EP3583618B1 - Circuit breaker - Google Patents

Circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3583618B1
EP3583618B1 EP18704262.7A EP18704262A EP3583618B1 EP 3583618 B1 EP3583618 B1 EP 3583618B1 EP 18704262 A EP18704262 A EP 18704262A EP 3583618 B1 EP3583618 B1 EP 3583618B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control signal
designed
unit
current
circuit breaker
Prior art date
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Application number
EP18704262.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3583618A1 (en
Inventor
Vincent GACEUS
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Hager Electro SAS
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Hager Electro SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/123—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit
    • H01H71/125—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release using a solid-state trip unit characterised by sensing elements, e.g. current transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/093—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising a current sensor arranged to measure an electric current flowing in an electric current supply line of an electrical installation and to supply a measurement value of the measured current, which sensor is connected to an analog converter. / digital arranged to convert said measurement value into a digital current measurement value, which converter is connected to a monitoring member of said current having an input for receiving data relating to the current flowing in the electrical installation, which monitoring member is arranged to detect on the one hand whether the digital current measurement value is located in a range which extends between a first threshold value and a second electric current threshold value and on the other hand whether the digital value of current measurement is greater than this second threshold value, the second threshold value being greater than the first value threshold, which monitoring member is also arranged to produce a first control signal when it observes that the digital current measurement value is located in said range and a second control signal when it observes that the digital measurement value of current is greater than the second threshold value, which monitoring member is arranged to connect to an energy supply from a reserve source of electrical energy.
  • Such a circuit breaker is generally known.
  • This circuit breaker acts as a safety tool in the electrical network of a building.
  • This circuit breaker can be operated manually, for example to cut off the electric current when work has to be carried out on the maintenance network on the electrical installation downstream of said circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker can also be activated mechanically and automatically in the event of overcurrent, short circuit, or leakage current on the network.
  • the circuit breaker will measure the electric current flowing in the electric current supply line of the electrical installation and provide a measurement value of the measured current. This value is converted by the analog / digital converter into a digital current measurement value which can then be processed digitally by the monitoring unit.
  • the latter checks whether, on the one hand, the digital current measurement value is located in a range which extends between a first threshold value and a second electric current threshold value and, on the other hand, whether the digital measurement value current is greater than this second threshold value.
  • This range will be chosen according to the rated current for which the circuit breaker has been designed, also called the circuit breaker rating.
  • the monitoring unit will produce a first control signal when it observes that the digital current measurement value is within said range and a second control signal when it observes that the digital current measurement value is greater than the second threshold value. Under the control of the second control signal, the monitoring device will effectively cut the current on the line.
  • circuit breakers are designed to provide both traditional thermal protection, for example using a bimetallic strip, and flexibility in the coordination within the electrical installation, which are primary functions. The most feared events are non-tripping in the event of an overload or short-circuit and nuisance tripping.
  • the circuit breakers perform secondary functions, which do not directly concern electrical safety and the operation of the installation, such as measurements or information displays. , which are secondary functions.
  • a disadvantage of the known circuit breaker is that the modularity for the primary and secondary functions is limited by their architecture.
  • the document FR 2 592 737 A1 discloses a circuit breaker comprising a main unit and an auxiliary unit for which provision is made to separate the reader and trip unit functions as well as to organize the trip unit and an independent reader so that they can be combined in a simple and rapid manner.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a circuit breaker which can meet both the operational safety requirements required by the primary functions and the modularity required by the secondary functions.
  • the monitoring unit comprises a main unit and an auxiliary unit, said main unit being arranged to perform on the basis of said data received primary functions of protection of the electrical installation. and producing the first and second control signal, said main unit being arranged to cut off the current flowing in the installation under the control of the second control signal, said auxiliary unit being arranged to be activated under control of the first control signal and to perform on the basis of said received data secondary functions of the electrical installation, and in that when the auxiliary unit is activated by the first control signal, the auxiliary unit is arranged to perform the secondary functions and the main unit is arranged to perform the main functions.
  • a main unit and an auxiliary unit makes it possible to distribute the tasks to be accomplished by the supervisory body. Since the auxiliary unit is activated by the first control signal, it makes it possible to perform the secondary functions and thus to discharge the main unit of these functions when it is under the first control signal. Thus the main unit can take care of the operational safety requirements and the auxiliary unit takes care of the secondary functions, which are not related to the electrical safety of the installation. It also follows that from the moment when the auxiliary unit is activated by the first control signal, only the main unit performs the primary functions, and that the auxiliary unit is activated in order to perform the functions secondary, thus relieving the main unit of performing all the secondary functions.
  • a first preferred embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that said auxiliary unit being connected to an access door having a control input connected to the main unit to receive the first control signal, the access door being arranged to open under control of the first control signal.
  • a second preferred embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that the monitoring member is connected to a source of electrical energy which is itself supplied from the electrical current flowing in the line. power supply, the auxiliary unit being connected to this power source via a switch controlled by the first control signal so as to supply it with electrical energy under the control of the first control signal. This allows the auxiliary unit to be supplied with energy under the control of the main unit.
  • the electric current which circulates on the line varies of course according to the quantity of electric energy required by the installation.
  • the main role of a circuit breaker is to monitor that the electric current does not exceed certain predetermined values of electric current which could lead to overheating of the line and therefore cause a fire.
  • the circuit breaker also takes care to note the presence of any short circuits on the line. When the circuit breaker notices such an anomaly on the line, such as a short circuit, it will cut off the current on the line in order to secure the installation.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a current range located between the value i 1 and i 2 , where i 1 is for example equal to 15A and i 2 equal to 40A.
  • i 1 is for example equal to 15A and i 2 equal to 40A.
  • the measured value of the current present on a current supply line is less than i 1 and therefore there is no anomaly present on the line.
  • the measured value of the current present on the line is greater than i 1 but less than i 2 .
  • the measured value of the current present on the line is greater than i 2.
  • the range between i 1 and i 2 is a range which can be considered as indicative that the current is higher than the chosen nominal value, but not alarming, whereas a current greater than i 2 indicates an alarming situation.
  • the figure 2 illustrates the choice of threshold values according to the circuit breaker rating. It shows an amperometric frieze on which a section AB is illustrated and in which a first threshold of a current value can be chosen. It also shows a C value, which represents the rating of a circuit breaker. The rating itself being set, for example, by respecting the IEC60255-151 standard of 2009. The rating being the current value on which the circuit breaker is calibrated to cut off the power supply.
  • the section AB is for example chosen at a current value between 10 and 30% of the value of the circuit breaker rating. It is in this section AB that the first threshold value i 1 will be chosen.
  • the value of the caliber will preferably be chosen like the second electric current threshold value i 2 , the second threshold value being of course greater than the first threshold value.
  • Circuit breaker 1 shown in figure 3 is crossed by the current supply line 2 serving for example to supply an electric current to a building.
  • the electric current supply line has three phases 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 as well as a neutral 2-4.
  • the invention is not limited to circuit breakers used on supply lines having three phases and one neutral and that the invention also applies to circuit breakers used on lines having more or less. of three phases.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a current sensor 3 placed on the supply line 2 and arranged to measure an electric current flowing in the electric current supply line.
  • the sensor is also arranged to supply a measurement value of the measured current.
  • the sensor is preferably designed to measure the current which circulates in each supply line so as to make it possible to verify whether the current in one phase is not more intense than in the others and thus to be able to discriminate electrical faults. In order to monitor the variation over time of the current flowing in the line, the current is measured either continuously or by sampling.
  • the sensor 3 is connected to an analog / digital converter 5 arranged to convert the measurement value measured by the sensor into a digital current measurement value.
  • the converter is connected to a current monitoring device 6.7.
  • the monitoring unit is connected to the electric power reserve source 4 and can thus be supplied by this source.
  • This current monitoring unit comprises a main unit 6 and an auxiliary unit 7.
  • the main unit is arranged to perform, on the basis of said data received via the converter 5, primary functions of protecting the electrical installation, such as monitoring the electrical installation. intensity of the current flowing on the line, the observation of an overvoltage or the presence a short circuit on the line.
  • the auxiliary unit is designed to perform, among other things on the basis of the data received secondary functions of the electrical installation which are not related to the safety of the installation, such as the measurement of electrical quantities, for example the intensity of the current. and / or the electric voltage, the frequency of the current, its power, the reporting of errors or alarm situations, the production of data to be delivered to a communication bus, the production of preventive maintenance messages, etc. ...
  • the reserve source of electrical energy is preferably kept charged by the electric current present on the line 2.
  • the reserve source 4 serves to directly power the main unit 6 and this also in the event of a power failure.
  • the auxiliary unit 7 is connected to the power source 4 by means of a switch 16 controlled by a first control signal, as will be described below, so as to supply the auxiliary unit. in electrical energy under the control of the first control signal.
  • the main unit 6 has an input 13 connected to the output of the converter 5 and through which the digital current measurement value is supplied to it.
  • the main unit 6 is arranged to detect on the one hand whether the digital current measurement value is located in the range which extends between the first threshold value i 1 and the second i 2 threshold value of electric current and on the other hand if the digital current measurement value is greater than this second threshold value.
  • the main unit of the monitoring unit is also arranged to produce a first control signal when it finds that the digital current measurement value is within said range and a second control signal when it finds that the value digital current measurement is greater than the second threshold value.
  • This observation is for example carried out by calculating the percentage represented by the digital current measurement value with respect to the value of the gauge. Alternatively the finding can be achieved by comparing the measured digital value with values stored in a memory that is part of the main unit.
  • the first control signal is preferably maintained as long as the digital current measurement value remains in said range and it will be canceled when the digital current measurement value has fallen below the value i 1 .
  • the main unit is designed to cut off the current flowing in the installation, under the control of the second control signal.
  • the main unit is connected to a trip device 10, itself connected to power contacts 11 connected in series on the current lines. Under control of the second control signal, the trip unit is activated so as to switch the power contacts 11 and interrupt the flow of current on line 2.
  • the auxiliary unit is arranged to be activated under the control of the first control signal and to perform, among other things, on the basis of said data received, secondary functions of the electrical installation.
  • Secondary functions are understood to mean functions that do not directly concern the safety of the electrical installation, such as reporting on incidents that may occur on the network, information on current consumption, alarm, maintenance or safety functions. communication and measurement of electrical quantities, for example the intensity of the current and / or the electrical voltage, the frequency of the current, its power.
  • the auxiliary unit is connected to an access door 12 having a control input 14 connected to the main unit to receive the first control signal.
  • the access door 12 is a one-way door in the direction towards the auxiliary unit. This access door is arranged to open under the control of the first control signal.
  • the access door is arranged to manage data access to the auxiliary unit under the control of the first control signal.
  • the auxiliary unit is only activated after the first control signal has been produced by the main unit, i.e. when the digital value of the measured current is in the range between i 1 and i 2 . If the current has a value located in the latter range, this means that the current flowing on the line has a significant value and that the main unit must therefore monitor the evolution of the current.
  • the first control signal will open the access door 12 thus transmitting the data received via the converter to the auxiliary unit 7, as well as authorizing the power supply to the secondary unit via switch 16. The latter will then be able to take over the secondary functions.
  • the auxiliary unit has one or more other data inputs which can be connected to eg a local bus and a field bus.
  • the auxiliary unit can also be connected to another unit 9 such as for example a display unit via the local bus.
  • a data exchange between the main unit and the auxiliary unit can for example be carried out using a card bus 8, for example of the UART or SPI type.
  • the main unit is preferably arranged to save the data present in this main unit under the control of the second control signal and to associate with these data a time datum indicating the moment when the second control signal has been produced.
  • the main unit will be able to save essential data which will make it possible to better protect the installation after resetting the circuit breaker.
  • the fact of associating a time data item not only makes it possible to memorize the moment when the power failure occurred, but also during the resumption of the current to check whether the stored data are still valid.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un disjoncteur comprenant un capteur de courant agencé pour mesurer un courant électrique circulant dans une ligne d'alimentation en courant électrique d'une installation électrique et fournir une valeur de mesure du courant mesuré, lequel capteur est relié à un convertisseur analogique/numérique agencé pour convertir ladite valeur de mesure en une valeur numérique de mesure de courant, lequel convertisseur est relié à un organe de surveillance dudit courant ayant une entrée pour recevoir des données relatives au courant circulant dans l'installation électrique, lequel organe de surveillance est agencé pour détecter d'une part si la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est située dans une plage qui s'étend entre une première valeur-seuil et une deuxième valeur-seuil de courant électrique et d'autre part si la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est supérieure à cette deuxième valeur-seuil, la deuxième valeur-seuil étant supérieure à la première valeur-seuil, lequel organe de surveillance est également agencé pour produire un premier signal de commande lorsqu'il constate que la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est situé dans ladite plage et un deuxième signal de commande lorsqu'il constate que la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est supérieure à la deuxième valeur-seuil, lequel organe de surveillance est agencé pour se brancher sur une alimentation en énergie à partir d'une source de réserve d'énergie électrique.The present invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising a current sensor arranged to measure an electric current flowing in an electric current supply line of an electrical installation and to supply a measurement value of the measured current, which sensor is connected to an analog converter. / digital arranged to convert said measurement value into a digital current measurement value, which converter is connected to a monitoring member of said current having an input for receiving data relating to the current flowing in the electrical installation, which monitoring member is arranged to detect on the one hand whether the digital current measurement value is located in a range which extends between a first threshold value and a second electric current threshold value and on the other hand whether the digital value of current measurement is greater than this second threshold value, the second threshold value being greater than the first value threshold, which monitoring member is also arranged to produce a first control signal when it observes that the digital current measurement value is located in said range and a second control signal when it observes that the digital measurement value of current is greater than the second threshold value, which monitoring member is arranged to connect to an energy supply from a reserve source of electrical energy.

Un tel disjoncteur est généralement connu. Ce disjoncteur fait office d'un outil de sécurité dans le réseau électrique d'un immeuble. Ce disjoncteur peut être actionné de façon manuelle, par exemple pour couper le courant électrique lorsqu'il faut exécuter des travaux sur le réseau de maintenance sur l'installation électrique en aval du dit disjoncteur. Le disjoncteur peut également être activé mécaniquement et automatiquement en cas de surintensité de courant, de court-circuit, ou de courant de fuite sur le réseau. En fonctionnement le disjoncteur va mesurer le courant électrique circulant dans la ligne d'alimentation en courant électrique de l'installation électrique et fournir une valeur de mesure du courant mesuré. Cette valeur est convertie par le convertisseur analogique/numérique en une valeur numérique de mesure de courant qui pourra ensuite être traitée de façon numérique par l'organe de surveillance. Ce dernier vérifie si d'une part la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est située dans une plage qui s'étend entre une première valeur-seuil et une deuxième valeur-seuil de courant électrique et d'autre part si la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est supérieure à cette deuxième valeur-seuil. Cette plage sera choisie en fonction du courant nominal pour lequel le disjoncteur a été conçu, également appelée le calibre du disjoncteur. L'organe de surveillance va produire un premier signal de commande lorsqu'il constate que la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est située dans ladite plage et un deuxième signal de commande lorsqu'il constate que la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est supérieure à la deuxième valeur-seuil. Sous contrôle du deuxième signal de commande l'organe de surveillance va réaliser une coupure effective du courant sur la ligne.Such a circuit breaker is generally known. This circuit breaker acts as a safety tool in the electrical network of a building. This circuit breaker can be operated manually, for example to cut off the electric current when work has to be carried out on the maintenance network on the electrical installation downstream of said circuit breaker. The circuit breaker can also be activated mechanically and automatically in the event of overcurrent, short circuit, or leakage current on the network. In operation, the circuit breaker will measure the electric current flowing in the electric current supply line of the electrical installation and provide a measurement value of the measured current. This value is converted by the analog / digital converter into a digital current measurement value which can then be processed digitally by the monitoring unit. The latter checks whether, on the one hand, the digital current measurement value is located in a range which extends between a first threshold value and a second electric current threshold value and, on the other hand, whether the digital measurement value current is greater than this second threshold value. This range will be chosen according to the rated current for which the circuit breaker has been designed, also called the circuit breaker rating. The monitoring unit will produce a first control signal when it observes that the digital current measurement value is within said range and a second control signal when it observes that the digital current measurement value is greater than the second threshold value. Under the control of the second control signal, the monitoring device will effectively cut the current on the line.

Les disjoncteurs connus sont conçus pour à la fois réaliser une protection thermique traditionnelle, par exemple à l'aide d'un bilame, et une souplesse dans la coordination au sein de l'installation électrique, qui sont des fonctions primaires. Les événements les plus redoutés sont le non-déclenchement en cas de surcharge ou de court-circuit et le déclenchement intempestif. En plus des fonctions primaires, qui concernent la sécurité et le fonctionnement de l'installation, les disjoncteurs réalisent des fonctions secondaires, qui ne concernent pas directement la sécurité électrique et le fonctionnement de l'installation, comme des mesures ou des affichages d'informations, qui sont des fonctions secondaires.Known circuit breakers are designed to provide both traditional thermal protection, for example using a bimetallic strip, and flexibility in the coordination within the electrical installation, which are primary functions. The most feared events are non-tripping in the event of an overload or short-circuit and nuisance tripping. In addition to the primary functions, which relate to the safety and operation of the installation, the circuit breakers perform secondary functions, which do not directly concern electrical safety and the operation of the installation, such as measurements or information displays. , which are secondary functions.

Un désavantage du disjoncteur connu est que la modularité pour les fonctions primaires et secondaires est limitée de par leur architecture.A disadvantage of the known circuit breaker is that the modularity for the primary and secondary functions is limited by their architecture.

Le document FR 2 592 737 A1 divulgue un disjoncteur comportant une unité principale et une unité auxiliaire pour lequel il est prévu de séparer les fonctions de lecteur et de déclencheur ainsi-que d'organiser le déclencheur et un lecteur indépendant pour qu'ils soient associables de façon simple et rapide.The document FR 2 592 737 A1 discloses a circuit breaker comprising a main unit and an auxiliary unit for which provision is made to separate the reader and trip unit functions as well as to organize the trip unit and an independent reader so that they can be combined in a simple and rapid manner.

L'invention a pour but de réaliser un disjoncteur qui puisse répondre à la fois aux exigences de sureté de fonctionnement requis par les fonctions primaires et à la modularité requise par les fonctions secondaires.The object of the invention is to produce a circuit breaker which can meet both the operational safety requirements required by the primary functions and the modularity required by the secondary functions.

A cette fin l'invention concerne un disjoncteur selon la revendication 1. L'organe de surveillance comporte une unité principale et une unité auxiliaire, ladite unité principale étant agencée pour exécuter sur base desdites données reçues des fonctions primaires de protection de l'installation électrique et produire le premier et deuxième signal de commande, ladite unité principale étant agencée pour réaliser sous contrôle du deuxième signal de commande une coupure du courant circulant dans l'installation, ladite unité auxiliaire étant agencée pour être activée sous contrôle du premier signal de commande et pour exécuter sur base desdites données reçues des fonctions secondaires de l'installation électrique, et en ce que lorsque l'unité auxiliaire est activée par le premier signal de commande, l'unité auxiliaire est agencée pour exécuter les fonctions secondaires et l'unité principale est agencée pour exécuter les fonctions principales. La présence d'une unité principale et d'une unité auxiliaire permet de répartir les tâches à accomplir par l'organe de surveillance. Puisque l'unité auxiliaire est activée par le premier signal de commande elle permet d'exécuter les fonctions secondaires et ainsi de décharger l'unité principale de ces fonctions-là lorsque l'on se trouve sous le premier signal de commande. Ainsi l'unité principale peut se charger des exigences de sureté de fonctionnement et l'unité auxiliaire se charge des fonctions secondaires, qui ne sont pas liées à la sureté électrique de l'installation. Il en résulte également qu'à partir du moment où l'unité auxiliaire est activée par le premier signal de commande, seule l'unité principale exécute les fonctions primaires, et que l'unité auxiliaire est activée en vue d'exécuter les fonctions secondaires, déchargeant ainsi l'unité principale de l'exécution de l'ensemble des fonctions secondaires.To this end, the invention relates to a circuit breaker according to claim 1. The monitoring unit comprises a main unit and an auxiliary unit, said main unit being arranged to perform on the basis of said data received primary functions of protection of the electrical installation. and producing the first and second control signal, said main unit being arranged to cut off the current flowing in the installation under the control of the second control signal, said auxiliary unit being arranged to be activated under control of the first control signal and to perform on the basis of said received data secondary functions of the electrical installation, and in that when the auxiliary unit is activated by the first control signal, the auxiliary unit is arranged to perform the secondary functions and the main unit is arranged to perform the main functions. The presence of a main unit and an auxiliary unit makes it possible to distribute the tasks to be accomplished by the supervisory body. Since the auxiliary unit is activated by the first control signal, it makes it possible to perform the secondary functions and thus to discharge the main unit of these functions when it is under the first control signal. Thus the main unit can take care of the operational safety requirements and the auxiliary unit takes care of the secondary functions, which are not related to the electrical safety of the installation. It also follows that from the moment when the auxiliary unit is activated by the first control signal, only the main unit performs the primary functions, and that the auxiliary unit is activated in order to perform the functions secondary, thus relieving the main unit of performing all the secondary functions.

Une première forme de réalisation préférentielle d'un disjoncteur suivant l'invention est caractérisée en ce que ladite unité auxiliaire étant reliée à une porte d'accès ayant une entrée de commande relié à l'unité principale pour recevoir le premier signal de commande, la porte d'accès étant agencée pour s'ouvrir sous contrôle du premier signal de commande. L'usage d'une porte d'accès pilotée de type porte électronique de gestion des données par le premier signal permet une solution fiable pour activer l'unité auxiliaire.A first preferred embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that said auxiliary unit being connected to an access door having a control input connected to the main unit to receive the first control signal, the access door being arranged to open under control of the first control signal. The use of a piloted access door of the electronic data management door type by the first signal provides a reliable solution for activating the auxiliary unit.

Une deuxième forme de réalisation préférentielle d'un disjoncteur suivant l'invention est caractérisée en ce que l'organe de surveillance est reliée à une source d'alimentation en énergie électrique elle-même alimentée à partir du courant électrique circulant dans la ligne d'alimentation, l'unité auxiliaire étant reliée à cette source d'alimentation par l'intermédiaire d'un interrupteur commandé par le premier signal de commande de telle façon à l'alimenter en énergie électrique sous contrôle du premier signal de commande. Ceci permet d'alimenter l'unité auxiliaire en énergie sous contrôle de l'unité principale.A second preferred embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention is characterized in that the monitoring member is connected to a source of electrical energy which is itself supplied from the electrical current flowing in the line. power supply, the auxiliary unit being connected to this power source via a switch controlled by the first control signal so as to supply it with electrical energy under the control of the first control signal. This allows the auxiliary unit to be supplied with energy under the control of the main unit.

L'invention sera maintenant décrite plus en détails à l'aide des dessins qui illustrent un exemple de réalisation d'un disjoncteur suivant l'invention. Dans les dessins :

  • La figure 1 illustre un exemple de valeurs de courant circulant dans la ligne d'alimentation en courant ;
  • La figure 2 illustre le choix des valeurs seuil en fonction du calibre du disjoncteur ; et
  • La figure 3 montre un disjoncteur suivant l'invention qui est traversé par une ligne d'alimentation en courant.
The invention will now be described in more detail with the aid of the drawings which illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention. In the drawings:
  • The figure 1 illustrates an example of current values flowing in the current supply line;
  • The figure 2 illustrates the choice of threshold values according to the circuit breaker rating; and
  • The figure 3 shows a circuit breaker according to the invention which is crossed by a current supply line.

Dans les figures une même référence a été attribuée à un même élément ou à un élément analogue.In the figures, the same reference has been assigned to the same element or to a similar element.

Le courant électrique qui circule sur la ligne varie bien entendu en fonction de la quantité d'énergie électrique requise par l'installation. Le rôle principale d'un disjoncteur est de surveiller que le courant électrique n'excède pas certaines valeurs prédéterminées de courant électrique qui pourraient mener à une surchauffe de la ligne et donc provoquer un incendie. D'autre part le disjoncteur veille aussi à constater la présence d'éventuels courts-circuits sur la ligne. Lorsque le disjoncteur constate une telle anomalie sur la ligne, comme un court-circuit, il va réaliser la coupure du courant sur la ligne afin de sécuriser l'installation.The electric current which circulates on the line varies of course according to the quantity of electric energy required by the installation. The main role of a circuit breaker is to monitor that the electric current does not exceed certain predetermined values of electric current which could lead to overheating of the line and therefore cause a fire. On the other hand, the circuit breaker also takes care to note the presence of any short circuits on the line. When the circuit breaker notices such an anomaly on the line, such as a short circuit, it will cut off the current on the line in order to secure the installation.

La figure 1 illustre une plage de courant située entre la valeur i1 et i2, où i1 est par exemple égal à 15A et i2 égal à 40A. Au temps t1 et t2 la valeur mesurée du courant présent sur une ligne d'alimentation en courant est inférieure à i1 et donc il n'y a pas d'anomalie présente sur la ligne. Au temps t3 et t4 la valeur mesurée du courant présent sur la ligne est supérieure à i1 mais inférieure à i2. Au temps t5 la valeur mesurée du courant présent sur la ligne est supérieure à i2. La plage située entre i1 et i2 est une plage qui peut être considérée comme étant indicative que le courant est plus élevé que la valeur nominale choisie, mais pas alarmante, alors qu'un courant supérieur à i2 indique une situation alarmante.The figure 1 illustrates a current range located between the value i 1 and i 2 , where i 1 is for example equal to 15A and i 2 equal to 40A. At time t1 and t2 the measured value of the current present on a current supply line is less than i 1 and therefore there is no anomaly present on the line. At time t3 and t4 the measured value of the current present on the line is greater than i 1 but less than i 2 . At time t5, the measured value of the current present on the line is greater than i 2. The range between i 1 and i 2 is a range which can be considered as indicative that the current is higher than the chosen nominal value, but not alarming, whereas a current greater than i 2 indicates an alarming situation.

La figure 2 illustre le choix des valeurs seuil en fonction du calibre du disjoncteur. Elle montre une frise ampérométrique sur laquelle une section A-B est illustrée et dans laquelle un premier seuil d'une valeur de courant peut être choisie. Elle montre également une valeur C, qui représente le calibre d'un disjoncteur. Le calibre même étant fixé par exemple en respectant la norme IEC60255-151 de 2009. Le calibre étant la valeur de courant sur laquelle le disjoncteur est calibré pour couper l'alimentation en courant électrique. La section A-B est par exemple choisie à une valeur de courant située entre 10 et 30% de la valeur du calibre du disjoncteur. C'est dans cette section A-B que sera choisie la première valeur-seuil i1. La valeur du calibre sera de préférence choisie comme la deuxième valeur-seuil de courant électrique i2, la deuxième valeur-seuil étant bien entendu supérieure à la première valeur-seuil.The figure 2 illustrates the choice of threshold values according to the circuit breaker rating. It shows an amperometric frieze on which a section AB is illustrated and in which a first threshold of a current value can be chosen. It also shows a C value, which represents the rating of a circuit breaker. The rating itself being set, for example, by respecting the IEC60255-151 standard of 2009. The rating being the current value on which the circuit breaker is calibrated to cut off the power supply. The section AB is for example chosen at a current value between 10 and 30% of the value of the circuit breaker rating. It is in this section AB that the first threshold value i 1 will be chosen. The value of the caliber will preferably be chosen like the second electric current threshold value i 2 , the second threshold value being of course greater than the first threshold value.

Le disjoncteur 1 illustré à la figure 3 est traversé par la ligne d'alimentation en courant 2 servant par exemple à alimenter en courant électrique un immeuble. Dans l'exemple illustré, la ligne d'alimentation en courant électrique comporte trois phases 2-1, 2-2 et 2-3 ainsi qu'un neutre 2-4. Toutefois il sera clair que l'invention n'est pas limitée à des disjoncteurs utilisés sur des lignes d'alimentation ayant trois phases et un neutre et que l'invention s'applique également à des disjoncteurs utilisés sur des lignes ayant plus ou ayant moins de trois phases.Circuit breaker 1 shown in figure 3 is crossed by the current supply line 2 serving for example to supply an electric current to a building. In the example illustrated, the electric current supply line has three phases 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 as well as a neutral 2-4. However, it will be clear that the invention is not limited to circuit breakers used on supply lines having three phases and one neutral and that the invention also applies to circuit breakers used on lines having more or less. of three phases.

Le disjoncteur comporte un capteur 3 de courant placé sur la ligne d'alimentation 2 et agencé pour mesurer un courant électrique circulant dans la ligne d'alimentation en courant électrique. Le capteur est également agencé pour fournir une valeur de mesure du courant mesuré. Le capteur est de préférence agencé pour mesurer le courant qui circule dans chaque ligne d'alimentation pour ainsi permettre de vérifier si le courant dans une phase n'est pas plus intense que dans les autres et pouvoir ainsi discriminer des défauts électriques. Afin de surveiller la variation dans le temps du courant qui circule dans la ligne, le courant est mesuré soit en continu soit par échantillonnage.The circuit breaker comprises a current sensor 3 placed on the supply line 2 and arranged to measure an electric current flowing in the electric current supply line. The sensor is also arranged to supply a measurement value of the measured current. The sensor is preferably designed to measure the current which circulates in each supply line so as to make it possible to verify whether the current in one phase is not more intense than in the others and thus to be able to discriminate electrical faults. In order to monitor the variation over time of the current flowing in the line, the current is measured either continuously or by sampling.

Le capteur 3 est relié à un convertisseur 5 analogique/ numérique agencé pour convertir la valeur de mesure mesurée par le capteur en une valeur numérique de mesure de courant. Le convertisseur est relié à un organe de surveillance 6,7 du courant. L'organe de surveillance est relié à la source 4 de réserve d'énergie électrique et peut ainsi être alimenté par cette source. Cet organe de surveillance de courant comporte une unité principale 6 et une unité auxiliaire 7. L'unité principale est agencée pour exécuter sur base desdits données reçues via le convertisseur 5 des fonctions primaires de protection de l'installation électrique, comme la surveillance de l'intensité du courant qui circule sur la ligne, la constatation d'une surtension ou de la présence d'un court-circuit sur la ligne. L'unité auxiliaire est agencée pour exécuter entre autres sur base des données reçues des fonctions secondaires de l'installation électrique qui ne sont pas liées à la sureté de l'installation, comme la mesure de grandeurs électrique, par exemple l'intensité du courant et/ou de la tension électrique, la fréquence du courant, sa puissance, le rapportage d'erreurs ou de situation d'alarme, la production de données à remettre à un bus de communication, la production de messages de maintenance préventive, etc....The sensor 3 is connected to an analog / digital converter 5 arranged to convert the measurement value measured by the sensor into a digital current measurement value. The converter is connected to a current monitoring device 6.7. The monitoring unit is connected to the electric power reserve source 4 and can thus be supplied by this source. This current monitoring unit comprises a main unit 6 and an auxiliary unit 7. The main unit is arranged to perform, on the basis of said data received via the converter 5, primary functions of protecting the electrical installation, such as monitoring the electrical installation. intensity of the current flowing on the line, the observation of an overvoltage or the presence a short circuit on the line. The auxiliary unit is designed to perform, among other things on the basis of the data received secondary functions of the electrical installation which are not related to the safety of the installation, such as the measurement of electrical quantities, for example the intensity of the current. and / or the electric voltage, the frequency of the current, its power, the reporting of errors or alarm situations, the production of data to be delivered to a communication bus, the production of preventive maintenance messages, etc. ...

La source 4 de réserve d'énergie électrique est de préférence maintenue chargée par le courant électrique présent sur la ligne 2. La source 4 de réserve sert à alimenter directement l'unité principale 6 et cela également en cas de panne de courant. De préférence l'unité auxiliaire 7 est reliée à la source d'alimentation 4 par l'intermédiaire d'un interrupteur 16 commandé par un premier signal de commande, comme il sera décrit ci-dessous, de telle façon à alimenter l'unité auxiliaire en énergie électrique sous contrôle du premier signal de commande.The reserve source of electrical energy is preferably kept charged by the electric current present on the line 2. The reserve source 4 serves to directly power the main unit 6 and this also in the event of a power failure. Preferably the auxiliary unit 7 is connected to the power source 4 by means of a switch 16 controlled by a first control signal, as will be described below, so as to supply the auxiliary unit. in electrical energy under the control of the first control signal.

L'unité principale 6 possède une entrée 13 reliée à la sortie du convertisseur 5 et par laquelle la valeur numérique de mesure de courant lui est fournie. L'unité principale 6 est agencée pour détecter d'une part si la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est située dans la plage qui s'étend entre la première valeur-seuil i1 et la deuxième i2 valeur-seuil de courant électrique et d'autre part si la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est supérieure à cette deuxième valeur-seuil.The main unit 6 has an input 13 connected to the output of the converter 5 and through which the digital current measurement value is supplied to it. The main unit 6 is arranged to detect on the one hand whether the digital current measurement value is located in the range which extends between the first threshold value i 1 and the second i 2 threshold value of electric current and on the other hand if the digital current measurement value is greater than this second threshold value.

L'unité principale de l'organe de surveillance est également agencée pour produire un premier signal de commande lorsqu'elle constate que la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est située dans ladite plage et un deuxième signal de commande lorsqu'elle constate que la valeur numérique de mesure de courant est supérieure à la deuxième valeur-seuil. Cette constatation est par exemple réalisée en calculant le pourcentage que représente la valeur numérique de mesure de courant par rapport à la valeur du calibre. De façon alternative la constatation peut être réalisée en comparant la valeur numérique mesurée avec des valeurs stockées dans une mémoire qui fait partie de l'unité principale. Le premier signal de commande est de préférence maintenu aussi longtemps que la valeur numérique de mesure de courant reste dans ladite plage et il sera annulé lorsque la valeur numérique de mesure de courant sera retombée sous la valeur i1.The main unit of the monitoring unit is also arranged to produce a first control signal when it finds that the digital current measurement value is within said range and a second control signal when it finds that the value digital current measurement is greater than the second threshold value. This observation is for example carried out by calculating the percentage represented by the digital current measurement value with respect to the value of the gauge. Alternatively the finding can be achieved by comparing the measured digital value with values stored in a memory that is part of the main unit. The first control signal is preferably maintained as long as the digital current measurement value remains in said range and it will be canceled when the digital current measurement value has fallen below the value i 1 .

L'unité principale est agencée pour réaliser, sous contrôle du deuxième signal de commande, une coupure du courant circulant dans l'installation. L'unité principale est reliée à un déclencheur 10, lui-même relié à des contacts 11 de puissance montés en série sur les lignes de courant. Sous contrôle du deuxième signal de commande le déclencheur est activé pour ainsi faire basculer les contacts 11 de puissance et interrompre la circulation du courant sur la ligne 2.The main unit is designed to cut off the current flowing in the installation, under the control of the second control signal. The main unit is connected to a trip device 10, itself connected to power contacts 11 connected in series on the current lines. Under control of the second control signal, the trip unit is activated so as to switch the power contacts 11 and interrupt the flow of current on line 2.

L'unité auxiliaire est agencée pour être activée sous contrôle du premier signal de commande et pour exécuter entre autres sur base desdits données reçues des fonctions secondaires de l'installation électrique. Par fonctions secondaires on entend des fonctions ne concernant pas directement la sécurité de l'installation électrique comme le rapportage sur des incidents qui peuvent se produire sur le réseau, des informations sur la consommation de courant, des fonctions d'alarme, de maintenance ou de communication et la mesure de grandeurs électriques, par exemple l'intensité du courant et/ou de la tension électrique, la fréquence du courant, sa puissance.The auxiliary unit is arranged to be activated under the control of the first control signal and to perform, among other things, on the basis of said data received, secondary functions of the electrical installation. Secondary functions are understood to mean functions that do not directly concern the safety of the electrical installation, such as reporting on incidents that may occur on the network, information on current consumption, alarm, maintenance or safety functions. communication and measurement of electrical quantities, for example the intensity of the current and / or the electrical voltage, the frequency of the current, its power.

L'unité auxiliaire est reliée à une porte d'accès 12 ayant une entrée de commande 14 relié à l'unité principale pour recevoir le premier signal de commande. La porte d'accès 12 est une porte unidirectionnelle dans le sens vers l'unité auxiliaire. Cette porte d'accès est agencée pour s'ouvrir sous contrôle du premier signal de commande. La porte d'accès est agencée pour gérer l'accès de données à l'unité auxiliaire sous contrôle du premier signal de commande. En effet l'unité auxiliaire n'est activée qu'après que le premier signal de commande ait été produit par l'unité principale, c'est-à-dire lorsque la valeur numérique du courant mesuré se situe dans la plage située entre i1 et i2. Si le courant a une valeur située dans cette dernière plage, cela signifie que le courant circulant sur la ligne a une valeur significative et qu'il faut donc que l'unité principale surveille l'évolution du courant. Pour décharger l'unité principale et lui permettre de traiter des fonctions principales, le premier signal de commande va ouvrir la porte d'accès 12 pour ainsi transmettre les données reçus via le convertisseur vers l'unité auxiliaire 7, ainsi qu'autoriser l'alimentation en énergie de l'unité secondaire par l'intermédiaire de l'interrupteur 16. Cette dernière va alors pouvoir prendre en charge les fonctions secondaires.The auxiliary unit is connected to an access door 12 having a control input 14 connected to the main unit to receive the first control signal. The access door 12 is a one-way door in the direction towards the auxiliary unit. This access door is arranged to open under the control of the first control signal. The access door is arranged to manage data access to the auxiliary unit under the control of the first control signal. In fact the auxiliary unit is only activated after the first control signal has been produced by the main unit, i.e. when the digital value of the measured current is in the range between i 1 and i 2 . If the current has a value located in the latter range, this means that the current flowing on the line has a significant value and that the main unit must therefore monitor the evolution of the current. To unload the main unit and allow it to process the main functions, the first control signal will open the access door 12 thus transmitting the data received via the converter to the auxiliary unit 7, as well as authorizing the power supply to the secondary unit via switch 16. The latter will then be able to take over the secondary functions.

L'unité auxiliaire possède une ou plusieurs autres entrées 15 de données qui peuvent être reliés à par exemple un bus local et à un bus de terrain. L'unité auxiliaire peut également être reliée à une autre unité 9 comme par exemple une unité d'affichage via le bus local. Un échange de données entre l'unité principale et l'unité auxiliaire peut par exemple être réalisé à l'aide d'un bus de carte 8, par exemple du type UART ou SPI.The auxiliary unit has one or more other data inputs which can be connected to eg a local bus and a field bus. The auxiliary unit can also be connected to another unit 9 such as for example a display unit via the local bus. A data exchange between the main unit and the auxiliary unit can for example be carried out using a card bus 8, for example of the UART or SPI type.

L'unité principale est de préférence agencée pour sauvegarder les données présentes dans cette unité principale sous contrôle du deuxième signal de contrôle et pour associer à ces données une donnée de temps indiquant le moment où le deuxième signal de contrôle a été produit. Ainsi lorsque le deuxième signal de commande a été produit indiquant un courant trop élevé sur la ligne l'unité principale va pouvoir sauvegarder des données essentielles qui permettront de mieux protéger l'installation après réarmement du disjoncteur. Le fait d'associer une donnée de temps permet non seulement de mémoriser le moment où la coupure du courant est intervenue, mais également lors de la reprise du courant de vérifier si les données stockées sont encore valides.The main unit is preferably arranged to save the data present in this main unit under the control of the second control signal and to associate with these data a time datum indicating the moment when the second control signal has been produced. Thus, when the second control signal has been produced indicating too high a current on the line, the main unit will be able to save essential data which will make it possible to better protect the installation after resetting the circuit breaker. The fact of associating a time data item not only makes it possible to memorize the moment when the power failure occurred, but also during the resumption of the current to check whether the stored data are still valid.

Claims (6)

  1. Circuit breaker (1) comprising a current sensor (3) designed to measure an electric current flowing in an electric current supply line (2) of an electrical installation and provide a measurement value of the measured current, which sensor is connected to an analogue-to-digital converter (5) designed to convert said measurement value into a digital current measurement value, which converter is connected to a monitoring unit (6, 7) for monitoring said current having an input for receiving data relating to the current flowing in the electrical installation, which monitoring unit is designed to detect firstly whether the digital current measurement value is located within a range that extends between a first electric current threshold value and a second electric current threshold value and secondly whether the digital current measurement value is greater than this second threshold value, the second threshold value being greater than the first threshold value, which monitoring unit is also designed to produce a first control signal when it identifies that the digital current measurement value is located within said range and a second control signal when it identifies that the digital current measurement value is greater than the second threshold value, which monitoring unit is designed to connect to an energy supply from a reserve electrical energy source (4), characterized in that the monitoring unit comprises a main unit (6) and an auxiliary unit (7), said main unit being designed, on the basis of said received data, to execute primary functions for protecting the electrical installation and to produce the first and second control signal, said main unit being designed, under the control of the second control signal, to disconnect the current flowing in the installation, said auxiliary unit (7) being designed to be activated under the control of the first control signal and, on the basis of said received data, to execute secondary functions of the electrical installation, and in that, when the auxiliary unit (7) is activated by the first control signal, the auxiliary unit (7) is designed to execute the secondary functions and the main unit (6) is designed to execute the primary functions for protecting the electrical installation.
  2. Circuit breaker according to Claim 1, characterized in that said auxiliary unit (7) is connected to an access door (12) having a control input (14) connected to the main unit in order to receive the first control signal, the access door being designed to open under the control of the first control signal, and in that said access door (12) is designed to manage data access to the auxiliary unit (7) under the control of the first control signal.
  3. Circuit breaker according to Claim 2, characterized in that the access door is a unidirectional door in the direction towards the auxiliary unit (7).
  4. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the monitoring unit is connected to an electrical energy supply source (4) that is itself supplied from the electric current flowing in the supply line, the auxiliary unit (7) being connected to this supply source by way of a switch (16) controlled by the first control signal so as to supply it with electrical energy under the control of the first control signal.
  5. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the main unit is designed to save the data present in this main unit under the control of the second control signal and to associate, with these data, an item of time data indicating the time at which the second control signal was produced.
  6. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said reserve electrical energy source is connected to the main unit.
EP18704262.7A 2017-02-16 2018-02-16 Circuit breaker Active EP3583618B1 (en)

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FR1751256A FR3062949B1 (en) 2017-02-16 2017-02-16 CIRCUIT BREAKER
PCT/EP2018/053943 WO2018149998A1 (en) 2017-02-16 2018-02-16 Circuit breaker

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CN110366765A (en) 2019-10-22
CN110366765B (en) 2021-06-25
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EP3583618A1 (en) 2019-12-25
JP6798038B2 (en) 2020-12-09
FR3062949A1 (en) 2018-08-17
FR3062949B1 (en) 2021-05-28

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