EP3551733B1 - System zum umwandeln eines organischen materials zum syngas - Google Patents

System zum umwandeln eines organischen materials zum syngas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3551733B1
EP3551733B1 EP17825936.2A EP17825936A EP3551733B1 EP 3551733 B1 EP3551733 B1 EP 3551733B1 EP 17825936 A EP17825936 A EP 17825936A EP 3551733 B1 EP3551733 B1 EP 3551733B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
syngas
organic material
heat exchanger
height
tubes
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EP17825936.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3551733A1 (de
Inventor
Paolo BRANDA
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Site SpA Con Socio Unico
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Site SpA Con Socio Unico
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for transforming an organic material into syngas.
  • the present invention relates to a so-called open-air system, i.e. without an upper cover.
  • Syngas i.e. a mixture of gas intended for oxidisation to obtain heat and/or mechanical energy.
  • the syngas essentially comprises carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide.
  • systems comprising a reactor passed through by the air and organic material in a descending direction, i.e. from top to bottom, and inside which the chemical reactions take place that transform the organic material into syngas.
  • the reactor essentially comprises:
  • the reactor of the above-mentioned type of system comprises:
  • the syngas coming out of the reactor is cooled in a controlled manner in cooling systems, which are arranged downstream and externally to the system for transforming the organic material into syngas.
  • Said choice is due to the fact that the feeding speed of the syngas inside the systems of a known type is particularly high.
  • the application TO2013A000332 proposes the provision of cooling means upstream of the reactor outlet and integrated inside the system itself.
  • Said cooling means are housed, at least partly, in a tubular jacket surrounding the reactor shell.
  • said cooling means comprise a plurality of ducts through which the syngas passes, respective cooling circuits of a heat transfer fluid and respective radiators for exchanging heat with syngas.
  • CN-U-202849349 and US-A-3988123 describe a system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is the construction of a system for transforming organic material into syngas, which meets at least one of the needs specified above.
  • the number 1 indicates a system for transforming an organic material into syngas.
  • the organic material is vegetable biomass.
  • the organic material could be formed of agricultural products deriving from traditional intensive cultivation, appropriately shredded, or with residues of olive pressing and grape pomace, chaff and/or rice husks, wheat, maize and cereals in general.
  • the syngas is a mixture of gas intended for oxidisation to obtain heat and/or mechanical energy in a user (not illustrated), for example an internal combustion engine, positioned downstream of the system 1.
  • the syngas essentially comprises nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide.
  • the system 1 essentially comprises:
  • the hopper 2 comprises a chute and is driven by a motor 17 to facilitate descent of the organic material and distribute the latter uniformly within the reactor 5.
  • the shell 4 has a substantially tubular-shaped axis A and is delimited by a pair of cylindrical walls 12, 13 and arranged in a position radially internal and external respectively to the axis A.
  • the shell 4 houses a laser sensor which detects the level of organic material reached inside the reactor 5, and allows or prevents loading of the organic material inside the hopper 2 on the basis of said level.
  • the casing 4 further comprises a frustoconical wall 14 made of ceramic material.
  • the reactor 5 is housed in a substantially coaxial manner inside the shell 4.
  • the reactor 5 has a tubular shape and extends along an axis A, vertical in the case illustrated.
  • the reactor 5 further comprises an outlet section 7 of the syngas of said reactor 5.
  • Section 7 is furthermore arranged at a lower height than the hopper 2 and higher than the wall 14.
  • section 7 of the reactor 5 is arranged at a lower height than the hopper 2.
  • the organic material moves inside the reactor 5 from top to bottom, according to a procedure known in the sector as down-draft.
  • the system 1 comprises a fan (not illustrated), which maintains the reactor 5 in underpressure.
  • the reactor 5 comprises, proceeding from the hopper 2 towards the section 7:
  • the stages 8, 9, 10 are arranged one after the other, from the hopper 2 towards the section 7.
  • stage 8 is a pre-heating stage
  • stage 9 is a pyrolysis stage
  • stage 10 is a stage of complete dissociation of the organic material.
  • stage 8 the organic material undergoes a process of drying and subsequent combustion in the presence of a combustion agent, for example hot air. Said combustion brings the temperature of the organic material in the layer 8 to a value of approximately 600-700°C, favouring carbonization of the organic material, by means of breakdown of the volatile components present in the wood fibres.
  • a combustion agent for example hot air.
  • stage 9 the partially carbonized organic material undergoes a pyrolysis process.
  • the pyrolysis process is due to the high temperature and lack of combustion agent. In other words, the pyrolysis process takes place substantially without oxygen.
  • Stage 9 further comprises a pair of grids 20 fixed to the wall 14 and provided to slow down the carbonic material in stage 9 and thus allow said carbonic material to remain in stage 9 for the necessary time.
  • the grids 20 are shaped like a double upturned cone with a plurality of calibrated holes (not illustrated).
  • the grids 20 are furthermore effective in preventing feed of the ashes, which are formed of the aromatic hydrocarbon components present in the gaseous mixture.
  • the grids 20 are made of ceramic material.
  • Stage 10 comprises:
  • the volatile components of the gaseous mixture that had not been blocked by the grids 20 are completely dissociated. Said volatile components are formed, in particular, of carbon micro-dust, which could damage and/or compromise the operation of the motors supplied with the syngas.
  • said carbon dust in the area of the surface 11, reacts with the water vapour giving rise to carbon oxide and hydrogen.
  • the barrier 18 is formed, in the case illustrated, by alumina spheres.
  • the alumina spheres store heat and dissociate the last particles of carbon still present in the syngas.
  • the system 1 further comprises:
  • the system 1 comprises cooling means 30 which comprise a tube heat exchanger 80 formed of a plurality of tubes 81 ( Figures 2 to 4 ) passed through by the syngas and embedded in a bath 82 of a heat transfer liquid, which in the case illustrated is water.
  • cooling means 30 comprise a tube heat exchanger 80 formed of a plurality of tubes 81 ( Figures 2 to 4 ) passed through by the syngas and embedded in a bath 82 of a heat transfer liquid, which in the case illustrated is water.
  • the tube heat exchanger 80 is in a position immediately below the section 7 and receives the syngas from said section 7.
  • tube heat exchanger 80 extends parallel to the axis A between:
  • the tube heat exchanger 80 comprises a pair of plates 83, 84, upper and lower, lying on respective planes parallel to each other and orthogonal to the axis A.
  • the tubes 81 have respective axes B parallel to each other and parallel to the axis A and extending between the plates 83, 84.
  • the tubes 81 are welded, at respective upper ends 86 and lower ends s to the plates 83, 84.
  • the plates 83, 84 have respective pluralities of holes arranged in the area of the open sections of the tubes 81.
  • the tubes 81 are arranged inside the tube heat exchanger 80 so as to form, in section orthogonal to the axis A, a plurality of circumferences concentric to the axis A ( Figure 2 ).
  • the tubes 81 are kept in position by respective baffles 88 interposed between pairs of tubes 81 ( Figure 3 ).
  • the tube heat exchanger 80 furthermore comprises:
  • the circuit 91 comprises, in particular:
  • the tube heat exchanger 80 is arranged in a position immediately below the grid 19 and the barrier 18.
  • the plates 83, 84 and the tubes 81 are made of stainless steel.
  • the syngas Due to the cooling action of the tube heat exchanger 80, the syngas is cooled to a temperature of approximately 20°C.
  • the carbonic material is placed in the hopper 2 and from here reaches the reactor 5 together with a combustion agent, typically air.
  • a combustion agent typically air.
  • the carbonic material undergoes combustion in the presence of the combustion agent at a temperature of approximately 600-700°C in stage 8; and undergoes a pyrolysis process in stage 9 substantially in the absence of air.
  • the grids 20 prevent feeding of the ashes formed by the aromatic hydrocarbons present in the gaseous mixture.
  • stage 10 the syngas is guided against the surface 11 at high temperature. In this way, the carbon dust not eliminated by the grids 20 is completely dissociated.
  • the barrier 18 is effective in removing the last particles of carbon still present in the syngas.
  • the unburnt waste and the ashes removed from the syngas reach, by gravity, the system 21 and are then stored in the tank 22.
  • the syngas then passes through the section 7 and flows into the tubes 81 of the tube heat exchanger 80, which are in contact with the bath 82 of heat transfer liquid.
  • the temperature of the syngas drops inside the tube heat exchanger 80 to a value of approximately 40 degrees centigrade.
  • the syngas cooled in a controlled manner and filtered reaches the outlet 3 of the system 1 and can be made available to the users.
  • the cooling means 30 comprise a tube heat exchanger 80 immersed in the bath 82 and the syngas is cooled by surface contact of the syngas with the cold heat transfer liquid in the bath 82.
  • the Applicant has observed that use of the cooling means 30 comprising the tube heat exchanger 80 allows reduction of the overall lateral dimensions of the system 1 compared to the solutions of a known type described in the introductory part of the present description.
  • tube heat exchanger 80 also allows a higher portion of materials not requiring great resistance to high temperatures to be used in production of the system 1 compared to the solutions of known types, with further evident savings.
  • the cooling action of the tube heat exchanger 80 allows reduction of the temperature of the syngas flowing out of the system 1 to values around 40 degrees centigrade with corresponding elimination of the harmful presence of chains of aliphatic hydrocarbons or solid condensate residues.
  • the barrier 18 is formed, in the case illustrated, of alumina balls and is interposed between tube heat exchanger 80 and outlet 3.
  • the alumina balls store heat and dissociate the last carbon particles still present in the syngas.
  • the alumina balls due to their low thermal conductivity, allow an accumulation of heat which favours dissociation of the last particles of carbon still present in the syngas. This allows further elimination of the harmful presence of chains of aliphatic hydrocarbons or solid condensate residues.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. System (1) zur Umwandlung eines organischen Materials in Synthesegas, umfassend:
    - einen Einlass (2), der bei Verwendung mit dem besagten organischen Material und/oder mit einem Verbrennungsmittel versorgt werden kann;
    - einen Auslass (3), der bei Verwendung von dem vom besagten System (1) erzeugten Synthesegas durchströmt werden kann und mit einem Verbraucher fluidisch verbunden werden kann;
    - einen offenen Reaktor (5), angeordnet zwischen dem besagten Einlass (2) und dem besagten Auslass (3), der bei Verwendung auf einer ersten Höhe mit dem besagten organischen Material versorgt werden kann und bei Verwendung dazu geeignet ist, auf einer zweiten Höhe, die niedriger als die besagte erste Höhe ist, das besagte Synthesegas zuzuführen; und
    - Kühlmittel (30), die, gemäß einer Zuführrichtung bei Verwendung des besagten Synthesegases im besagten System (1), stromaufwärts des besagten Auslasses (3) und stromabwärts des besagten Reaktors (5) positioniert sind und dazu geeignet sind, das besagte Synthesegas bei Verwendung im besagten System (1) zu kühlen;
    die besagten Kühlmittel (30) umfassend einen Röhrenwärmetauscher (80), der durch eine Vielzahl von Röhren (81) gebildet ist, durch die das besagte Synthesegas bei Verwendung strömen kann, und in einem Bad (82) untergebracht ist, das bei Verwendung mit einer Wärmeträgerflüssigkeit gefüllt ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Barriere (18) aus Keramikkugeln und ein Gitter (19), das zwischen der besagten Barriere (18) und dem besagten Röhrenwärmetauscher (80) angeordnet ist, umfasst;
    wobei der besagte Röhrenwärmetauscher (80) zwischen der besagten Barriere (18) und dem besagten Auslass (3) angeordnet ist.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der besagte Röhrenwärmetauscher (80) zwischen einer dritten Höhe und einer vierten Höhe erstreckt;
    wobei die besagte vierte Höhe bei Verwendung unterhalb der besagten dritten Höhe angeordnet ist.
  3. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine bei Verwendung vertikal angeordnete abwärts gerichtete Ausdehnungsrichtung umfasst, und dadurch, dass die besagten Röhren (81) jeweilige Achsen (B) parallel zur besagten Ausdehnungsrichtung aufweisen.
  4. System nach irgendeinem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu den jeweiligen Achsen (B) der Röhren (81) orthogonal verlaufenden Abschnitte gemäß einer Vielzahl von konzentrischen Kreisen angeordnet sind.
  5. System nach irgendeinem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der besagte Röhrenwärmetauscher (80) aus zwei perforierten Platten (83, 84) besteht, die einander gegenüberliegen;
    wobei die besagten Röhren (81) mit den besagten zwei Platten (83, 84) verschweißt sind.
  6. System nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der besagte Röhrenwärmetauscher (80) Leitbleche (88) umfasst, die zwischen den besagten Röhren (81) angeordnet und dazu vorgesehen sind, die besagten Röhren (81) in vorgegebenen Abständen voneinander zu halten.
  7. System nach irgendeinem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Rezirkulationsmittel (91) umfasst, die zum Erzeugen einer Zwangszirkulation der besagten Wärmeträgerflüssigkeit innerhalb des besagten Bades (82) geeignet sind.
  8. System nach irgendeinem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der besagte Einlass (2) oben offen ist.
EP17825936.2A 2016-12-09 2017-12-07 System zum umwandeln eines organischen materials zum syngas Active EP3551733B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102016000124642A IT201600124642A1 (it) 2016-12-09 2016-12-09 Impianto per la trasformazione di un materiale a base organica in gas di sintesi
PCT/IB2017/057730 WO2018104907A1 (en) 2016-12-09 2017-12-07 System for transforming an organic material into syngas

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3551733A1 EP3551733A1 (de) 2019-10-16
EP3551733B1 true EP3551733B1 (de) 2021-02-03

Family

ID=58638927

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17825936.2A Active EP3551733B1 (de) 2016-12-09 2017-12-07 System zum umwandeln eines organischen materials zum syngas

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3551733B1 (de)
IT (1) IT201600124642A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2018104907A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3988123A (en) * 1975-08-15 1976-10-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Gasification of carbonaceous solids
GB2183249A (en) * 1985-11-04 1987-06-03 James Willis Associates Ltd Thermal reactor
DK0616023T3 (da) * 1993-03-16 1996-04-09 Krupp Koppers Gmbh Forgasningsapparat til trykforgasning af findelt brændstof
CN202849349U (zh) * 2012-06-04 2013-04-03 上海锅炉厂有限公司 干煤粉分级加压气化反应装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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Publication number Publication date
EP3551733A1 (de) 2019-10-16
IT201600124642A1 (it) 2018-06-09
WO2018104907A1 (en) 2018-06-14

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