.
- the bundle configuration makes it possible to increase the current generated by the magnetic field for the same assembly length, and thus reduce all the more the useful assembly length for the desired power of current.
- each coaxial cable may have a length corresponding to the length of the electrodynamic assembly.
- the electrodynamic assembly comprises a plurality of bundles successively aligned to form the length of the electrodynamic assembly.
- the assembly may comprise an input terminal formed by a second free end of the core of a coaxial cable and an output terminal formed by a second free end of the return circuit. another coaxial cable.
- the input terminal and the output terminal are intended to be coupled to the terminals of an electric alternator configured to, in a first mode, deliver an electric current into the assembly when the space assembly to which the assembly is associated must be desorbed, and, in a second mode, transfer the current delivered by the electrodynamic assembly in response to the interaction of the magnetic field of the star with the magnetically conductive surfaces of the electrodynamic assembly in energy storage means, such as a battery.
- an electric alternator configured to, in a first mode, deliver an electric current into the assembly when the space assembly to which the assembly is associated must be desorbed, and, in a second mode, transfer the current delivered by the electrodynamic assembly in response to the interaction of the magnetic field of the star with the magnetically conductive surfaces of the electrodynamic assembly in energy storage means, such as a battery.
- Yet another object of the invention proposes a spacecraft adapted to be placed in orbit around a star having a magnetic field, the spacecraft comprising an electrodynamic assembly as defined above.
- FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D each have a perspective view of an electrodynamic assembly according to a first and a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates an electrical diagram for coupling the coaxial cables of the electrodynamic assembly according to the first and second embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a circuit diagram for coupling the coaxial cables of the electrodynamic assembly according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 presents a schematic representation of a spacecraft 1 equipped with an electrodynamic assembly according to the invention.
- the spacecraft 1 comprises an artificial satellite 2 comprising an electric generator and may comprise means of chemical directional propulsion or other, the artificial satellite 2 further comprising an electrodynamic assembly 3 with a length of 1000 m and extending between a first free end 5 of the electrodynamic assembly 3 and a second end 6 attached to the artificial satellite
- the electrodynamic assembly 3 comprises a plurality of coaxial cables 7 assembled in a bundle, each coaxial cable 7 having a length corresponding to the length of the electrodynamic assembly 3.
- each coaxial cable 7 comprises an electrically conductive central core 8 surrounded by a first electrically insulating sheath 9.
- the core 8 is copper or another electrically conductive metal such as gold or silver for example.
- the first sheath 9 is covered on its outer face by a coating 10 of magnetically conductive material, such as melamine or soft iron for example.
- the coating 10 of magnetically conductive material makes it possible to make the inner part of the cable coaxial 7 where the inner conductor, that is to say the core 8, is located, insensitive to the surrounding magnetic fields.
- each coaxial cable 7 further comprises an electrically conductive current return circuit 11.
- the current return circuit 11 has a first and a second end respectively denoted 111 and 112, and the core 8 has a first and a second end respectively denoted 81 and 82.
- the first ends 81 and 111 of the core 8 and of the current return circuit 11 are at the same end of the bundle, and the second ends 82 and 112 of the core 8 and the current return circuit 11 are at the same second end of the bundle.
- the second end 82 of its core 8 is electrically connected to the second end 112 of its current return circuit 11.
- the coaxial cables 7 of the electrodynamic assembly 3 thus make it possible to achieve a return not by the ambient plasma but by the coaxial cable 7 itself by using a design where only the external element, that is to say the current return circuit 10, is subject to the earth's magnetic field since only the axis 8 inserted in the first sheath 9 is inside the magnetically conductive coating 10 forming a magnetic shielding.
- each coaxial cable 7 further comprises a second electrically insulating sheath 13 covering the current return circuit 11.
- the second electrically insulating sheath 13 makes it possible to electrically isolate each of the coaxial cables 7 from the bundle. other coaxial cables 7 of the bundle, and more particularly to isolate the current return circuit 11 of a coaxial cable 7 of the current return circuit 11 of another coaxial cable 7.
- the coaxial cables 7 of a bundle are electrically isolated except for the electrical connections made between the current return circuit 11 of a coaxial cable 7 and the core 8 of another coaxial cable, as illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 2D, 3 and 4 .
- the second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2B differs from the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2A in that the electrical insulation of the current return circuits 11 of each coaxial cable 7 is carried out not with the aid of FIG. a second sheath 13 for each coaxial cable 7, but with a single sheath 130 in which each coaxial cable 7 is embedded in the mass.
- the third embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2C differs from the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2A in that the current return circuit 110 is formed by the coating 10, the material of the coating 10 being magnetically conductive and electrically conductive.
- the coating 10 may be for example soft iron. Since the soft iron is a less good electrical conductor than copper, for the current return circuit 110 to have an electrical conduction comparable to that of the current return circuit 11 of the first embodiment, the thickness of the coating 10 in the third embodiment is greater than that of the coating in the first embodiment.
- the fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2D differs from the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2A in that the current return circuit 1100 comprises an electrically conductive wire 14 covered with an electrical insulator 15 instead of the electrically insulating layer.
- copper 12 the second electrically insulating sheath 13 being mounted directly on the magnetically conductive coating.
- the electrical wire 14 is held outside the magnetic shield and preferably on the outside of the bundle to remain in the space sensitive to the surrounding magnetic field.
- FIG. 3 shows an electrical diagram for coupling the coaxial cables 7 of the electrodynamic assembly 3 according to the first, second and third embodiments of the invention.
- the coaxial cables 7 of the electrodynamic assembly 3 are electrically coupled in series to form a circuit in series with an input terminal 16 connected to a first end 81 of the core 8 of a first coaxial cable 71 and an output terminal 17 connected to a first end 111 of the current return circuit 11 of a second coaxial cable 72.
- Each coaxial cable 73 between the first coaxial cable 71 and the second coaxial cable 72 comprises a second end 82 of its core 8 electrically coupled to a second end 112 of its current return circuit 11, the first end 111 of the coaxial cable 73.
- current 11 of a coaxial cable 73 being electrically coupled to the first end 81 of the core 8 of a next coaxial cable and the first end 81 of the core 8 of a coaxial cable 73 being electrically coupled to the first end 111 of the current return circuit 11 of a previous coaxial cable.
- the cores 8 and the current return circuits 11 of the coaxial cables 7 are thus electrically coupled in series so that if a current flows, the current return circuits 11 all see the same direction of current and the souls 8 all see the opposite direction of the current return circuits 11.
- the current return circuit 11 of a coaxial cable 7 comprises a layer 12 of electrically conductive coating covering the coating 10 made of magnetically conductive material which covers the first sheath insulating 9 of the coaxial cable 7.
- the return circuit 110 of a coaxial cable 7 is formed directly by the coating 10 which is formed at least partially by an electrically conductive and magnetically conductive material.
- FIG. 4 shows an electrical diagram for coupling the coaxial cables 7 of the electrodynamic assembly 3 according to the fourth embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 2D.
- the current return circuit 1100 of the coaxial cables 7 is through the unprotected wire 14 connected to the ambient magnetic field.
- the diameter of the core 8 of the coaxial cables varies between 0.08 mm and 11.7 mm depending on the current to be passed through the core 8, and the thickness of the first and second sheaths 9 and 13 electrically insulating is of the order of 0.1 mm for a voltage of 1000 V.
- the coating 10 forming the magnetic barrier has a thickness of the order of 0.1 mm for a terrestrial application, that is to say for an electrodynamic assembly 3 to be mounted on a satellite 2 for use in the Earth's magnetic field, and the copper layer 12 has a thickness varying between less than 0.01 mm and 2.3 mm.
- the artificial satellite 2 being mobile in the Earth's magnetic field, its speed v combined with the presence of a magnetic field B will create on the return circuits 10 a voltage proportional to their length.
- the return current through the cores 8 is limited by the voltage on the electrical resistance of the core 8.
- the coaxial cables 7 being in number, this creates a continuous current which is also a Laplace force generator opposing the speed v of the artificial satellite 2. This is a good way to create a force of the order of 1 to 100 mN continuously which can be used for the deorbitation.
- the invention thus provides an electrodynamic assembly configured to be embarked aboard a spacecraft and allowing a current return protected from ambient electrical disturbances.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Communication Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1700229A FR3063829B1 (fr) | 2017-03-08 | 2017-03-08 | Cable electrodynamique compact pour propulsion de satellite en orbite de planetes possedant un champ magnetique |
| PCT/FR2018/050501 WO2018162831A1 (fr) | 2017-03-08 | 2018-03-06 | Assemblage électrodynamique pour la propulsion d'un engin spatial en orbite autour d'un astre possédant un champ magnétique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3592648A1 true EP3592648A1 (fr) | 2020-01-15 |
Family
ID=59699721
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18713313.7A Withdrawn EP3592648A1 (fr) | 2017-03-08 | 2018-03-06 | Assemblage électrodynamique pour la propulsion d'un engin spatial en orbite autour d'un astre possédant un champ magnétique |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11535405B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3592648A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN110475721A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3063829B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018162831A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10654595B1 (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2020-05-19 | United States Of America As Represented By Secretary Of The Navy | Maintaining high-inclination eccentric orbit using an electrodynamic tether |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4923151A (en) * | 1988-03-01 | 1990-05-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Tether power generator for earth orbiting satellites |
| US6049042A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2000-04-11 | Avellanet; Francisco J. | Electrical cables and methods of making same |
| DE19719523A1 (de) * | 1997-05-09 | 1998-11-19 | Gerhard Dipl Ing Liebscher | Gleichstromgenerator sowie Gleichstrommotor |
| US6116544A (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 2000-09-12 | Tethers Unlimited, Inc. | Electrodynamic tether and method of use |
| US6758443B1 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2004-07-06 | Tether Applications, Inc. | Method for observing and stabilizing electrodynamic tethers |
| US7118074B1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2006-10-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Electrodynamic tether |
| CH698074B1 (de) * | 2005-11-11 | 2009-05-15 | Studer Ag Draht & Kabelwerk | Mehrleiterkabel für die Übertragung von rechteckig verlaufenden Wechselströmen. |
| US8210480B2 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2012-07-03 | Moorer Daniel F | Hybrid electrostatic space tug |
| WO2014146108A1 (fr) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Broughton Royall M Jr | Câble d'arrimage à haute résistance pour la transmission d'électricité et de signaux de communication |
| KR20160065959A (ko) * | 2013-12-02 | 2016-06-09 | 가부시키가이샤후지쿠라 | 고주파용 전선 및 코일 |
-
2017
- 2017-03-08 FR FR1700229A patent/FR3063829B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-03-06 CN CN201880021463.2A patent/CN110475721A/zh active Pending
- 2018-03-06 WO PCT/FR2018/050501 patent/WO2018162831A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-03-06 EP EP18713313.7A patent/EP3592648A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-03-06 US US16/492,002 patent/US11535405B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3063829A1 (fr) | 2018-09-14 |
| CN110475721A (zh) | 2019-11-19 |
| WO2018162831A1 (fr) | 2018-09-13 |
| FR3063829B1 (fr) | 2021-05-21 |
| US11535405B2 (en) | 2022-12-27 |
| US20200071004A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
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