EP3553011A1 - Dispositifs de détection de survitesse et de guidage pour systèmes d'ascenseur - Google Patents

Dispositifs de détection de survitesse et de guidage pour systèmes d'ascenseur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3553011A1
EP3553011A1 EP18305463.4A EP18305463A EP3553011A1 EP 3553011 A1 EP3553011 A1 EP 3553011A1 EP 18305463 A EP18305463 A EP 18305463A EP 3553011 A1 EP3553011 A1 EP 3553011A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
overspeed
elevator
roller
detection system
detectable element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18305463.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Fabrice Hamon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Otis Elevator Co
Original Assignee
Otis Elevator Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Otis Elevator Co filed Critical Otis Elevator Co
Priority to EP18305463.4A priority Critical patent/EP3553011A1/fr
Publication of EP3553011A1 publication Critical patent/EP3553011A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
    • B66B5/044—Mechanical overspeed governors

Definitions

  • the subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to elevator systems and, more particularly, to sensing elevator car guiding devices for elevator systems to connect an elevator car to a guide rail.
  • Elevator systems are used to transport passengers within buildings between floors of the building. Because of the enclosed space, speed of travel, and other concerns, monitoring the speed of travel and ensuring the safety of such passengers is a priority.
  • elevator systems include overspeed governors that are arranged to control (e.g., stop) the movement of an elevator car during an overspeed event.
  • Various speed detection components can be used to monitor the speed of travel, and if excessive speeds are detected, actuation of a braking system may be implemented.
  • a governor device engages roller(s), locking the elevator car to the guide rails should the elevator car travel at an excessive speed (e.g., descend). That is, in an overspeed event, a safety actuation operation is performed, such as engaging rollers, brakes, etc. in order to slow a travel speed of an elevator car (or elevator system counterweight, as appreciated by those of skill in the art).
  • overspeed detection systems for elevator systems.
  • the overspeed detection systems include a roller guide frame including a mounting base, a first roller supported on the mounting base, the first roller having a first roller wheel configured to engage with and rotate along a guide rail when installed in an elevator system, a first overspeed device arranged within the first roller wheel, the first overspeed device having a detectable element, and a detector defining a detection zone and arranged to detect the detectable element within the detection zone when the first roller wheel rotates at or above a threshold rotational speed.
  • further embodiments of the overspeed detection systems may include that the first overspeed device comprises a track within the first roller wheel with the detectable element moveable within the track.
  • further embodiments of the overspeed detection systems may include that the first overspeed device comprises a biasing element arranged to urge the detectable element away from the detection zone when the first roller wheel rotates at rotational speed below the threshold rotational speed.
  • further embodiments of the overspeed detection systems may include that the biasing element is a spring.
  • further embodiments of the overspeed detection systems may include that the detectable element is formed of a first material and the biasing element is formed of a second material that is different from the first material.
  • further embodiments of the overspeed detection systems may include that the detectable element is a steel ball.
  • further embodiments of the overspeed detection systems may include a switch operably connected to the detector such that when the detector detects the presence of the detectable element, the switch is actuated.
  • overspeed detection systems may include that least one additional overspeed device is arranged within the first roller wheel and arranged to balance the first roller wheel during rotation.
  • further embodiments of the overspeed detection systems may include that the at least one additional overspeed device is arrange diametrically opposite the first overspeed device.
  • further embodiments of the overspeed detection systems may include that the at least one additional overspeed device comprises a detectable element and a biasing element.
  • elevator system guiding devices are provided.
  • the elevator system guiding devices include an overspeed detection system of any of the above embodimets.
  • further embodiments of the elevator system guiding devices may include that the elevator system guiding device is a guiding device of an elevator car or a counterweight.
  • elevator systems include an elevator shaft having a plurality of landings, an elevator car movable within the elevator shaft along a car guide rail, a counterweight movable within the elevator shaft along a counterweight guide rail, and the overspeed detection system of any of the preceding embodiments arranged to detect an overspeed of at least one of the elevator car and the counterweight.
  • further embodiments of the elevator systems may include that when the first roller wheel is detected rotating at or above the threshold rotational speed, a brake is applied to slow movement of the elevator car or the counterweight.
  • FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an elevator system 101 including an elevator car 103, a counterweight 105, a roping 107, a guide rail 109, a machine 111, a position encoder 113, and a controller 115.
  • the elevator car 103 and counterweight 105 are connected to each other by the roping 107.
  • the roping 107 may include or be configured as, for example, ropes, steel cables, and/or coated-steel belts.
  • the counterweight 105 is configured to balance a load of the elevator car 103 and is configured to facilitate movement of the elevator car 103 concurrently and in an opposite direction with respect to the counterweight 105 within an elevator shaft 117 and along the guide rail 109.
  • the roping 107 engages the machine 111, which is part of an overhead structure of the elevator system 101.
  • the machine 111 is configured to control movement between the elevator car 103 and the counterweight 105.
  • the position encoder 113 may be mounted on an upper sheave of a speed-governor system 119 and may be configured to provide position signals related to a position of the elevator car 103 within the elevator shaft 117. In other embodiments, the position encoder 113 may be directly mounted to a moving component of the machine 111, or may be located in other positions and/or configurations as known in the art.
  • the controller 115 is located, as shown, in a controller room 121 of the elevator shaft 117 and is configured to control the operation of the elevator system 101, and particularly the elevator car 103.
  • the controller 115 may provide drive signals to the machine 111 to control the acceleration, deceleration, leveling, stopping, etc. of the elevator car 103.
  • the controller 115 may also be configured to receive position signals from the position encoder 113.
  • the elevator car 103 may stop at one or more landings 125 as controlled by the controller 115.
  • the controller 115 can be located and/or configured in other locations or positions within the elevator system 101.
  • the machine 111 may include a motor or similar driving mechanism.
  • the machine 111 is configured to include an electrically driven motor.
  • the power supply for the motor may be any power source, including a power grid, which, in combination with other components, is supplied to the motor.
  • FIG. 1A is merely a non-limiting example presented for illustrative and explanatory purposes.
  • FIG. 1B is a side view schematic illustration of the elevator car 103 as operably connected to the guide rail 109.
  • the elevator car 103 connects to the guide rail 109 by one or more guiding devices 127.
  • the guiding devices 127 may be guide shoes, rollers, etc., as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art.
  • the guide rail 109 defines a guide rail track that has a base 129 and a blade 131 extending therefrom (see also FIG. 2B , a guide rail 212 having a rail base 214 and a rail blade 216).
  • the guiding devices 127 of the elevator car 103 are configured to run along and/or engage with the blade 131 of the guide rail 109.
  • the guide rail 109 mounts to a wall 133 of the elevator shaft 117 (shown in FIG. 1A ) by one or more brackets 135.
  • the brackets 135 are configured to fixedly mount to the wall 133, such as by bolts, fasteners, etc. as known in the art.
  • the base 129 of the guide rail 109 fixedly attaches to the brackets 135, and thus the guide rail 109 can be fixedly and securely mounted to the wall 133.
  • a guide rail of a counterweight of an elevator system may be similarly configured.
  • Embodiments provided herein are directed to apparatuses, systems, and methods related to elevator speed information, and particularly to monitoring for overspeed within an elevator system.
  • an elevator system may be equipped with an overspeed monitoring system (e.g., speed sensors, position sensors, elements incorporated into the machine, etc.).
  • an elevator speed monitoring system e.g., speed sensors, position sensors, elements incorporated into the machine, etc.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to incorporating an elevator speed monitoring system into the roller guides (e.g., for elevator cars and/or couterweights).
  • FIGS. 2A-2B schematic illustrations of elevator car guiding devices 202 in accordance with a non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure are shown.
  • FIG. 2A is a partial isometric illustration of an elevator car frame 200 having two elevator car guiding devices 202 installed thereon.
  • FIG. 2B is a top-down schematic illustration of an elevator car guiding device 202 as engaged with a guide rail 212 of an elevator system.
  • the elevator car frame 200 includes a crosshead frame 206 extending between vertical stiles 208.
  • the elevator car guiding devices 202 are mounted to at least one of the crosshead frame 206 and the vertical stiles 208 at respective mounting bases 210.
  • Each mounting base 210 defines at least part of a roller guide frame that is used to mount and support rolling components to an elevator car.
  • the elevator car guiding devices 202 are each configured to engage with and move along a respective guide rail 212 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 2B ).
  • the guide rail 212 has a rail base 214 and a rail blade 216 and the elevator car guiding devices 202 engage with and move along the rail blade 216 of the guide rail 212.
  • the elevator car guiding device 202 as shown in FIG. 2B , includes a first roller 218 and two second rollers 220.
  • the first roller 218 is a side-to-side roller and the second rollers 220 are front-to-back rollers.
  • the first roller 218 of one elevator car guiding device 202 operates in concert with a first roller of another elevator car guiding device to prevent side-to-side movement (e.g., within the elevator shaft).
  • a specific configuration and arrangement is shown in FIGS. 2A-2B , those of skill in the art will appreciate that embodiments provided herein are applicable to various other elevator car guiding device configurations/arrangements.
  • Each of the first and second rollers 218, 220 include roller wheels as known in the art.
  • rollers 218, 220 are movably or rotatably mounted to the mounting base 210 by a first support bracket 222 and second support brackets 224, respectively.
  • roller guides typically utilize wheels with rolling element bearings mounted on stationary pins (spindles) fixed to pivoting arms supported by the mounting base 210, which in turn interfaces with the car frame, as described above.
  • the pivoting arm is retained by a stationary pivot pin fixed to the base.
  • a spring is configured to provide a restoring force and a displacement stop (e.g., a bumper).
  • the roller wheels contact the guide rails of the elevator system and spin with the vertical motion of the elevator car.
  • FIGS. 2A-2B are illustrated and discussed relative to an elevator car frame, and thus the elevator car guiding device 202 is for an elevator car, those of skill in the art will appreciate that similar constructions and guiding devices may be used for counterweights of elevator systems.
  • the above embodiments are merely for illustrative and explanatory purposes, and not intended to be limiting.
  • one or more the rollers 218, 220 may be configured with an overspeed detection system, as described herein.
  • a sensor or detector may be positioned relative to a roller having a detectable element, wherein when the sensor detects the presence of the detectable element, an overspeed may be determined, and thus corrective action (e.g., application of brakes) may be taken in response to the overspeed condition.
  • FIGS. 3A-3B schematic illustrations of a roller 330 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure are shown.
  • the roller 330 may be used as a roller in an elevator car guiding device or in a counterweight guiding device of elevator systems.
  • typical guiding devices of elevator systems include one or more rollers (typically three) that movably engage with a guide rail.
  • the roller 330 shown in FIGS. 3A-3B may be used in any of the guiding devices, with one or more of the rollers thereof configured as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B .
  • the roller 330 includes a roller wheel 331 having a contact portion 332 and a rim 334 to which the contact portion 332 is mounted, attached, or part of.
  • the contact portion 332 is part of the roller wheel 331 that contacts and runs along a guide rail of an elevator system.
  • the rim 334 supports the contact portion 332 and fixedly mounts the roller 330 to a frame, such as shown and described above.
  • An axle, shaft, or other rotating element may connect to a support and/or frame when assembled as part of a guiding device.
  • the contact element 332 and the rim 334 may be a unitary or uniform body formed from a single material and/or mold.
  • the contact portion 332 may be a rubber material and the rim 334 may be metal.
  • the roller 330 is configured with a first overspeed device 336 and a second overspeed device 338.
  • the overspeed devices 336, 338 are configured to respond to the rotational speed of the roller 330 such that an overspeed detection may be made when the roller 330 rotates at or above a predefined rotational speed.
  • the first overspeed device 336 includes a track 340, a detectable element 342, and a biasing element 344.
  • the track 340 has a first end 346 and a second end 348.
  • S 1 which may be a rotational speed within normal operating speeds of the roller 330
  • the first overspeed device 336 is in a first state (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3A ).
  • the biasing element 344 is configured or set to hold or bias the detectable element 342 into or toward the first end 346 of the track 340.
  • the detectable element 342 may be forced toward the second end 346 of the track 340 and overcome the biasing force of the biasing element 344. As such, the detectable element 342 may move toward the second end 346 of the track 340.
  • a detector 350 is arranged adjacent to the roller 330.
  • the detector 350 is selected to detect the presence of the detectable element 342 when the detectable element 342 is located within (or passes through) a detection zone 352.
  • the detectable element 342 is configured and/or selected for detection by the detector 350.
  • the range of the detection zone 352, the length of the track 340, the weight of the detectable element 342, and/or the biasing force of the biasing element 344 is configured or selected such that during normal speeds (e.g., first rotation speed S 1 ) the detectable element 342 does not pass through the detection zone 352.
  • the detectable element 342 moves into or through the detection zone 352 such that the detector 350 may be triggered (e.g., detect the presence of the detectable element 342).
  • a threshold value e.g., an overspeed
  • the detectable element 342 is selected to be made from a first material that is detectable or interactive with the detector 350 when within the detection zone 352.
  • the biasing element 344 may be formed from a second material that is different from the first material such that the presence of the biasing element within the detection zone 352 will not be detected by or interact with the detector 350.
  • the material of the roller wheel 331 will be a material that does not interact with or is detectable by the detector 350. Thus, it is only the detectable element 342 that is detectable by or interacts with the detector 350 when in the detection zone 352.
  • the detector 350 is operably connected to a switch 354, which in turn is connected to a safety circuit 356.
  • the safety circuit 356 may be part of a safety chain of an elevator system and/or may operably connect the switch 354 to an electronic safety actuator (or other braking system).
  • the switch 354 may actuate (open or close depending on configuration) and thus trigger a safety response, such as a braking operation.
  • the switch 354 is open during normal operation ( FIG. 3A ) and closed when an overspeed condition exists ( FIG. 3B ).
  • the detectable element 342 is a steel ball and the biasing element 344 is a spring.
  • the roller 330 In operation, as the roller 330 rotates, centrifugal force will cause the detectable element 342 to apply a force to the biasing element 344. As the force applied by the detectable element 342 increases, the biasing element 344, in this embodiment, will compress, and the detectable element 342 will move radially outward along the track 340. When the detectable element 342 enters the detection zone 352, the detector 350 will detect the presence of the detectable element 342 and cause the switch 354 to change state (e.g., open or close) and thus trigger the safety response.
  • state e.g., open or close
  • the roller 330 includes a second overspeed device 338.
  • the second overspeed device 338 may be formed substantially similar to the first overspeed device 338 and may be arranged diametrically opposite the first over speed device 338 (i.e., along the same diameter or opposing radial line of the roller 330).
  • the second overspeed device 338 includes a track 358 with a detectable element 360 and a biasing element 362 within the track 358.
  • the second overspeed device 338 is arranged to ensure balancing of the roller 330 during operation. However, in some embodiments, the second overspeed device 338 may be removed if other balancing compensation is provided within the roller 330.
  • the biasing elements of the overspeed devices may be fixed at the first end (e.g., first end 346) and the centrifugal force and radial movement of the detectable element may pull or stretch the biasing element in the event of an overspeed condition.
  • the biasing element may not be mechanical in nature (e.g., a spring), but may be a fluid contained within the track (e.g., such as a tube) with the fluid having sufficient viscosity to prevent movement of the detectable element except during overspeed conditions.
  • a safety operation such as application of brakes
  • various other actions may be taken when a detection is made.
  • a signal or notification can be sent to a maintenance system to trigger inspection and/or repair on the elevator system.
  • the detectable element may have other shapes or configurations.
  • the detectable element may be a cylinder or other shape that is moveable within or along a track.
  • a piston-type arrangement may be used in place of the ball-spring arrangement illustratively shown.
  • Various other arrangements are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the second overspeed device is provided to enable a balanced rotation of the roller.
  • any balanced roller arrangement may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • three separate overspeed devices may be arranged within a roller, with the three overspeed devices arranged at 120° orientations relative to each other about the roller.
  • four overspeed devices may be arranged at 90° orientations relative to each other about the roller.
  • any number of overspeed devices may be used, and in various orientations, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the elevator system guiding device 470 includes a first roller 472 and two second rollers 474, similar to that shown in FIG. 2B .
  • the rollers 472, 474 are mounted to a mounting base 476, which in turn is mountable to a frame or other structure of an elevator car or a counterweight of an elevator system.
  • At least one of the rollers 472, 474 (as shown one of the rollers 474) is configured as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B , including one or more overspeed devices therein.
  • a detector 478 is mounted to the mounting base 476 and is operably connected to a safety system, such as described above.
  • each of the rollers 472, 474 can include one or more overspeed devices therein with associated detectors arranged relative thereto.
  • embodiments disclosed herein provide for improved overspeed detection systems for elevators.
  • the actual speed of an elevator car (or counterweight) can be monitored directly at the roller guide rather than requiring the installation of an overspeed governor, as typically used. If an overspeed condition is detected by systems of the present disclosure, a communication with a braking system (e.g., an electronic safety actuator) can be initiated to slow or stop the elevator car. Further, because of the electrical signal nature of embodiments of the present disclosure, a history of the elevator speed monitoring may be maintained to prevent unnecessary maintenance or service. Further, advantageously, because the overspeed detection of the present disclosure is based on rotation of the rollers, the systems of the present disclosure can be used in both up and down directions of travel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
EP18305463.4A 2018-04-13 2018-04-13 Dispositifs de détection de survitesse et de guidage pour systèmes d'ascenseur Withdrawn EP3553011A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18305463.4A EP3553011A1 (fr) 2018-04-13 2018-04-13 Dispositifs de détection de survitesse et de guidage pour systèmes d'ascenseur

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18305463.4A EP3553011A1 (fr) 2018-04-13 2018-04-13 Dispositifs de détection de survitesse et de guidage pour systèmes d'ascenseur

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113526300A (zh) * 2020-04-22 2021-10-22 株式会社日立制作所 引导装置、以及使用该引导装置的载人载货用电梯
CN114380174A (zh) * 2020-10-02 2022-04-22 奥的斯电梯公司 无绳电梯轮力释放系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US764038A (en) * 1904-02-29 1904-07-05 Waller L Reed Adjustable automatic brake.
US4662481A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-05-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Elevator system
US5052523A (en) * 1991-02-14 1991-10-01 Otis Elevator Company Elevator car-mounted govenor system
EP1908721A1 (fr) * 2005-07-08 2008-04-09 Coop, Orona S. Mecanisme detecteur de survitesse dans des appareils elevateurs, dispositif de securite agissant contre la survitesse et appareil elevateur
EP2020397A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-04 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Manufacturing Spain S.L. Appareil et système pour détecter la vitesse excessive d'une cabine d'ascenseur

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US764038A (en) * 1904-02-29 1904-07-05 Waller L Reed Adjustable automatic brake.
US4662481A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-05-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Elevator system
US5052523A (en) * 1991-02-14 1991-10-01 Otis Elevator Company Elevator car-mounted govenor system
EP1908721A1 (fr) * 2005-07-08 2008-04-09 Coop, Orona S. Mecanisme detecteur de survitesse dans des appareils elevateurs, dispositif de securite agissant contre la survitesse et appareil elevateur
EP2020397A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-04 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Manufacturing Spain S.L. Appareil et système pour détecter la vitesse excessive d'une cabine d'ascenseur

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113526300A (zh) * 2020-04-22 2021-10-22 株式会社日立制作所 引导装置、以及使用该引导装置的载人载货用电梯
CN114380174A (zh) * 2020-10-02 2022-04-22 奥的斯电梯公司 无绳电梯轮力释放系统
CN114380174B (zh) * 2020-10-02 2024-03-19 奥的斯电梯公司 无绳电梯轮力释放系统

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